16 권대철 동경래 생장치에서발생하는 X선광자의투과력즉선질이우수하여야하며선질의분석을위해반가층측정이필요하다 (Kim et al. 011). 반가층을변화시키는요인으로는초점과반가층측정용물질간거리, 초점과선량계간거리, 조사야크기, 관전압, 여과판의사용유무와두께, 재질이있다.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "16 권대철 동경래 생장치에서발생하는 X선광자의투과력즉선질이우수하여야하며선질의분석을위해반가층측정이필요하다 (Kim et al. 011). 반가층을변화시키는요인으로는초점과반가층측정용물질간거리, 초점과선량계간거리, 조사야크기, 관전압, 여과판의사용유무와두께, 재질이있다."

Transcription

1 Journal of Radiation Industry 10 (3) : 161 ~ 165 (016) Technical Paper G-M 계수관과 137 Cs 선원을이용한납반가층의실험적연구 권대철 1 동경래, * 1 신한대학교방사선학과, 광주보건대학교방사선과 Experimental Study Using of a G-M Counter and 137 Cs Source to Measure the HVL with Lead Dae Cheol Kwoen 1 and Kyung-Rae Dong, * 1 Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Shinhan University, 95, Hoam-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do 11644, Republic of Korea Department of Radiological Technology, Gwangju Health University, Shinchang-dong, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 687, Republic of Korea Abstract - HVL(half-value layer) of lead was measured experimentally using a lead and 137 Cs (370 kbq) source and a G-M counter in which is used a lot of material for shielding HVL measured. 137 Cs in holder to 10 cm and start measuring the radiation. Continue addition of lead of the lead thickness of 1 mm one by one to continue the measurement. By measuring four times the natural radiation of 100 seconds and records the count value and the average rate to be displayed on the meter. Background radiation was a 4 times a count rate and the average 108 (100 s -1 ) as a result of measuring the average measurement, the standard deviation was determined to be 1.08 (s -1 ). An increase in the thickness of lead initial count rate starting from 90 (N) count rate is decreased with increase in the thickness of lead. Net counting rate, starting with the initial 8.1 (s -1 ) showed a decrease with increasing thickness, the standard deviation of the results was decreased from (s -1 ) to (s -1 ). Net counting rate is reduced to obtain the result that each half thickness of nappan about 7 mm. Was reduced similarly to the exponential function graph correlation coefficient (R ) was found to be Half-value layer which is the initial net counting rate (s -1 ) is a half the 7 mm to (s -1 ). In conclusion, it was confirmed the theoretical HVL of lead 7.19 mm and experimentally measured results matched the measured HVL 7 mm. Key words : 137 Cs, G-M counter, Half value layer, Lead 서 방사선선속의강도는거리에의해감약이나물질과상 호작용에기초한흡수와산란의원인으로감약 (attenuation) 된다. 방사선의선속의세기를절반으로감소시키는흡수물 론 * Corresponding author: Kyung-Rae Dong, Tel , Fax , . krdong@hanmail.net 질의두께를반가층 (HVL: half value layer) 으로정의하고있다. 반가층은엑스선빔의투과정도의측정수단으로사용되며두께가두꺼울수록투과력이크다는특징이있다. 방사선의선질은흡수체의두께인반가층으로규정하며, 이러한, 반가층의실제적인의미는두께가아니라두께를투과할수있는정도를의미한다. 피폭을감소시키고양질의영상을얻기위해서는 X선발 161

2 16 권대철 동경래 생장치에서발생하는 X선광자의투과력즉선질이우수하여야하며선질의분석을위해반가층측정이필요하다 (Kim et al. 011). 반가층을변화시키는요인으로는초점과반가층측정용물질간거리, 초점과선량계간거리, 조사야크기, 관전압, 여과판의사용유무와두께, 재질이있다. 엑스선관의초점에서발생되는엑스선은불균등엑스선으로에너지가낮은광자들은흡수로인하여환자의피폭선량을증가시키고있으므로이를제거할필요가있다. 따라서낮은에너지의광자들을흡수제거할목적으로여과를시키고있으며여과를어느정도시키느냐하는것은반가층을측정하여알수있다. 반가층의두께가두꺼울수록두께를투과할수있는투과력이큰것이다. 반가층은선질을대표하는인자로, 흡수물질에따라반가층의두께가다르며, 여과능력을나타내는반가층에대한측정이필요하다 (Dong et al. 010). 불균질한방사선에서저에너지를흡수로인하여환자의피폭선량을증가시키고있으므로이를제거할필요가있다. 따라서저에너지의광자들을흡수제거할목적으로여과를시키고있으며여과의정도를결정하는선질을평가하는목적으로반가층을측정하고있다. 반가층은선질에영향을지대하게미치므로반가층측정을위해차폐물질로많이이용되는납 (lead) 과 137 Cs의방사선선원및 G-M 계수관을이용하여납의반가층을실험적으로측정하였다. 재료및방법 1. Cesium-137 세슘 (Cs) 은원자량 11~151 사이에 30여종의동위원소가존재하는것으로알려져있으며자연상태에존재하는안전동위원소인 133 Cs을제외한다른동위원소는핵반응을통해생성된방사성동위원소로대부분반감기가매우짧다 (Gaur 1993; Zhang et al. 009). 137 Cs은세슘의방사성동위원소의하나이다. 또한반감기 30.0년으로최대에너지 MeV (5.4%), MeV (93.5%) 의 β선을수반하여붕괴하는핵종이며핵이성질체전이에의하여안정된 137 Ba 이된다 (Fig. 1). 137 Cs 원자핵은베타 (β - ) 붕괴를거쳐질량수는같으나원자번호가하나증가한바륨 (Ba) 원자핵으로전환된다. 이때생성되는바륨원자핵의 95% 는준안정상태인 137m Ba이다. 137m Ba은비교적강한감마선을방출하고안정한 137 Ba으로되며반감기는.55분으로 137 Cs이안정한바륨으로변할때방출하는 kev의감마선에의한것이다 (Jeong et al. 016). Fig. 1. Diagram of the decay of Cesium 반가층 (half value layer) 입사에너지의 50% 감약된주어진물질의두께가반가층이다. 반가층의단위는 (mm 또는 cm) 단위로감약계수 (attenuation coefficient) 에의존하는광자에너지이다. 반가층은흡수체를투과후의강도가투과전의강도의반이되는흡수두께로반가층의실제적인의미는두께가아니라그두께를투과할수있는정도를의미한다. 따라서반가층의두께가두꺼울수록그두께를투과할수있는투과력이큰것이다. 반가층을변화시키는요인은다양하며, 초첨-반가층측정용물질간거리, 초점-선량계간거리와조사야크기, 관전압및여과판의사용유무와두께와재질이다. 절반두께의절반원래강도의방사선의입사빔을줄이기위해필요한재료의두께이다. 반가층은방사선이물질과의상호작용인광전효과, 컴프턴효과, 전자쌍생성을통해에너지를소실한다. 이러한방사선의빔의강도 (I) 를따라두께 (X) 는감소하며식 1과같이정의한다. I(X) =I 0e -μx (1) 여기서 μ는선형감약계수이고, μ의값은물질의종류및감마선에너지에의존한다. 이계수는또한절반두께의관점에서표현될수있으며식 와같다. ln μ = where T =half value layer () T ln T = μ 3. 측정방법 G-M 계수관의검출가능한방사선은알파선, 베타선, 감마선이있고윈도우의두께는 1.5~.0 mg cm - 정도이고,

3 납반가층의실험연구 163 Fig.. Experimental use for equipment. a. Radioactivity 370 kbq of cesium 137. b. G-M counter. Fig. 3. Apparatus used of G-M counter and rate meter for measuring the HVL of 137 Cs. 윈도우유효부의직경은 137 Cs 선원의 370 kbq에서는 9 mm 정도이다 (Fig. ). G-M 계수관을클램프를사용하여가대에고정하여실험을위해설치한다. G-M 전압조정볼륨을돌려인가전압은 G-M 계수관의동작특성에따라계수율측정이효율적인 500 V로설정하였다. 인가전압설정후에는계수시간을선정한다. 광학대의시료를가대위에 137 Cs (370 kbq) 을약 10 cm에위치시키고방사선을측정을시작한다 (Fig. 3). 계속하여납을두께 1 mm의납을한개씩더하여측정을계속한다. 측정결과의계수값 (N) 을기록한다. 자연방사선을 100초단위로 4회측정하여 rate meter에표시되는계수값 (N) 과평균을기록한다. 결과 G-M 계수관을이용하여 137 Cs 선원을장착하지않고실험하여자연방사선을 4회측정한계수값과평균을측정한 Table 1. Results of measured of the background radiation 결과로평균 108 (100 s -1 ) 이었고, 표준편차는 1.08 (s -1 ) 로측 정되었다 (Table 1). Trial Time (sec) Count (N) Sum (N) Mean (100 s -1 ) 108±1.08 Mean background count rate (s -1 ) 1.08± G-M 계수관을이용하여 137 Cs 선원을장착하여정미계수 율 (net counting rate) 과표준편차 (SD) 를측정하였다. 납의 두께가증가하면초기계수값은 90 (N) 에서시작하여납의 두께가증가함에따라계수값은감소하였다. 정미계수율은 초기 8.1 (s -1 ) 에서시작하여두께가증가함에따라감소함 을보였고, 표준편차는 (s -1 ) 에서 (s -1 ) 으로감소

4 164 권대철 동경래 한결과를보였다 (Table ). 차폐두께에대한정미계수율을이용하여두께에따른정 미계수율을도식화하였다. 방사선이납에흡수될때에는지 수함수에서감소한다는것을알수있다. 정미계수율이납 판의두께약 7 mm 마다반절로감소하는결과를획득하였 다. 지수함수그래프와비슷하게감소하였으며상관계수 (R ) 는 로나타났다 (Fig. 4). 납의두께를 d H 라고하면흡수계수 (k) 는계산식에서 k =(ln)/d H 에서 k=0.693/7 =0.099 가된다. 따라서정미계 수율 (R) 은흡수물질의두께에따라다음식으로나타낸다. R =(7.514 e d ) (s -1 ) (3) 정미계수율과납의두께에따른편대수를직접대입하 Table. Results of measured decay with 137 Cs Lead thickness (mm) Count (N) Net counting rate (s -1 ) SD (s -1 ) 여그래프로거의직선에가깝게나온다. 초기정미계수율 (s -1 ) 이반이되는반가층 d H 는 R 0 =7.514/=3.757 (s -1 ) 값으로가로축의교차점이 7 mm 된다 (Fig. 5). 고찰방사선기기에필터를장착하여저에너지방사선을최소화하고, 환자에게불필요한선량으로피폭을방지하고균일하게조사하여진단에필요한영상의질향상과함께방사선의선질을향상시킨다. 이러한선질을나타내는것이반가층으로영상의학과및방사선기기분야에서는품질관리항목에적용되어응용되고있다 (Chen et al. 01). 방사선발생장치의성능의항목에반가층을추가하여관리하고있으며, 장비사용의효율성을극대화할수있으며, 방사선피폭선량을줄임과동시에영상의화질을향상시킬수있어정확한진단에기여할수있다 (You et al. 01). 방사선을이용하여반가층을측정하여선질의평가는장치및기기의효율적이고지속적인품질관리를통해질높은영상을제공하고최소한의선량으로최대의효율을얻을수있어정도관리및성능관리에활용되고있다. 반가층은방사선의강도를 50% 로감소시키는데필요한흡수물질의두께를의미하며흡수물질로는순수한납을사용하였다 (Kim et al. 011). 방사선의선질을나타내는반가층은핵종의선원에따라다양하게나타난다. 이러한선원은 137 Cs과 G-M 계수관을 Net counting rate (s -1 ) HVL =7.0 y=8.314e -0.10x R = Net counting rate (s -1 ) Lead thickness (mm) Fig. 4. Comparison between the ideological and the experimental HVL for different lead thickness Lead thickness (mm) Fig. 5. Semi-log graphy according to the lead thickness and net counting rate. Table 3. Lead shielding data in the ICRP 107 nuclear decay data set (Smith et al. 01) Nuclide Exposure rate constant Lead attenuation thickness (mmpb) 137 Cs* C m kg -1 MBq s C m kg -1 MBq s f-factor (cgy R -1 ) HVL QVL TVL *Data based on emissions of progeny 137m Ba HVL: half value layer, QVL: quarter value layer, TVL: tenth value layer

5 납반가층의실험연구 165 이용하여이론적으로 137 Cs의납에대한반가층 (7.19 mm), QVL(13.7 mm), TVL(1.8 mm) 로보고되어있다 (Eckerman et al. 008; Smith et al. 01). 자연방사선은선원의방사성붕괴에따른측정으로오류가따르는게일반적인현상이다. 이러한, 오류측정의작은부정확성으로이어질수있다. 자연방사선을방출많은방사성물질, 우주선에서우리의대기권에진입우주에서자연방사선은추가된다. 방사선검출은활동및지수함수그래프에정확도를하락시킨다. 그러나이러한오류를감소하기위해 137 Cs 선원을제거하고측정하여자연방사선을제가한상태에서측정하여보정할수있다 (Kweon et al. 014). 반가층에대한이론적인 137 Cs 선원의납의반가층은 7.19 mm이고실험결과는 7 mm로정확도는일치하였다 (Table 3). 납의반가층과이론적인두께와실험적인차이는약 0.19 mm가존재하였다. 이러한납의두께의차이가존재하며다음과같다. 첫째, 자연방사선의평균계수값은 111로차폐된실험실이아닌자연방사선이존재하는실험환경에따라자연방사선계수값의차이가존재하였다. 실험실환경에대한자연방사선의영향을받고있어가장이상적인조건은자연방사선이계측되지않는곳이가장좋지만실험여건상그런조건을충족할수없었기에자연방사선평균계수치를측정하여각데이터마다제거해주는방식을사용하였다. 둘째는실험방법에의한것으로사용했던 G-M 계수관과 137 Cs 선원의영향으로계수차이가존재하였다. 셋째는납의두께를 1 mm 간격으로제작하여정밀한반가층의측정은어려움이존재하였다. 넷째는반가층의실험적연구를 AktivLab TM 기기를이용하여실험실에서 G-M 계수관을이용하여측정에는많은제한이있었다. 결론방사선의선질을평가하는중요한요소인납의반가층을실험적으로측정하기위해 137 Cs 선원과 G-M 계수관을이용하였다. 결론적으로, 이론적인납의반가층 7.19 mm과실험적으로측정한반가층 7 mm와일치하는측정결과를확인하였다. 참고문헌 Chen SC, Jong WL and Harun AZ. 01. Evaluation of X-Ray Beam Quality Based on Measurements and Estimations Using SpekCalc and Ipem78 Models. Malays J. Med. Sci. 19(3):-8. Dong KR, Lee SJ, Kweon DC, Goo EH, Jung JE and Lee KS Actual condition of quality control of X-ray imaging system in primary care institution: focused on Gwangju Metropolitan city. J. Radiat. Protect. 35(1):34-4. Eckerman K and Endo A ICRP Publication 107. Nuclear decay data for dosimetric calculations. Ann. ICRP. 38(3):7-96. Gaur S Determination of Cs-137 in environmental water by ion-exchange chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 733(1): Jeong BJ, Son BY, Ahn CH, Lee SW, Ahn JC, Kim BS and Chung DM Study on removal of cesium in water treatment system. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng. 38(1):8-13. Kim YP, Cheon MW and Park YP Characteristic evaluation of medical X-ray using high-voltage generator with inverter system. J. KIEEME. 4(10): Kweon DC, Choi JW, Dong KR, Chung WK, Song HJ and Kim YJ Use of a GM counter to measure the halflife of Ba-137m generated by using isotope generator. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 65(4): Smith DS and Stabin MG. 01. Exposure rate constants and lead shielding values for over 1,100 radionuclides. Health Phys. 10(3): You IG, Lim CH, Lee SH and Lee MK. 01. Performance measurement of diagnostic X ray system. J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 6(6): Zhang CP, Gu P, Zhao J, Zhang D and Deng Y Research on the treatment of liquid waste containing cesium by an adsorption-microfiltration process with potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate. J. Hazard Mater. 167(1): Received: 1 August 016 Revised: 7 August 016 Revision accepted: 5 September 016

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

KAERITR hwp

KAERITR hwp - i - - ii - - iii - Minimum Detectable Activity(MDA) for Analysis of Noble Gas in Atmosphere It is important to determine whether radioactivity of noble gas in atmosphere exist or not. It is also difficult

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 박건수 *, 서태영 **, 김종욱 *** ". 요약 Abstract The induction melting furnace using electric generator has been introduced since 1920s, and it began to be widely applied to industrial applications due to increasing

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 11-1480523-000702-01 환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ Abstract ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ i 목차 Ⅲ Ⅳ i 목차 ii 목차 iii Abstract α β α β iv Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ 1 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. 2 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

전용]

전용] A Study of select the apropos processing mechanical method by the presume of transformation of teeth s surface degree ABSTRACT This study has been tried to select the apropos processing method by the

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

소아일반영상의학검사에서의 환자선량권고량가이드라인 - 두부, 복부, 골반 -

소아일반영상의학검사에서의 환자선량권고량가이드라인 - 두부, 복부, 골반 - 소아일반영상의학검사에서의환자선량권고량가이드라인 - 두부, 복부, 골반 - 소아일반영상의학검사에서의 환자선량권고량가이드라인 - 두부, 복부, 골반 - Ⅰ. 서언 1 2 Ⅱ. 의료피폭에서의방사선방어 1 1990 ICRP 권고에따른방사선방어의원리 3 2 2007 ICRP 신권고에따른방사선방어의원리 4 3 환자선량권고량 (Diagnostic Reference Level)

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Mar.; 25(3), 304310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.3.304 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

08김현휘_ok.hwp

08김현휘_ok.hwp (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel

More information

"Simulation of Energy Absorption Distribution using of Lead Shielding in the PET/CT" Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed T o

Simulation of Energy Absorption Distribution using of Lead Shielding in the PET/CT Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed T o http://dx.doi.org/10.7742/jksr.2015.9.7.459 Simulation of Energy Absorption Distribution using of Lead Shielding in the PET/CT Dong-Gun Jang *, Changsoo Kim **, Junghoon Kim ** Department of Nuclear Medicine,

More information

<352E20BAAFBCF6BCB1C5C320B1E2B9FDC0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C7D1B1B920C7C1B7CEBEDFB1B8C0C720B5E6C1A1B0FA20BDC7C1A120BCB3B8ED28313531323231292D2DB1E8C7F5C1D62E687770>

<352E20BAAFBCF6BCB1C5C320B1E2B9FDC0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C7D1B1B920C7C1B7CEBEDFB1B8C0C720B5E6C1A1B0FA20BDC7C1A120BCB3B8ED28313531323231292D2DB1E8C7F5C1D62E687770> 통계연구(2015), 제20권 제3호, 71-92 변수선택 기법을 이용한 한국 프로야구의 득점과 실점 설명 1) 김혁주 2) 김예형 3) 요약 한국 프로야구에서 팀들의 득점과 실점에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하기 위한 연구를 하였 다. 2007년부터 2014년까지의 정규리그 전 경기 자료를 대상으로 분석하였다. 전방선택법, 후방 소거법, 단계별 회귀법, 선택법,

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

- 2 -

- 2 - - 1 - - 2 - 전기자동차충전기기술기준 ( 안 ) - 3 - 1 3 1-1 3 1-2 (AC) 26 1-3 (DC) 31 2 37 3 40-4 - 1 14, 10,, 2 3. 1-1 1. (scope) 600 V (IEC 60038) 500 V. (EV : Electric Vehicle) (PHEV : Plug-in Hybrid EV).. 2. (normative

More information

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구 Study on the characteristic of heavy rainfall in the middle northern Gangwon Province by using Gwangdeoksan radar data 2004. 12. 10. Fig. 2.2.1 Measurement range of Gwangdeoksan radar site Fig. 2.2.2

More information

슬라이드 1

슬라이드 1 중성자스펙트로메트리및 원전중성자측정 한국표준과학연구원김정호 중성자방호의어려움 중성자산란및강한투과성 중성자에너지는 mev 에서 MeV 까지 10 차수정도변한다. 인체에대한중성자의영향은에너지에강하게의존한다. ( 방사선가중인자 : 5 ~ 20) 언제나 photon 을동반함. 중성자 / 감마혼합장에서의중성자도시메트리의어려움 2 Dosimetric Quantities

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 11-1480523-000748-01 배경지역 ( 백령도 ) 에서의 대기오염물질특성연구 (Ⅲ) 기후대기연구부대기환경연구과,,,,,,, Ⅲ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목차 Ⅳ ii 목차 iii 목차 iv 목차 μg m3 μg m3 v 목차 vi Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ μm μg m3 1 Ⅰ. 서론 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μm 2

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

歯49손욱.PDF

歯49손욱.PDF 2002 14 C Inventory An Estimation of 14 C Inventory on Each Unit of Wolsong NPP,,, 103-16 14 C 14 C Inventory 14 C Inventory 14 C 14 C, [Inventory] = [ 14 C ] - [ 14 C ] 14 C 14 C 13 C, 14 N 17 O [ 13

More information

264 축되어 있으나, 과거의 경우 결측치가 있거나 폐기물 발생 량 집계방법이 용적기준에서 중량기준으로 변경되어 자료 를 활용하는데 제한이 있었다. 또한 1995년부터 쓰레기 종 량제가 도입되어 생활폐기물 발생량이 이를 기점으로 크 게 줄어들었다. 그러므로 1996년부

264 축되어 있으나, 과거의 경우 결측치가 있거나 폐기물 발생 량 집계방법이 용적기준에서 중량기준으로 변경되어 자료 를 활용하는데 제한이 있었다. 또한 1995년부터 쓰레기 종 량제가 도입되어 생활폐기물 발생량이 이를 기점으로 크 게 줄어들었다. 그러므로 1996년부 大 韓 環 境 工 學 會 誌 特 輯 - Special Feature - 263~268. 2008. 인구구조변화에 따른 생활폐기물 발생량 현황 및 전망 서울대학교 보건대학원 Status and Forecast of the Municipal Solid Waste Generation by the Change of Population Structure Sa-rah

More information

12 문일봉 동경래 김미현 최성현 권대철 구은회 서론최근국민의경제능력향상과함께건강에대한관심이증가됨에따라양질의진단검사를요구하게되었고, 넓은진단검사부위와빠른검사시간과함께보험수혜가적용되면서전산화단층촬영 (Computed tomography; CT) 의이용이빠르게증가하고있으며

12 문일봉 동경래 김미현 최성현 권대철 구은회 서론최근국민의경제능력향상과함께건강에대한관심이증가됨에따라양질의진단검사를요구하게되었고, 넓은진단검사부위와빠른검사시간과함께보험수혜가적용되면서전산화단층촬영 (Computed tomography; CT) 의이용이빠르게증가하고있으며 Journal of Radiation Industry 11 () : 11 ~ 1 (2017) Technical Paper MDCT 에서절편두께에따른 Noise 측정 문일봉 1 동경래 1, * 김미현 1,2 최성현,4 권대철 구은회 6 1 광주보건대학교방사선과, 2 전북대학교대학원방사선과학기술학과, 강동경희대학교병원영상의학과, 4 조선대학교원자력공학과, 신한대학교방사선학과,

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식 ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

82.fm

82.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon

More information

핵의학 총론

핵의학 총론 6 주차 1. 섬광계수기 1) 섬광계수기의원리와구조 2. 검량기 1) 검량기의원리와구조및성능관리 3. 섬광카메라 1) 원리 2) 구성과기능 3) 섬광체와섬광카메라의성능변화 4) 콜리메터의종류와기능 5) 콜리메터의물리적특성과영상의질 핵의학기기 1. 감마선계측기 (Gamma Counter) 감마선계측기는 3cm 정도의 NaI(Tl) 결정으로구성되어그가운데혈액이나소변과같은시료를넣은시험관등을삽입해서측정할수있다

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

jaeryomading review.pdf

jaeryomading review.pdf 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. S. Kim, H. Y. Jeong, S. K. Kim, S. Y. Choi and K. J. Lee, Nano Lett. 11, 5438 (2011). 2. E. Menard, K. J. Lee, D. Y. Khang, R. G. Nuzzo and J. A. Rogers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84,

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

개최요강

개최요강 55 2009. 5. ( ) ( ) < > 1. 1 2. 2. 2. 3 1) 3 2) 3 3) GC-MS 4. 5 1) 5 2) 5 3) ICP-OES 6 3. 7. 7 1) 7 2) 10. 13 1) 1g 13 2),,, 14 3), 15 4),, 15 4. 17 19 < > [ 1] 2 [ 2] ICP-OES 6 [ 3] 13 [ 4] 1g 13 [ 5]

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

<333620C1B6BFB5C8A32D582D C4C1C5D7C0CCB3CA20C8ADB9B0B0CBBBF6BDC3BDBAC5DBC0C720C0FCC0DABCB1C7FCB0A1BCD3B1E220C1D6BAAF20C4DCC5A9B8AEC6AE20C2F7C6F3BAAE20B3BB20B9E6BBE7C8ADBBFDBCBAB9B0BFA120B4EBC7D120B8F3C5D7C4ABB8A6B7CEB9FD20C6F2B0A12E6

<333620C1B6BFB5C8A32D582D C4C1C5D7C0CCB3CA20C8ADB9B0B0CBBBF6BDC3BDBAC5DBC0C720C0FCC0DABCB1C7FCB0A1BCD3B1E220C1D6BAAF20C4DCC5A9B8AEC6AE20C2F7C6F3BAAE20B3BB20B9E6BBE7C8ADBBFDBCBAB9B0BFA120B4EBC7D120B8F3C5D7C4ABB8A6B7CEB9FD20C6F2B0A12E6 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1035-1039, 2010 X-ray 컨테이너화물검색시스템의전자선형가속기주변콘크리트차폐벽내방사화생성물에대한몬테카를로법평가 조영호 1* 1 대구가톨릭대학교방사선학과 Monte carlo estimation of activation products induced in concrete shielding around

More information

. 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압

. 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압 . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : sec sec A . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m in radian m in ln sec 심장 발 기압 . 0. sec π . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : sec sec sec sec . 0.. Planck : sec : sec : : m p = 1u=931.5 MeV

More information

KAERIAR hwp

KAERIAR hwp - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - Photograph of miniature SiC p-n and Schottky diode detector Photograph SiC chip mounted on a standard electrical package Photograph of SiC neutron detector with

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특 한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Yun, Ilsoo (E-mail : ilsooyun@ajou.ac.kr) Oh, Cheol (E-mail : cheolo@hanyang.ac.k) Ahn, Hyunkyung (E-mail : anhyunkyung@ajou.ac.kr) Kim, Kyunghyun (E-mail : kk6661@ajou.ac.kr) Han, Eum (E-mail : hano3106@ajou.ac.kr)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

09-감마선(dh)

09-감마선(dh) Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected

More information

<C1A4B5B5B0FCB8AEB9AEC1A6312E687770>

<C1A4B5B5B0FCB8AEB9AEC1A6312E687770> 1. 감마카메라영상의균일도 (Uniformity) 에서변화가생겼을때제일먼저점검하여할사항으로옳은것은? 2 1 실내온도 2 설정된광절정 (Photopeak) 3 Collimator 이상 4 장비의오염유무 2. 방사성동위원소를이용하여 Bar Phantom의분리된구조물을구분해내는성능평가로옳은것은? 3 1 균일도 (Uniformity) 2 공간적직선성 (Spatial

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., - THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta

More information