untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera Soo Mee Kim Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Since a Compton camera has high detection sensitivity due to electronic collimation and a good energy resolution, it is a potential imaging system for nuclear medicine. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a Compton camera for multi-tracer imaging and proposed a rotating Compton camera to satisfy Orlov s condition for 3D imaging. Two software phantoms of 140 and 511 kev radiation sources were used for Monte-Carlo simulation and then the simulation data were reconstructed by listmode ordered subset expectation maximization to evaluate the capability of multi-tracer imaging in a Compton camera. And the Compton camera rotating around the object was proposed and tested with different rotation angle steps for improving the limited coverage of the fixed conventional Compton camera over the field-of-view in terms of histogram of angles in spherical coordinates. The simulation data showed the separate 140 and 511 kev images from simultaneous multi-tracer detection in both 2D and 3D imaging and the number of valid projection lines on the conical surfaces was inversely proportional to the decrease of rotation angle. Considering computation load and proper number of projection lines on the conical surface, the rotation angle of 30 degree was sufficient for 3D imaging of the Compton camera in terms of 26 min of computation time and 5 million of detected event number and the increased detection time can be solved with multiple Compton camera system. The Compton camera proposed in this study can be effective system for multi-tracer imaging and is a potential system for development of various disease diagnosis and therapy approaches. Key Words: Compton camera, Multi-tracer imaging, Rotating Compton camera, Multiple Compton camera, Electronic collimation 서 핵의학에서방사성추적자 (radio-tracer) 를이용한분자영상법은인체내생리학적변화를반영하는현상을촬영하는비침습적영상법 (non-invasive imaging) 으로질병의진단및치료에있어널리사용되며그중요성이날로가중되고있다. 1-6) 인체내관심영역에축적된방사성추적자를검출하기위하여단일광자방출단층촬영법 (single photon emission This work was supported by the Nuclear Research & Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (grant code: , , ) and NRF Korea grant (NRF E00045) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST) of Korea. Received 2 January 2015, Revised 2 March 2015, Accepted 10 March 2015 Correspondence: Soo Mee Kim (smeekim@uw.edu) Tel: , Fax: cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 론 computed tomography: SPECT) 이나양전자방출단층촬영법 (positron emission tomography: PET) 이활발히사용되고있다. 7-9) 본논문에서연구하는컴프턴카메라 (Compton camera) 는방사성추적자로부터방출된일정한에너지를가진광자들을컴프턴산란현상을이용하여검출할수있는시스템이다 ) 핵의학영상을제공하는 SPECT 및 PET과비교해볼때컴프턴카메라는고민감도 (high sensitivity) 및고에너지해상도 (high energy resolution) 의잠재력을가진영상시스템이다. SPECT는광자의검출방향을결정하기위하여물리적조준법 (physical collimation) 을사용하므로검출민감도의손실을가져오는반면, 컴프턴카메라는전자적조준법 (electronic collimation) 을사용하므로검출손실을피하고민감도를향상시켜결과적으로영상의신호대잡음비를높일수있다. 511 kev의단일에너지광자들의동시검출을기반으로영상화하는 PET과달리, 컴프턴카메라는검출원리상뛰어난에너지분해능을가진검출기를요구하므로서로다른에너지의방사선을구분하여동시영상화할수

2 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 있는다중추적자영상화 (multi-tracer imaging) 가가능한시스템이다 ) 민감도는핵의학영상의질을결정하는중요한시스템적요인중의하나이다. 민감도를향상시킴으로써저선량의방사선으로기존의영상의질을유지하거나혹은동일한방사선량으로검사시간을단축시켜환자의움직임을줄이고저비용의핵의학영상촬영이가능하게한다. 암및뇌질환의진단및치료계획에있어널리사용되는핵의학영상은질병의경과및예후평가를위하여반복적촬영이종종요구되며반복촬영으로인하여증가된방사선조사량및검사비용은환자에게부담이되고있다. 고민감도를제공하는컴프턴카메라는 SPECT 혹은 PET이이용되는핵의학분야에서저선량및저비용의핵의학영상촬영이가능하게한다. 또한각종 PET/SPECT용리포터유전자및새로운의약품및방사성추적자개발, 각종질병모델에대한이해, 새로운치료방법의효과판정을위하여최적의방사성추적자에대한선이해가필요한경우, 다양한방사성동위원소를표지하여동시에검출할수있는다중추적자영상법은큰도움이될것이다. 고에너지해상도를제공하는컴프턴카메라를이용하면 SPECT 및 PET의주요에너지인 140 및 511 kev뿐아니라다양한에너지를가진다중추적자들을동시검출함으로유용한최적의방사성추적자를찾을수있다. 이러한다중추적자영상기법에대한가능성을확인하기위하여본논문에서는다중추적자영상을위한소프트웨어모형을개발하고몬테카를로전산모사데이터를이용하여핵의학영상의주요검출에너지인 140 및 511 kev의다중추적자영상을위한컴프턴카메라의효용성을검증할것이다. 또한산란부와흡수부를평행하게위치시킨고정된컴프턴카메라는두검출기의물리적크기의제한으로 인하여모든방향으로방출되는광자를제한적으로검출하는단점이있다. 이러한현상은영상재구성시그대로전이되어두검출기가놓인축을따라 3차원영상의질이저하되는것으로알려져있다. 이를해결하는한방법은산란부및흡수부의크기를물리적으로무한하게증가시키는것이다. 두검출기는주로에너지분해능이우수한반도체검출기를사용하므로두검출기의크기증가는비용측면뿐아니라현실적인측면에서비효율적인방법이다. 본논문에서는충분한데이터를얻으며보다정확한영상을재구성하기위하여촬영대상주위 360 o 를회전하는컴프턴카메라를구성하며컴프턴카메라의회전각도샘플링에대한전략을연구할것이다. 최적의회전각도샘플링을결정하기위하여구좌표계의각도 (, ϕ) 의 2차원히스토그램을평가할것이다. 재료및방법일반적으로컴프턴카메라는 Fig. 1에서보는바와같이산란부 (scatterer) 와흡수부 (absorber) 검출기의배열로구성되며두검출기의동시검출을통하여유효이벤트를검출하게된다. 산란부검출기는인체내에서방출된광자의컴프턴산란 (Compton scattering) 현상을일으키며검출기내산란된위치와산란될때발생한에너지손실을검출하게된다. 산란후손실된에너지만큼초기입사방향이바뀐광자는흡수부검출기에서완전하게검출되게된다. 두검출기에서동시검출된위치와측정된에너지들로부터계산된산란각을이용하여광자의초기방출위치를추정하게된다. 즉산란부의검출위치를정점으로갖는타원추를재구성될영상공간으로반대로투사하여타원추표면상에서광자가방출되어검출되었음을모델링하는것이다. Fig. 1. Two-dimensional circular disk software phantom containing two radiation sources of 140 and 511 kev energies for multi-tracer imaging simulation

3 Soo Mee Kim:Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera 1. 다중추적자영상기법의몬테카를로전산모사 Fig. 1은다중추적자영상을위한몬테카를로전산모사용소프트웨어모형의구성도를나타내고있다. 5 cm의지름을가진원형디스크팬텀안에는 140 kev의에너지를가지는배경선원이균일하게분포하여있으며디스크팬텀의중심에다른에너지인 511 kev의점선원 (point source) 이위치하였다. 몬테카를로전산모사시, 원형디스크팬텀은컴프턴카메라로부터 6 cm의거리에위치하였다. 컴프턴카메라는 DSSD (double-sided silicon strip detector) 산란부와 25-SEGD (25-segmented germanium detector) 흡수부검출기로구성되었다. DSSD 산란부는 16 16의격자로이루어진검출기배열이며각격자의크기는 mm의너비와 1.5 mm의두께이다. 5 5 격자로이루어진 25-SEGD 흡수부의각검출기격자의크기는 10 mm의너비와 20 mm의두께이며산란부검출기로부터 5 cm의간격을두고위치하였다. 해상도저하를일으키는모든조건, 즉검출위치의샘플링, 에너지해상도및도플러퍼짐현상이모두포함된몬테카를로전산모사데이터를얻었다. 19) 몬테카를로전산모사를수행한컴퓨터의사양은 2.2 GHz의 AMD 애슬론 X 이중코어 CPU와 4 GB의메모리이다. 총 과 10배로증가한 개수의몬테카를로전산모사데이터를얻었으며각몬테카를로전산모사에서 140과 511 kev의에너지별검출된이벤트수의비율은 1:13이다. 몬테카를로전사모사후얻어진데이터를두에너지로구분한뒤각에너지의데이터를 10개의부분집합으로구성된리스트모드배열된부분집합기댓값최대화 (listmode ordered subset expectation maximization: LMOSEM) 알고리즘의 10번반복연산을수행하여재구성하였다 ) LMOSEM 은리스트모드로저장된데이터에적용하는 OSEM 재구성방법이며검출된컴프턴리스트모드데이터를주어진개수 의부분집합으로등분한뒤각부분집합에해당하는데이터를이용하여반복적으로기댓값최대화재구성방법을수행하는방법이다. 각에너지별로재구성한후최종다중추적자영상을얻기위하여각재구성한두에너지의재구성결과를더하였다. Fig. 2는다중추적자영상기법을위한 3차원원통형소프트웨어모형을나타내고있다. 8 cm의지름과 5 cm의길이를가지고있는원통형모형은 140 kev의배경선원을균일하게분포할수있도록고안되었다. 그리고원통형모형안에는 4개의다른지름을가진구선원이포함되어있다. 4개의구는 511 kev의다른에너지를가진선원으로채워져있다. 각구의지름은각각 3.2, 4.2, 5.4, 7 mm이며직경 4 cm의원둘레에각구의중심이위치하고있다. 3차원원통형모형을산란부로부터 6 cm만큼위치시키고몬테카를로전산모사를통하여얻어진총이벤트수는 919,270이다. 총검출이벤트내 140과 511 kev 에너지의데이터비율은 98:1이다. 2. 다중컴프턴카메라시스템의몬테카를로전산모사 Fig. 3에나타난바와같이 DSSD 산란부및 25-SEGD 흡수부검출기가평행하게위치한컴프턴카메라를 z-축에대하여촬영대상주위로 ΔR ϕ 만큼회전하여광자를검출한다. 컴프턴카메라에대한최적의회전각도 ΔR ϕ 를구하기위하여 Fig. 4와같이각검출위치및산란각에대하여정의된타원추표면을정점을지나는여러투사선으로샘플링하였다. 타원추표면에놓인각샘플된투사선의방향벡터 D(D x,d y,d z) 는식 (1) 과같이구좌표계좌표 (r,,ϕ) 로표현할수있다. θϕ θϕ ϕ = ϕ ϕ (1) θϕ θϕ θ Fig. 2. Three-dimensional cylindrical software phantom and 4 spheres (dia.=3.2, 4.2, 5.4, 7.0 mm) containing two radiation sources of 140 and 511 kev energies for multi-tracer imaging simulation

4 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 식 (1) 에서 r은방향벡터 D의크기를나타내며, 구좌표계의각도 (,ϕ) 는 x-축에놓인기준벡터 R(r,0,0) 을회전하여계산하였다. 즉, 식 (1) 에서각샘플된투사선의방향벡터 D는기준벡터 R을 (,ϕ) 만큼회전한벡터이다. 샘플된투사선의방향벡터 D는 Fig. 4에서나타난바와같이두검출위치 P 1(x 1,y 1,z 1) 과 P 2(x 2,y 2,z 2) 로부터주어진다. 샘플된투사선의방향벡터 D와기준벡터 R이주어지면구좌표계의파라미터인크기 r과각도 와 ϕ를각각식 (2) 와같이계산하였다. 는 z-축으로부터이루는각도이며범위는 이며 ϕ는 x-y 평면내에서 x-축과이루는각도로범위는 0 ϕ 360 이다. θ ϕ (2) 몬테카를로전산모사에서사용된컴프턴카메라의두검출기는 5 cm 거리를가지고평행하게위치하였으며두검출기의면적은 5 5 cm 2 이다. 산란부와흡수부의검출위치는 16 16의격자배열로구성되었으며측정된산란각은 사이를 32개의이산각으로샘플링하였다. 모든검출위치및산란각으로정의된타원추표면은 120개의투사선으로균일하게샘플링하였다. 주어진시스템에서재구성될영상공간의부피는 cm 3 이며영상공간에포함되는반지름이 5 cm인구를지나는타원추표면의샘플된투사선을유효투사선으로간주하였다. 모든타원추상의샘플된투사선에대하여방향벡터의구좌표계각도 (,ϕ) 를계산하고각도에대한 2차원히스토그램을구성하여보다정확한영상을재구성하기위한컴프턴카메라의최적의회전각도 ΔR ϕ 를결정하였다. 히스토그램은 의배열크기를가지며계산된각도 와 ϕ는각각 1 o 와 2 o 로샘플링하였다. 결 과 1. 다중추적자영상기법의효용성평가 Fig. 3. Rotating Compton camera around z-axis with a rotation angle of ΔR ϕ. Fig. 5는 140과 511 kev의두에너지에대한재구성된영상을더한최종재구성된다중추적자영상을나타내고있다. Fig. 5a와 b는 10배의신호대잡음비의차이를두고몬테카를로전산모사한데이터의재구성결과이다. 컴프턴카메라자체의해상도저하가재구성된영상에그대로영향을미치고있지만 511 kev의점선원과 140 kev의균일한배경선원의구분이잘되는것을확인할수가있다. Fig. 5a와 b를비교해보면 10배의총이벤트수를가진 b의결과영상이 LMOSEM 재구성방법의모든반복횟수에서보다좋은 Fig. 4. Sampling technique of lines on conical surface defined with two detection positions and a scattering angle and the corresponding angles and ϕ of the sampled lines in spherical coordinate

5 Soo Mee Kim:Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera Fig. 5. Multi-tracer images reconstructed from the Monte-Carlo simulation data of 2D circular disk of 140 kev and a point source of 511 kev: total event number of (a) (98K) and (b) (980K). 신호대잡음비를유지하였다. Fig. 6은 3차원원통형모형에대한다중추적자영상을나타내고있다. 두에너지 511과 140 kev에대한각재구성영상을 a와 b에나타내고있으며 c는 a와 b를더한최종다중추적자영상을나타내고있다. Fig. 6a에서 4개의구선원데이터는 10개의부분집합으로구분한뒤 5번의 LMOSEM 을수행하였다. Fig. 6b는 50개의부분집합과 1번의반복연산후 LMOSEM으로재구성된원통형배경선원의영상이다. 두에너지에대해데이터구분이잘이루어진것을재구성된영상에서확인할수있다. 2. 다중컴프턴카메라시스템의최적화평가 Fig. 7a와 b는각각 x-축에고정된컴프턴카메라와 z-축을중심으로회전각도 ΔR ϕ=10 o 만큼회전하는컴프턴카메라의검출된타원추표면상의샘플된투사선들에일치하는각도 와 ϕ의히스토그램을나타낸다. Fig. 7에나타난바와같이 x-축에고정된컴프턴카메라와비교하여 z-축을중심으로회전하는컴프턴카메라는 cm 3 의영상공간을표현하기에보다충분한유효투사선을포함하는것을확인할수있다. 또한검출된유효이벤트수는고정된

6 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 Fig. 6. Multi-tracer images reconstructed from the Monte-Carlo simulation data of 3D cylindrical phantom: (a) four spheres of 511 kev, (b) uniform cylinder of 140 kev, (c) summed multi-tracer image of 3D cylindrical phantom (top: y-z planes, bottom: x-y planes of the reconstructed images). Fig. 7. Histogram of spherical angles and ϕ for the sampled lines on the detected conical surfaces: (a) fixed Compton camera at x-axis and (b) rotating Compton camera around z-axis with an angle ΔR ϕ=10. 컴프턴카메라의경우 이며회전하는컴프턴카메라는 로 33배증가한이벤트수를검출하였다. Fig. 8은 z-축을중심으로회전하는컴프턴카메라의회전각도 ΔR ϕ 가 90, 45, 30, 그리고 10 일때 (,ϕ) 의 2차원히스토그램을나타낸것이다. 각히스토그램을비교해볼 때 ΔR ϕ 가작을수록 x-y 평면상에놓인각도 ϕ의균일한검출분포를보였다. ΔR ϕ=90 (Fig. 8a) 를기준으로할때 ΔR ϕ 에반비례하여유효투사선과검출시간이증가하였다. 즉, 회전각도 90 과 10 의 Fig. 8a와 d를비교해볼때, 회전각도가 9배만큼감소하면유효투사선은 에서

7 Soo Mee Kim:Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera Fig. 8. Histogram of spherical angles and ϕ for the sampled lines on the detected conical surfaces in rotating Compton camera with (a) ΔR ϕ=90, (b) ΔR ϕ= 45, (c) ΔR ϕ=30, (d) ΔR ϕ= 로, 검출시간은 8.8분에서 80.2분으로 9배증가하였다. ΔR ϕ=10 (Fig. 8d) 일때가장균일한히스토그램을보였다. 고찰및결론본연구에서는컴프턴카메라를이용한다중추적자영상화의효용성을검증하고자원형디스크와원통형소프트웨어모형에대한몬테카를로전산모사를수행하였으며핵의학영상법의주요에너지인 140과 511 kev의에너지를동시검출하는다중추적자영상을얻었다. 3차원소프트웨어모형의몬테카를로전산모사결과를보이는 Fig. 6에서컴프턴카메라의두검출기표면에평행하는 yz-단면에비교하여수직하는 xy-단면에서 y-축을따라영상이잘복원되지않는것을확인할수있다. 이는 x-축에놓인고정된컴프턴카메라가 y-축에평행하는투사선을검출할수없는 제한점이있기때문에 3차원재구성시투사선검출손실의축을따라복원력이저하되는것으로보인다. 이는 3차원영상공간에대한정확한단면촬영을위한 Orlov의조건을현컴프턴카메라의검출구조가충족시키지못하기때문이다. 22) 본연구에서는보다정확한 3차원단면영상의재구성에필요한 Orlov 조건을충족시키기위하여, 즉 Fig. 6의 y-축을따라저하되는복원력을보완하기위하여기존의컴프턴카메라를 z-축을중심으로회전하는시스템을조사하였다. 고정된컴프턴카메라에서손실된투사선을검출하여 Orlov 조건을만족시키고회전으로인하여증가된검출시간및불필요한중복검출을최소화기위하여컴프턴카메라에대한최적의회전각도 ΔR ϕ 를결정할필요가있다. 이를위하여검출된타원추표면을정점을통과하는투사선으로샘플링하고샘플된투사선의방향벡터에대한구좌표계각도 (,ϕ) 의 2차원히스토그램을비교하였다. Fig. 8에나타난

8 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 바와같이 ΔR ϕ=10 의히스토그램에서가장균일한양상을보이는반면, 회전각도의감소비율에따라검출된이벤트의개수와검출시간이반비례하여증가하였다. 26분의계산시간및 5백만개의유효투사선의개수를고려할때 ΔR ϕ=30 로회전하는컴프턴카메라시스템이핵의학영상을위하여현실적으로적절할것으로보인다. 그러나회전하는컴프턴카메라를핵의학영상법으로이용하기위하여회전으로인한검사시간및재구성시간의증가를고려해야한다. 컴프턴카메라를실제로구축할때, 한대의컴프턴카메라로 30 로회전하면 12번의반복촬영을해야하는반면다중컴프턴카메라로시스템을구축하면사용된컴프턴카메라의개수만큼촬영시간을단축시킬수있다. 예로 3대의컴프턴카메라로시스템을구축하고 30 만큼동시에회전하면 (2.5 min/rotation) 10분내에전체촬영을완료할수있게된다. 또한회전으로인하여증가한검출이벤트개수는리스트모드데이터의크기가커짐을의미하며재구성법인 LMOSEM에서가장많은계산시간을소요하는시스템모델의계산량을크게증가시킴을의미한다. 재구성시간의상당한증가를해결하기위하여다중 CPU 및 GPU (graphics processing unit) 를이용한병렬연산이요구되며 GPU를이용한컴프터카메라의병렬연산에대한연구가보고된바있다. 23) 본논문에서제안한고민감도와고에너지해상도를제공할수있는컴프턴카메라를이용할때보다정확한단면영상을제공하는 3차원다중추적자영상법이가능하며컴프턴카메라의다양한응용연구분야를개척하는중요한근거자료가될것으로기대된다. Fig. 5와 6의다중추적자영상에서 SPECT 및 PET의주요검출에너지인 140과 511 kev 의광자들이잘검출되는결과를통하여기존핵의학분야에대한컴프턴카메라의응용이상당히가능성이있음을확인하였다. 컴프턴카메라가실제임상응용이가능한예는 Tl-201 (72 kev) 과 Tc-99m (140 kev) 화합물을이용한기저및부하심근관류 SPECT 영상법이다 ) 기존감마카메라의에너지해상도로는산란된 Tc-99m 광자가 Tl-201 에너지윈도우에들어가는혼선효과를완벽하게제거할수없기때문에, 연속된두번의기저및부하심근관류영상촬영을하고있다. 컴프턴카메라의고민감도및고에너지해상도의장점은짧은시간에두영상을동시에얻게하므로검사시간을단축시키고부수적으로환자의움직임등을최소화할수있다. 본논문의결과를기반으로 Tc-99m과 Tl-201의심근관류영상검사를위한컴프턴카메라의가능성을평가할것이며특히에너지차이가크지않은두검 출선원의동시검출시 SPECT에비교하여얼마나에너지윈도우의혼선효과를해소할수있는지평가할수있는추가연구가요구된다. References 1. Gambhir SS, Barrio JR, Herschman HR, Phelps ME: Assays for noninvasive imaging of reporter gene expression. Nucl Med Biol 26: (1999). 2. Phelps ME: Nuclear medicine, molecular imaging, and molecular medicine. J Nucl Med 43:13N-14N (2002). 3. Rudin M, Weissleder R: Molecular imaging in drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2: (2003). 4. Cherry S: In vivo molecular and genomic imaging: new challenges for imaging physics. Phys Med Biol 49:R13-R48 (2004). 5. Fullerton GD, Hazle JD: The development of technologies for molecular imaging should be driven principally by biological questions to be addressed rather than by simply modifying existing imaging technologies. For the proposition. Med Phys 32: (2005). 6. Schelbert HR: Nuclear Medicine at a Crossroads. J Nucl Med 52:10S-15S (2011) 7. Cherry SR, Sorenson JA, Phelps ME: Physics in Nuclear Medicine. 3rd ed, Saunders (2003). 8. Phelps ME: PET - molecular imaging and its biological applications. Springer New York (2004). 9. Bailey DL, Townsend DW, Valk PE, Maisey MN: Positron emission tomography - basic sciences. Springer Longdon (2005). 10. Todd RW, Nightingale JM, Everett DB: A proposed Gamma camera. Nature 251: (1974). 11. Singh M: An electronically collimated gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography: Part1 and 2. Med Phys 10: (1983). 12. Phillips GW: Gamma-ray imaging with Compton cameras. Nucl Instr and Meth B 99: (1995). 13. Yang YF, Gono Y, Motomura S, Enomoto S, Yano Y: A Compton camera for multitracer imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 48: (2001). 14. Motomura S, Kanayama Y, Haba H, Watanabe Y, Enomoto S: Multiple molecular simultaneous imaging in a live mouse using semiconductor Compton camera. J Anal AT Spectrom 23: (2008). 15. Motomura S, Fukuchi T, Kanayama Y, Haba H, Watanabe Y, Enomoto S: Three-dimensional tomographic imaging by semiconductor Compton camera GREI for multiple molecular simultaneous imaging. Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec. 2009, Orlando, FL, USA, pp Seo H, Kim CH, Park JH, et al: Multitracing capability of double-scattering Compton imager with NaI(Tl) scintillator absorber. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 57: (2010). 17. Uche CZ, Round WH, Cree MJ: Evaluation of detector material and radiation source position on Compton camera's ability for multitracer imaging. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 35:

9 Soo Mee Kim:Multi-tracer Imaging of a Compton Camera (2012). 18. Motomura S, Kanayama Y, Hiromura M, et al: Improved imaging performance of a semiconductor Compton camera GREI makes for a new methodology to integrate bio-metal analysis and molecular imaging technology in living organisms. J Anal At Spectrom 28: (2013). 19. Lee SH, Park JH, Park SH, et al: CIS - a GUI-based software system for Monte Carlo simulation of Compton camera. Nucl Technol 168:55-60 (2009). 20. Wilderman SJ, Rogers WL, Knoll GF, Engdahl JC: Fast algorithm for list mode back-projection of Compton scatter camera data. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 45: (1998). 21. Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee CS, et al: Fully three-dimensional OSEM-based image reconstruction for Compton imaging using optimized ordering schemes. Phys Med Biol 55: (2010). 22. Orlov SS: Theory of three-dimensional reconstruction. 1. Conditions for a complete set of projections. Sov Phys-Crystallogr 20: (1975). 23. Nguyen V-G, Lee S-J, Lee MN: GPU-accelerated 3D Bayesian image reconstruction from Compton scattered data. Phys Med Biol 56: (2011). 24. Lowe VJ, Greer KL, Hanson MW, Jaszczak RJ, Coleman RE: Cardiac phantom evaluation of simultaneously acquired dual-isotope rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m SPECT images. J Nucl Med 34: (1993) 25. Berman DS, Kiat H, Friedman JD, et al: Separate acquisition rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography: a clinical validation study. J American College of Cardio 22: (1993). 26. Cao ZJ, Chen CC, Maunoury C, Holder LE, Abraham TC, Tehan A: Phantom evaluation of simultaneous thallium- 201/technetium-99m aquisition in single-photon emission tomography. European J Nucl Med 23: (1996). 27. Siebelink HM, Natale D, Sinusas AJ, Wackers F: Quantitative comparison of single-isotope and dual-isotope stressrest single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging for reversibility of defects. J Nucl Cardio 3: (1996) 28. Hannequin P, Weinmann P, Mas J, Vinot S: Preliminary clinical results of photon energy recovery in simultaneous rest TI-201/stress Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial SPECT. J Nucl Cardio 8: (2001). 29. Segall G: Assessment of myocardial viability by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Commun 23: (2002) 30. Groutars RG, Verzijlbergen FJ, Zwinderman AH, et al: Incremental prognostic value of myocardial SPET with dual-isotope rest 201Tl/stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin. European J Nucl Med 29:46-52 (2002). 31. Weinmann P, Faraggi M, Moretti J-L, Hannequin P: Clinical validation of simultaneous dual-isotope myocardial scintigraphy. European J Nucl Med and Molecular Imag 30:25-31 (2003)

10 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 다중추적자영상을위한컴프턴카메라 워싱턴주립대학교방사선학과 김수미 컴프턴산란현상을이용하여전자적집속방법으로영상화하는컴프턴카메라는고민감도및고에너지해상도의장점을이용하여핵의학응용분야에대한잠재력이큰영상시스템이다. 본논문에서는컴프턴카메라를이용한다중추적자영상의효용성평가와정확한 3차원단면영상촬영을위한 Orlov 조건을만족하는회전하는컴프턴카메라의구조를조사하였다. 140/511 kev의방사선원의소프트웨어모형을구성하고이에대한몬테카를로전산모사시뮬레이션을수행하여리스트모드배열된부분집합기댓값최대화방법으로재구성된다중추적자영상으로컴프턴카메라의효용성을검증하였다. 산란부와흡수부를평행하게위치시킨고정된컴프턴카메라와촬영대상주위 360 o 를회전하는컴프턴카메라를구성하여검출된투사선의구좌표계각도에대한히스토그램을비교평가하였다. 140/511 kev의동시계측된몬테카를로전산모사데이터의다중추적자영상이 2차원및 3차원재구성시잘구분되는것을확인하였으며, 회전된컴프턴카메라의경우, 회전각도에반비례하여 3차원영상재구성에필요한유효투사선이증가하였다. 26분의계산시간및 5백만개의적절한유효투사선의개수를고려할때컴프턴카메라의회전각은 30 가현실적으로적절할것이며증가한검출시간은다중컴프턴카메라를구성하여해결할수있다. 본논문에서고찰한고민감도및고에너지해상도를가진컴프턴카메라는다중추적자영상화를위해적합한시스템이며생화학및생리학적상태변화에대한임상정보를제공하며각종질병진단및치료방법개발등에기여할수있는잠재력이있는영상시스템이다. 중심단어 : 컴프턴카메라, 다중추적자영상법, 회전용컴프턴카메라, 다중컴프턴카메라, 전자적집속방법

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸ A Study on the Automation of Classification of Volume Reconstruction for CT Images S.M. Park 1, I.S. Hong 2, D.S. Kim 1, D.Y. Kim 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 2 Dept. of Radiology,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â Representation, Encoding and Intermediate View Interpolation Methods for Multi-view Video Using Layered Depth Images The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

63-69±è´ë¿µ

63-69±è´ë¿µ Study on the Shadow Effect of 3D Visualization for Medical Images ased on the Texture Mapping D.Y. Kim, D.S. Kim, D.K. Shin, D.Y. Kim 1 Dept. of iomedical Engineering, Yonsei University = bstract = The

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

untitled

untitled 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇 2006. 12. 7. 특허청전기전자심사본부유비쿼터스심사팀 장기정 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇 1 Omnidirectional Cameras 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇 2 With Fisheye Lens 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇 3 With Multiple Cameras 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇 4 With Mirrors 전방향카메라와자율이동로봇

More information

<C1A4B5B5B0FCB8AEB9AEC1A6312E687770>

<C1A4B5B5B0FCB8AEB9AEC1A6312E687770> 1. 감마카메라영상의균일도 (Uniformity) 에서변화가생겼을때제일먼저점검하여할사항으로옳은것은? 2 1 실내온도 2 설정된광절정 (Photopeak) 3 Collimator 이상 4 장비의오염유무 2. 방사성동위원소를이용하여 Bar Phantom의분리된구조물을구분해내는성능평가로옳은것은? 3 1 균일도 (Uniformity) 2 공간적직선성 (Spatial

More information

(JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018) (Regular Paper) 23 5, (JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018) ISSN

(JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018) (Regular Paper) 23 5, (JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018)   ISSN (JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018) (Regular Paper) 23 5, 2018 9 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.5.636 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) The

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

05-공정 내(dh)

05-공정 내(dh) Journal of Radiation Industry 8 (1) : 23~27 (2014) Note 공정내기포가산업용 SPECT 의성능에미치는영향 박장근 정성희 * 김종범 문진호 김찬형 1 한국원자력연구원동위원소이용기술개발부, 1 한양대학교원자력공학과 Influence of Void on Performance of Industrial SPECT System

More information

<494352503131335FC1F8B9E6B1B3C0B02E687770>

<494352503131335FC1F8B9E6B1B3C0B02E687770> ICRP 간행물 113 진단 및 중재 절차를 위한 방사선방호 교육훈련 Education and Training in Radiological Protection for Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures 대한방사선방어학회 이 번역본 발간은 2011년도 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전기술 개 발사업 과제 지원(한국동위원소협회로 부터

More information

1 : 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, (JBE Vol. 24, No

1 : 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, (JBE Vol. 24, No 1: 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, 2019 1 (JBE Vol. 24, No. 1, January 2019) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2019.24.1.3

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

2 : 3 (Myeongah Cho et al.: Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing and Weighted Blending for Fast Panoramic Image Method) (Special Paper) 23 2

2 : 3 (Myeongah Cho et al.: Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing and Weighted Blending for Fast Panoramic Image Method) (Special Paper) 23 2 (Special Paper) 232, 2018 3 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.2.235 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 3 a), a), a) Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

03-16-김용일.indd

03-16-김용일.indd Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography Vol. 33, No. 2, 95-101, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2015.33.2.95 ISSN 1598-4850(Print) ISSN 2288-260X(Online)

More information

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a low-resolution Time-Of- Flight (TOF) depth camera and

More information

<3428BCADC8F12931C2F728BFCFB7E1292E687770>

<3428BCADC8F12931C2F728BFCFB7E1292E687770> 기술논문 이중산란형컴프턴카메라구성검출기성능평가 서희 *, 박진형 *, 김찬형 *, 이주한, 이춘식, 이재성 * 한양대학교원자력공학과 중앙대학교물리학과 서울대학교핵의학교실 2010 년 3 월 26 일접수 / 2010 년 5 월 2 일 1 차수정 / 2010 년 5 월 3 일채택 현재개발중에있는이중산란형컴프턴카메라는두대의산란부검출기 ( 양면실리콘스트립검출기, DSSD)

More information

(JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) (Special Paper) 23 2, (JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) ISSN

(JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) (Special Paper) 23 2, (JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018)   ISSN (Special Paper) 23 2, 2018 3 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.2.186 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) Robust Online Object Tracking via Convolutional

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - ch02-1.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - ch02-1.ppt 2. Coodinte Sstems nd Tnsfomtion 20 20 2.2 Ctesin Coodintes (,, ) () (b) Figue 1.1 () Unit vectos,, nd, (b) components of long,, nd. 직각좌표계에서각변수 (,, ) 들의범위 < < < < < < (2.1) 직각좌표계에서임의의벡터 는,, 가그림 1.1 에서와같이,,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

02Á¶ÇýÁø

02Á¶ÇýÁø Analysis of Hazardous Fog and Index Development in Korea* Hye-Jin Cho** Abstract : The existing researches related to the fog have focused on mainly the fog itself and its spatial variation. This study

More information

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770> 88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,

More information

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

04-다시_고속철도61~80p Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 11 : 2593~2599 Nov. 2014 오픈소스 모바일 UI컴포넌트 선정 절차 프레임워크 손효정 1 이민규 2 성백민

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소 2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

KAERIAR hwp

KAERIAR hwp - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - Photograph of miniature SiC p-n and Schottky diode detector Photograph SiC chip mounted on a standard electrical package Photograph of SiC neutron detector with

More information

07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm

07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 45-51 f m s p» w Á xá zá Ÿ Á w m œw Image Retrieval Based on Gray Scale Histogram Refinement and Horizontal Edge Features Sang-Uk Shin,

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3 Depth layer partition 2D 3D a), a) 3D conversion of 2D video using depth layer partition Sudong Kim a) and Jisang Yoo a) depth layer partition 2D 3D. 2D (depth map). (edge directional histogram). depth

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - 27.pptx

Microsoft PowerPoint - 27.pptx 이산수학 () n-항관계 (n-ary Relations) 2011년봄학기 강원대학교컴퓨터과학전공문양세 n-ary Relations (n-항관계 ) An n-ary relation R on sets A 1,,A n, written R:A 1,,A n, is a subset R A 1 A n. (A 1,,A n 에대한 n- 항관계 R 은 A 1 A n 의부분집합이다.)

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp RUF * (A Simple and Efficient Antialiasing Method with the RUF buffer) (, Byung-Uck Kim) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Woo-Chan Park) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Sung-Bong

More information

Slide 1

Slide 1 Clock Jitter Effect for Testing Data Converters Jin-Soo Ko Teradyne 2007. 6. 29. 1 Contents Noise Sources of Testing Converter Calculation of SNR with Clock Jitter Minimum Clock Jitter for Testing N bit

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jan.; 26(1),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jan.; 26(1), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Jan.; 26(1), 113118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.1.113 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) A Retro-Directive

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

핵의학 총론

핵의학 총론 6 주차 1. 섬광계수기 1) 섬광계수기의원리와구조 2. 검량기 1) 검량기의원리와구조및성능관리 3. 섬광카메라 1) 원리 2) 구성과기능 3) 섬광체와섬광카메라의성능변화 4) 콜리메터의종류와기능 5) 콜리메터의물리적특성과영상의질 핵의학기기 1. 감마선계측기 (Gamma Counter) 감마선계측기는 3cm 정도의 NaI(Tl) 결정으로구성되어그가운데혈액이나소변과같은시료를넣은시험관등을삽입해서측정할수있다

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp 제 출 문 농림수산식품부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 트위스트 휠 방식 폐비닐 수거기 개발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출 합니다. 2008년 4월 24일 주관연구기관명: 경 북 대 학 교 총괄연구책임자: 김 태 욱 연 구 원: 조 창 래 연 구 원: 배 석 경 연 구 원: 김 승 현 연 구 원: 신 동 호 연 구 원: 유 기 형 위탁연구기관명: 삼 생 공 업 위탁연구책임자:

More information

19(1) 02.fm

19(1) 02.fm Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor

More information

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특 한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province

More information

08.hwp

08.hwp 박 기 식 여주대학 토목과 (2001. 10. 24. 접수 / 2002. 6. 14. 채택) A Study on the Longitudinal Vibration of Finite Elastic Medium using Laboratory Test Ki-Shik Park Department of Civil Engineering, Yeojoo Institute of

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr (planar resonator) (radiator) [2] [4].., (cond

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr (planar resonator) (radiator) [2] [4].., (cond THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Apr.; 28(4), 279 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.4.279 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) A Study

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

03¹Ú³ë¿í7~272s

03¹Ú³ë¿í7~272s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.4, 2007, pp.257~272 Analysis of Relationships between Features Extracted from SAR Data and Land-cover Classes No-Wook Park*, Hoonyol Lee**, and Kwang-Hoon Chi*

More information

½Éº´È¿ Ãâ·Â

½Éº´È¿ Ãâ·Â Standard and Technology of Full-Dimension MINO Systems in LTE-Advances Pro Massive MIMO has been studied in academia foreseeing the capacity crunch in the coming years. Presently, industry has also started

More information

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201 4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,

More information

00내지1번2번

00내지1번2번 www.keit.re.kr 2011. 11 Technology Level Evaluation ABSTRACT The Technology Level Evaluation assesses the current level of industrial technological development in Korea and identifies areas that are underdeveloped

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA FPS게임 구성요소의 중요도 분석방법에 관한 연구 2 계층화 의사결정법에 의한 요소별 상관관계측정과 대안의 선정 The Study on the Priority of First Person Shooter game Elements using Analytic Hierarchy Process 주 저 자 : 배혜진 에이디 테크놀로지 대표 Bae, Hyejin AD Technology

More information

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

3. 클라우드 컴퓨팅 상호 운용성 기반의 서비스 평가 방법론 개발.hwp

3. 클라우드 컴퓨팅 상호 운용성 기반의 서비스 평가 방법론 개발.hwp 보안공학연구논문지 Journal of Security Engineering Vol.11, No.4 (2014), pp.299-312 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/jse.2014.08.03 클라우드 컴퓨팅 상호 운용성 기반의 서비스 평가 방법론 개발 이강찬 1), 이승윤 2), 양희동 3), 박철우 4) Development of Service

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp

05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석(이주희) ꌙ 87 노 동 정 책 연 구 2005. 제5권 제2호 pp. 87118 c 한 국 노 동 연 구 원 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석: 보건의료노조의 사례 이주희 * 2004,,,.. 1990. : 2005 4 7, :4 7, :6 10 * (jlee@ewha.ac.kr) 88 ꌙ 노동정책연구

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 30(2),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 30(2), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Feb.; 30(2), 124131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.2.124 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MIMO

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

-

- World Top 10 by 2030 CONTENTS CONTENTS 02 03 PRESIDENT S MESSAGE 04 05 VISION GOALS VISION GOALS STRATEGIES 06 07 HISTORY 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 08 09 UNIST POWER 10 11 MPI USTC UNIST UCI UTD U-M GT

More information

01이국세_ok.hwp

01이국세_ok.hwp x264 GPU 3 a), a), a) Fast Stereoscopic 3D Broadcasting System using x264 and GPU Jung-Ah Choi a), In-Yong Shin a), and Yo-Sung Ho a) 3 2. 2 3. H.264/AVC x264. GPU(Graphics Processing Unit) CUDA API, GPU

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of

More information

Output file

Output file 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 An Application for Calculation and Visualization of Narrative Relevance of Films Using Keyword Tags Choi Jin-Won (KAIST) Film making

More information

<B1B3B9DFBFF83330B1C7C1A631C8A35FC6EDC1FDBABB5FC7D5BABB362E687770>

<B1B3B9DFBFF83330B1C7C1A631C8A35FC6EDC1FDBABB5FC7D5BABB362E687770> 교육발전연구 Journal of Educational Development 2014. Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 89~110 융합인재교육(STEAM)을 통한 시각적 문해력 효과 연구: 인포그래픽 동영상 만들기를 중심으로 강인애 1), 이재경 2), 남미진 3) 요 약 본 연구는 융합인재(STEAM)교육으로 구안된 인포그래픽(infographic) 영상

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168 2016 년도 한국철도학회 춘계학술대회 논문집 KSR2016S168 GPR 을 이용한 자갈궤도 파울링층 파악을 위한 실내실험적 접근 Evaluation of Applicability of GPR to Detect Fouled Layer in Ballast Using Laboratory Tests 신지훈 *, 최영태 **, 장승엽 *** Ji-hoon. Shin

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate

More information

6.24-9년 6월

6.24-9년 6월 리눅스 환경에서Solid-State Disk 성능 최적화를 위한 디스크 입출력요구 변환 계층 김태웅 류준길 박찬익 Taewoong Kim Junkil Ryu Chanik Park 포항공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과 {ehoto, lancer, cipark}@postech.ac.kr 요약 SSD(Solid-State Disk)는 여러 개의 낸드 플래시 메모리들로 구성된

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 901 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 (A Effective Sinkhole Attack Detection Mechanism for LQI based Routing in WSN) 최병구 조응준 (Byung

More information