(윤경철-최원) hwp

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "(윤경철-최원) hwp"

Transcription

1 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(10): pissn: eissn: DOI : /jkos = 증례보고 = 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용후눈물막과안구표면의변화 최원 1 박영걸 1 조재갑 2 윤경철 1 전남대학교의과대학안과학교실 1, 서남대학교의과대학안과학교실 2 목적 : 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액병합사용후눈물막과안구표면의변화에대하여알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨만사용한 18 명 36 안을 1 군, 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한 18 명 36 안을 2 군으로나누어사용전과사용후 1, 3, 6 개월에각각눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각을측정하고, 점안액사용전과사용후 3 개월째인상세포검사및눈물내 CXCL (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand) 11 농도를측정하여비교하였다. 결과 : 1 군에서는눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각상피병증과각막감각이 6 개월째호전되었으며 (p<0.05), 2 군에서는 3 개월째호전되었다 (p<0.05). 편평상피화생, 술잔세포밀도와 CXCL11 농도는 1 군에서는 3 개월째차이가없었으나, 2 군에서는 3 개월째호전되었다 (p<0.05). 결론 : 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 히알루론산나트륨과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 의점안액의병합사용은눈물막과안구표면지표의빠른호전을보이므로효과적이라고생각된다. < 대한안과학회지 2010;51(10): > 갑상샘안병증은눈주위의조직에영향을주는자가면역성염증성질환으로, 여러사이토카인들과체액성및세포성면역반응에의해외안근을포함한안와주변조직의섬유아세포의항원항체반응이증가한다고알려져있다. 1 그결과안와조직의섬유화와부종이유발되며, 안와, 안검, 외안근을침범하여심각한합병증을일으키기도한다. 다양한임상양상을보이는것이특징인데, 눈꺼풀과안와조직에염증성변화를일으켜눈에불편감을주고눈꺼풀위치이상, 안구돌출등으로인하여외모상에도변화를초래할뿐만아니라외안근이나각막, 시신경에영향을주어시기능에심각한이상까지도초래할수있으며약 30% 에서는건성안을동반한다. 2 갑상샘안병증에서의건성안은자가면역반응으로활성화된 T 림프구가안구표면과주눈물샘에침윤하여전염증성사이토카인을다량분비하고, 이러한염증반응은만성적인경과를거치며눈물샘이나안구표면의상피세포들에손상을주어발생한다고알려져있다. 3-5 접수일 : 2009 년 7 월 24 일 심사통과일 : 2010 년 6 월 25 일 책임저자 : 윤경철광주광역시동구학동 8 번지전남대학교병원안과 Tel: , Fax: kcyoon@chonnam.ac.kr * 본논문의요지는 2009 년대한안과학회제 102 회추계학술대회에서포스터로발표되었음. 사이클로스포린은면역반응에의해활성화된 T 림프구를억제하고결막의전염증성사이토카인을하향조절한다 또한사이클로스포린의점안으로결막내의술잔세포가증가하고상피세포의증식이억제된다. 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린점안액을사용하는경우기본눈물분비가증가하고각결막상피병증이호전되며결막술잔세포의밀도및 transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 의생산이증가되고, 시력개선, 자극감감소, 인공누액사용횟수감소등의주관적인증상에효과가있음이보고되었다 지금까지일반건성안환자에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 의효과에대한연구는많이시행되어왔으나, 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액의효과에대한연구는매우부족한실정이다 따라서본연구에서는갑상샘안병증이있는환자들에서흔히동반되는건성안의치료에서 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와면역억제효과를갖는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을사용한후눈물막과안구표면의변화에대한관찰을통해그효과를알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2007년 4월부터 2009년 5월까지본원에서갑상샘안병증이있으면서건성안이동반된환자중최소 6개월이상추적

2 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - 관찰이가능하였던 38명 76안을 0.1% sodium hyaluronate 만사용한 1군 (18명, 36안 ), 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한 2군 (20 명, 40안 ) 으로무작위로나누어전향적조사를실시하였다. 모든환자에서개개인의동의를얻었으며본원임상시험윤리위원회 (institutional review board, IRB) 의승인을받았다. 본연구에서는 2군에서 2명의환자가불편감을호소하여 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용을중지하였으며이경우는대상에서제외하였다. 총 36명의환자중남자는 10명 (27.8%), 여자는 26명 (72.2%) 이었으며평균나이는 45.9 ± 11.8세였다. 1군 (18명, 36안 ) 의평균나이는 44.8 ± 11.9세였고남자는 4명 (22.2%), 여자는 14명 (77.8%) 였으며, 2군의평균나이는 47.0 ±12.0 세였으며남자는 6명 (33.3%), 여자는 12명 (66.7%) 으로이두군간나이와성별은통계적으로유의하지않았다. 1군과 2군에서갑상샘기능항진증은각각 13명 (72.2%), 14명 (77.8%), 갑상샘기능이정상은 2 명 (11.1%), 1명 (5.5%), 갑상샘기능저하증은두군모두에서 3명 (16.7%) 으로두군간갑상샘기능은차이가없었으며, 안구돌출계값은 1군에서 ± 2.95 mm, 2군에서 ± 3.55 mm로두군간차이가없었다. 갑상샘안병증의진단은안와주위연부조직의부종, 안구돌출, 안구운동의장애및각막병증이있으면서전산화단층촬영에서갑상샘안병증에특징적인외안근의비대가있는경우로하였다. 이들환자중기본눈물분비검사에서 7 mm 이하, 눈물막파괴시간이 10초이내, 눈부심, 가려움, 이물감, 작열감, 통증등의안구자극증상, 그리고각막노출로인한각막상피병증이있어형광색소염색을보이는건성안이동반된환자를대상으로각각의군에서 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Hyalein, Santen, Osaka, Japan) 는매 4시간마다 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A (Restasis, Allergan Inc., Irvine, U.S.A.) 점안액은매 12시간마다양안에점안하도록했다. 점안시안구의따끔거림등의불편감이심하게지속된경우는사용을중지하였으며본연구의대상에서제외하였다. 또한, 사이클로스포린 A 점안액효과를간섭할수있는안구의급성감염또는염증이있는경우, 외상에의한손상이있는경우, 안구알레르기가있는경우, 눈꺼풀의이상또는염증이있는경우, 최근 3개월이내에전안부또는백내장과같은수술을시행한과거력이있는경우에서처럼갑상생안병증이외의건성안의원인이될수있는경우는대상에서제외하였다. 그리고 Mourits et al 17 이제안한갑상샘안병증환자에서임상활동도 (clinical activity score) 가 4점이상인경우, 최근 3개월이내및연구기간내에스테로이드를전신적또는국소적으로사용한경우, 사이클로스포린을전신적으로사용한경우, 최근에건성안을일으킬수있는전신적약물을투여 받은경우, 연구기간내에콘택트렌즈를사용하는경우, 눈물점마개등을사용하고있는경우, 약물에대한과민성반응이있는경우도대상에서제외하였다. 눈물막기능과안구표면의변화를알기위해눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머검사를통한기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율검사, 형광색소염색을통한각막상피병증의정도와각막감각을점안액사용전과사용후 1개월, 3개월과 6개월째시행하여비교하였다. 결막인상세포검사와눈물내 CXCL11/Interferoninducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) 농도는점안액사용전과사용후 3개월째에시행하여결막편평상피화생정도, 술잔세포의밀도와눈물내 CXCL11 농도를서로비교하였다. 눈물막파괴시간측정은형광검사지를결막낭에접촉시킨후피검자가수초간몇번눈을깜박이게한후염색된눈물막층에서검은점, 구멍, 또는줄의형태로형광색소염색의결손이관찰될때까지시간을세극등현미경의코발트블루광원을이용하여측정하였다. 0.5% 로희석시킨형광색소 (Fluorescite, Alcon, USA) 10 μl와 0.5% proparacain hydrochloride (Alcaine, Alcon, Forthworth, TX, USA) 를하측구결막에넣고 5분후쉬르머검사지 (Eagle Vision, Memphis TN, USA) 를아래눈꺼풀의외측 1/3 부분의구결막에 5분간접촉시킨다음젖은부위의길이를재어기본눈물분비량을밀리미터단위로측정하고, 검사지의끝부분의염색된정도를표준검사지와비교하여눈물청소율을측정하였다. 표준검사지는점안된형광색소에대하여각각 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128, 1/256으로희석한것으로형광색소의농도가연해짐에따라 9단계로구분하였다. 18,19 염색정도의수치적인비교를위하여 log2-1 값으로나타내었다. 각막상피병증의정도는형광색소 (Hagg-Streit AG, CH Koniz, Switzerland) 염색으로평가하였으며, 염색된면적과밀도를점수화하여각각을 0부터 3까지로구분하고이를곱한수치로나타내었다. 형광색소염색은각막이염색되지않은경우를 0, 각막의 1/3 미만이염색되는경우를 1, 1/3과 2/3미만사이가염색되는경우를 2, 2/3 이상염색되는경우를 3으로하였고, 밀도점수는염색이되지않은경우를 0, 경도를 1, 중증도를 2, 밀도가높으면서병변이서로겹치는경우를 3으로나타내었다. 19,20 각막감각검사는 Cochet-Bonnet 촉각계 (Luneau Optalmologie, Chartres Cedex, France) 를이용하였는데나일론세사를최대한으로늘인후그끝을각막중심부와수직으로접촉시켰다. 세사의길이를 5밀리미터단위로단계적으로줄여가면서피검자가처음으로감각을느낄때의촉각계의길이를밀리미터로기록하였다. 결막인상세포검사는 0.5% proparacain

3 - 최원외 : 갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린효과 - hydrochloride 로점안마취후 cellulose acetate 여과지 (MFS membrane filter, Advantec MFS, USA) 를각막윤부에인접한하비측구결막에접촉시켜압박하였다. 그후여과지가찢어지지않도록조심스럽게떼어낸후젤라틴이코팅된유리슬라이드위로위치시키고곧바로 95% 에탄올에고정하고 Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) 염색을시행하였다. 편평상피화생정도와술잔세포의밀도를평가는 Nelson 의분류를이용하였다. 21,22 눈물의 CXCL11 농도를측정하기위해치료전과치료후 3개월째유리모세관을이용하여최소자극으로눈물을채취하였고채취직후영하 70도냉동고에보관하였다. CXCL11 의농도는 human CXCL11/I-TAC assay kit (R&D systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) 를이용한 ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 를시행하여측정하였다. CXCL11의최소민감도는 5 pg/ml이었다. 통계는 SPSS 17.0에서각각의군에서치료전과치료후는paired t-test, 두군간비교는 student t-test 를이용하였고, p값이 0.05 이하인경우를유의하다고판정하였다. 결과 1군 (18명, 36안 ) 에서눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각은점안액사용전 3.94 ±1.24초, 4.61 ±2.09 mm, 2.75 ±0.73, 2.75 ±0.73, ±4.13 mm에서치료 3개월후각각 3.78 ± 1.17초 (p = 0.50), 4.28 ± 2.24 mm (p = 0.54), 2.39 ± 0.49 (p = 0.06), 2.75 ± 0.73 (p = 0.90), ± 3.05 mm (p = 0.50) 로, 치료 6개월후각각 6.17 ± 2.91초 (p<0.01), 8.14 ± 2.59 mm (p<0.01), 5.78 ± 0.93 (p<0.01), 1.56 ± 0.69 (p<0.01), ± 2.39 mm (p<0.01) 로, 2군 (18명, 36안 ) 에서는각각점안액사용전 4.19 ± 1.26초, 4.83 ± 2.30 mm, 2.83 ± 2.44, 2.44 ± 1.16, ± 4.22 mm 에서치료 3개월후 5.89 ±2.88 초 (p =0.01), 7.78 ±2.50 mm (p< 0.01), 5.28 ±1.16 (p = 0.01), 1.39 ±0.93 (p = 0.02), ± 2.50 mm (p<0.01) 로, 치료 6개월후 7.58 ± 2.60초 (p<0.01), 9.28 ±2.08 mm (p<0.01), 5.44 ±0.84 (p<0.01), 1.33 ± 0.86 (p = 0.03), ± 2.47 mm (p<0.01) 로, 치료후 1군에서는 6개월, 2군에서는 3개월후부터점안액사용전에비해호전되었다 (Table 1). 결막인상세포검사에서편평상피화생정도는점안액사용전 1군과 2군에서각각 2.22 ± 0.88, 2.33 ± 0.84에서치료 3개월후 2.00 ± 0.84 (p = 0.48), 0.89 ± 0.76 (p<0.01) 로변하였고, 술잔세포의밀도는점안액사용전 1군과 2군에서각각 ± cells/mm 2, ± cells/mm 2 에서치료 3개월후 ±51.91 cells/mm 2 (p = 0.78), ±39.68 cells/ mm 2 (p = 0.01) 로변화하였다 (Fig. 1, Table 2). 눈물내 CXCL11 농도는치료전 1군과 2군에서각각 ± pg/ml (1250~1686 pg/ml) 와 ± pg/ml (1200~1805 pg/ml) 에서치료 3개월후 ± pg/m (1298~1691 pg/ml) (p = 0.77) 와 ± pg/m (350~1521 pg/ml) (p = 0.01) 로변화하였다 (Fig. 2). 점안액사용전두군간의눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증, 각막감각, 편평상피화생, 술잔세포밀도와눈물내 CXCL11 농도는차이가없었으나 (p>0.05), 치료 3개월째모든지표에서, 치료 6개월째눈물막파괴시간과기본눈물분비가두군간에차이가있었다 (p<0.05)(fig. 2, Table 1). 관찰기간중더이상의재발은관찰되지않았다. 고찰 Table 1. Changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters before and after treatment with topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate alone (Group 1) or topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A (Group 2) Baseline 1 month after 3 months after 6 months after treatment treatment treatment Tear break up time (sec) Group ± ± ± ± 2.91 * Group ± ± ± 2.88 * 7.58 ± 2.60 * Basal tear secretion (mm) Group ± ± ± ± 2.59 * Group ± ± ± 2.50 * 9.28 ± 2.08 * Tear clearance rate ((log2) -1 ) Group ± ± ± ± 0.93 * Group ± ± ± 1.16 * 5.44 ± 0.84 * Fluorescein staining score Group ± ± ± ± 0.69 * Group ± ± ± 0.93 * 1.33 ± 0.86 * Corneal sensitivity (mm) Group ± ± ± ± 2.39 * Group ± ± ± 2.50 * ± 2.47 * * p<0.05 compared with baseline; p<0.05 compared with group

4 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - A B C D Figure 1. Impression cytologic findings (PAS, 400) (A,B). Specimen before (A) and 3 months after (B) treatment of topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. (A) Loss of goblet cell and large, polygonal epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 (squamous metaplasia grade 2) is visible. (B) Goblet cell density and microscopic findings did not changed after 3 months of treatment. (C, D) Specimen before (C) and 3 months after (D) treatment of topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A. (C) Loss of goblet cell and large, polygonal epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 (squamous metaplasia grade 2) were visible. (D) Increased periodic acid-schiff positive goblet cells and round epithelial cells with a nucleocytoplasmic ratio of 1:3 (squamous metaplasia grade 1) are shown after 3 months of treatment. Table 2. Changes in impression cytologic findings before and 3 months after treatment in the both groups Baseline 3 months after teatment Group 1 Conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia (grade) 2.22 ± ± 0.84 Goblet cell density (cell/mm 2 ) ± ± Group 2 Conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia (grade) 2.33 ± ± 0.76 * Goblet cell density (cell/mm 2 ) ± ± * * p<0.05 compared with the baseline; p<0.05 compared with group 1. 건성안은임상에서가장흔하게접할수있는질환중의하나로서약 430만명의미국사람이이환되었다고보고되었다. 23 많은자가면역질환이건성안과관련이있고갑상샘안병증또한그중하나라고알려져있다. 안구표면의항상성유지에있어서눈물막의중요한역할이강조되고, 병태생리 적연구가활발히진행되면서건성안환자에서안표면및눈물샘의만성염증이관찰되어건성안은최근염증질환으로이해되기시작하였다. 24 이러한병인에대한이해를바탕으로치료적접근도단순한수성층눈물을보충하던단계에서누액이분비되어눈물층을유지하는쪽으로관심이전환되

5 - 최원외 : 갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린효과 - Figure 2. Comparison of tear CXCL11 levels between before and 3 months after treatment with topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate alone (Group 1) or topical 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine A (Group 2). 었고, 최근에는이러한면역반응및염증반응에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A을주성분으로하는레스타시스가사용되고있다. 사이클로스포린 A은 Tolypocladium에서추출한 hydrophobic, cyclic undecapeptide 물질로서 cyclophilin으로알려진세포내펩타이드에결합하여 helper T세포에의한 IL-2 의발현을방해하고, T세포증식을억제하는작용을나타낸다. 7,25 건성안에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용은 Laibovitz et al 26 이 1993년처음으로보고하였고눈물샘과결막의림프구침윤과세포자멸사를효과적으로감소시킨다고하였다. 또한, 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 사용후 IL-6 농도를감소시키고 HLA-DR 과 CD11A 발현및결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도를증가시킨다고보고되었다 Stevenson et al 30 은건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액이결막의로즈벵갈염색정도와 OSDI (ocular surface disease index) 점수를감소시킨다고하였고, Moon et al 31 은건성안환자에서눈물층의안정화와수성층의분비증가를보인다고하였다. 즉, 건성안환자에서사이클로스포린 A 점안액은 T세포의활성화를억제하여결막과눈물샘의염증을감소시키는것으로요약할수있다. 갑상샘안병증에서안구표면의손상은안검열사이의거리증가, 안구돌출등으로인한안구표면의노출증가에의하고이러한안구표면의노출은눈물의증발을촉진시킨다. 따라서눈물의삼투압과산성도가증가하여건성안과유사한변화를일으키게된다. 3-5 Khurana et al 4 은갑상샘안병증환자에서병이진행할수록눈물막파괴시간이감소하고로즈뱅갈염색을통한각결막병증의정도가증가하여눈물이더산성화가된다고하였으며, 눈물분비는갑상샘안병증과특별한연관이없다고하였다. Gilbard and Farris 5 는갑상샘안병증에서안검열사이의크기가증가할수록안구표면의건성화 를야기한다고하였으나눈물분비는큰영향을받지않는다고하였다. 그러나본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용전에눈물막파괴시간과기본눈물분비가각각 4.07 ± 1.25초와 4.72 ± 2.18 mm로건성안의값을나타내었으며, 결막인상세포검사를통한결막평편상피화생의증가와술잔세포의밀도의감소의소견을보여갑상샘안병증과동반된건성안은안구표면의노출증가와관련된눈물의증발과함께만성적인염증에의한눈물분비감소또한원인이될수있음을알수있었다. 하지만본연구에서는대상이되는환자군의돌출정도가심하지않고, 안구돌출계값이두군간에차이가없어노출군과비노출군을따로구분하여제시하지않았다. 본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액과인공눈물사용후눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증과각막감각은 3개월째호전되어 6개월까지유지되었으며, 결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도, 편평상피화생의정도와눈물내 CXCL11 의농도또한치료후 3개월째호전되었다. 인공눈물만사용한군에서는치료후 6개월째눈물막파괴시간, 기본눈물분비, 눈물청소율, 각막상피병증이호전되었으며, 결막인상세포검사상술잔세포의밀도, 편평상피화생의정도와눈물내 CXCL11 의농도는치료 3개월후에도치료전과통계적으로차이가없었다. Altiparmak et al 32 은인공눈물 (Refresh Tears, Allergan, Waco, TX, USA) 만사용한군과인공눈물과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을사용한군을 6개월후비교하였을때두군간유의한차이가없다고하여본연구와상이한결과를보였다. 이는사용전과사용후 6개월째검사를시행해 0.05% 사이클로스포린과인공누액만점안한경우회복되는속도를비교하지못했으며, 인공눈물과 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을동시에사용한군에서점안을중단한경우와추적관찰이불가능한경우가인공눈물만사용한군보다많아결과에오류가생겼을수있기때문으로생각된다. 4 Oh et al 33 은건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 0.1% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을하루 4회사용하였을때, 1개월째기본눈물분비와눈물막파괴시간이, 3개월째각막감각과결막인상세포검사상술잔세포밀도와편평상피화생정도가호전된다고하였고, 이는본연구에서사용한 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 농도보다높은농도를사용하여본연구결과와부합한다고할수있다. 술잔세포의밀도는안구표면질환의정도를나타내는가장민감한지표이다. 병이진행함에따라술잔세포의밀도는더욱감소하며, 이어서결막상피세포의편평상피화생이나크기증가등의안구표면변화가나타나게된다. 21,28 각막감각, 눈물막파괴시간, 그리고기본눈물분비의호전과관련된안구표

6 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - 면의변화는결막인상세포검사를통해서관찰할수있는데, 본연구에서는 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용 3개월후통계적으로유의한편평세포화생정도의감소와술잔세포밀도의증가를확인할수있었다. 따라서갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린 A 점안후염증의억제에의해눈물막기능지표들의향상과더불어술잔세포의밀도가증가하고, 편평상피화생의정도는감소하여안구표면이정상화됨을추측할수있다. CXCL11 은 α-케모카인군에속하는 ELR-negative군의케모카인으로활성화된 T세포와 NK세포에서발견되는 CXCR3 수용체에작용하여세포매개면역반응에중심적인역할을한다. 34 Interleukin(IL)-2에의해활성화된 T세포에 CXCR3이발현되면이수용체의리간드인 MIG (monokine induced by γ-interferon), IP-10 (interferon-γ inducible protein of 10 kda), I-TAC 이선택적으로결합하며, 이중특히 I-TAC 이높은결합력을갖는다고알려져있다. 35 또한, 이중 I-TAC의농도는건성안의중등도와비례하고눈물막및안구표면인자들과상관성이있다고최근알려져있다. 36 본연구에서는 0.1% sodium hyaluronate와 0.05% cyclosporine A 점안액치료후눈물내 I-TAC 의농도가치료전에비해유의하게감소함을알수있었고이는안구표면에서 T세포매개염증반응이감소함을의미한다고할수있다. 본연구의제한점은대상환자의수가적고갑상샘안병증에서눈물막기능에영향을줄수있는안구돌출과안구표면노출정도에대한고려가이루어지지않았고 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용시불편감을호소하는경우는대상에서제외하였기때문에결과에오류가있을수있다는점이다. 본연구에서는총 38명의건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서 2명의환자가불편감을호소하여 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액사용을중지하였으며이경우는대상에서제외하였다. 또한, 본연구에서는주관적증상의비교분석을객관적자료로제시하지못했지만, 대부분의환자에서객관적지표의호전과함께주관적증상도호전을보였으며, 이에대해향후추가적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 결론적으로, 건성안을동반한갑상샘안병증환자에서인공눈물만단독으로사용하는경우보다 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액을병합하여사용하는경우가더효과적이라고할수있겠다. 참고문헌 1) Char DH. Thyroid eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80: ) Im WI, Choi SS, Yoo HR, Yoon YS. Correlation between the thyroid associated ophthalmopathy and thyroid function state. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2002;43: ) Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF. Grave's ophthalmopathy: a rational approach to treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2002;13: ) Khurana A, Sunder S, Ahluwalia BK, Malhotra KC. Tear film profile in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 1992;70: ) Gilbard JP, Farris RL. Ocular surface drying and tear film osmolarity in thyroid eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol 1983;61: ) Pflugfelder SC, Solomon A, Stern ME. The diagnosis and management of dry eye: a twenty-five-year review. Cornea 2000;19: ) Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Cyclosporine A: immunology, pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Surv Ophthalmol 1986;31: ) Hemady R, Tauber J, Foster SC. Immunosuppressive drugs in immune and inflammatory ocular disease. Surv Ophthalmol 1991;35: ) Jabs DA, Wingard J, Green R, et al. The eye in bone marrow transplantation. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107: ) Bhan AK, Fujikawa LS, Foster CS. T-cell subsets and Langerhans cells in normal and diseased conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 1982;94: ) Gilbard JP, Rossi SR, Azar DT, Heyda KG. Effect of punctal occlusion by Freeman silicone plug insertion on tear osmolarity in dry eye disorder. CLAO J 1989;15: ) Lee EH, Jang JW, Lew HM. The changes of tear osmolarity and protein after silicone punctal plug insertion in dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2001;42: ) Yen MT, Pflugfelder SC, Feuer WJ. The effect of punctual occlusion on tear production, tear clearance and ocular surface sensation in normal subjects. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131: ) Pflugfelder SC, De Paiva CS, Villarreal AL, Stern ME. Effects of sequential artificial tear and cyclosporine A emulsion therapy on conjunctival goblet cell density and transforming growth factor-β2 production. Cornea 2008;27: ) Wilson SE, Perry HD. Long-term resolution of chronic dry eye symptoms and signs after topical cyclosporine A treatment. Ophthalmology 2007;114: ) Roberts CW, Carniglia PE, Brazzo BG. Comparison of topical cyclosporine A, punctal occlusion, and a combination for the treatment of dry eye. Cornea 2007;26: ) Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, et al. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73: ) Tsubota K. Tear dynamics and dry eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 1998;17: ) Kaido M, Goto E, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Punctal occlusion for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ophthalmology 2004;111: ) Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Im SK, et al. Therapeutic effect of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of dry eye associated with graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007;39: ) Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea 1988;7: ) Yoon KC, Heo H, Im SK, et al. Comparison of autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops for dry eye syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144: ) Perry HD, Donnenfeld ED. Dry eye diagnosis and management in Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004;15: ) O Brien PD, Collum LM. Dry eye: Diagnosis and current treatment strategies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004;4: ) Small DS, Acheampong A, Reis B, et al. Blood concentrations of cyclosporin during long term treatment with cyclosporin oph

7 - 최원외 : 갑상샘안병증에서사이클로스포린효과 - thalmic emulsion in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2002;18: ) Laibovitz RA, Solch S, Andriano K, et al. Pilot trial of cyclosporine 1% ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Cornea 1993;12: ) Raphael M, Bellefqih S, Piette JCH, et al. Conjunctival biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome: correlations between histological and immunohistochemical features. Histopathology 1988;13: ) Kunert KS, Tisdale AS, Stern ME, et al. Analysis of topical cyclosporine A treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118: ) Turner K, Pflugfelder SC, Ji Z, et al. Interleukin-6 levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with dry eye disease treated with cyclosporine A ophthalmic emulsion. Cornea 2000;19: ) Stevenson D, Tauber J, Reis BL. Efficacy and safety of cyclosporin A ophthalmic emulsion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye disease: a dose-ranging, randomized trial. The Cyclosporin A Phase 2 Study Group. Ophthalmology 2000;107: ) Moon JW, Lee HJ, Shin KC, et al. Short term effects of topical cyclosporine A and viscoelastic on the ocular surfaces in patients with dry eye. Korean J Ophthalmol 2007;21: ) Altiparmak UE, Acar DE, Ozer PA, et al. Topical cyclosporine A for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients. Eye (Lond) 2009 Oct 16[Epub ahead of print] 33) Oh HJ, You IC, Yoon KC. Changes of tear parameters after using cyclosporine A in dry eye with thyroid ophthalmopathy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;48: ) McInnis KA, Britain A, Lausch RN, Oakes JE. Human corneal epithelial cells synthesize ELR(-)alpha-chemokines in response to proinflammatory mediators. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2007;15: ) Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, et al. Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-elr CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T cells through selective high affinity binding to CXCR3. J Exp Med 1998;187: ) Yoon KC, Park CS, You IC, et al. Expression of CXCL9, -10, -11, and CXCR3 in the tear film and ocular surface of patients with dry eye syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:

8 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 10 호 - =ABSTRACT= Effect of Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A in Dry Eye Associated With Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Won Choi, MD 1, Yeoung-Geol Park, MD 1, Jae-Kap Cho, MD 2, Kyung-Chul Yoon, MD, PhD 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Medical School 1, Gwangju, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Seonam University College of Medicine 2, Namwon, Korea Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters after using sodium hyaluronate (SH) 0.1% alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. Methods: A total of 72 eyes from 36 patients were divided into two groups; 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with 0.1% SH alone (group 1), and 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with SH 0.1% and CsA 0.05% (group 2). Tear break-up time (BUT), basal tear secretion test (BST), tear clearance rate (TCR), fluorescein staining (FS) and corneal sensitivity test (CST) were evaluated at pre-treatment and one, three and six months post-treatment. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed and tear CXCL11 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand) levels were measured pre-treatment and three months post-treatment. Results: BUT, BST, TCR, KEP and CST were significantly improved at six months in group 1 (p < 0.05) and at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). The degree of conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia, goblet cell density and tear CXCL11 levels were significantly changed at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in group 1 after 3 months. Conclusions: Combined use of topical 0.1% SH and 0.05% CsA can result in early improvement in tear films and ocular surface parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(10): Key Words: Cyclosporine, Dry eye syndrome, Sodium hyaluronate, Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy Address reprint requests to Kyung-Chul Yoon, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Medical School #8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwang-ju , Korea Tel: , Fax: , kcyoon@chonnam.ac.kr

< D BEC8B1B8B0C7C1B6C1F520C8AFC0DABFA1BCAD20BBE7C0CCC5ACB7CEBDBAC6F7B8B020302E C1A1BEC8BED7C0C720C0D3BBF3C8BFB0FA

< D BEC8B1B8B0C7C1B6C1F520C8AFC0DABFA1BCAD20BBE7C0CCC5ACB7CEBDBAC6F7B8B020302E C1A1BEC8BED7C0C720C0D3BBF3C8BFB0FA 대한안과학회지 2008 년제 49 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(10):1583-1588 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.10.1583 안구건조증환자에서사이클로스포린 0.05% 점안액의임상효과 변용수 전은정 정성근 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과및시과학교실 목적 : 안구건조증환자에서레스타시스 R (Cyclosporine

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16 야간뇨의진단과치료 - 실제적접근 - Reference 1. Choo MS, Ku JH, Park CH et al. Prevalence of Nocturia in a Korean Population Aged 40 to 89 Years. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:60-64. 2. Weiss JP. Prevalence

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120: Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136:884-890 Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 03; 1:446-464 1 10 0 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE Cream Cream 80 7 70 6 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

(김재찬-주광식) hwp

(김재찬-주광식) hwp = 증례보고 = 중증건성안에서헤파린과인지질을사용한복합치료의임상적효과 대한안과학회지 년제 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc ;(8):7- pissn: 78-67 eissn: 9-97 DOI :./jkos...8.7 주광식 전연숙 김재찬 중앙대학교의과대학안과학교실 목적 : 중증건성안에서기존의치료에점안헤파린제재인 Hylo-Parin R 과분무형태의인지질제재인

More information

00약제부봄호c03逞풚

00약제부봄호c03逞풚 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

<30362D31362D B1E8C7F6BDC22DB1E8B7A1BFB E687770>

<30362D31362D B1E8C7F6BDC22DB1E8B7A1BFB E687770> 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 7 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(7):788-796 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.7.788 Original Article 눈물지질층두께와안구표면임상인자간의상관관계분석

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net

More information

안구건조증의새로운어푸로치, 인테그린억제제지이드라 저자최병철 약학정보원학술자문위원 머리말 샤이어 (Shire) 의지이드라 (Xiidra R, 성분명 : 리피테그라스트, lifitegrast) 5% ophthalmic solution ( 점안액 ) 은 lymphocyte

안구건조증의새로운어푸로치, 인테그린억제제지이드라 저자최병철 약학정보원학술자문위원 머리말 샤이어 (Shire) 의지이드라 (Xiidra R, 성분명 : 리피테그라스트, lifitegrast) 5% ophthalmic solution ( 점안액 ) 은 lymphocyte 안구건조증의새로운어푸로치, 인테그린억제제지이드라 저자최병철 약학정보원학술자문위원 머리말 샤이어 (Shire) 의지이드라 (Xiidra R, 성분명 : 리피테그라스트, lifitegrast) 5% ophthalmic solution ( 점안액 ) 은 lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 또는 CD11a/CD18

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

α α α α α

α α α α α α α α α α α α α 太陰調胃湯加減方 dbdb 마우스 肝에 대한 아디포사이토카인 및 발현에 미치는 영향 SREBPs 와 섞어서 하고 마커 또한 하여 전기 영동을 하였다 전기영동을 한 후에 에 를 쪼여서 각 를 확인하였다 이 를 프로그램을 이용해 수치화하 여 분석하였다 肝 조직 동결 절편 분리한 조직은 로 시간 동안 고정 시킨 후 에 세척한 후 물기를

More information

<32312D31312D323528C1A4C5C2BFB52DC0CCC0BAC1A E687770>

<32312D31312D323528C1A4C5C2BFB52DC0CCC0BAC1A E687770> 대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(2):291-295 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.2.291 Case Report 히알우론산나트륨점안액의장기사용으로인한독성각막염 1

More information

<30332D31372D BFECC0CEC8A32DBCDBC1BEBCAE E687770>

<30332D31372D BFECC0CEC8A32DBCDBC1BEBCAE E687770> 대한안과학회지 2018 년제 59 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(2):117-122 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.2.117 Original Article 국내상품화된다양한인공눈물제품의오스몰농도비교 Comparison

More information

Kaes025.hwp

Kaes025.hwp 고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer

More information

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR 6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

<30332D31362D C1A4BCBABFEB2DC0CCBBF3B9FC E687770>

<30332D31362D C1A4BCBABFEB2DC0CCBBF3B9FC E687770> 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 9 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(9):1354-1360 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.9.1354 Original Article 각막지형도를이용한새로운비침습적눈물막파괴시간검사의신뢰도평가

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

<28313231322D313231392920C7D1B1B9C0CE20B4DCBCF8C6F7C1F8B0A2B8B7BFB020C8AFC0DAC0C720C0D3BBF320BAD0BCAE283038292E687770>

<28313231322D313231392920C7D1B1B9C0CE20B4DCBCF8C6F7C1F8B0A2B8B7BFB020C8AFC0DAC0C720C0D3BBF320BAD0BCAE283038292E687770> 한국인 단순포진각막염 환자의 임상 분석 1212 1213 Figure 1. Comparison of the mean remission time between various types of herpetic keratitis, and the effect of oral acyclovir on remission time. Error bar: ±2 standard deviation.

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘ Common Allergic Diseases in Children Sang - Il Lee, M.D. Department of pediatrics Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center E - mail : silee@smc.samsung.co.kr Abstract Allergy

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

MHC T cell Receptor Antigen Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell CD28 B7 Activation (proliferation Cytokine production Cytotoxicity) Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell Dormant State

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

Kaes010.hwp

Kaes010.hwp 갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 역류성식도질환제대로이해하기 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Jae-Young Jang, M.D., PhD. 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 109 최신치료

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

< D30312D323128C0B1B0E6C3B62DC1A4BCBCC7FC D E687770>

< D30312D323128C0B1B0E6C3B62DC1A4BCBCC7FC D E687770> = 증례보고 = 데스메막박리자동각막내피층판이식술후발생한단순포진바이러스각막염 1 예 대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 3 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(3):473-477 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.3.473 정세형 1 조재갑

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770>

<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770> 2형 오브스캔 각막지형도를 이용한 원추각막과 원추각막의증의 각막형태비교 1599 1600 Figure 1. The map of Orbscan II topography in keratoconus. The parameters including central corneal power, anterior and posterior elevation from BFS and

More information

7.ƯÁýb71ÎÀ¯È« š

7.ƯÁýb71ÎÀ¯È« š J KMA Special Issue Myelodysplastic Syndrome June Won Cheong, MD Yoo Hong Min, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine E mail : jwcheong70@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr minbrmmd@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr

More information

03-JKOS hwp

03-JKOS hwp 대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(6):519-527 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2019.60.6.519 Original Article 백내장수술후마이봄샘기능부전과눈물지질층분석 Meibomian

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

(이정규-허정)1514.hwp

(이정규-허정)1514.hwp 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(10):1514-1520 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.10.1514 Original Article 안와감압술이갑상선안병증환자의삶의질에미치는영향

More information

<32352D31302D313128C7D1BFB5B1D92DBCB3BAB8B6F E687770>

<32352D31302D313128C7D1BFB5B1D92DBCB3BAB8B6F E687770> = 증례보고 = 미용적눈꺼풀테문신술후발생한마이봄샘분비장애 1 예 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(8):1309-1313 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.8.1309 설보람 1,2 권지원 3

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(3):191-201, September 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.3.191 The Effect of Artificial Tear Components on Tear Film Stability of Dry Eyes in the Early Stage

More information

IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â 20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

Kaes017.hwp

Kaes017.hwp 갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770>

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770> 醫 史 學 제18권 제2호(통권 제35호) 2009년 12월 Korean J Med Hist 18ː57 72 18ː173-188 Dec. Dec. 2009 2009 C 大 韓 醫 史 學 會 ISSN ISSN 1225 505X 1225-505X 지방병 연구와 식민지배 : 1927년 영흥 및 해남지역 에메틴 중독사건을 중심으로 신 규 환* 1. 머리말 2. 일제의

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

<30352D30382D323228B1E8C0E7C2F92DC0D3B0E6BCB E687770>

<30352D30382D323228B1E8C0E7C2F92DC0D3B0E6BCB E687770> 대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(4):498-505 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.4.498 Original rticle 실모양각막염의발생에건성각결막염과각막의폐쇄가미치는영향의비교 The Difference

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information