Why 100G? Agenda 100G 표준및기술 100G IPoDWDM 소개 100G 도입방법및사례 맺음말 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 2

Why 100G? 100GE Deployment Drivers Market inflection point from Nx10GE to 100GE on the rise Benefits include: - Simplifies network - Alleviates bottlenecks - Supercharge bandwidth - Reduces TCO Key Applications: - Mobility - Residential Triple Play - Business Services - Advanced Video Services - Data Center Interconnect Resilient Carrier Class 100GE end-to-end solution across Edge, Optical Transport, Core, Data Center 100GE demand is gaining momentum Lower CapEx and OpEx with improved TCO Future proof the network to accommodate growth Cisco offers market leading 100GE end-to-end solution

Why 100G? <Bandwidth Projection> <Ethernet Speed History> 10G has become the dominant interface over the past decade Transport evolving from SONET to IP / Ethernet over DWDM 40/80 wavelength DWDM systems are reaching capacity But, Nobody is willing to pay for a fatter pipe.

IP + Optical Driver Scale the network while Decreasing the total cost of ownership (TCO) Increasing Service Velocity Collapse Layers reduce devices, space, power & OpEx Enhancing resiliency Simplifying operations

IP + Optical Driver : TCO accomplished via... Automation implemented in a... Control Plane Provisioning, Restoration Maintenance, Optimization GMPLS / nlight CP enabled by an... Intelligent, Touchless Optical Layer WSON, nlight ROADM made possible by... Software Integration Virtualized Management and Hardware Integration IP-over-DWDM

표준기관 Cisco Connect Korea 2013

100G 표준 IEEE OIF ITU OIF IEEE Client Interfaces Layer 2/1 interoperability Transport Networks Layer 1/0 interoperability ITU Study Group 15: Optical and Transport Networks OTU4 frame format Single mapping for 40GE/100GE into OTU3/OTU4 OTL protocol enabling OTU3/4 over multi-lane (low cost) optics OIF: 100G Long-distance DWDM Transmission Industry consolidation around a single 100G DWDM solution (MSA) DP-QPSK Modulation is agreed Hardware Vendors Component Interoperability, Commonality IEEE 802.3ba: 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Working Group 40G and 100G Ethernet for Physical interface for Backplane, Copper, Fiber 100Gbase-LR4, 100Gbase-ER4, 100Gbase-SR10

DWDM 구성 ITU-T Transmitters + V - 1 0 1 1 10GE 10GE TXP Optical Add/Drop 10GE TXP - 10GE + 1 0 1 1 V 10GE 10GE TXP OADM OA 10GE TXP 10GE 10G POS 10G POS TXP Transponders Non-ITU compliant wavelengths DWDM Multiplexer l 4 drop Optical Amplifiers DWDM Demultiplexer 10G POS TXP 10G POS Receive Transponders

Optical Impairment Cisco Connect Korea 2013

Optical Impairment Attenuation EDFA s can help overcome attenuation, applied per span, but add noise Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification can overcome attenuation with minimal noise Chromatic Dispersion DCU s can help mitigate dispersion problems, applied per span, but add cost, latency & loss Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection Polarization Mode Dispersion Generally have to live with it. Regenerate signal when required. Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection OSNR Nothing can overcome losses in OSNR! Must regenerate! But advanced Forward Error Correction can lower OSNR requirements

Improve OSNR by FEC FEC (Forward Error Correction) extends reach and design flexibility, at silicon cost G.709 standard improves OSNR tolerance by 6.2 db (at 10 15 BER) Offers intrinsic performance monitoring (error statistics) Higher gains (8.4dB) possible by enhanced FEC (with same G.709 overhead)

100G DWDM (OIF) 기존 10G 기반전송망에 100G 도입시다수의고려사항발생 요구사항 : 100G 전송시기존전송로를사용가능해야함 문제점 : 높은전송로품질필요 (CD, PMD, non-linear effects) 해결방안 : Coherent Detection 기술을통해전송로품질보상 요구사항기존 ITU-T 파장및 spacing(50ghz/100ghz) 안에서전송필요 문제점기존 NRZ 방식사용시 (200Ghz) 이상 spacing 필요현재 100G 단일신호에대한광신호구현어려움 해결방안 : Modulation를사용하여전송rate(baud) 를완화

100G DWDM Lesson from 40G (OIF) 40G (OC768 POS) Multiple Mod schemes - ODB, CS-RZ, DPSK, DQPSK, PM-QPSK, etc Riding technology curve can be painful Very Fragmented supply base. No economies of scale. High Cost. 100G OIF initiative drove industry consolidation around PM-QPSK Much healthier supply chain. Multiple suppliers for key optical components Should result in faster introduction and price erosion than seen at 40G 90 o Hybrid Rx Optics 90 o Hybrid Single sourced suppliers Due to OIF Multiple suppliers (5-6)

100G DWDM Modulation 표준도입 DP (Dual Polarization) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase shift Keying) 빛의편광성질을이용하여수평, 수직축에 data 를전송 100G 를단일파장에 50G 씩전송가능 한개의 symbol 이하나의 waveform 을형성 1 개 waveform 은 2 bit 의 data 를실을수있어전송효율을 2 배로높힘 100G 의경우, 앞에서 50G 로나누었으므로초당 symbol rate 를 25G baud 로낮출수있음 (10G NRZ ->10G baud rate) Dual Polarization DQPSK 를통해 50Ghz spacing 가능

100G DWDM Coherent Detection 도입 광특성으로인한보상 (CD, PMD) 을기존물리적으로하던방식을광수신부에서 DSP(Digital Signal Processing) 으로처리 DSP로인한보상효율성증가로기존 DCU / Regenerator 불필요 광수신부에 DSP처리를위한별도칩셋필요

100G DWDM Coherent Detection 도입 CD Robustness PMD Robustness Network Reach 기존 10G 800 10 >2500 km 100G Coherent 70,000 100 2500 km

100G DWDM Challenge 100G 전송장비간호환가능?

Beyond 100G 향후 100G 이상솔루션에 Modulation 방법도입

IEEE 802.3Ba Client Standard specifies reach and cabling of client physical interfaces Issue of implementation Requires wide bus widths and fast i/o serdes Multi-l packaging technology experienced from LX4 technology Parallel Lane 형태로구성

IEEE 802.3Ba Client 100GBASE-LR4 Rate 10 100 1000 10G 40G 100G Modulation BASE = Baseband No digital modulation Medium T - twisted-pair cable (e.g. Cat5) K - copper backplane C - balanced copper cable (twinax) F - optical cable B - uses two wavelengths over a single optical cable S - short-range multi-mode fiber (less than 100 m) L - long-range single-mode cable (up to 10 km) E - extended-range single-mode cable (up to 40 km) Z - long-range single-mode cable (up to 80km) Line Coding X=8B/10B coding R=64B/66B coding Data Lanes 1 omitted 4, 10, etc

IEEE 802.3Ba Client Short Reach - 100GBASE-SR10 One 24 fiber-cable, MPO connector 20 active fibers (10-TX, 10-RX) 10 Gb/s per fiber One wavelength per fiber OM3 or OM4 multimode fiber 100 or 150 meter reach Long Reach - 100GBASE-LR4 One 2-fiber cable 4 wavelengths per fiber 25 Gb/s per wavelength Single mode fiber 10 km reach

IEEE 802.3Ba Client Client Handoffs, Cost Comparison 100GBASE-SR10 Expensive fiber ribbon cables, MPO connectors Cheap transceivers 850 nm VCSEL technology 100GBASE-LR4 Cheap fiber standard single mode duplex cables Expensive transceivers 1310 nm lasers, plus WDM mux/demux

IEEE 802.3Ba Client TRANSCEIVER TYPE 제조사간경쟁을최소화하기위해초기에는 MSA (Multi Source Agreement) 로정리 CFP (C Form Factor Pluggable) LR10, LR4, ER4 등다양한 Spec. 지원대부분의라우터 / 스위치 / 전송장비에서채택 Expensive!! - 1310 nm lasers, plus WDM mux/demux Power Limitation Size Limitation 슬롯당 1~ 2 Port 100G

IEEE 802.3Ba Client TRANSCEIVER TYPE CXP SR10 지원 CXP OM(SR10) CFP 연결가능 Cheap - 850 nm VCSEL technology 작은크기및저전력소모 CFP 와 CXP 별전송모듈비교 6 x 100G 6 RU CXP - 100G 당 1 slot 필요 Rack 당 100G 42 포트가능 CFP - 100G 당 2 slot 필요

IEEE 802.3Ba Client TRANSCEIVER TYPE CPAK CMOS Photonics Light processing in Silicon! 70% size reduction, 70% power reduction Standards based interfaces Support 10 port x 100GE line cards Enable Universal Ports

IEEE 802.3Ba Client TRANSCEIVER ROADMAP

IPoDWDM : CAPEX 의변화 The higher data rate reduces the CAPEX But, more complexity in optics and higher optical cost The ratio of L3 and Optical cost is changing with the data rate 10G 40G 100G Routing is 8% of Total Circuit spend, Down from 35% 7 years ago

IPoDWDM : Less Layer = Lower Cost A big % of the cost in NG network will be in optical interfaces Not only DWDM but also grey optics Therefore removing handoff between layers is important L3 L3 IPoDWDM L2/L1 Cost savings Cost savings L3 TXP (L0) TXP (L0) TXP (L0)

IPoDWDM WDM 기술에기반을두고 IP 패킷을전송하는기술 L2 Framing 에관계없이 Digital Wrapper 라는 G.709 형태의외부헤더를통해바로 WDM 을통해전송 진보된에러오류검출및정정기능 (FEC) 제공으로장거리전송지원

CRS-3 100G IPoDWDM Coherent 100GigE DWDM interface ITU-T 96 channel tunable G.709 OTU-4 framing with high gain FEC Industry leading Optical performance Pre-FEC Proactive Protection Manageable via Virtual Transponder Interoperability with legacy DWDM systems 기존 CRS 와 10G 기반전송망에서 100G 장거리전송가능

CRS-3 100G 구성비교 100GE LC on Router with 100G DWDM 100G DWDM LC on Router (IPoDWDM, CFP 불필요 )

CAPEX Saving IPoDWDM can provide a CapEx reduction: 15% if compared to a grey SR10-based 100Gbps I/F 35% if compared to a grey LR4-based 100Gbps I/F

Power Saving IPoDWDM provides roughly 350 W/100G gain when compared to SR10 The gain is in the order of 500W/100G when compared to LR4

Footprint Saving The net gain of IPoDWDM 1RU/100G when compared to SR10 The gain become 3RU/100G when compared to LR4

Optical Performance 점검항목설명기존 10G Attenuation ( 감쇄 ) Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR, 신호잡음비 ) 신호강도의감쇄효과 파장 (nm) 에따라감쇄정도변화 전송거리의제한초래 Optical Amp 추가시, 잡음신호발생 최대 Amp 개수에제한초래 Optical Amp 이용 15dB Cisco 100G IPoDWDM Coherent DP-QPSK 기존 Optical Amp 이용 Max 7.5 db By FEC Chromatic Dispersion (CD, 색분산 ) 주파수구성요소의속도차이에의하여발생 전송거리의제한초래 800 ps/nm 70,000 ps/nm (Coherent Detection) Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD, 편광색분산 ) Non-linearity of fiber geometry 으로발생 10Gbps 이상에서민감함 Fiber 제조사의 Spec. 분석으로거리산출가능 Industry Leading 100G Optical Performance 10 100 (Coherent Detection)

Proactive Protection Reactive Protection Proactive Protection with IP-over-DWDM Router Transponder FEC Pre-FEC Bit Errors Router Bit Errors working route FEC Limit fail over protect route LOF Router FEC Pre-FEC Bit Errors Router Bit Errors working route FEC Limit protect route Hitless Switch Protection Trigger Time Time ROADM ROADM

Management : Virtual Transponder Retains existing operational model Respects boundaries between packet / optical administrative groups CRS-3 Secure Management Channel 15454 MSTP PLIM Cisco PRIME Router Management L2/L3 Interface Information Routing Protocols IP Addressing Security DWDM Management L1 Interface Information Wavelength Usage Power Levels and Thresholds Performance Monitoring

Management : CLI control Respect organization boundaries Data/transport group separation Restrict users through rule-based access control Segmented Administration Data Group Transport Group WDMI/F WDMI/F Router DWDM Transport Status Monitoring Config Wavelength & FEC,.etc Optic Power & CD / PMD estimation XML interface

Transport Compatibility Same Interface used on CRS-3 Line Card and ONS 15454 boards Capability to use ONS15454 Boards & chassis to Connect & Regenerate CRS-3 100G CRS-3 CRS-3 CRS-3 ONS 15454 ASR9K ONS 15454

100G 구성방법 CRS-3 IPoDWDM PLIM CRS-3 IPoDWDM PLIM CRS-3 IPoDWDM PLIM M6 Cisco 100G Transponder CRS-3 / ASR9K CRS-3 / ASR9K M6 Cisco 100G Transponder M6 Cisco 100G Transponder CRS-3 / ASR9K

100G 도입방법 구분 10G DWDM 망 100G DWDM 망 10/100G IPoDWDM 망 장점 Optic 당비용저렴투자및설계용이 용량확장성증대선로효율증가 기존전송장비사용어려움일부회선이용량부족 과투자발생 단점 DWDM 효율감소망복잡성증가 기존전송장비사용어려움일부회선이용량부족 과투자발생 운용및관리부담증가

100G 도입방법 100G in the packet world = a better way to interface with a router 100G in DWDM transport = a major leap in density Legacy 10G (800G) Migration of Legacy (800 G + a) Greenfield NGN (8Tbps)

BT s 100G IPoDWDM BT has successfully completed a landmark technology trial with Cisco intended to increase available bandwidth, simplify network operations reduce capital expenses, and help usher in a new generation of consu- mer and business services. Alien wavelength over 769km Norwich 2x100G IPoDWDMs Newmarket 83km 77km terminal here 50GHz spacing Cambridge 50.7km 24km 68km 13.1km Adastral park 6 fiber spans of G652 SMF fibers Bishops Stortford 57.08km Wood green 58.1km 36.1 km Colchester 87.3km 14.7km 53.6km Basildon loopback here BT Tower

Using an IPoDWDM & alien wavelength solution whilst leveraging our existing DWDM investment allows BT to scale its network to a new level. Fulfilling demand for Fibre Broadband and reducing the unit cost for bandwidth at the same time allows us to invest for the future and is key to BT's strategy. Neil McRae, BT's Chief Network Architect 2011 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Cisco Confidential Connect 49

맺음말 Increase Service Velocity Improve Resiliency Simple Planning End2End Management Improve Operation Ture IP+ Optical solution For 100G Era Scalability TCO Simplicity