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1 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 3, (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) DTV a)b), a), a) Measurement of Vertical-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter Hyung-Do Park a)b), Sol Lim a), Dae Jin Kim a) DTV 9m DTV. DTV. 43dBμV/m. DTV. DTV M/W DTV 3.,,. Abstract DTV field tests have been performed to measure field strength and to check reception ratio on indoor and outdoor sites. They use an antenna of 9m to measure DTV signal in case of outdoor measurement on the road. Modern skyscrapers require the analysis of vertical-directional wave propagation by measuring vertical-directional DTV signal. Even if the field strength is above the reception threshold of 43dBμV/m, the reception is impossible in case of strong multi-path or high impulse noise. So, vertical-directional field measurement is essential in environment of tall buildings. In this paper, we developed an octo type multi-copter to measure vertical-directional DTV signal level. A compact and portable DTV signal level meter, an antenna, a microwave transmitter for data transmission, and a recording equipment are equipped in the multi-copter. Three different sites are selected to test the measurement system. Developed measurement system using the multi-copter is very useful in measuring vertical-directional DTV signal, especially in apartments, non-accessible area by vehicles, and forbidden areas. Keywords: DTV field test, DTV signal level, vertical-direction, multi-copter, non-accessible area. a) (Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University) b) () (Gwangju Munhwa Broadcasting Corp.) Corresponding Author : (Dae Jin Kim) djinkim@chonnam.ac.kr ( ). Manuscript received February 13, 2014 Revised March 19, 2014 Accepted April 22, 2014

2 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter). 1990,,,., NTSC,,.. FCC(Federal Communications Commission) ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee). DVB-T(Digital Video Broadcasting- Terrestrial),, (SFN: Single Frequency Network) TV ATSC , , NTSC-DTV,, DTV-DTV -DTV, (multipath), (impulse noise), (fading),,, 9m DTV [1-9]. 9m.,.,.,, DTV [10],. DTV,, DTV, DTV, 3 DTV, 4 DTV, 5.. DTV 1 DTV R/C,,,. [10].,,., LED

3 374 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제3호, 2014년 5월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) 를 개발 장착하여 비행 가시성을 높였다. 크기는 이동성을 고려하여 업무용 자동차 트렁크에 탑재 가능한 크기로 프 로펠러 제외 직경 1,000mm(프로펠러 포함 시 1,320mm), 높이 350mm, 안테나 높이 650mm이다. 그림 2에서 비행 제어기판(Multi-Copter Controller)과 비행정보 문자 생성 용 OSD(On Screen Display)는 항공촬영용으로 성능이 검 증된 D사의 업무용 WooKong-M 과 iosd 를 사용하였 다. 그림 2의 멀티콥터 구조 블록에서 M1 ~ M8까지의 모 터는 6셀(22.2V)용 490kV 8개, 변속기 ESC(Electrical Speed Controller)1 ~ ESC8은 30A용을 8개 사용하였다. 지 상제어 시스템 블록의 R/C 송수신기는 F사의 T8FG를 사용 하며 주파수는 2.4GHz이고 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 변조 방식을 사용한다. 채널은 14채널까지 확장 가능 하며 외부장치와 간단히 연결할 수 있는 시리얼 제어용 S-BUS 기능을 보유하고 있다. 동력으로 사용되는 리튬폴 [11] 그림 1. DTV 수신신호 레벨 측정용 멀티콥터 사진 Fig 1. Proposed multi-copter for measuring DTV signal level 그림 2. DTV 수신신호 레벨 측정 시스템과 멀티콥터 블록 다이어그램 Fig 2. A block diagram of multi-copter and DTV measurement system [12]

4 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter) 5800mAh 6S1P(6Cell/Pack)/22.2V mAh 3S1P/ 11.1V. OSD,,,,,,,, GPS. BEC(Battery Elimination Circuit) 12V 3A, 5V 5A. 3.4kg,, M/W DVR 1kg 4.4kg. 0.9kg 1.8kg. 6.2kg ,.,.,.,,.,,.... DTV 1. DTV DTV 1. DTV Table 1. Specifications of DTV transmitter 300 () 1-1() 35 7'34.9" '24.2 HARRIS HARRIS DHD10P1 DHD10P1 2.5kW 2.5kW PLL 8-VSB MRF-373S MRF-373S MHz(CH14) 4 Dipole(: UHF - 4D - W) (m) (4)-143 (4)-233 (4)-323 (4) TILT : 1.5, 0.0, 0.0, 4, : ( 908) 46

5 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) 3., Fig 3. Transmission tower and horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna () DTV 2.5kW, 473 MHz, DTV 14. 1, m, 49m 46m , 0.0, 0.0, 4 53 (4)- 143 (4)-233 (4)-323 (4) 1 : 4 : 4 : , 4. DTV Fig 4. The structure of DTV transmission system

6 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter). SMPTE VSB,, U-LINK. 2. DTV, DVR M/W DVR DTV T 1500D DTV, NTSC, OSD, DVR(Digital Video Recorder) M/W. 5 M/W 7" NTSC DVR.,. DTV 6dB 6dB. DTV. DTV DTV LCD NTSC. GPS OSD DVR. M/W 10mW 10~20m. DVR., 5. DTV Fig 5. Ground station of DTV signal level measurement system 6. (V),,,, GPS,,,,,, (MHz), (A:, D: ), (dbμv), (MHz), (db).

7 378 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제3호, 2014년 5월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) 그림 6. 비행정보 및 DTV 수신신호 레벨 측정화면 Fig 6. Flight information and DTV signal level display Ⅳ. 수직방향 DTV 수신신호 레벨 측정 필드 테스트 1. 에서 직접 측정한 값과 건물에서 10m(분수대 중심)떨어져 서 멀티콥터를 수직이동하면서 측정한 수신신호 레벨값을 1m 단위로 비교 분석하고자 한다. 측정 시나리오 및 사이트 선택 본 논문에서 수행하고자 하는 수직적인 필드테스트의 목 적으로 가장 중요한 것은 멀티콥터 DTV 측정시스템의 실 용성 검증과 DTV 서비스망 관리를 위한 수직적인 전파 전 파 특성의 파악이다. 세 가지 경우의 필드테스트를 수행하 였는데 첫째는 멀티콥터 측정값과 직접측정값을 비교하고, 둘째는 높이에 따른 수직적 수신신호 레벨을 분석하기 위 함이고, 셋째는 장애물 영향에 따른 DTV 수신신호 레벨의 변화를 분석하기 위해서이다. 첫번째로, 멀티콥터로 측정한 DTV 수신신호 레벨값의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 건물 밖에서 멀티콥터로 측정한 값과 건물에서 창밖을 측정한 값을 비교하는 필드테스트를 수행하였다. 송신소와의 거리가 8.89km, 해발 높이 83m인 광주광역시 남구 월산동 300번지에 위치하고 있는 그림 7 의 5층 높이 광주MBC 건물 정면 우측 모서리 수신신호 레 벨이 높은 지역을 측정하였는데, 0~30m 높이에 따라 건물 그림 7. 광주MBC 에서의 첫 번째 시험 사진 Fig 7. A photo of 1st experiment at Gwangju-MBC

8 박형도 외 인 멀티콥터를 이용한 수직방향 신호 레벨 측정 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter) 두번째로, 수직방향의 DTV 수신신호 레벨 변화를 측정 분석하기 위하여, 그림 8의 광주광역시 북구 오룡동 첨단근 린공원 운동장(해발 25m, 송신소와의 거리 16.2km)에서 수 직방향 1m 단위로 최대높이 40m까지 측정한다. 379 높이 16m) 앞에서 1m 단위로 37m까지 측정하여 비교 데이터로 이용하고자 한다. 전남대학교 공과대학 7호 관은 송신소 방향으로 앞 쪽에 4층 건물이 위치하고 있어 약 4층까지는 장애물의 영향을 받을 것으로 예상된다. 9.53km, 그림 8. 첨단 근린공원 운동장에서의 두 번째 시험 사진 Fig 8. A photo of 2nd experiment at Chomdan park ground 세번째로, 장애물이 있는 경우의 높이에 따른 전계강도 의 변화를 측정하기 위해 그림 9의 전남대학교 공과대학 7호관(해발 46m, 송신소와의 거리 9.56km, 높이 37m) 앞에 서 측정하였다. 지상에서 약 4층까지 장애물이 없는 경우의 수신신호 레벨이 얼마나 되는지 알아보기 위하여 그림 10 의 전남대학교 본부건물(해발 44m, 송신소와의 거리 그림 10. 전남대학교 본부건물 앞 Fig 10. Headquarter building in Chonnam National University 2. 그림 9. 전남대학교 공과대학 7호관 Fig 9. Engineering building 7 in Chonnam National University 수직방향 필드테스트 측정값 분석 첫번째로, 필드테스트 장소인 광주문화방송의 측정위치 와 송신소에서 광주문화방송 까지의 지형프로필이 그림 11 에 나타나 있다. 송신소와의 거리는 8.89km이고 해발 높이 83m 5층 높이의 광주MBC 건물에서 정면 우측 모서리 수 신신호 레벨이 높은 지역에서 측정하였는데 60~65dBμV의 수신신호 레벨 지역은 반사파나 잡음의 영향을 적게 받는 다. 결과를 살펴보면 편차가 3dBμV 이내로 직접 측정과 간 접측정 간의 큰 차이가 없어 실용성에는 문제가 없는 것으 로 나타났다. 그림 12는 0~30m의 높이에 따라 건물에서 창 밖으로 직접 측정한 값과 건물에서 10m(분수대 중심)떨어 져서 멀티콥터를 수직이동하면서 측정한 수신신호 레벨값 이다.

9 380 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제3호, 2014년 5월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) 그림 11. 광주MBC 측정위치 및 지형 프로필 Fig 11. Gwangju-MBC measurement location and terrain profile 그림 12. 광주MBC 건물 직접 측정값과 비행체 측정값 비교 그래프 Fig 12. A comparing signal level graph between aircraft and direct measurement in Gwangju-MBC building 두번째, 첨단 근린공원 운동장 측정 위치와 송신소에서 측정지점까지의 지형 프로필을 그림 13에서 보여주고 있 다. 광주광역시 북구 오룡동 첨단근린공원 운동장(해발 송신소와의 거리 16.2km)은 장애물이 없는 확트인 공 간이다. 1m 단위 40m까지의 높이에 따른 DTV 수신신호 레벨 측정값이 그림 14에 나타나 있는데 지표면에서부터 25m,

10 박형도 외 인 멀티콥터를 이용한 수직방향 신호 레벨 측정 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter) 381 그림13. 첨단 근린공원 운동장 측정위치 및 지형 프로필 Fig 13. Chomdan park ground measurement location and terrain profile 그림 14. 첨단 근린공원 운동장 측정값 그래프 Fig 14. A graph of DTV signal level at Chomdan park ground 약 6m 까지는 서서히 수신신호 레벨이 증가 하다가 약 7m 이상부터는 수신신호 레벨의 큰 변화가 없는 것을 알 수 있다. 세 번째 장소인 전남대학교의 측정위치와 송신소로부터

11 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014) Fig 15. Headquarter building and engineering building 7 in Chonnam National University each location is shown and terrain profile Fig 16. A comparing signal level graph between headquarter building and engineering building 7 in Chonnam National University 15. ( 44m, 9.53km, 16m) 7( 46m, 9.56km, 37m). 7

12 2 : DTV (Hyung Do Park et al. : Measurement of Vertival-Directional DTV Signal Level Using a Multi-Copter) 4 1m. 16 6m m 15m 12dBμV 30m 4dBμV 15m 3dBμV ,,. 9m DTV. DTV 40m km. 3.,,,,. (References) [1] H-K. Mok, Y-W. Suh, H-S. Hwang Field Test Results Of Terrestrial Digital TV in Korea Journal of Broadcasting Engineering, vol.5, no.2, pp , Dec [2] Y-W. Suh, H-K. Mok, T-H. Kwon Analysis of Field Test Results of Digital TV On-Channel Repeaters Journal of Broadcasting Engineering, vol.7, no.1, pp.10-20, Mar [3] S-H. Wang, Y-W. Suh, H-K. Mok, J-Y. Lee, Y-H. Lee, H-M. Kim Field Test Results Of A DTV Distributed Translator Network Journal of Broadcasting Engineering, vol.13, no.4, pp , Jul [4] G. Sgrignoli, Preliminary DTV field test results and their effects on VSB receiver design, IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol.45, no.3, pp , Aug [5] Y. Wu, Performance comparison of ATSC 8-VSB and DVB-T COFDM transmission systems for digital television terrestrial broadcasting, IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol.45, no.3, pp , Aug [6] Y. Wu, E. Pliszka, B. Caron, P. Bouchard, and G. Chouinard, Comparison of terrestrial DTV transmission system: the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T, and ISDB-T BST-OFDM, IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol.46, no.2, pp , June [7] C.-C. Lin, C.-M. Chen, J.-H. Tarng, H.-M. Hang, and H.-C. Yu, Analysis of ATSC field test results in Taiwan, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol.48, no.1, pp.3843, Mar [8] S. I. Park, Y.-T. Lee, J. Y. Lee, S. W. Kim, and S. I. Lee, Field test results of the E-VSB system in Korea, IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol.53, no.1, pp.1422, Mar [9] S. I. Park, H. Eum, J. H. Seo, H. M. Kim, S. I. Lee, and Y. Wu, Field test results of distributed translator network for ATSC terrestrial DTV system, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Broad band Multimedia Systems and Broad casting(bmsb), pp.15, Mar [10] Hyung-Do Park and Dae Jin Kim "Multi-copter plane for DTV field strength measurement," International Conference on SMA pp.1-3 Jul [11] h ttp :/ /d ow n lo ad.d ji-inn o vati on s.co m /d o w n lo a ds/w k m /e n/ WooKong-M_Quick_Start_Guide_v1.12_en.pdf. [12] manual_v2.08_en.pdf.

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