PHP 로출력텍스트에는 echo 와 print 두가지기본문장이있습니다 In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text "Hello World". 위의예에서우리는텍스트 "Hello World

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1 PHP Syntax PHP 의구문 The PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent back to the browser. PHP 스크립트는서버에서실행되며, 일반 HTML 결과가브라우저로다시전송됩니다. Basic PHP Syntax 기본 PHP 구문 A PHP script always starts with and ends with. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. PHP 스크립트는항상시작 < 와 > 끝나야하며, PHP 스크립트는문서에삽입될수있습니다. On servers with shorthand-support, you can start a PHP script with <? and end with. 약칭 - 지원서버에서, 당신은 < 와 > 로끝나는 PHP 스크립트를시작할수있습니다. For maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the standard form () rather than the shorthand form. 최대의호환성을위해, 우리는 (<? PHP) 가아닌타자수당신이표준양식을사용하는것이좋습니다. A PHP file must have a.php extension. PHP 파일은. php 확장자가있어야합니다. A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. PHP 파일은일반적으로 HTML 태그, 일부 PHP 스크립트코드가포함되어있습니다. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script that sends the text "Hello World" back to the browser: 다음은텍스트전송하여브라우저에 'Hello World " 를보내는간단한 PHP 스크립트의예 : <html> <body> echo "Hello World"; </body> </html> Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another. PHP 의각코드줄은세미콜론으로끝나야합니다. 세미콜론은서로구분하고한세트를구별하는데사용됩니다. There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print.

2 PHP 로출력텍스트에는 echo 와 print 두가지기본문장이있습니다 In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text "Hello World". 위의예에서우리는텍스트 "Hello World" 를출력하는 echo 문을사용했습니다. Comments in PHP PHP 의코멘트 In PHP, we use // to make a one-line comment or /* and */ to make a comment block: PHP 에서우리는 // 로한줄댓글이나 /* 와 */ 로주석처리를할수있습니다. <html> <body> //This is a comment /* This is a comment block */ </body> </html> PHP Variables PHP 의변수 Variables are "containers" for storing information. 변수는저장정보에대한 "containers" 입니다. Do You Remember Algebra From School? 당신은학교에서대수학을기억하십니까? Do you remember algebra from school? x=5, y=6, z=x+y 당신은학교에서 X = 5, y = 6, Z = X + Y 와같은대수를기억하십니까? Do you remember that a letter (like x) could be used to hold a value (like 5), and that you could use the information above to calculate the value of z to be 11? 당신은 X문자가값5을보유하는데사용할수있다는사실과 11이 Z의값을계산하는것에위의정보를사용할수있는것을기억하십니까? These letters are called variables, and variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or expressions (z=x+y). 이문자는변수와변수값 (X = 5) 또는식 (Z = X + Y) 을보유하는데사용합니다.

3 As with algebra, PHP variables are used to hold values or expressions. 대수와마찬가지로, PHP 의변수값또는식을보유하는데사용됩니다. A variable can have a short name, like x, or a more descriptive name, like carname. 변수는 carname 같은 X 같은짧은이름, 또는더많은설명이포함된이름을가질수있습니다. Rules for PHP variable names: PHP 변수이름들의규칙 Variables in PHP starts with a $ sign, followed by the name of the variable PHP 에서변수는이름앞에 $ 기호로시작한다. The variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character 변수이름은문자나밑줄로시작해야한다. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ) 변수이름은문자와영문자및 숫자를포함하고밑줄할수있습니다. (A-Z, 0-9 그리고 _) A variable name should not contain spaces 변수이름에는공백이없어야합니다 Variable names are case sensitive (y and Y are two different variables) 변수이름은대소문자를구분합니다 (y 와 Y 는다른변수입니다 ) Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables ( 선언 ) PHP 변수만들기 PHP has no command for declaring a variable. PHP 는변수를선언에대한아무런명령어가없습니다. A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it: 변수는사용자가처음에값을할당하는순간생성됩니다. $mycar="volvo"; After the execution of the statement above, the variable mycar will hold the value Volvo. 위의문장의실행후변수 mycar 값이 Volvo 값을보유합니다. Tip: If you want to create a variable without assigning it a value, then you assign it the value of null 팁 : 만약당신이변수의값을지정하지않은채만든다면당신은그것에 null 값으로지정할수있다. Let's create a variable containing a string, and a variable containing a number 문자열을포함하는변수와숫자를포함하는변수를생성하자

4 $txt="hello World!"; $x=16; Note: When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around the value. 참고 : 이변수에텍스트값을지정하면이값주위에따옴표를넣어야한다. PHP is a Loosely Typed Language PHP 는느슨하게적용된언어입니다 In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it. PHP 에서변수는값을추가하기전에선언할필요가없습니다. In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which data type the variable is. 위의예에서, 우리는 PHP 의변수데이터형식에대해말할필요가없는것을확인할수있습니다. PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value. PHP 는자동으로그값에따라올바른데이터형식으로변수를변환합니다. In a strongly typed programming language, you have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it. 강력하게형식화된프로그래밍언어로, 당신이사용하기전에 ( 정의 ) 변수의종류와이름을선언해야합니다. PHP Variable Scope PHP 변수범위 The scope of a variable is the portion of the script in which the variable can be referenced. 변수의범위는변수가참조할수있는스크립트의부분이다. PHP has four different variable scopes: PHP 는네가지변수범위가있습니다 local global static parameter Local Scope Local 범위 A variable declared within a PHP function is local and can only be accessed within that function. (the variable has local scope): 선언변수에서 PHP 함수는 local 이며, 해당함수내에서액세스할수있습니다. ( 변수는지역범위가있습니다 ) $a = 5; // global scope

5 function mytest() echo $a; // local scope mytest(); The script above will not produce any output because the echo statement refers to the local scope variable $a, which has not been assigned a value within this scope. echo 문이범위내에서값을할당되지않은지역범위변수 $, 을의미하기때문에위의스크립트는출력문을생성하지않습니다. You can have local variables with the same name in different functions, because local variables are only recognized by the function in which they are declared. local 변수는그들이선언되어있는함수에의해인식되고있기때문에, 다른기능에동일한이름을가진지역변수를가질수있습니다. Local variables are deleted as soon as the function is completed. Local 변수는즉시함수가완료되면삭제됩니다. Global Scope Global 범위 Global scope refers to any variable that is defined outside of any function. Global 범위는함수의외부에서정의된변수를참조합니다 Global variables can be accessed from any part of the script that is not inside a function. Global 변수는함수내에뿐만아니라스크립트의어떤부분에서도액세스할수있습니다. To access a global variable from within a function, use the global keyword: 함수내에서 global 변수에액세스하려면사용하는 global 키워드 : $a = 5; $b = 10; function mytest() global $a, $b; $b = $a + $b; mytest(); echo $b;

6 The script above will output 15. 위의스크립트는 15 출력합니다. PHP also stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index]. Its index is the name of the variable. This array is also accessible from within functions and can be used to update global variables directly. PHP는 $ GLOBALS [ 인덱스 ] 라는배열에있는모든전역변수를저장합니다. 인덱스는변수의이름입니다. 이배열은함수내에서액세스할수있으며, 직접전역변수를업데이트하는데사용할수있습니다. The example above can be rewritten as this: 위의예는재작성될수있다. $a = 5; $b = 10; function mytest() $GLOBALS['b'] = $GLOBALS['a'] + $GLOBALS['b']; mytest(); echo $b; Static Scope Static 범위 When a function is completed, all of its variables are normally deleted. However, sometimes you want a local variable to not be deleted. 함수가완료되면, 그모든변수는일반적으로삭제됩니다. 그러나때때로당신은지역변수가삭제되지않게할수있습니다. To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the variable 먼저변수를선언할때이작업을수행하려면정적키워드를사용한다. static $rememberme; Then, each time the function is called, that variable will still have the information it contained from the last time the function was called. 그런다음함수가호출될때마다, 그변수는여전히함수가호출된마지막에포함되어있는정보를갖게됩니다. Note: The variable is still local to the function. 참고 : 변수는여전히로컬함수입니다. Parameters 매개변수

7 A parameter is a local variable whose value is passed to the function by the calling code. 매개변수값이호출코드에의해함수에전달되는로컬변수이다. Parameters are declared in a parameter list as part of the function declaration: 매개변수는함수선언의일부로매개변수목록에서선언됩니다. function mytest($para1,$para2,...) // function code Parameters are also called arguments. We will discuss them in more detail when we talk about functions. 매개변수는인수라고합니다. 우리는기능에대해이야기더자세히설명합니다. PHP String Variables PHP 의문자열변수 A string variable is used to store and manipulate text. 문자열변수는텍스트를저장하고조작하는데사용됩니다. String Variables in PHP PHP 에서문자열변수 String variables are used for values that contain characters. 문자열변수는문자가포함된값을사용합니다. In this chapter we are going to look at the most common functions and operators used to manipulate strings in PHP. 이장에서우리는 PHP 에서문자열을조작하는데사용되는가장일반적인함수와연산자볼것입니다. After we create a string we can manipulate it. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable. 우리가문자열을생성한후우리는그것을조작할수있습니다. 문자열함수에직접사용할수있는누군가가변수에저장될수있습니다. Below, the PHP script assigns the text "Hello World" to a string variable called $txt. 아래의 PHP 스크립트는 $txt 라는문자열변수에텍스트 Hello World" 를할당합니다. $txt="hello World"; echo $txt; The output of the code above will be: 위코드의출력은다음과같습니다. Hello World

8 Now, lets try to use some different functions and operators to manipulate the string. 이제문자열을조작하는몇가지다른함수와연산자를사용할수있습니다. The Concatenation Operator 결합연산자 There is only one string operator in PHP. PHP 에하나의문자열연산자가있습니다. The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together. 연결연산자 (.) 는두개의문자열값을넣을때사용됩니다. To concatenate two string variables together, use the concatenation operator: 두개의문자열변수를연결하려면, 연결연산자를사용한다. $txt1="hello World!"; $txt2="what a nice day!"; echo $txt1. " ". $txt2; The output of the code above will be: 위코드의출력은다음과같습니다 Hello World! What a nice day! If we look at the code above you see that we used the concatenation operator two times. This is because we had to insert a third string (a space character), to separate the two strings. 우리는위의코드를보면우리가결합연산자두번사용한것을확인할수있습니다. 우리는두개의문자열을분리하는, 세번째문자열 ( 공백문자 ) 를삽입했기때문입니다. The strlen() function strlen() 함수 The strlen() function is used to return the length of a string. strlen() 함수는문자열의길이를반환하는데사용됩니다. Let's find the length of a string. 문자열의길이를찾아보자. echo strlen("hello world!"); The output of the code above will be: 위코드의출력은다음과같습니다.

9 12 The length of a string is often used in loops or other functions, when it is important to know when the string ends. (i.e. in a loop, we would want to stop the loop after the last character in the string) 문자열의길이는종종루프또는다른기능에사용됩니다. 그것은문자열이끝날때알고하는것이중요합니다. ( 루프의예를들어문자열의마지막문자다음에루프를중지하는것 ) The strpos() function strpos () 함수 The strpos() function is used to search for a character/text within a string. strpos () 함수는문자열내문자 / 텍스트를검색하는데사용됩니다. If a match is found, this function will return the character position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE. 일치하는항목이발견되는경우, 이함수는첫번째경기의문자위치를반환합니다. 일치가발견되지않은경우는 FALSE 반환합니다. Let's see if we can find the string "world" in our string: 우리는문자열에서문자열 "world" 을찾을수있는지봅시다 : echo strpos("hello world!","world"); The output of the code above will be. 위코드의출력은다음과같습니다. 6 The position of the string "world" in the example above is 6. The reason that it is 6 (and not 7), is that the first character position in the string is 0, and not 1. 예에서문자열 " 세계 " 의위치는위의 6입니다. 7이아닌 6인이유는문자열의첫번째문자의위치는 0 아니면 1이기때문입니다. Complete PHP String Reference 전체 PHP 문자열참조 For a complete reference of all string functions, go to our complete PHP String Reference. 모든문자열함수의전체참조를위해우리는전체 PHP 문자열참조로이동합니다. The reference contains a brief description, and examples of use, for each function! 참조의각기능에대해간략한설명및사용예제가들어있습니다!

PHP Operators PHP 의연산자 The assignment operator = is used to assign values to variables in PHP.

Assignment Operators 할당연산자 The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=".

10 PHP Operators PHP 의연산자 The assignment operator = is used to assign values to variables in PHP. 할당연산자 = 는 PHP 의변수에값을할당하는데사용됩니다. The arithmetic operator + is used to add values together. 산술연산자 + 는값을추가하는데사용됩니다. Arithmetic Operators 산술연산자 The table below lists the arithmetic operators in PHP: 아래표는 PHP 의산술연산자를나타냅니다. Assignment Operators 할당연산자 The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right. That is, the value of "$x = 5" is 5. PHP의기본할당연산자는 "=" 입니다. 그것은왼쪽피연산자가오른쪽에있는표현식의값으로설정되는것을의미합니다. 즉, "$ X = 5" 의 X값이 5입니다. Incrementing/Decrementing Operators 증가 / 감소연산자

11 Comparison Operators 비교연산자 Comparison operators allows you to compare two values: 비교연산자는두값을비교할수있습니다 Logical Operators 논리연산자 Array Operators 배열연산자

12 PHP If...Else Statements PHP if...else 문 Conditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions. 조건부진술은여러조건에따라서로다른작업을수행하는데사용됩니다. Conditional Statements 조건부문 Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. 매우자주코드를작성하면당신은결정에대해서로다른작업을수행할수있습니다. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. 당신은이작업을수행하는코드에서조건구문을사용할수있습니다. In PHP we have the following conditional statements: PHP 에서우리는다음과같은조건문장이있습니다. if statement - use this statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true if 문 - 지정된조건이참인경우에만일부코드를실행하려면이문을사용 if...else statement - use this statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if the condition is false if...else 문 - 조건이사실인경우와조건이거짓인경우같이일부코드를실행하려면이문을사용 if...elseif...else statement - use this statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed if...elseif...else 문 - 실행되는코드의여러블록중하나를선택하려면이문을사용 switch statement - use this statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed switch 문 - 실행하는코드의여러블록중하나를선택하려면이문을사용 The if Statement if 문 Use the if statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true. 지정된조건이참인경우에만문이몇가지코드를실행하는경우사용합니다. if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true; The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday: 다음예는현재금요일인경우 "Have a nice weekend" 을출력합니다. <html> <body> $d=date("d");

13 if ($d=="fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!"; </body> </html> Notice that there is no..else.. in this syntax. The code is executed only if the specified condition is true...else.. 에구문이없다는것을주의.. 이구문인치코드는실행지정된조건이참인경우에만실행된다. The if...else Statement if...else 문 Use the if...else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false. if...else문을사용하여다른진술을하는조건이거짓인경우조건이사실과다른코드일부를실행합니다. if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true; else code to be executed if condition is false; Example 예 The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!": 다음예는현재금요일인경우 "Have a nice weekend!" 을출력합니다. 그렇지않으면 "Have a nice day!" 를출력합니다. <html> <body> $d=date("d"); if ($d=="fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!"; else echo "Have a nice day!";

14 </body> </html> The if...elseif...else Statement if...elseif...else 문 Use the if...elseif...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed. 실행하는코드의여러블록중하나를선택하려면 if... elseif... else 문을사용합니다. if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true; elseif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true; else code to be executed if condition is false; Example 예 The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, and "Have a nice Sunday!" if the current day is Sunday. Otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!": 다음예는현재금요일이면 "Have a nice weekend!" 를출력합니다. 그리고현재일요일경우 "Have a nice Sunday!" 를출력하고그렇지않으면 "Have a nice day!" 를출력합니다. <html> <body> $d=date("d"); if ($d=="fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!"; elseif ($d=="sun") echo "Have a nice Sunday!"; else echo "Have a nice day!";

15 </body> </html> PHP Switch Statement PHP Switch 문 Conditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions. 조건부진술은여러조건에따라서로다른작업을수행하는데사용됩니다. The PHP Switch Statement PHP Switch 문 Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed. 실행하는코드의여러블록중하나를선택하는 switch 문을사용합니다. switch (n) case label1: code to be executed if n=label1; break; case label2: code to be executed if n=label2; break; default: code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2; This is how it works, First we have a single expression n (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that case is executed. Use break to prevent the code from running into the next case automatically. The default statement is used if no match is found. Example 예이작동방법은다음과같습니다, 처음에우리는하나의식 n( 가장자주쓰는변수 ) 그는한번계산됩니다. 표현식의값은다음구조의각각의경우에대한값으로비교하고일치가있는경우, 해당사건과관련된코드블록이실행됩니다. 연산이끝나면자동으로코드가실행되는것을방지하기위해 break를사용합니다. 일치한값이발견되지않은경우기본구문이사용됩니다. <html> <body> $x=1; switch ($x)

16 case 1: echo "Number 1"; break; case 2: echo "Number 2"; break; case 3: echo "Number 3"; break; default: echo "No number between 1 and 3"; </body> </html>

step 1-1

step 1-1 Written by Dr. In Ku Kim-Marshall STEP BY STEP Korean 1 through 15 Action Verbs Table of Contents Unit 1 The Korean Alphabet, hangeul Unit 2 Korean Sentences with 15 Action Verbs Introduction Review Exercises