Four-Dimensional Space and Structure of The Universe (1) Sanghoon Yeo Graduate School of Complementary Alternative Medicine, College of medicine, CHA

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1 Four-Dimensional Space and Structure of The Universe (1) Sanghoon Yeo Graduate School of Complementary Alternative Medicine, College of medicine, CHA University 1) 원제목 : 5 차원시공간과우주의구조 (1)

2 Abstract Four-dimensional space (Five-dimensional space-time) is introduced by accepting the new concept 'the degree of time-space expansion'. Because the velocity of light is constant in every inertial system, the relation between velocities in the same inertial system obey the law of velocity addition in relativisity, but the relation between each velocity in the different inertial systems obey the law of velocity addition in classic. Therefore superluminal phenomenons can be allowed. Because a period of time and a distance of space are expanded or constricted to a same ratio by tuning each other, the characteristic movement like 'slow motion and fast movement' is occurred. As a result, time travel can not be allowed by physics because the final differences of elapsed time do not differ from each other. The occurrence of galactic redshift according to distance from galaxy can be reinterpreted by the effect of the degree of increased time-space expansion, not by the effect of Doppler. According to this hypothesis, cosmic push power (antigravity) and dark energy can be explained clearly. After enough consideration of thermodynamic states according to the expansion or constriction of cosmic time-space continuum, the change of cosmic temperature is presumed not to happen fundamentally and the cosmic proper states seem to be preserved. By the result of astronomical observation on the jets from active galactic nuclei, the superluminal motion is presumed to exist really and the concept of a black hole can be suggested newly. Because the ideal singular point which is absolutely zero in size and absolutely infinity in density, seems not to be made by the collapse of star, a black hole is presumed to be a kind of space structure which has the ideal singular point, not to be a celestial object. The ideal singular point seems to act as a wormhole. Dark matter is presumed to be huge structure of gravitational field which is made by the ideal singular point. The model of grand cosmos is suggested as many other cosmoses with different degree of time-space expansion are piled up like onion structure. The black hole which has the ideal singular point, is presumed to play an important part of the galaxy formation, and the hypothesis that a galaxy is formed through the black hole is suggested newly. key word : the degree of time-space expansion, superluminal phenomenon, black hole, wormhole, dark energy, dark matter

3 그림 1. 방향으로진행하는파동

4 그림2. 마이컬슨간섭계

5 X A Y B 그림3. B기준계에정지해있는두시계

6 그림 4. A 기준계에서본 B 기준계의시계 그림 5. A 기준계에서관찰한빛이 X 시계에 도달한시간 그림 6. A 기준계에서관찰한빛이 Y 시계에 도달한시간

7 B 그림 7. 다른관성계사이의속도의합 A

8 B 그림 8. 같은관성계내의속도의합 A

9 B A 그림9. 다른기준계사이의관계성

10 Moncton Hache Porier (Appl. Phys. Lett.)

11 뮤온 지구 자 그림 10. 뮤온의이동 B 기준계 ( ) A 기준계 ( ) 그림 11. 시공간팽창도가다른기준계사이의움직임비교

12 속도의증가관찰자 그림 12. 속도증가에따른우주선크기변화 ( 오류 ) 21)22)23) 속도의증가 관찰자 그림 13. 속도증가에따른우주선크기변화 ( 수정 ) 2) 2) 묘사된우주선길이팽창은 우주선길이 이동속도팽창 이라는의미를갖고있음

13 그림14. 광속초월조건 (1) 그림15. 광속초월조건 (2) 그림16. 광속초월조건 (3) 그림17. 공간의테두리와속도

14 A B 그림 18. 휘어진공간에서의쌍둥이역설 ( 외부관찰자의관점 ) 그림 19. 휘어진공간에서의쌍둥이역설 ( 내부관찰자의관점 ) A B

15 - 99 -

18 그림23. 4차원시공간과시공간팽창도

20 Black Holes & Time Warps 주변길이 주변길이 k k 200km k m 중력 중력 블랙홀 블랙홀 ( 실제모습 ) ( 인용내용 ) 그림24. 중력방향해석의오류

21 그림26. 수축된공간구조 의예

22 그림27. 수축된공간구조 의두측면과빛 시공간팽창도가작은경우시공간팽창도가큰경우 그림28. 수축된공간구조

23 수축된공간구조 시공간팽창도낮음시공간팽창도높음 그림30. 수축된공간구조물 과빛의굴절 그림 29. 수축된공간구조물 과빛

24 속도 증가 그림 31. ' 시공간팽창도 ' 가다른두공간상의등속관성운동 ( 외부관찰자의관점 ) 중력 그림 32. ' 시공간팽창도 ' 가연속적으로 증가하는시공간연속체에서의중력형성 ( 휘어진시공간패러다임 ) 빛의휨지구그림33. ' 시공간팽창도 ' 가연속적으로증가하는시공간연속체에서의빛의휨현상 ( 휘어진시공간패러다임 ) 그림34. 물리적공간과초공간

25 물리적공간 ( 의수축된공간 ) 의기준계공간 초공간 ( 의펼쳐진공간 ) 그림35. 수축된공간과펼쳐진공간 ( ) 그림36. 수축된공간구조의비교

26 별그림37. 별주변의시공간격자모형 ( 평평한시공간패러다임 ) 그림38. 시공간팽창도와파동

27 A 1 빛다발 3 B 2 4 태양그림39. 빛다발의단면 빛별그림40. 별주변의빛의휨 ( 평평한시공간패러다임 )

28 그림41. 중력렌즈현상 파장 :2 파장 :1/2 파장 : 파장 :4 파장 : 파장 : 그림42. 시공간팽창도와적색편이

29 그림43. 은하의거리와적색편이

30 중력에 균형 의증가에 의한인력 따른척력 ( 암흑에너지 ) 우주는팽창도수축도하지않음 ( 정상우주론 ) 우리은하계 공간거리 : 백만pc 그림44. 암흑에너지와정상우주론

31 그림 45. 코비에의해촬영된우주배경복사

32 그림 산테레인에서촬영한 UFO

34 1) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) col01-26.htm = ) Charles Q. Choi, Sound Pulses Exceed Speed of Light, Special to LiveScience posted: 12 January :20 am ET _ftl_sound.html 15) W.M.robertson, J Pappafotis, P.Flannigan, J.Cathey, B.Cthey, C.Klaus, sound beyond the speed of light: Measurement of negative group velocity in an acoustic loop filter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, (2007) (3 pages) 16) 빛보다 6000배빠른정보전달, 엠디플레닛, p?id=news1&page=13&sn1=&divpage=1& sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&select_arrange=hea dnum&desc=asc&no=118 ent503/physics02.html

35 ) Kwak, Kyeong Do, Length Expansion. Institute of Asian Studies, Seoul ) von Laue M.- Ann. Phys(Leipzig), 35, p.124, ) Oleg. D. Jefimenco, Retardation and Relativity: The case of a moving line charge. Am. J. Phys. 63(5) 454p ) 26) 27) 29) 30) P.C.W.Davies, Tamara M.Davis, Charles H. Lineweaver, Black holes constrain varing constants, Nature vol 418, p , 8 Aug ) CNN한글뉴스, 2002년 8월16일, 아 인슈타인이론틀렸을수도있다. tal_id=

36 tal_id= n.asp?tnu= &catecode=f&cp age= /h htm html tal_id= ) 46) 47) The superluminal radio source in the gamma-ray blazar 3C l 48) B. G. Piner, D. Bhattarai, P. G. Edwards, and D. L. Jones, The Fastest Relativistic Jets: VLBA Observations of Blazars with Apparent Speeds Exceeding 25c, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 640, p , ) QUASAR JET EXCEEDS 7 TIMES THE SPEED OF LIGHT 50) Superluminal Motion in the M87 Jet

The degree of Space-Time Expansion; Quantum Gravity Space Hypothesis Sanghoon Yeo Graduate School of Complementary Alternative Medicine, College of me

The degree of Space-Time Expansion; Quantum Gravity Space Hypothesis Sanghoon Yeo Graduate School of Complementary Alternative Medicine, College of medicine, CHA University yshoono@hotmail.com Abstract