12-08 이상욱

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1 Original Article Calcific Tendinitis of the Gluteus Medius Tendon Sang-Wook Lee, MD, Jae-seok Ahn, MD, Myung-Rae Cho, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and management of calcific tendinitis around the insertion of the gluteus medius tendon. Materials and methods: Between February 2004 and December 2008, 9 patients (8 women and 1 man; mean age, 57 years; age range, 41~80) with a diagnosis of calcific tendinitis were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent radiography and sonography. The relationships between the clinical aspects, medication, the shape of calcification under radiography, thickening of the tendon, and the shape of calcification under sonography were analyzed. Results: Type 1 (fluffy margin) under radiography had a shorter symptom duration and faster recovery than type 2 (well-defined and homogenous margin) (p=0.03). Tendon thickening and the shape of calcification (ovoid or amorphous) from the sonographic findings was not significantly related to the symptom duration and recovery time. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication had no effect on the symptom duration or recovery time. Conclusion: Patients with calcific tendinitis around the gluteus medius tendon with a type 1 margin (fluffy margin) showed a shorter symptom duration and faster recovery than those with a type 2 margin. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory medication had no effect on the symptom duration or recovery time. Key Words: Gluteus medius tendon, Calcific tendinitis, Clinical course, Treatment 서 석회화건염은수산화인회석저장질환 (hydroxyapatite deposition disease, HADD) 의일종으로자기제한적질병 (self-limiting disease) 인데주로견갑부회전근개에서주로발생하며중둔근건을침범하는경우는드물게보고되고있다 5,10). 석회화건염이중둔근건에발생하는경우고관절부위에심한통증을호소하는경우가많으나증상이비전형적이며빈도가낮아정확하게진단하는것이어려운경우가많고비전형적인발현양상이나오진으로인하여치료및회복이지연되는경우가흔하다 3,5). 이에저자들은고관절부위의중둔근건에발생한석회화건염 9 Submitted: July 10, st revision: August 3, nd revision: August 12, nd revision: August 17, nd revision: August 21, 2009 Final acceptance: November30, 2009 Address reprint request to Myung-Rae Cho, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daemyung-4 dong, Nam-gu, Daegu , Korea TEL: FAX: cmr0426@cu.ac.kr 론 예를치험하였기에임상양상과진단및치료에대하여조사하였다. 대상및방법 2004 년 2 월부터 2008 년 12 월까지상기질환으로진단되었던 9 명의환자를대상으로하였으며평균연령은 57 세 (41~80) 였고남자 1 예, 여자 8 예였다. 전예에서둔부의통증및고관절운동시통증의악화가있었고, 이로인한고관절의운동범위제한을보였으며하지직거상검사및신경학적이상소견은없었다. 특이하게대전자부주위에압통이있었으며환자의병력청취상대사성질환이나수상력은없었다. 임상혈액검사에서는고관절부위의염증을감별하기위하여 ESR, CRP, 백혈구등에대해서조사하였고전예에서단순방사선검사및초음파를시행하였다. 단순방사성검사에서는석회화모양이솜털경계 (fluffy margin) 을보이는경우제 1 형, 경계가명확한균일한형태를보이는경우제 2 형으로분류하였고 10) (Fig. 1), 초음파검사에서는중둔근건의두께변화및석회화모양을주로관찰하였다 (Fig. 2-A, B). 9 예중 5 예는비스테로이드 351

2 성소염제를투여하였고 4 예는약물투여없이물리치료및보존적치료를시행하였다. 방사선에서의석화화모양, 초음파소견, 약물투여와증상과의상관관계는 SAS 9.1 (SAS Institute.Inc., Cary, NC) 통계프로그램의 Mann- Whitney test 를이용하였다. 결 내원하기전증상의평균지속시간은 2.8(1~4) 주였으며, 임상혈액검사는모두정상이였다. 단순방사선검사에서제 1 형이 4 예, 제 2 형이 5 예였고, 초음파검사에서는둔건의비후를보인경우가 6 예, 정상인경우가 3 예였 과 다. 초음파검사에서는 6 예는원형을, 3 예는석회화모양이무정형 (amorphous) 을보였다. 증상의소실기간은내원후평균 3.2(2~4) 주였으며통계학적인의미를가질수는없지만단순방사성검사에서의석회화모양과증상의지속시간및증상의소실시간과의관계에서제 1 형의경우내원전증상의지속및소실시간은각각 2(1~4) 주, 2.3(1~4) 주였고, 제 2 형의경우는 3.4(2~4) 주, 4(3~5) 주로제 1 형에서짧았다 (p=0.03). 초음파검사에서보여준중둔근건의두께와증상의지속시간, 소실시간과의관계에서는비후된경우에서는지속시간이 2.8(1~4) 주, 소실시간은 2.8(2~5) 주였고, 정상소견을보인경우에는각각 2.7(2~4) 주, 4 주였으며초음파검사에서석회화모양 A B Fig. 1. Radiography of the pelvis shows the calcification (A for type1 and B for type 2) adjacent the greater trochanter, suggesting calcifications in the insertion of gluteus medius tendon. A Fig. 2. (A) Radiograph of the patient s right hip, demonstrating a soft tissue calcification adjacent to the greater trochanter. (B) Sonographic image shows a thickening of right gluteus medius tendon as well as ovoid calcific deposit. B 352

3 Sang-Wook Lee et al.: Calcific Tendinitis of the Gluteus Medius Tendon ( 구형, 무정형 ) 과증상의지속시간, 소실시간과의관계에서는구형의경우지속시간은 2.8(1~5) 주, 소실시간은 2.8(1~5) 주였고, 무정형의경우는각각 2.7(2~4) 주, 4 주였으나통계적인유의한차이는없었다. 물리치료등보존적치료를한경우와비스테로이드성소염제를투여한경우에치료방법과증상의소실시간과관계에서는투여하지않은경우는 3.5(2~4) 주, 약제를복용한경우는 3.2(1~5) 주였으나의미있는상관관계를확인할수없었다 (Table 1). 고 중둔근건에발생하는석회화건염은대전자부주위의중둔근건부착부위에서주로발생하며, 치료가없더라도 2 주내에점차적인호전을보이다가대개 6 개월내에완전히회복되는양상을보이는경우가많다 5,9). 석회화건염은주로견관절에발생하며극상건을침범하는경우가흔하고, 견관절다음으로는고관절, 주관절, 수근관절, 슬관절순으로발생한다. 대개 40~70 세사이에발생한다고보고되고있지만, 특이한외상없이젊은여자에서갑자기발생하는경우가흔하며, 성인의 2.7% 에서방사선사진상석회화소견이나타나며그중 10% 이하에서급성건염을동반한동통이발생한다 7). 석회화의침착및흡수에대한원인은알려지지않고있지만, 여러가지요소가복합되어있는것으로보고되고있으며반복적인외상에의한건의퇴행성변화, 국소저산소증에기인한섬유연골의화생 (metaplasia) 또는신경학적대사성요인이관여하며석회화건염의마지막단계는침착된칼슘의흡수이다. Unthoff 등 3) 이보고한조직학적소견에의한 3 가지단계는석회화전단계, 석회화단계, 석회화후단계이며, 석회화단계는형성기, 흡수기로나누어지는데흡수기에석회화된부위가단순방사선소견에서선명하지않지만강한통증을동반한경우가흔하다. 칩착된석회화물질의 찰 흡수기전은석회화부스러기를대식세포가탐식하여 phospholipase A2 효소가활성화되며 protease (collagenase, stromelysim) 가증가되고석화화부분이산성상태에노출되면서침착된물질이용해되는것으로알려져있다 7). 대개증상의발현후 4주에서 8개월 3,7,10) 사이에소실되는것으로보고되고있지만본증례의경우는침착된석회화물질의소실과관계없이일정한기간이경과한후에추시관찰을권유하여석회화물질의소실시기를정확하게파악할수없었고, 또한증상이호전되어대부분의환자에서상기증상으로재내원한경우가없어석회화물질의소실시기를파악할수없었다. 증상은무증상부터급성, 만성통증으로다양하게나타나며갑작스럽게심한통증을동반하는경우는화농성관절염과의감별을요한다 6). 열이나병변부위의부종, 혈액검사에서급성염증반응을보이는수치 (ESR, CRP, 백혈구 ) 가강한증가를보이지않고항생제를사용하지않아도회복되는기미가보일때석회화건염으로진단될수있으며 4,5) 특히자기공명영상검사가감별진단에도움이된다. 중둔근건에발생하는석회화건염은추간판탈출증과의감별을요하는데하지방사통이가끔씩보일수는있지만석회화건염의경우현저하지않고, 고관절운동시에증상의악화가심하다는것이감별진단에도움이된다. 진단은임상증상과방사성검사로확인이가능한데대전자부피질골주위에석회화모양의방사선소견으로진단이가능하며특히중둔근건내부에석회화침착이있는경우해성꼬리 (comet-tile) 을보이는경우도있고, 단순방사선에서보이는석회화모양과증상과는직접적인연관이없다. 전산화단층촬영은건내석회화및인접한부위의피질골변화를관찰하기에는자기공명영상검사보다우수하나골내부종이나감염, 악성질환등과의감별진단에는자기공명영상검사가우월하다. 초음파는석회화건염의진단에좋은수단이된다. 중둔근건의상태와석회화의모양을관찰할수있고특히, 두꺼워진건내부 Table 1. Summary of the Cases Case Age Radiology Sonographic Findings Laboratory Duration* /Gender Calcification Tendon Calcification Findings Treatment Results 1 41/F 4 Type 2 Thickened Ovoid WNL None /F 4 Type 2 Thickened Amorphous WNL None /F 1 Type 1 Thickened Ovoid WNL NSAID /F 4 Type 1 Thickened Ovoid WNL None /F 2 Type 1 Normal Amorphous WNL NSAID /M 2 Type 2 Normal Amorphous WNL None /F 4 Type 2 Normal Ovoid WNL NSAID /F 3 Type 2 Thickened Ovoid WNL NSAID /F 1 Type 1 Thickened Ovoid WNL NSAID 1 * The time with symptom before visiting clinic; All cases had homogenous calcification; Time required to relieve pain (weeks); Type 1:fluffy margin, type 2:well-defined and homogenous; Within normal limit; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 353

4 와주위의혈관분포 (vascularity) 가임상증상과연관이깊다는보고가있으며 2) 이는 color Doppler sonography 가도움이되는데본원에서는상기검사를시행하지못했다. 치료는비스테로이드소염제투여. 물리치료, 부신피질호르몬의국소주사, 외과적절제등이있는데부신피질호르몬국소주사는감염의위험이있고약제가건내부로주입되는경우괴사등의합병증이있으나주사후 1 일내에증상의소실을가져올수있다는장점도있다 5). 초음파유도하에건의비후정도, 석회화모양과증상과의관계에서는유의한차이가없었으나더많은증례에서의반복적인바늘천공 (needle puncturing) 후천자흡인도통증이심한경우에시행되는경우가있으며 4), 석회화건염은대개흡수후새로운기질의형성에의해건이원래의구조를회복하여후유증없이치료가된다 4). 본연구에서는단순방사선사진에서석회화의모양이솜털경계를가진제 1 형의경우에서내원전증상의지속시간및소실시간이경계가명확한균일한형태를보이는제 2 형에서보다적었는데석회화가솜털경계를가진경우에염증의소실시간이빠른것으로판단되며 (1 종오류 5% 하에서 type 1 석회화군에서보인 4.3 주와 type 2 석회화군에서보인 7.4 주의차이가임상적으로의미있다고했을때각군표본크기를 5 명으로하였을때통계적검정력은 82%, 각군표본크기 4 명으로하였을때통계적검정력은 68% 로산출되었음 ), 초음파소견에서중둔근건의비후정도, 석회화모양과증상과의관계에서는유의한차이가없었으나더많은증례에서의연구가필요하리라판단된다. 증상의정도가중등도인환자에서는증상의소실까지비스테로이드소염제를투여하였으며증상의정도가극심하여고관절의운동에심한제한을보이는증례는없어부신피질호르몬국소주사는시행하지않았으나투여로인한부작용가능성과빠른치료효과에대한비교연구가없지만시도해볼만한좋은방법으로판단된다. 보존적비스테로이드성소염제를투여한경우와투여하지않은경우에증상소실시간과의관계에서는통계적으로유의한관련성이관찰되지않았는데실제로이두군사이에증상소실평균기간차이는 0.3 주에불과하여 0.3 주란기간의차이는본연구의표본크기가충분하여통계적으로유의한차이가있는것으로나왔다하더라도임상적으로의미를두기힘든미미한차이로써약물의투여가통증조절에는효과적일수있겠지만상기질환의임상적인경과과정에는차이가없는것으로판단된다. 본연구 의제한점은증례의수가적고후향적연구라는점, 증상과연관이있는혈관분포양상의관찰에필요한 color Doppler sonography를이용하지못한점, 침착된석회화부위의방사선학적소실시기등에대하여관찰을하지못한점이다. 결론 중둔근건에발생한석회화건염에서단순방사선사진에서석회화음영이솜털경계를가진경우에서경계가명확한균일한형태를보이는경우보다증상의지속및소실시간이짧았고비스테로이드성소염제의투여는상기질환의진행과정에영향을주지않았다. REFERENCES 01. Aina R, Cardinal E, Bureau NJ, Aubin B, Brassard P. Calcific shoulder tendinitis: treatment with modified US-guided fineneedle technique. Radiology, 221: , Chiou HJ, Chou YH, Wu JJ, et al. Evaluation of calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff: role of color Doppler ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med, 21: , Chow HY, Recht MP, Schils J, Calabrese LH. Acute calcific tendinitis of the hip: case report with magnetic resonance imaging findings. Arthritis Rheu, 40: , HS Lee, YH Lee, NK Sung, et al. Sonographic findings of calcific tendinitis around the hip. J Korean Soc Med Ultrasound, 24: , JC Choi, YH Kim, HY Na, et al. Treatment of calcific tendonitis around hip joint, 17: 83-87, Kandemir U, Bharam S, Philippon MJ, Fu FH. Endoscopic treatment of calcific tendinitis of the gluteus medius and minimus. Arthroscopy, 19: E4, Sakai T, Shimaoka Y, Sugimoto M, Koizumi T. Acute calcific tendinitis of gluteus medius: a case report with serial magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Orthop Sci, 9: , Uhthoff HK, Sarkar K, Maynard JA. Calcifying tendinitis: a new concept and its pathogenesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 118: , Yang,Hayes CW, Biermann JS. Calcific tendinitis of the gluteus medius tendon with bone marrow edema mimicking metastatic disease. Skeletal Radiol, 31: , YB Sung, SH Hwang, JK Ahn, et al. Calcific tendonitis of the rectus femoris: a case report. J Korean Hip Soc, 13: 70-72,

5 Sang-Wook Lee et al.: Calcific Tendinitis of the Gluteus Medius Tendon 국문초록 중둔근건에발생한석회화건염 이상욱 안재석 조명래 대구가톨릭대학교정형외과학교실 목적 : 중둔근건에발생한석회화의임상양상과진단및치료에대하여조사하였다. 대상및방법 : 2004년 2월부터 2008년 12월까지석회화건염으로진단되었던 9명의환자를대상으로하였으며평균연령은 57세 (41~80) 였고남자 1예, 여자 8예였다. 전예에서단순방사선검사및초음파를시행하였다. 단순방사성검사에서는석회화모양, 초음파검사에서중둔근건의두께변화및석회화모양, 약물투여와증상과의관계에대하여조사하였다. 결과 : 석회화모양이제 1형 ( 솜털경계 ) 의경우내원전증상의지속및소실시간이제 2형 ( 균일한경계면 ) 의경우보다짧았다 (p=0.03). 초음파검사에서보여준중둔근건의두께, 석회화모양 ( 구형, 무정형 ) 과증상의지속시간, 소실시간과의관계에서는통계적인유의한차이는없었다. 비스테로이드성소염제를투여한경우에증상의소실시간과관계에서는의미있는상관관계를확인할수없었다. 결론 : 중둔근건에발생한석회화건염에서솜털경계를가진경우증상의지속및소실시간이짧았고비스테로이드성소염제의투여는상기질환의진행에영향을주지않았다. 색인단어 : 중둔근건, 석화화건염, 임상양상, 치료 355

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