한수지 49(2), , 2016 Note Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(2), ,2016 부안상록해수욕장의사상녹조류금발대마디말 (Cladophora vadorum) 대량발생과영양염농도 하동수 유현일 장수정 1 황은경 * 국립수산

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1 한수지 49(2), , 2016 Note Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(2), ,2016 부안상록해수욕장의사상녹조류금발대마디말 (Cladophora vadorum) 대량발생과영양염농도 하동수 유현일 장수정 1 황은경 * 국립수산과학원해조류연구센터, 1 국립수산과학원서해수산연구소자원환경과 Bloom of a Filamentous Green Alga Cladophora vadorum (Areschoug) Kützing and Nutrient Levels at Shangrok Beach, Buan, Korea Dong Soo Ha, Hyun Il Yoo, Soo Jung Chang 1 and Eun Kyoung Hwang* Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Mokpo 58746, Korea 1 Fisheries Resources and Environment Research Division, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Incheon 22383, Korea A filamentous green alga Cladophora vadorum (Areschoug) Kützing, bloomed at Shangrok Beach, Buan, Republic of Korea, in September This alga is currently distributed worldwide. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were analyzed in the bloom area and compared to those of other areas in the vicinity. DIN and DIP concentrations were similar to those of other areas. However, TN and TP were as much as six and ten times higher than in other areas, respectively. As in other Cladophora species, the bloom of C. vadorum at Shangrok Beach in 2015 appears to have depended on the TP concentration in the seawater. This suggests that blooms in the area can be controlled by reducing TP. Key words: Bloom, Cladophora vadorum, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen 서론, (Veliela et al., 1997; Fletcher, 1996), (Green tides). 2000, (Ye et al., 2011)., (Biomass)., (Smetacek and Zingone, 2013).,, (H 2 S) (Norkko and Bonsdorff, 1996)., (Ulva), (golden tide) (Sargassum) (Norkko and Bonsdorff, 1996) (Pang et al., 2010; Kang et al., 2014) (Cladophora),. (Cladophora spp.),,,. 170, 20 (Bae et al., 2010) (, Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(2) , April 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 16 January 2016; Revised 24 February 2016; Accepted 29 February 2016 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: ekh215@korea.kr Copyright 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 241 pissn: , eissn:

242 하동수ㆍ유현일ㆍ장수정ㆍ황은경, ).,. Cladophora glomerata (Higgins et al., 2008). C. glomerata,, (Whitton, 1970; Planas et al., 1996; Orlova et al., 2004). 1800 (Taft and Kishler, 1973), 1848 (Higgins et al.

2 242 하동수ㆍ유현일ㆍ장수정ㆍ황은경, ).,. Cladophora glomerata (Higgins et al., 2008). C. glomerata,, (Whitton, 1970; Planas et al., 1996; Orlova et al., 2004) (Taft and Kishler, 1973), 1848 (Higgins et al., 2008) (Shear and Konasewich, 1975; Taft, 1975; Wong and Clark, 1976; Auer, 1982),,. (Vallentyne and Thomas, 1978), , (Charlton et al., 1999). 80% (Canale and Auer, 1982) 7 60% (Painter and Kamaitis, 1987) , 2015,,. 시료채집및환경조사 재료및방법 (Fig. 1) L bottle., YSI-85 (YSI Inc., USA). 종동정 10 cm petri dish (Inverted microscope CKX41, Olympus, Japan) Fig. 1. A map showing the sampling site at Shangrok Beach, Buan, Republic of Korea. Closed circle represent the site of mass bloom of Cladophora vadorum. Live Digital-CCD (DP27, Olympus, Japan). Bae et al. (2010), Lee (2008) van den Hoak (1963). 해수중영양염분석 (QuAAtro auto analyzer 5 channels, Seal analytical GmbH, Germany). (Ammonia nitrogen, NH 4+ -N) Indophenol, (Nitrite nitrogen, NO 2- -N) ɑ-ned, (Nitrate nitrogen, NO 3 - -N) Cd-Cu, (Total nitrogen, TN) Cd-Cu. (Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus, DIP), (Total phosphorus, TP). (Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN),,., , 2014~ 통계처리 (one-way ANO- VA), SPSS ver 8.0 SYSTAT ver Fish-

금발대마디말의대량발생 243 er s LSD test. 생태및환경적특성 결과및고찰 (Fig. 1).,, (Chang et al., 2007).,,. 2015 9 15 23.9 o C, 31.5 psu, ph 7.72. (LOICZ, 1995).,,, (Jang et al., 2005). (Mann, 2000),, (Rizzo, 1990).

3 금발대마디말의대량발생 243 er s LSD test. 생태및환경적특성 결과및고찰 (Fig. 1).,, (Chang et al., 2007).,, o C, 31.5 psu, ph (LOICZ, 1995).,,, (Jang et al., 2005). (Mann, 2000),, (Rizzo, 1990) ha., (Fig. 2). 종동정,. (Fig. 3A),, - (Fig. 3B). (Figs. 3C-D). Lee (2008) [C. vadorum (Areschoug) Kützing].,,,,. 해수중영양염분석 (Table 1),,,,, Fig. 2. Mass bloom of Cldophora vadorum at Shangrok Beach, Buan, Republic of Korea in September A, Upper tidal zone of Shangrok Beach; B, Dense thalli attached to substrate in the bottom; C, Dense thalli growing at subtidal zone; D, Bottom and wood pole covered with C. varodum.

244 하동수ㆍ유현일ㆍ장수정ㆍ황은경 Fig. 3. Morphology of Cladophora vadorum. A, Dense thallus; B, Branch system of upper thallus; C, Cylindrical cell of thallus; D, Ramification from a branch.

4 244 하동수ㆍ유현일ㆍ장수정ㆍ황은경 Fig. 3. Morphology of Cladophora vadorum. A, Dense thallus; B, Branch system of upper thallus; C, Cylindrical cell of thallus; D, Ramification from a branch. Scale bars are 10 cm (A), 500 µm (B), 50 µm (C-D). Table 1. Analysis of nutrients content from seawater at Shangrok Beach, Buan, Republic of Korea in 15 September 2015 Concentration (mg L -1 ) 1 Content This result Mean of Western coast August, Mean of Gomso Bay August, Mean of Gomso Bay NH 4+ -N b a b b NO 2- -N b a b b NO 3- -N c a c b DIN b a b b TN a b b b DIP a a a a TP a b b b 1 Values in same raw having different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.01) as a result of a posteriori Fisher s LSD test. 2 Data from the monitoring report of marine environment around aquaculture area along the western coast in Korea, National Institute of Fisheries Science.,, , 8 9, , 13, , mg L -1, mg L mg L -1, mg L mg L -1, mg L -1.,

5 금발대마디말의대량발생 245 TN TP, TP , (Liu et al., 2010) (Pang et al., 2010). (Kim et al., 2014).,.,,. (TP) (Charlton et al., 1999), Table mg L -1 (0.046 mg L -1 ) 10., 2015 (TN, TP),.,.,,,,,.,.,,. 사사 2016 (R ),.. References Auer MT Ecology of filamentous algae. J Gt Lakes Res 8, Bae EH, Kim HS, Kwon CJ, Hwang IK, Kim GH and Klochkova TA Algal flora of Korea. Vol 1 Marine green algae. National Institute of Biological resources, Incheon, Korea, 218. Canale RP and Auer MT Ecological studies and mathematical modeling of Cladophora in Lake Huron: 7. Model verification and system response. J Gt Lakes Res 8, Chang JH, Ryu SO and Jo YJ Long-term variation of tidal-flat sediments in Gomso Bay, West Coast of Korea. J Kor Earth Sci Soc 28, Charlton MN, Le Sage R and Milne JE Lake Erie in transition: the 1990 s. In: State of Lake Erie (SOLE)-past, present and future. Munawar M, Edsall T and Munawar IF, eds. Ecovision World Monograph Series. Backhuys Publ, Netherlands, Fletcher RL The occurrence of Green Tides - a review. In: Recent changes and the effects of eutrophication. Schramm W and Nienhuis PH, eds. Springer, Higgins SN, Malkin SY, Howell ET, Guildford SJ, Campbell L, Hiriart-Baer V and Hecky RE An ecological review of Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. J Phycol 44, org/ /j x. Jang PG, Lee WJ, J MC, Lee JD, Lee WJ, Chang M, Hwang KC and Shin K Spatial and temporal distribution of inorganic nutrients and factors controlling their distributions in Gwangyang Bay. Ocean Polar Res 27, dx.doi.org/ /opr Kang EJ, Kim JH, Kim K, Choi HG, Kim KY Re-evaluation of green tide-forming species in the Yellow Sea. Algae 29, Lee YP Marine algae of Jeju. Academy Book Co., Jeju, Korea, 477. Liu D, Keesing JK, Dong Z, Zhen Y, Di B, Shi Y, Fearns P and Shi P Recurrence of the world s largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China: Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal blooms. Mar Pollut Bull 60, LOICZ(Land Ocean International in the Coastal Zone) The dynamics of global change and the coastal zone. LOICZ Meeting Report, Texel 9, 108.

6 246 하동수ㆍ유현일ㆍ장수정ㆍ황은경 Mann KH Ecology of coastal waters. Blackwell, Science, Berkeley, U.S.A, 406. Norkko A and Bonsdorff E Population responses of coastal zoobenthos to stress induced by drifting algal mats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 140, Orlova MI, Muirhead JR, Antonov PI, Shcherbina GK, Starobogatav YI, Biochino GI, Therriarult TW and MacIssac HJ Range expansion of quagga mussels Dreissena rostiformis bugensis in the Volga River and Caspian Sea basin. Aquat Ecol 38, Painter SD and Kamaitis G Reduction of Cladophora biomass and tissue phosphorus in Lake Ontario, Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44, Pang SJ, Liu F, Shan TF, Xu N, Zhang ZH, Gao SQ, Chopin T and Sun S Tracking the algal origin of the Ulva bloom in the Yellow Sea by a combination of molecular, morphological and physiological analyses. Mar Envirn Res 69, Planas D, Maberly SC and Parker JE Phosphorus and nitrogen relationships in Cladophora glomerata in two lake basins of different trophic status. Freshw Biol 35, Rizzo WM Nutrient exchange between the water column and a subtidal benthic macroalgal community. Estuaries 12, Shear H and Konasewich DE Cladophora in the Great Lakes. International joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 179. Smetacek V and Zingone A Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise. Nature 504, org/ /nature Taft CE and Kishler WJ Cladophora as related to pollution and eutrophication in western Lake Erie, No. 332X, 339X. Water Resources Center, Ohio State Univ and US Department of the Interior, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., 103. Taft CE History of Cladophora in the Great Lakes. In: Cladophora in the Great Lakes. Shear H and Konansewich DE, eds. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, Valiela I, McClelland J, Hauxwell J, Behr PJ, Hersh D and Foreman K Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnol Oceanogr 42, Vallentyne JR and Thomas NA Fifth year review of Canada-United States Great Lakes water quality agreement. Report of task group III A technical group to review phosphorus loading. International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ondario, Canada, 84. van den Hoak C Revision of the European species of Cladophora. Leiden, 248. Whitton BA Biology of Cladophora in freshwaters. Water Res 4, Wong SL and Clark B Field determination of the critical nutrient concentrations for Cladophora in streams. J Fish Res Board Can 33, Ye N, Zhang X, Mao Y, Liang C, Xu D, Zou J, Zhuang Z, Wang Q Green tides are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet: taking the world s largest example. Ecol Res, 26,

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