3rd Edition George Trombley Reed Bullen Sunhee Bong Myunghee Ham 2014 All Rights Reserved, From Zero, LLC.

Transcription

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2 3rd Edition George Trombley Reed Bullen Sunhee Bong Myunghee Ham 2014 All Rights Reserved, From Zero, LLC.

3 Distributed worldwide by: From Zero LLC S. Eastern Ave. #A769 Henderson, NV Contact us: Copyright 2014 From Zero, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA / England / Australia ISBN-10: ISBN-13: st edition, May nd edition, August 2014 (minor revisions & new cover art) 3rd edition, October 2014 (corrections and additions) KoreanFromZero.com

4 Korean From Zero! Book 1 Table of Contents Revision 3.1 Welcome!... 1 Introduction... 1 Welcome to KOREAN FROM ZERO! Korean characters Korean punctuation facts Before grammar About the authors WRITE IN THIS BOOK! Special Thanks! Special Thanks to reddit.com/r/korean reviewers! Hangul Writing Part Hangul Consonants and Vowels... 6 Hangul Points... 7 A-1. Using consonants and vowels to create simple hangul A-2. Writing order and orientation A-3. The different sounds of ㄱ, ㄹ A-4. The sound difference between ㅓ and ㅗ Hangul Writing Part Hangul Points B-1. Creating pure vowels with ㅇ B-2. Written versions versus font versions of hangul B-3. The different sounds of ㅅ B-4. The difference between ㅐ and ㅔ B-5. The difference between ㅜ and ㅡ Hangul Writing Part Hangul Points C-1. The difference between ㅒ and ㅖ C-2. Written and typed versions of ㅎ C-3. Hard and soft sounds with hangul Hangul Writing Part Hangul Points D-1. Double vowels D-2. 위 vs 외 sound differences D-3. The double vowels D-4. ㅟ and ㅢ sound differences

5 D-5. Double consonant sounds versus other sounds Hangul Writing Part Hangul Points E-1. Hangul with a final consonant E-2. Answers to common questions E-3. Double vowels E-4. The ng sound when ㅇ is the final consonant Typing Hangul on your Keyboard Hangul Typing Points F-1. Typing your first and second characters F-2. Shift characters F-3. Shortcuts and the spacebar (Windows) F-4. Hangul typing exercise Hangul sound change rules G-1. T-stops G-2. ㅅ followed by ㅎ G-3. S to SH sound with ㅅ G-4. L and R sound for ㄹ (리을) G-5. ㄹ(리을) and ㄴ (니은) combinations G-6. Silent 겹받침 (double consonant) G-7. Random CH sound when not expected G-8. The various sounds for 하다 G-9. Shift to hard sound after and before ㅎ Lesson 1: 20 Starter Phrases Communication Coming and Going Quick Answers Manners Additional Phrases Lesson 2: Korean Numbers Korean Number System 한국의 숫자 Different Korean Number Systems 2-2. The singles 1-10 (Korean Number System) 2-3. The teens (Korean Numbers) 2-4. The tens (Korean Numbers) 2-5. Combining the tens and singles to make (Korean Numbers) and above (Korean Numbers) Chinese Number System 한국의 숫자 Differences between the Korean and Chinese numbers

6 2-8. The singles 1-10 (Chinese System) 2-9. The teens (Chinese Numbers) The tens (Chinese Numbers) Combining tens and singles for (Chinese Numbers) and above (Chinese Numbers) Lesson 3: Self Introduction / Age First Meeting 첫인사 Asking Names 이름 묻기 Asking Age 나이 묻기 Korean age VS International age Vocabulary Builder Group A: the body 몸 Lesson 4: Creating Simple Sentences Grammar 문법 Creating simple sentences with 이다 4-2. Making questions with 이다 4-3. Remember that 이다 is neutral Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group B: foods 음식 Group C: countries 나라 Lesson 5: This, That, and Negatives Grammar 문법 Nationalities in Korean 5-2. The topic marker 은 / 는 5-3. Sound changes for ㅅ 5-4. Sound blending 5-5. This, that, and that over there 5-6. Saying it isn t with 아닙니다 and 아니에요. Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group D: people 사람 Lesson 6: Introduction to descriptive verbs New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 Descriptive verbs / Adjectives Grammar 문법 Korean verb stems 6-3. Korean verb BASIC form 6-4. Creating verb BASIC form 6-5. Simple sentences using descriptive verbs

7 6-6. Using descriptive verbs with subjects 6-7. Korean consonants eat cookies 6-8. This, that, and that over there + NOUN 6-9. ~씨 (Mr., Mrs., Miss) Workbook Area Lesson 7: Pronouns and possession Word Usage 단어 사용법 차 (car) and 차 (tea) New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 ㅂ (비읍) irregular verbs Grammar 문법 Possession words and the particle 의 7-4. Short versions of my and your 7-5. The word you and pronoun usage 7-6. Using 것 to say thing 7-7. He and She pronouns Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group E: places 장소 Group F: animals 동물 Lesson 8: Having, not having, and locations New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 많다 (a lot, many) 8-2. 어렵다 (hard), 쉽다 (easy), and 맵다 (spicy) 8-3. 예쁘다 (pretty, beautiful), 착하다 (kind, nice) Verb Usage 동사 사용법 있다 (to exist, to have) 8-5. 없다 (to not exist, to not have) Grammar 문법 Location marker 에 8-7. Using location words 8-8. 안 vs 속 8-9. 누구 vs 누가 Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group G: more places 더 많은 장소 Group H: food and drink 음식과 마실것 Lesson 9: Asking for things and counters New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 Ways to say very in Korean 9-2. 빠르다 (fast), 르 irregular verb types

8 9-3. 귀엽다 (cute) 9-4. 맛없다 (tasteless), 재미없다 (uninteresting) Grammar 문법 Asking for something with 주세요 9-6. Saying and in lists 9-7. Korean Counters 9-8. How to say a certain number of something 9-9. Human Counters Sounding more natural with 그럼 , 1000, and (Numbers Part II) Using money counters My school, my bank, my company Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group I: days of the week 요일 Lesson 10: Future, Past, and Present Tenses Grammar 문법 Past tense 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come) BASIC future tense and present tense Future tense (will do, going to do) Future tense for ㅂ (비읍) irregular verbs ㄹ/을 거예요 for probable future outcomes A note about the time marker 에 The months Every Monday, every January etc Past tense for 이다 and 아니다 Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group J: things around the house 집안에 있는 것 Group K: events 이벤트 Lesson 11: Dates and Time Word Usage 단어 사용법 Other versions of this, last, and next year 많이 (a lot, many) Doing actions with someone and with words Verb Usage 동사 사용법 사다 (to buy) 보다 (to see, to watch) 먹다 (to eat) 마시다 (to drink) Grammar 문법

9 11-8. Telling time in Korean Half past, a.m. / p.m Next Friday, Last Monday, Next January, This March The event location marker 에서 (and from) 이미, 벌써 (already) How to say years and complete dates in Korean Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group L: times of the day 시간대 Group M: school words 학교의 단어 Lesson 12: Descriptive verbs part II Descriptive Verb Usage 형용사 사용법 시끄럽다 (to be loud) 조용하다 (to be quiet) 길다 (to be long), 짧다 (to be short) 다르다 (different), 같다 (same), 비슷하다 (similar) 필요하다 (to need), 필요없다 (to not need) 가깝다 (to be close), 멀다 (to be far) Verb Usage 동사 사용법 하다 (to do) 좋아하다 (to like), 싫어하다 (to dislike), 사랑하다 (to love) 공부하다 (to study) Grammar 문법 Directly modifying with descriptive verbs Directly modifying with ㅂ irregular descriptive verbs Special case direct modifiers The inclusion marker 도 (also, too) 것 (thing, stuff) Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group N: more foods 더 많은 음식 Lesson 13: Giving and Receiving Verb Usage 동사 사용법 받다 (to receive, to get) 주다 (to give) 전화하다 (to make a phone call) 알다 (to know) 모르다 (to not know) Grammar 문법 The giving markers 한테, 에게 The receiving markers 한테서, 에게서 Trying to do something BASIC +보다

10 13-9. Command form using BASIC form Quick rules for casual Korean Workbook Area Lesson 14: Negative tense New Action Verbs 새로운 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 Making negative verbs with 지 않다 일하다 (to work), 쉬다 (to take a break, to rest) 도착하다 (to arrive) 출발하다 (to depart) Grammar 문법 Shall I? Shall we? ~(으)ㄹ까 Let s ~자, ~(으)ㅂ시다 About something ~에 대해 Going to work Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group O: other body parts 더 많은 몸의 부분 Group P: famous cities 유명한 도시 Lesson 15: Can and Can t do New Action Verbs 새로운 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 수영하다 (to swim) 읽다 (to read) 시작하다 (to start) ㄷ irregulars, 묻다 (to ask), 듣다 (to listen, hear) 걷다 (to walk) 대답해다 (to answer) 배우다 (to learn) 질문하다 (to ask a question) Grammar 문법 To and from (부터 / 까지) Please do this ㄹ/을 수(가) 있다, ㄹ/을 수(가) 없다 (Can do and can t do) Doing things well 잘~ Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group Q: office words 사무실 단어 Lesson 16: Not being able to do Word Usage 단어 사용법 아직 (still, not yet)

11 16-2. 일찍 (early), 늦게 (late) 처음 (first time, the beginning) 다시 (again) Verb Usage 동사 사용법 Ongoing present tense form ~고 있다 (~ing) 타다 (to ride) 내리다 (to get off) 자다 (to sleep), 일어나다 (to wake up) 말하다 (to speak, to tell, to talk) 보내다 (to send) 쓰다 (to write), 쓰다 (to use) Grammar 문법 ~(으)로 by which means marker ~들 Plurals in Korean Unable to do form ~지 못하다 Contracted versions of 지 못하다 and 지 않다 Bonus ~고 있다 examples Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group R: sports 스포츠 Group S: colors 색깔 Lesson 17: Wanting and Colors Word Usage 단어 사용법 어느~ (which), 무슨~ (what), 어떤~ (what kind of) 별로 (not so~ much, not that much) 더 (more) Descriptive Verb Usage 형용사 사용법 중요하다 (to be important) 아프다 (to be sick, to hurt) 기쁘다 (happy), 슬프다 (sad) 배고프다 (to be hungry), 배부르다 (to be full) Verb Usage 동사 사용법 연습하다 (to practice), 노래하다 (to sing) 만나다 (to meet) 놀다 (to play, hang out) Grammar 문법 Korean color usage Please don t do this ~지 마세요 Wanting to ~고 싶다 Sentence connector words Workbook Area Answer Key

12 Verb Reference Guide Glossary E-K Glossary K-E Map of South Korea Hangul Character Name Chart Korean Keyboard Layout Korean Keyboard Layout Other From Zero! Books

13 From the Authors Thank you for using Korean From Zero! to learn Korean! We love teaching Korean and spend a lot of time crafting the lessons and examples in each lesson to make the learning stick. We are fanatical about making the best books for students who don t have access to a teacher. In order to do this, we NEED your help! If you love, hate, or are confused about any concept in this book please as at [email protected] with your feedback so we can improve future versions. You can get the free PDF version of this book and FULL AUDIO at KoreanFromZero.com. You can help! Please visit any of the major book seller websites and post a review of Korean From Zero! We have plans to release more KFZ! books, and your book reviews help make this possible! Thank you and enjoy your Korean journey, The entire KFZ! team

14 Korean From Zero! Welcome! 1 Korean From Zero! Welcome! How this book works Introduction Welcome to KOREAN FROM ZERO! LEARNING KOREAN can be intimidating at first, but don't worry! Our method is designed to guide you step-by-step through the basics of Korean grammar. You will be surprised how much easier a language is if you learn the basics. This book is dedicated to hammering the basics into your head. Whether you're learning Korean for business, travel, or to make new friends, we've created these lessons to make sure you feel confident in your ability to SPEAK, READ, and WRITE what you've learned. Korean characters WHAT ARE THESE CIRCLES, LINES, AND SQUARES? The Korean language uses a set of symbols called hangul (한글, pronounced hangool), to spell all words in the Korean language. In the past, hanja, Chinese characters, were heavily used in Korea, but in modern Korea you can get by without ever learning very much - if any - hanja. In the first book, we will give you a crash course in hangul. It is said that hangul can be learned in a day but takes years to master. Throughout the lessons we will reinforce what is taught in the hangul lessons and teach you exceptions to the rules, such as specific sound changes, as needed. NOTE: Hangul is sometimes spelled hangeul because it matches the official Korean Romanization. However, since it s more commonly spelled hangul we will also spell it this way. Korean punctuation facts HERE ARE SOME QUICK FACTS about Korean writing to help you get started. UPPERCASE/LOWERCASE In English, we learn to write both A and a, but in Korean there are no upper and lower cases. In other words, 아 is always 아 no matter where you find it in a sentence. SENTENCE ENDING PUNCTUATION Written Korean uses question marks, exclamation points, commas, and periods just like English. You will see their usage throughout the book.

15 2 KoreanFromZero.com Before grammar This book is split into three sections. The first part, lessons A-G are dedicated to hangul characters. After that a few lessons are dedicated to teaching numbers, key phrases, and how to introduce yourself. It s VERY important that you don t stress over the phrases and numbers lessons. Those sections are just for easy access to some things you will need before you know how to make your own sentences. The real power comes in knowing how the patterns work. Patterns will set your mind free of mindlessly memorizing phrases. The best thing you can do, for your Korean, is learn how to read Korean well. This is not a choice. You MUST learn hangul. Once you know how to read, you will learn many key Korean grammar concepts that will set you firmly on the path to fluency. About the authors George Trombley Author George Trombley is a professional Japanese interpreter and author of the Japanese From Zero! book series. For over 20+ years he has interpreted at corporations such as Microsoft, IBM, NTT DoCoMo, Lucent Technologies, Varian Medical and in countries throughout North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. For Korean From Zero! book 1, George has teamed up his co-authors to create a book that is accessible for beginners, yet deep enough to help students of Korean at any level. Reed Bullen Author Reed Bullen, fluent in Korean, initially learned Korean through an intense immersion prior to his 2 year Mormon mission in the Korean countryside. During his mission he met thousands of Koreans and honed his skills teaching English as a free service of his church. After completing his mission, Reed continued mastering Korean. Reed befriended George at the bi-weekly Korean language meetup in Las Vegas. Reed is currently working as a teacher at a private school in Korea. Myunghee Ham Myunghee Ham attended college at Myongji university and has a degree in Korean literature and is also fluent in Japanese. She has been teaching Korean to foreigners for over 8 years, and currently works as a Korean teacher at Seoul Korean language academy. Sunhee Bong Native Korean Sunhee Bong grew up just south of Seoul in the city of Cheonan. Sunhee spent hundreds of hours working together with George and Reed to create natural Korean sentences and conversations. As a native Korean speaker, her contributions to the sometimes intense debate on Korean grammar have been invaluable to the book.

16 Korean From Zero! Welcome! 3 WRITE IN THIS BOOK! This book is your tool to learning in a way that will stick! Learning Korean is hard work so we want your knowledge to last forever. Korean From Zero! is designed to be an interactive workbook where you can take personal notes, add new words or phrases of your own, and develop your writing skills from hopeless/crazy/illegible (we all start that way!) to expertlevel. Every time you write in this book, you're making your connection to Korean a little bit stronger - we guarantee it! 화이팅! (hwaiting!) *Koreans say this to mean, persevere. It comes from the English word fighting. George Trombley Reed Bullen Sunhee Bong Special Thanks! Writing a book, especially a text book, is a daunting task. Without dedicated book reviewers and people to bounce questions off of, it would be even more difficult! We would like to thank all the people that have made this book possible! 김 인종 (Injong Kim) 임 이랑 (Leerang Lim) 김 석진 (SeokJin Kim) 박 혜지 (Hyeji Bella Park) Frank Lin Jesse Goodburne Justin McGowan Tina Chen Kathleen Nash Adan Zurita Pardo Mitchell Waybright Yukari Takenaka

17 4 KoreanFromZero.com Special Thanks to reddit.com/r/korean reviewers! Before Korean From Zero! was released we asked the active members of the reddit.com Korean learning subreddit to help us do a final proofread of the pre-release candidate of the book. They did not let us down! Thank you so much! (listed in alphabetical order) Top Reviewers cmfoo Miguel Angel Castiblanco Nofap9001 Patrick Joseph Donnelly Prapon Homvech shes-fresh-to-death Wilma Bainbridge Other Reviewers beamingontheinside BOLDtv booyah2 Brad Willard cheesewrangler Chris Morlang crozbrobro daijobu FloydMontel Fragatta hardmodethardus Josh Foote Kendall Willets kitchenmaniac111 losingthefight loungefi Melvin8 Michael J. Rasicci piruli3 Ponytron200 Rachel Best Tatyana Mohr tooshorthair vicereversa

18 Korean From Zero! Lesson A Hangul Writing Part 1 5 Basics A Level 1 Hangul Writing Part 1 Korean building blocks A Why Learn Hangul? Hangul is the main writing system of Korea. It s famous for being easy to learn and in many linguistic circles is considered genius. Prior to its invention in the 15th century, Korean used the same Chinese characters as China and Japan. Japanese and Chinese children spend a significant part of the school years devoted to learning the often complicated Chinese characters, but hangul can be learned in a few days for an average adult. If you aren t convinced yet as to how cool hangul is, here are the top five reasons you should learn hangul: 1. It s easy. WAY easier than you imagine! Some people say you can learn it in just two hours. 2. It s cool. Seriously none of your friends can write it! Unless your friends are all studying Korean or ARE Korean you will be the coolest person around when you say, and show them, that you can read and write Korean! 3. Your accent improves. You have spent much of your life reading Roman letters (ABC) in a certain way. If you learn Korean with those letters you will often still read them the same way and not have a great Korean accent. If you learn hangul, you won t have to fight your English speaking habits!

19 6 KoreanFromZero.com 4. Korean Romanization can be a bit confusing. It s just easier to learn hangul. With combinations like SEO and SAE and SEU it s pretty easy to screw up the Romanization of Korean. Hangul fixes this problem. Besides imagine if a Korean person decided to learn English only using hangul characters! 5. There is no choice! Because hangul is so easy, It s rare that a book teaching Korean teaches using Roman letters. Even this book teaches 100% in hangul after the hangul lesson section. A Hangul Consonants and Vowels Hangul characters are built using consonant and vowel parts. Using these individual parts over 12,000 characters can be constructed. Don t worry about memorizing the chart on this page, it is mainly to be used as a reference. The next few lessons will gradually teach you how to read and write hangul. You will be pleasantly surprised as to how easily you learn it. In the Korean From Zero! series, hangul is taught using the most common input interface in the modern world, the keyboard. In the last writing lesson you will learn the basics of typing in Korean. NOTE: It s helpful if you know what each of the symbols are called in Korean. Check the Hangul Character Name Chart in the back of this book. Consonants: single key on keyboard ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ G N D R/L M B S null/ng J CH K T P H Consonants: double key on keyboard (shift + consonant) ㅃ ㅉ ㄸ ㄲ ㅆ PP JJ DD KK SS Vowels: single key on keyboard ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i ae e Vowels: double key on keyboard (shift OR vowel + vowel) ㅒ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ yae ye wa wae woe wo we wi ui

20 Korean From Zero! Lesson A Hangul Writing Part 1 7 A New Hangul In this lesson we will focus on the first five consonants and five vowels only to get used to creating the characters. Writing with the correct stroke order will make your writing neater. as in father as in awe as in boat as in zoo as in men A Hangul Points A-1. Using consonants and vowels to create simple hangul When creating a hangul character you will always start with a consonant, and then follow it with a vowel. Let s look at some simple consonant + vowel combinations:

21 8 KoreanFromZero.com A-2. Writing order and orientation There are standing (vertical) and laying (horizontal) vowels. Standing vowels always stand to the right of the consonant. Laying vowels always lay below the consonant. C = consonant V = vowel left / right combinations ga 가 E ge AE개 E na AE나 E ne AE내 E da AE다 E de AE대 E ra AE라 E re AE래 E ma AE마 E me AE매 E top / bottom combinations go AE고 E gu AE구 E no AE노 E nu AE누 E do AE도 E du AE두 E ro AE로 E ru AE루 E mo AE모 E mu AE무 E A-3. The different sounds of ㄱ, ㄹ ㄱ can be pronounced like a G or a K. Typically at the beginning of a sentence or word you will hear ㄱ like a K, and if it is in the middle of a word it s closer to a G. ㄹ can be pronounced like an R or an L. Typically at the beginning of a sentence you will hear ㄹ like a R and in the middle more like L. As you learn Korean you will find that, depending on the word, the sound of ㄱ and ㄹ will shift. In many cases you just have to learn how that particular word is pronounced.

22 Korean From Zero! Lesson A Hangul Writing Part 1 9 A-4. The sound difference between ㅓ and ㅗ The sound for ㅓ doesn t really exist in English so it might be hard to master. It is certainly one of the sounds that Korean people will ALWAYS correct you on. One technique to getting closer to the right sound is this trick: 1. Shape your mouth as if you are going to say AH 2. Now say the sound OH. It should feel as if the sound is coming from the back of your throat. A Writing Practice With the first five consonants and vowels it s possible to create 25 different hangul characters. To practice correct stroke order, first trace the light gray characters, then write each character six times. We will practice with 11 of the possible 25 characters. ga 가 가 na 나 나 no 노 노 da 다 다 do 도 도 reo 러 러 ru 루 루 mae 매 매

23 10 KoreanFromZero.com mo 모 모 meo 머 머 ma 마 마 A Words You Can Write Using just the hangul from this lesson, we can already write many Korean words. 개 dog 다 everything, all 가구 furniture 나라 country 노래 song 누구 who 도마 cutting board 개 다 가 구 나 라 노 래 누 구 도 마

24 Korean From Zero! Lesson A Hangul Writing Part 1 11 모래 sand 매너 manners 모두 everyone 모 래 매 너 모 두 누나 누 나 older sister (when said by males) 고구마 고 구 마 sweet potato A Hangul Matching Connect the dots between each hangul and the correct Romanization. You can check your answers in the Answer Key at the back of the book. 매 reo 다 do 도 gu 루 ma 마 mae 내 ru 러 da 고 go 구 nae

25 12 KoreanFromZero.com A Hangul Practice Boxes Use these boxes for extra writing practice.

26 Korean From Zero! Lesson B Hangul Writing Part 2 13 Basics B Level 1 Hangul Writing Part 2 Korean building blocks B New Hangul In this lesson we learn five more consonants and five more vowels. as in cook as in week as in men as in yoyo as in you B Hangul Points B-1. Creating pure vowels with ㅇ In this lesson we introduce the hangul character ㅇ. In order to say a pure vowel, meaning a vowel all by itself, you must use ㅇ in the consonant spot. Here are some examples: 아 (a) 이 (i) 오 (o) 애 (ae) You MUST start a pure vowel hangul with ㅇ. In other words, you can never have a vowel by itself. When ㅇ is the first character then it is silent and makes no sound. Notice how the

27 14 KoreanFromZero.com orientation of the ㅇ changes depending on the vowel it s used with. The shape of the ㅇ doesn t have to change, but many Korean fonts change the shape for balance reasons. The first 2 examples are both side-by-side because the vowel is vertical. If the vowel is horizontal, so is the consonant, like these 2 examples. Here are some example words using the hangul you have already learned. See if you can read them. Example words 아이 child 우유 milk 이유 reason 오다 to come 요리 cooking 어디 where 아기 baby 이 teeth

28 Korean From Zero! Lesson B Hangul Writing Part 2 15 B-2. Written versions versus font versions of hangul When you first learn hangul you might be confused as to how some characters change when written versus when typed. Let s look at how ㅈ and ㅊ change when written. B-3. The different sounds of ㅅ ㅅ normally sounds like an S sound, however when combined with certain hangul it will sound like an SH sound. We cover this rule in Lesson G in more depth. NOTE: When ㅛ (yo) and ㅠ (yu) are combined the y is discarded in the Romanization. said as S 사 (sa) 서 (seo) 소 (so) 새 (sae) 세 (se) 수 (su) 스 (seu) said as SH 시 (shi) 쇼 (sho) 슈 (shu) 셔 (sheo) 샤 (sha) ㅕ and ㅑ vowels are introduced in the next lesson. B-4. The difference between ㅐ and ㅔ In modern Korea, there is no sound difference between ㅐ and ㅔ. Some words will use one or the other based on the roots of the word. You simply just need to learn how to spell some words in Korean, just like in English.

29 16 KoreanFromZero.com B-5. The difference between ㅜ and ㅡ To the untrained ear these will both sound the same. But the mouth makes a different shape for ㅜ and ㅡ. ㅜ is said with the lips pushed out like you re trying to kiss someone and saying oo as in moon. ㅡ is said by pulling the lips back almost as far as you can and saying the same oo sound. B Writing Practice With just the new consonants and vowels it s possible to create another 25 different hangul characters. To practice correct stroke order, first trace the light gray characters, then write each character six times. beu 브 bi 브 비 비 se 세 세 ji 지 지

30 Korean From Zero! Lesson B Hangul Writing Part 2 17 byo 뵤 뵤 yo 요 요 a 아 아 shi 시 시 shu 슈 슈 chae 채 채 jeo 저 저 B Words You Can Write Using just the hangul from this lesson, we can already write many Korean words. 비 rain 시 poem 차 car 비 시 차

31 18 KoreanFromZero.com 버스 bus 세대 generation 아기 child 주스 juice 버 스 세 대 아 기 주 스 자유 freedom, liberty 자 유 개미 ant 베개 pillow 개 미 베 개 다시 다 시 again, one more time 부츠 boots 고기 meat 부 츠 고 기

32 Korean From Zero! Lesson B Hangul Writing Part 2 19 B Hangul Matching Connect the dots between each hangul and the correct Romanization. 시 jeo 슈 shi 오 che 체 ja 브 se 요 shu 자 beu 저 o 세 yo

33 20 KoreanFromZero.com B Hangul Practice Boxes Use these boxes for extra writing practice.

34 Korean From Zero! Lesson C Hangul Writing Part 3 21 Basics C Level 1 Hangul Writing Part 3 Korean building blocks C New Hangul In this lesson we learn four more consonants and five more vowels. as in yarn as in awe as in yen as in yen as in wash C Hangul Points C-1. The difference between ㅒ and ㅖ ㅒ and ㅖ are both pronounced like the ye in yen. In modern Korean there is no change in sound. You will see both symbols used in Korean words. Consider them just different ways of spelling. Just like in English you will have to learn the correct spelling.

35 22 KoreanFromZero.com C-2. Written and typed versions of ㅎ ㅎ (H), will look very different depending on the font and when written. Look at how it can change. C-3. Hard and soft sounds with hangul If you are like me, you may be a bit frustrated with how ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, and ㄱ seem to shift sounds in Korean. Koreans also have a hard time explaining the exact timing of the shift of these sounds. ㅂ is a B sound, but there are cases where it also sounds like a P. ㄷ is D, but in some cases it will be T. ㅈ is J but sometimes it s CH. And finally, ㄱ is G, but in some cases it will sound like K. You will find that in the beginning of a word ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, and ㄱ will tend to be the stronger sounds like P, T, CH, and K. But they will be softer in the middle and end of words. ㅍ (P), ㅌ (T),ㅊ (CH),ㅋ (K) on the other hand are ALWAYS the hard sounds. C Writing Practice To practice, first trace the light gray characters, then write each character six times. ko 코 코 teu 트 트

36 Korean From Zero! Lesson C Hangul Writing Part 3 23 pa 파 파 ha 하 하 sha 샤 샤 gyeo 겨 겨 wa 와 와 gye 계 계 teo 터 터 gwa 과 과 ryeo 려 려 C Words You Can Write Using just the hangul from this lesson, we can already write many Korean words. 코 nose 화 anger 코 화

37 24 KoreanFromZero.com 타다 to ride 피 blood 세계 the world 파티 party 피자 pizza 노트 notebook 얘기 story, talk 그녀 her, she 야채 vegetables 커피 coffee 히터 heater 타 다 피 세 계 파 티 피 자 노 트 얘 기 그 녀 야 채 커 피 히 터

38 Korean From Zero! Lesson C Hangul Writing Part 3 25 C Hangul Matching Connect the dots between each hangul and the correct Romanization. 히 teu 파 pa 와 hi 커 yae 트 gye 얘 keo 랴 rya 계 hwa 화 wa

39 26 KoreanFromZero.com C Hangul Practice Boxes Use these boxes for extra writing practice.

40 Korean From Zero! Lesson D Hangul Writing Part 4 27 Basics D Level 1 Hangul Writing Part 4 Korean building blocks D New Hangul In this lesson we learn the final five consonants and six more vowels. as in wet as in wet as in wet as in woah as in weed as in French oui D Hangul Points D-1. Double vowels Double vowels are made by writing, or typing two of the vowels you have already learned together. They are written and input from the left vowel to right. Just like the single vowels when they are used alone they still require the null character. 왜 외 워 의

41 28 KoreanFromZero.com D-2. 위 vs 외 sound differences These two double vowel types are commonly used in Korean. Despite looking similar in style, 외 is pronounced like the English word WAY and 위 is pronounced like the English word WE. Perhaps this guy below will help you remember which is which. D-3. The double vowels ㅙ,ㅚ, and ㅞ, despite having different parts, all sound like the WE in wet. When said slowly by your Korean friends they might sound out the first part of the double vowel, but in spoken Korean you might not hear the sound difference. D-4. ㅟ and ㅢ sound differences ㅟ and ㅢ might be tricky to pronounce since they are so close in sound. The sound change of these characters is similar to the sound change for ㅜ and ㅡ. For each sound, start with the oo part of moon, then transition into the ee (like clean). The only difference is the shape of your mouth when you say the oo part. D-5. Double consonant sounds versus other sounds ㅂ (b / p), ㅈ (j / ch), ㄷ (d / t), ㄱ (g / k) have a hard and soft sound. The double consonants ㅃ,ㅉ,ㄸ,ㄲ, and ㅆ are sounded out with more energy than single consonants. You push air into your mouth that is held back, you PAUSE slightly to let the pressure build. Then you release to make the sound. Try not to spit on anyone.

42 Korean From Zero! Lesson D Hangul Writing Part 4 29 D Writing Practice To practice, first trace the light gray characters, then write each character six times. sshi 씨 씨 we 웨 웨 ddo 또 또 ggeu 끄 끄 ui 의 의 jja 짜 짜 dwae 돼 돼 gwi 귀 귀 noe 뇌 뇌 wo 워 워 ppa 빠 빠

43 30 KoreanFromZero.com D Words You Can Write Using just the hangul from this lesson, we can already write many Korean words. 귀 ear 또 again, once 귀 또 씨 씨 family, clan (Mr., Mrs. etc) 뒤 back, rear 뇌 brain 뭐 what? huh? 짜다 salty 외부 the outside 빼기 subtraction 꼬리 tail 뒤 뇌 뭐 짜 다 외 부 빼 기 꼬 리

44 Korean From Zero! Lesson D Hangul Writing Part 4 31 의미 meaning 의 미 위치 position, location 위 치 궤도 orbit 돼지 pig 궤 도 돼 지 지뢰 지 뢰 land mine (explosive) 쓰레기 garbage, trash 쓰 레 기 D Hangul Matching Connect the dots between each hangul and the correct Romanization. 돼 sshi 짜 wi 빠 mwo 씨 dwae 꼬 dwi 위 ppa 뭐 jja 뒤 gwi 귀 kko

45 32 KoreanFromZero.com D Hangul Practice Boxes Use these boxes for extra writing practice.

46 Korean From Zero! Lesson E Hangul Writing Part 5 33 Basics E Level 1 Hangul Writing Part 5 Korean building blocks There will be no new hangul vowels or consonants taught in this lesson, because you have learned all of them! This lesson introduces the most important concept when learning hangul. Understanding the ideas taught in this lesson will allow you to conjugate verbs, adjectives and create even basic sentence structure. E Hangul Points E-1. Hangul with a final consonant So far all of the hangul characters in prior lessons have ended with a vowel and only had two parts. Now we will add consonants to the bottom of the character. These final consonants are called 받침 (batchim). 1 This shows the first consonant with a horizontal vowel and final consonant. 2 This shows the first consonant and a vertical vowel and final consonant. 3 This shows the first consonant with a vertical vowel and double final consonant. 4 This shows the first consonant with a horizontal vowel and double final consonant.

47 34 KoreanFromZero.com Now let s look at some actual complete hangul that have final consonants. The following hangul characters are all built using the same initial consonant and vowel combination. The final consonant, 받침 (batchim), is the only thing that is different. The black portion is the 받침 (batchim). A consonant at the bottom of a character is called batchim Here are some words that contain hangul containing final consonant. Example Words 한국 (Korea) 책 (book) 눈 (eye, snow) 손 (hand) 지갑 (wallet) 택시 (taxi) 감자 (potato) 발 (foot) 남자 (man) 친구 (friend) 사람 (person) 돈 (money) E-2. Answers to common questions 1. A vowel is never called batchim. There is no batchim if the character ends with a vowel. 2. ㅃㅉㄸㄲㅆ can be in the final position as a final consonant, but they aren t considered

48 Korean From Zero! Lesson E Hangul Writing Part 5 35 double final consonants. Example Words (with 겹받침, double batchim) 많다 (to be many) 닭갈비 (chicken ribs) 넓다 (to be wide) 읽다 (to read) Example Words (with ㅃ,ㅉ,ㄸ,ㄲ,ㅆ) 바쁘다 (to be busy) 짜다 (to be salty) 닦다 (to wipe) 가깝다 (to be close) 떡 (rice cakes) 있다 (to have) E-3. Double vowels Some words have double vowels. Example Words (with double vowels) 사과 (apple) 의미 (meaning) 귀 (ear) 위치 (position) E-4. The ng sound when ㅇ is the final consonant When ㅇ is used as the final consonant, then it is no longer silent and instead makes an ng sound.

49 36 KoreanFromZero.com The following words will contain a standalone vowel and / or a sound with ㅇ as the batchim. Example Words 안녕 (goodbye) 이야기 (a story) 우산 (umbrella) 방 (room) 농담 (a joke) 동물 (animal) 아이 (child) 이유 (reason) 등 (etc) 요가 (yoga) 오염 (pollution) 공항 (airport) Ready for more fun? Here are words that have 2 ㅇ in some of their characters. The first ㅇ allows the vowel to stand alone without a consontant, and the second ㅇ is the ng sound as the batchim. Example Words 응급 (emergency) 영국 (United Kingdom) 양말 (socks) 용 (dragon) 고양이 (cat) 엉덩이 (buttocks) 옹알이 (babbling) 앵두 (cherry)

50 Korean From Zero! Lesson G Hangul sound change rules 37 Basics F Level 1 Typing Hangul on your Keyboard Korean building blocks In your life, you will probably type Korean a lot more than you will write it. Of course, when you are learning Korean, you will write it a lot, but when you are talking to your friends using chat programs on your phone or computer, you will be typing. In order to type Korean on your computer you will need to first make sure you have installed the proper programs. You can go here for a tutorial on how to install Korean on your device. (it s 100% free) You can also purchase stickers for just a few dollars to place hangul on your own keyboard. Search Amazon.com or your favorite online store to see what is available. F Hangul Typing Points F-1. Typing your first and second characters The Korean keyboard is designed to make it easy to type Korean. All the consonants (black) are on the left, and all the vowels (white) on are the right. In order to make one character, we need at least two keystrokes. Even the most basic and the most complicated Korean character will start with a consonant (black key) followed by a vowel (white key). You can cut out the keyboard in the back of the book for easy reference.

51 38 KoreanFromZero.com As you type, the character will build on the screen. It might be confusing at first, but just keep typing. You do not have to finish a character. The keyboard input software knows when to end your character as long as you have correctly typed it. In Korean mode you will type each character part by tapping each character. You have to keep typing so the input system knows how to complete the first character. Until your character is complete the underline will show the current status. As you are typing, sometimes the 3rd key stroke gets added to the bottom of the first character, EVEN though you want this to be the 1st stroke of the 2nd character. DO NOT PANIC! Once you type the next vowel the 2nd character will be created. This is because NO Korean character can have a CVCV combination. Once the software sees CVCV it knows to make two characters. If it doesn t type what you want it to YOU have made a mistake. You can always use backspace to erase just the last input. F-2. Shift characters The double consonants require the shift key to be pressed first. Or, in the case of double vowels, two vowels in a row will be required to complete the vowel. Double Key Examples shift + ㄷ = ㄸ shift + ㅈ = ㅉ ㅗ + ㅏ = ㅘ ㅜ + ㅓ = ㅝ Example Word 또 (again, once more) 짜다 (salty) 화요일 (Tuesday) 월요일 (Monday) F-3. Shortcuts and the spacebar (Windows) On a Windows PC, you can cycle installed language input methods by pressing ALT key and ~ (top left key) at the same time. When in Korean mode you can toggle to English input by hitting the RIGHT ALT key. The left one does NOT toggle. When you hit the space bar, the character you are working on will immediately complete and a space will be added.

52 AE치 E AE한 AE국 AE사 AE람 E AE안 AE녕 AE하 AE세 AE요 E Korean From Zero! Lesson G Hangul sound change rules 39 F-4. Hangul typing exercise If you don t have stickers or a Korean keyboard, you can print a copy of the keyboard from the back of this book. Now you should practice typing Korean. Here are some practice words along with the actual keys pressed to make them display. As you type each key, watch how the characters build on the screen. The letters on top of each example are what you ACTUALLY type on your keyboard when you are in Korean mode. rla cl 김 E Kimchee gks rnr tk fka Korean person dks sud gk tp dy Good Afternoon / Hello

53 AE이 AE것 AE은 EA AE오 AE늘 AE은 EA AE짜 AE요 E AE추 AE워 AE요 E AE괜 AE찮 AE아 AE요 E 40 KoreanFromZero.com dl rjt dms shift+wk dy This is salty. dh smf dms cn dnj dy Today is cold. rhos cksg dk dy It s okay.

54 Korean From Zero! Lesson G Hangul sound change rules 41 Basics G Level 1 83BHangul sound change rules Korean building blocks When certain hangul are combined, their sounds can change in unexpected ways. In the beginning, knowing these sound changes might not be as beneficial. However, you will eventually learn some words with spellings that might confuse you as to their pronunciation. You should look at this section from time to time to see if there are any new words you have learned that have a unique sound change. We are only listing some of the common changes. G-1. T-stops When certain characters are used as a 받침 they are converted to T sound. The T Stop characters are ㅅ,ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ. ㄷ and ㅌ are also T sounds but since they are normally T sounding they are left out of the examples. Example with T-stops 1. 이것 (pronounced 이걷) this one 2. 늦게 (pronounced 늗게) late 3. 몇 개 (pronounced 멷개) how many? 4. 좋다 (pronounced 조타) to be good (see section G-9) When any T stop consonant is followed by ㅇ(이응) then the T stop is cancelled.

55 42 KoreanFromZero.com G-2. ㅅ followed by ㅎ When ㅅ is followed by a ㅎ in the next hangul character the sound moves into the ㅎ position and is pronounced as ㅌ. G-3. S to SH sound with ㅅ When ㅅ is combined with ㅣ, ㅕ,ㅑ, ㅛ, ㅠ the S changes to an SH sound. The sound REMAINS as S when combined with ㅏ,ㅓ,ㅜ, ㅗ, ㅡ, ㅐ, ㅔ. Example of S and SH sound for ㅅ 1. 소시지 sausage 2. 셔츠 shirt 3. 쇼핑 shopping 4. 샴푸 shampoo 5. 슈퍼마켓 super market 6. 사서 librarian

56 Korean From Zero! Lesson G Hangul sound change rules 43 G-4. L and R sound for ㄹ (리을) When there are two ㄹ back to back the sound is always L. When ㄹ is at the end of a word it s always an L sound. When ㄹ is at the beginning of a word it s an R sound. G-5. ㄹ(리을) and ㄴ (니은) combinations When a ㄹ is followed by a ㄴ OR the ㄴ is followed by ㄹ the combined sound changes to a double L sound.

57 44 KoreanFromZero.com G-6. Silent 겹받침 (double consonant) As discussed in a prior lesson, sometimes one of the double consonants in a double consonant is silent. The double consonants you might see are ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄿ, ㅀ, and ㅄ. G-7. Random CH sound when not expected When ㄷ is followed by ㅎ the resulting sound is CH. Similarly when ㅌ is followed by 이 the ㅌ changes to a CH sound. Example CH sounds 1. 끝이 (pronounced 끄치) tip, end 2. 같이 (pronounced 가치) together 3. 닫히다 (pronounced 다치다) to shut G-8. The various sounds for 하다 After lesson 6 you will learn about 하다 verbs, and this sound change will be important then. 하다 tends to blend into the hangul character before it. 1. Soft 하다 After you begin learning the 하다 verbs you might feel that it s RARE to hear 하다 actually as HADA. It often sounds like 아다 instead of 하다, or the H sound is weak. Examples 1. 공부하다 (sounds like 공부아다) to study 2. 말하다 (sounds like 마라다) to tell, to talk 3. 단순하다 (pronounced 단수나다) to be simple

58 Korean From Zero! Lesson G Hangul sound change rules Harder sound before 하다 When consonants like ㄱ, ㅂ are followed by 하다 they blend into a harder sound. See section G-9 also. Examples 1. 대답하다 (sounds like 대다파다) to reply, to answer 2. 착하다 (sounds like 차카다) to be kind SUMMARY: Learning VS actual speaking is different. When you are learning Korean, and you have a friend or teacher helping you they might actually say 하다 as HADA because they are saying it slow. The 하다 sound change is actually common with other words that start with ㅎ. Examples 1. 천천히 (sounds like 천천이) slowly 2. 안녕하세요 (sounds like 안녕아세요) hello G-9. Shift to hard sound after and before ㅎ When ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ, or ㅈ are before or after ㅎ their sound shifts to their harder sound counterparts ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ, and ㅊ.

59 46 KoreanFromZero.com

60 Korean From Zero! Lesson 1 20 Starter Phrases 47 Lesson 1: 20 Starter Phrases 1 Before This Lesson 1. Make sure you know, or have an understanding of, how to read hangul. From this point on there will be no Roman letters. Lesson Goals 1. Learn some of the basic phrases that you will need right away when speaking Korean. From The Teachers 1. Don t worry too much about the grammar behind any of the phrases. As you learn more, the grammar in these phrases will start to make sense. Right now your goal should be to memorize and use these phrases. 2. If you can t read the hangul just go back to the hangul charts and lessons to refresh your memory.

61 48 KoreanFromZero.com As a language teacher, I am never happy when students focus on phrases instead of grammar. It s like the saying, Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. Memorizing phrases is nowhere near as effective as learning how to build your OWN sentences. These phrases will help you communicate when your Korean still sucks. 1 Communication These phrases are handy when you begin using the Korean you have learned. 1. 천천히 말해 주세요. Please speak slowly. 2. 다시 한 번 말해 주세요. Please say it again once more. 3. 영어로 뭐예요? What is it in English? 4. 한국어로 뭐예요? What is it in Korean? 5. 한국어 잘 못 해요. I can t understand Korean well. 못 해요 is pronounced like 모 태요. There is no S sound. 1 Coming and Going 6. 안녕하세요. Hello, Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening 7. 잘 지냈어요? How have you been? 8. 오래간만이에요! Long time no see! 9. 안녕히 가세요. Goodbye (said by the person staying)

62 Korean From Zero! Lesson 1 20 Starter Phrases 안녕히 계세요. Goodbye (said by the person leaving) 11. 안녕. Goodbye / Hello (used with friends only) 1 Quick Answers These are some quick answers you can give when questions are asked to you in Korean. 12. 네. Yes. 13. 아니요. No. 14. 아마도. (아마 can also be used as part of a sentence.) Maybe. 15. 괜찮아요. It s okay. / I m okay. 16. 안돼요. No! (strong) / I can t! 1 Manners 17. 감사합니다. Thank you. 18. 고맙습니다. Thank you. 19. 고마워. Thanks. (used only with friends) 20. 천만에요. You re welcome. (not very commonly used)

63 50 KoreanFromZero.com 1 Additional Phrases Use this area to write in other phrases you have learned outside of this book. Put the Korean phrase first. K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E:

64 Korean From Zero! Lesson 2 Korean Numbers 51 Lesson 2: Korean Numbers Before This Lesson 1. Review hangul. 2. Practice writing or typing the phrases you learned in the last lesson. Lesson Goals 1. Learn the two types of Korean counting systems. From The Teachers 1. It will take some effort to learn the two counting systems. Don t worry too much if you are slow to memorize them. The first 10 numbers of both systems are most important. 2 Lesson Highlights 2-7. Differences between the Korean and Chinese number systems and above These systems are repeated in several lessons throughout the book so eventually you will memorize them.

65 52 KoreanFromZero.com 2 Korean Number System 한국의 숫자 2-1. Different Korean Number Systems Korean has two number systems. They are the Korean numbers and Chinese numbers. Each one has its specific uses that you will learn as we progress through the lessons. The two systems are typically never mixed, with the exception of telling time. You must know both systems to survive in Korea. Both systems will be taught in this lesson and reinforced in following lessons The singles 1-10 (Korean Number System) The Korean numbers only go up to 99. Let s look at the singles (1-10) Number Korean Number Sounds Like 1 하나 2 둘 3 셋 섿 4 넷 넫 5 다섯 다섣 6 여섯 여섣 7 일곱 8 여덟 여덜 9 아홉 10 열 Some typical things that use the Korean numbers are: age, time (hours), and a variety of counters. We will learn these in later lessons. For now just learn how to count 1-10.

66 Korean From Zero! Lesson 2 Korean Numbers The teens (Korean Numbers) The teens (11-19) are very easy. Just add 열 (10) in front of the single numbers 1-9. the teens (11-19) Number Korean Number Sounds Like 11 열하나 12 열둘 13 열셋 열섿 14 열넷 열넫 15 열다섯 열다섣 16 열여섯 열여섣 17 열일곱 18 열여덟 열여덜 19 열아홉 2-4. The tens (Korean Numbers) The Korean number system has unique words for the 10 s. Number the tens (20-90) Korean Number 20 스물 30 서른 40 마흔 50 쉰 60 예순 70 일흔 80 여든 90 아흔

67 54 KoreanFromZero.com 2-5. Combining the tens and singles to make (Korean Numbers) Now you know every word required to count from 1-99 with the Korean numbers. You can make all the other numbers simply by stringing them together. For example if you want to make 22 you just say 20 then 2. Examples 22 is 스물 (20) + 둘 (2) = 스물둘 45 is 마흔 (40) + 다섯 (5) = 마흔다섯 76 is 일흔 (70) + 여섯 (6) = 일흔여섯 99 is 아흔 (99) + 아홉 (9) = 아흔아홉 tens + singles Number Korean Number 21 스물하나 22 스물둘 23 스물셋 24 스물넷 25 스물다섯 26 스물여섯 27 스물일곱 28 스물여덟 29 스물아홉 and above (Korean Numbers) The Korean counting system stops at 99. Above 99 you must jump to the Chinese system also called Sino-Korean numbers. All numbers 100 and above will be taught in section Before you get there, let the first 99 absorb!

68 Korean From Zero! Lesson 2 Korean Numbers 55 2 Chinese Number System 한국의 숫자 2-7. Differences between the Korean and Chinese numbers The Chinese number system is completely unique from the Korean system. The Korean system stops at 99, but with the Chinese system, numbers from 1 to 1,000,000,000 and beyond can be made. Depending on the usage, one number system will be used over the other. We will discuss when each system is used as we learn counters and other Korean concepts in this book and other books in the series. It s important to note that even though it s called the Chinese system, these numbers are considered part of the Korean language and not part of Chinese. In other texts you may see the Chinese numbers referred to as Sino-Korean. Sino just means Chinese. We feel that calling them Chinese is more comfortable The singles 1-10 (Chinese System) Let s look at the first 10 numbers in the Chinese counting system. Number the singles 1-9 Chinese Number 1 일 2 이 3 삼 4 사 5 오 6 육 7 칠 8 팔 9 구 10 십

69 56 KoreanFromZero.com 2-9. The teens (Chinese Numbers) The teens (11-19) are just as easy as the Korean system. Just add 십 (10) in front of the single numbers 1-9. the teens Number Korean Number Sounds Like 11 십일 시빌 12 십이 시비 13 십삼 십쌈 14 십사 십싸 15 십오 시보 16 십육 심뉵 17 십칠 18 십팔 십팔 19 십구 십꾸 The 십 sound in this chart should sound like an abruptly ending B sound. It isn t as hard as a P. The 십 changes to the M sound 심. NOTE! The word 씨팔 in Korean is the same as the F word in English. So don t put too much emphasis on the first ㅅ sound! The tens (Chinese Numbers) The Chinese number system doesn t have unique words for the 10 s. Instead you simply say 2 in front of 10 to say 20. The pattern is very easy! Examples 20 is 이 (2) + 십 (10) = 이십 40 is 사 (4) + 십 (10) = 사십 the tens (20-90) Number Chinese Number Number Chinese Number 20 이십 60 육십 30 삼십 70 칠십 40 사십 80 팔십 50 오십 90 구십

70 Korean From Zero! Lesson 2 Korean Numbers Combining tens and singles for (Chinese Numbers) In order to make you can just string the numbers together to create them. Examples 25 is 이 (2) + 십 (10) + 오 (5) = 이십오 (25) 38 is 삼 (3) + 십 (10) + 팔 (8) = 삼십팔 (38) 59 is 오 (5) + 십 (10) + 구 (9) = 오십구 (59) 82 is 팔 (8) + 십 (10) + 이 (2) = 팔십이 (82) tens + singles (21-29) Number Chinese Number 21 이십일 22 이십이 23 이십삼 24 이십사 25 이십오 26 이십육 27 이십칠 28 이십팔 29 이십구 and above (Chinese Numbers) It s not hard to do numbers above 100, but you shouldn t overwhelm yourself this early! We will teach higher numbers in section Right now you should focus on 1-99 in both number systems.

71 58 KoreanFromZero.com 2 Workbook Area A2-1. Korean VS Chinese number practice Look at the following numbers and try to say both versions. Write in the numbers as best as you can with the hangul you know. You can check your answers in the Answer Key in the back of the book Korean: Chinese: Korean: Chinese: Korean: Chinese: Korean: Chinese: Korean: Chinese: Korean: Chinese:

72 Korean From Zero! Lesson 3 Self Introduction / Age 59 Lesson 3: Self Introduction / Age 3 Before This Lesson 1. Learn the Korean numbers, since saying your age in Korean requires them. Lesson Goals 1. Learn the key phrases to say to people you are meeting for the first time. 2. Learn how to say your age in Korean. From The Teachers 1. This is the last lesson where phrases are taught in such quantity. After this lesson we will begin teaching grammar patterns. However, introducing yourself is a key part of speaking Korean, so the only option at this point is to memorize the key phrases.

73 60 KoreanFromZero.com 3 First Meeting 첫인사 When you first meet new Koreans you will hear a variation of the first or second phrase. If you are meeting in a more formal situation then the first phrase will be used. In more casual situations such as language meetups, the classroom, or among friends you will most likely hear the second sentence. 1. 만나서 반갑습니다. Nice to meet you. (very polite) 습니다 despite written with a B sound (ㅂ) is pronounced like 슴니다 with an M sound. (ㅁ) Pronunciation Note As needed we will remind you of some of the pronunciation rules. Simple Rule When ㅂ (B) is followed by ㄴ (N) the sound always changes to ㅁ (M). Longer Explanation In Korean words, when the 받침, also called the final consonant, is ㅂ, the final sound of the character would be a b sound. However, when ㅂ is immediately followed by ㄴ (n sound) the sound changes to an m sound as if the ㅂ was actually ㅁ. 2. 반가워요. Nice to meet you. (Casual Polite) This phrase is used when you are meeting new people in a casual situation. Perhaps a friend introduced you to their friends, or you are at one of the many language meetups around Korea. NOTE: If you want a quick way to make Korean friends in Korea, you should travel to a language meetup. Many major cities throughout the world have meetups. You can search for some on Meetup.com.

74 Korean From Zero! Lesson 3 Self Introduction / Age 61 3 Asking Names 이름 묻기 This simple phrase also has a few variations depending on the formality of the situation. In formal situations, such as talking to someone above you in status, (bosses, someone older than you, teachers) the first two can be used, but in more casual situations the third one is fine. 3. 성함이 어떻게 되세요? What is your name? (formal) 4. 성함이 어떻게 되십니까? What is your name? (formal) 5. 이름이 뭐예요? What is your name? (when talking to equals or people below you) How to answer When answering, there are a few ways to do it. The reality is that, since you are not Korean, any way will be fine. Koreans will be tougher on native Koreans in regard to formality than a foreigner learning the language. So if you get this wrong, you will not be summarily killed. Even Koreans will answer a formal question with a more casual / polite response depending on the situation. Typically, you are safe to match formal to formal and casual to casual. But if the person is older than you, your response should show them the respect they deserve as an elder, even if they ask in a casual manner. 6. 입니다. I am. This is very standard, yet formal and polite. Nothing bad can happen if you are polite. 7. (이) 라고 합니다. I am called. This is used if your name and what you are called are different. If you are Joseph but everyone calls you Joe this is the phrase you use. If the Korean version of your name ends with a 받침 then use the 이 in the parenthesis. 8. 제 이름은 입니다. My name is. This is the polite way to tell someone your name if you haven t been asked.

75 62 KoreanFromZero.com 3 Asking Age 나이 묻기 9. 나이가 어떻게 되세요? How old are you? This literally means What does your age become? and is polite. 10. 몇 살이에요? (sounds like 며쌀) How old are you? This is polite, but is much closer to casual than formal. It can be asked to children. 11. 입니다. (sounds like 임니다) (always use Korean numbers) I am years old. This is the polite way to say how old you are, either way you are asked your age. ages (1-100 years old) Age Korean Age Korean Age Korean 1 한 살 18 열여덟 살 35 서른다섯 살 2 두 살 19 열아홉 살 36 서른여섯 살 3 세 살 20 스무 살 37 서른일곱 살 4 네 살 21 스물한 살 38 서른여덟 살 5 다섯 살 22 스물두 살 39 서른아홉 살 6 여섯 살 23 스물세 살 40 마흔 살 7 일곱 살 24 스물네 살 41 마흔한 살 8 여덟 살 25 스물다섯 살 42 마흔두 살 9 아홉 살 26 스물여섯 살 43 마흔세 살 10 열 살 27 스물일곱 살 44 마흔네 살 11 열한 살 28 스물여덟 살 45 마흔다섯 살 12 열두 살 29 스물아홉 살 50 쉰 살 13 열세 살 30 서른 살 60 예순 살 14 열네 살 31 서른한 살 70 일흔 살 15 열다섯 살 32 서른두 살 80 여든 살 16 열여섯 살 33 서른세 살 90 아흔 살 17 열일곱 살 34 서른네 살 100 백 살

76 Korean From Zero! Lesson 3 Self Introduction / Age Korean age VS International age In Korea you might be surprised that even a baby can be born and in one month be 2 years old. Koreans use the Chinese New Year to count their age. So everyone in Korean age is always 1-2 years older than their international age. It all depends on when they were born. So when you ask a Korean person who hasn t travelled abroad their age, they will most likely give you their Korean age. So that 18 year old girl might actually be 16 you have been warned! Example conversation A: 몇 살이에요? B: 열여덟 살이에요. A: 몇 살이에요? B: 스무 살입니다. A: How old are you? B: I am 18 years old. A: How old are you? B: I am 20 years old. 3 Workbook Area A3-1. Korean Ages Write the Korean ages in the blanks provided. Remember to only use the Korean counting system. Write in the answers as best as you can with the Hangul you know. You can check your answers in the Answer Key in the back of the book years old years old years old years old years old 7. 5 years old years old years old

77 64 KoreanFromZero.com 3 Vocabulary Builder During your studies you will soon realize that grammar points aren t so easily forgotten. But you need more than grammar to speak effectively you need a lot of vocabulary too! Throughout this book we will introduce groups of words that are important for everyday Korean speaking. You don t have to try to memorize them all at once. Just familiarize yourself with each group since they will be showing up in subsequent lessons. Group A: the body 몸 몸 입 눈 귀 코 얼굴 손 발 팔 다리 손가락 발가락 머리 이 body mouth eye ear nose face hand foot arm leg finger toes head, hair tooth

78 Korean From Zero! Lesson 4 Creating Simple Sentences 65 Lesson 4: Creating Simple Sentences 4 Before This Lesson 1. Know vocabulary group: A words (the body). Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to make simple questions and answer them in Korean. From The Teachers 1. This is the first lesson where we begin to work on learning grammar structures. From this lesson forward we will build more and more on what we already know. Lesson Highlights 4-1. Creating simple sentences with 이다 4-2. Making questions with 이다

79 66 KoreanFromZero.com 4 New Words 새로운 단어 책 펜 잡지 사과 바나나 고양이 개 차 버스 친구 박민수 김준호 book pen magazine apple banana cat dog car bus friend Minsu Park (man s name) Junho Kim (man s name) 4 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 뭐예요? 2. 몰라요. What is it? I don t know. 4 Korean Culture 한국 문화 Korean names are often just three characters long. The last name is one character, and the first name is two characters. The family name, (last name) is actually said first. 씨 follows the name, to mean Mr., Mrs., etc. There is always a space before the 씨.

80 Korean From Zero! Lesson 4 Creating Simple Sentences 67 4 Grammar 문법 4-1. Creating simple sentences with 이다 이다, depending on the context, can mean: it is, this is, they are, these are, I am, you are, he is, she is, and we are. It s always placed at the end of a sentence. As discussed in prior lessons we know that Korean has several levels of politeness. Let s look at how to conjugate 이다 into a few forms. The most polite form of 이다 is: 입니다 (pronounced like 임니다) Whenever ㅂ is the 받침 followed by ㄴ the ㅂ sound changes to ㅁ [noun]입니다. (no space after the noun) It s a [noun]. Example sentences 1. 책입니다. It s a book. 2. 펜입니다. It s a pen. 3. 사과입니다. It s an apple. 4. 고양이입니다. It s a cat. Among friends it s more common to change 입니다 to 이에요 which is the 요 form conjugation of 입니다. The 요 form is still considered polite, so if you accidentally use it with someone you don t know it isn t a problem. Example sentences 1. 책이에요. It s a book. 2. 펜이에요. It s a pen. Notice that the sentences above each have objects where the final sound is a consonant. In this case you will always use 이에요. However, if the final sound is a vowel, 이에요 can t be used. Instead, you MUST use 예요. Example sentences 1. 차예요. 이 in 고양이 is It s a car. 2. 코예요. part of the word. It s a nose. 3. 사과예요. 예요 is used since It s an apple. 이 has no 받침. 4. 고양이예요. It s a cat. NOTE: It doesn t matter if the final sound is a vowel or consonant when using 입니다. Either way you will use 입니다.

81 68 KoreanFromZero.com 4-2. Making questions with 이다 The way you create a question is different, depending on which version of 이다 you use. If you use the 요 form (이에요) then you simply add a question mark and make it sound like a question. [noun]이에요? (no space after the noun) Is it a [noun]? 1. Example conversation between friends. A: 뭐예요? A: What is it? B: 발이에요. B: It s a foot. 2. Example conversation between friends. A: 고양이예요? A: Is it a cat? B: 아니요. 개예요. B: No, it s a dog. The more polite form of 이다 (입니다) has a special question form. [noun] 입니까? Is it a [noun]? Example conversation 1. Conversation between friends. A: 뭐입니까? A: What is it? B: 발입니다. B: It s a foot. 2. Conversation between friends. A: 고양이입니까? A: Is it a cat? B: 아니요. 개입니다. B: No, it s a dog Remember that 이다 is neutral In English we use a lot of pronouns like he, she, etc. in our sentences. Korean also has pronouns that will be taught in lesson 7, but pronouns are typically not expressed directly. The context of the conversation decides if 이다 means it is, he is, she is, etc.

82 Korean From Zero! Lesson 4 Creating Simple Sentences 69 Example conversation 1. Conversation between friends at a party full of people. A: (pointing) 친구예요? A: Is she a friend? B: 네. 친구예요. B: Yes, she is a friend. 2. Conversation between Mr. Kim and a person he doesn t know. A: 박민수 씨입니까? A: Are you Minsu Park? B: 아니요. 김준호입니다. B: No, I am Junho Kim. 4 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 책이에요? Is it a book? 네. 책이에요. Yes. It s a book. 아니요. 잡지예요. No. It s a magazine. 2. 뭐예요? What is it? 차예요. It s a car. 버스예요. It s a bus. 몰라요. I don t know. 3. 귀예요? Is it an ear? 아니요. 코예요. No. It s a nose. 아니요. 입이에요. No. It s a mouth. 네. 귀입니다. Yes. It s an ear. 4. 다리입니까? Is it a leg? 아니요. 발입니다. No. It s a foot. 아니요. 머리예요. No. It s a head. 네. 다리예요. Yes. It s a leg. 5. 버스예요? Is it a bus? 네. 버스예요. Yes. It s a bus. 아니요. 차예요. No. It s a car. 아니요. No. 6. 사과예요? Is it an apple? 아니요. 바나나예요. No. It s a banana. 네. 사과예요. Yes, it s an apple. 네. 사과입니다. Yes, it s an apple.

83 70 KoreanFromZero.com 7. 개입니까? Is it a dog? 아니요. 고양이입니다. No. It s a cat. 아니요. 고양이예요. No. It s a cat. 네. 개입니다. Yes, it s a dog. 네. 개예요. Yes, it s a dog. 4 Workbook Area A4-1. Questions to you Answer the following question as if it was asked to you. 1. 박민수입니까? A4-2. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 이다, 차, 책, 버스, 개, 네, 아니요 It s a dog. Is it a book? No. It s a car. 2. 바나나, 사과, 이다, 버스, 네, 아니요 It s an apple. Is it a banana? No. It s a bus.

84 Korean From Zero! Lesson 4 Workbook Area 71 A4-3. Picture question and answer Answer the following questions by looking at the pictures. You can check your answers in the answer key for this lesson. 1. 뭐예요? 2. 코입니까? Answer: Answer: 3. 박민수 씨예요? 4. 뭐예요? 김준호 Answer: Answer: 4 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 뭐예요? What is it?

85 72 KoreanFromZero.com 4 Vocabulary Builder Here are some more words that will be helpful when you are speaking Korean. Many of these words will be used in the following lesson, so make sure to learn them. Group B: foods 음식 과일 야채 고기 귤 오이 버섯 (버섣) 멜론 fruit vegetable meat tangerine/mandarin orange cucumber mushroom melon Group C: countries 나라 미국 한국 영국 호주 캐나다 중국 태국 일본 독일 프랑스 멕시코 필리핀 인도 America Korea United Kingdom Australia Canada China Thailand Japan Germany France Mexico Philippines India

86 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 This, That, and Negatives 73 Lesson 5: This, That, and Negatives 5 Before This Lesson 1. Know vocabulary groups: B (foods) and C (countries). 2. Know how to say basic Korean sentences and questions. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how 받침 affect Korean pronunciation and particle choice. 2. Learn how to ask someone their nationality. Lesson Highlights 5-2. The topic marker 은 / 는 5-4. Sound blending 5-5. This, that, and that over there From The Teachers 1. It is very important that you understand the section on sound blending. This will heavily effect how understandable your Korean is.

87 74 KoreanFromZero.com 5 New Words 새로운 단어 이것 그것 저것 사람 나라 어느 나라 사람 자전거 this / this one that / that one that / that one over there person country which nationality? bicycle 5 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 어느 나라 사람입니까? What nationality are you? 2. 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? 입니까 is the question form of 이다. The answer to this question can have 예요 or 입니다 in it depending on politeness level. 5 Grammar 문법 5-1. Nationalities in Korean In this lesson we learn how to say some countries. You can add the word 사람 (person, people) to the end of any country to say the nationality of that country. Examples 미국 사람 한국 사람 영국 사람 호주 사람 캐나다 사람 필리핀 사람 태국 사람 중국 사람 American person Korean person English person Australian person Canadian person Filipino person Thai person Chinese person

88 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 This, That, and Negatives 75 Example Q&A 1. 어느 나라 사람입니까? What nationality are you? 미국 사람입니다. I am American. 영국 사람입니다. I am English. 2. 미국 사람이에요? Are you American? 네. 미국 사람이에요. Yes. I am American. 아니요. 캐나다 사람이에요. No. I am Canadian The topic marker 은 / 는 Korean uses a variety of markers, also referred to as particles. These markers always come after a word. The first marker we will learn is the topic marker 은 / 는. If the topic word ends with a 받침 then it is followed by 은 and if it doesn t then 는 is used. 는 is used because the character just before it ends with a vowel. In other words, there isn t a 받침 in the prior character. 은 is used because the character just before it ends with a consonant. In other words, there is a 받침 in the final character.

89 76 KoreanFromZero.com In the following sentences pay attention to which version of the topic marker is used. Example sentences 1. 바나나는 과일이에요. 3. 오이는 야채예요. Bananas are fruit. Cucumbers are vegetables. 2. 귤은 과일이에요. 4. 버섯은 야채예요. (read 5-4) Tangerines are fruit. Mushrooms are vegetables Sound changes for ㅅ ㅅ has a different sound depending on where it is in a word Sound blending When ㅅ (시옷) or other final consonants are followed by any character that begins with ㅇ (이응) the sound of that character moves to the position of the ㅇ (이응). You can imagine that the ㅇ (이응) is absorbing the sound of the prior 받침. This happens EVERY time you have a 받침 followed by the topic marker 은.

90 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 This, That, and Negatives 77 In section 5-3 we explained that ㅅ (시옷) is pronounced like a T when it s at the end of a character. However, when it is followed by ㅇ (이응) it is an S sound. Now go back and re-read sentence 4 in section This, that, and that over there The usage of 이것 (this), 그것 (that), and 저것 (that over there) is similar to English. Since all three of the words end with 것 you just need to remember how to pronounce them when they are in a sentence followed by the topic marker 은. If necessary refer to the sound blending taught in section 5-3 and 5-4. The position of the object in relation to the speaker and listener affects the usage. Example sentences 1. 이것은 과일이에요. This is a fruit. 2. 저것은 차입니다. That over there is a car. 3. 그것은 뭐예요? What is that? 4. 이것은 오이예요. This is a cucumber. When referring to an item someone is holding, or that is near them, then it doesn t matter how far they are from you, 그것 (that) and not 저것 (that over there) must be used. Also, normally if you are talking to yourself, or are thinking you can freely use 그것 instead of 저것. But since no one can hear you it doesn t really matter!

91 78 KoreanFromZero.com 5-6. Saying it isn t with 아닙니다 and 아니에요. 입니다 (it is) and 아닙니다 (it isn t) are opposite in meaning. However, when using 아닙니다, the subject marker 이 / 가 must be placed after the item being talked about. We will learn more about the 이 / 가 marker in lesson 8. For now just learn the following rules: 1. You must have a pattern of [item] 가 아닙니다 2. If the item ends with a 받침 (final consonant) then 이 is used instead of 가. 3. 입니다 will NEVER use 이 / 가. 아니에요 is the negative version of 이에요 taught in the prior lesson. Both are polite but 아닙니다 is more polite than 아니에요. Example sentences 1. 오이는 과일이 아닙니다. Cucumbers are not fruit. 2. 사과는 야채가 아닙니다. Apples are not vegetables. 3. 이것은 고기가 아닙니까? Isn t this meat? Asking a negative question is common just like in English. In this case the speaker thought the food was meat and is expecting that it is. 4. 고양이는 개가 아니에요. Cats are not dogs. 5. 친구는 한국 사람이 아닙니다. (My) friend is not a Korean person. 6. 그것은 얼굴이 아닙니다. That is not a face.

92 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 This, That, and Negatives 79 5 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? 귤이에요. 고기예요. 몰라요. It s a tangerine. It s meat. I don t know. 2. 저것은 고기예요? Is that (over there) meat? 네. 고기예요. Yes. It s meat. 아니요. 그것은 버섯이에요. 아니요. 오이예요. No. That is a mushroom. No. It s a cucumber. 3. (당신은) 어느 나라 사람이에요? What nationality are you? 저는 미국 사람이에요. 저는 한국 사람이에요. I m American. I m Korean. 4. 이것은 과일이에요? Is this a fruit? 아니요. 그것은 오이예요. No. That is a cucumber. 네. 과일입니다. Yes. It s a fruit. The person answering is being respectful. 5. 버섯은 고기예요? Is a mushroom meat? 아니요. 야채예요. 몰라요. No. It s a vegetable. I don t know. 6. 영국 사람이에요? Are you English? 아니요. 저는 캐나다 사람이에요. 아니요. 저는 호주 사람이에요. No. I am Canadian. No. I am an Australian. 7. 한국 사람이에요? Are you Korean? 네. 한국 사람이에요. Yes. I am Korean. 아니요. 중국 사람이에요. No. I am Chinese.

93 80 KoreanFromZero.com 5 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Conversation between a mother and her child at the supermarket. A: 이것은 오이예요? Is this a cucumber? B: 아니요. 바나나예요. No. It s a banana. A: 저것은 멜론이에요? Is that a melon? B: 아니요. 사과예요. No. It s an apple. 2. Conversation between a teacher and a student learning Korean. A: 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? B: 그것은 다리입니다. That s a leg. A: 그것은 책이에요? Is that a book? B: 아니요. 잡지입니다. No. It s a magazine. 3. Conversation between friends discussing various paintings of abstract art. A: 그것은 버스예요? Is that a bus? B: 아니요. 이것은 자전거예요. No. this is a bicycle. A: 그것은 개입니까? Is that a dog? B: 아니요. 고양이입니다. No. It s a cat. 5 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 4: 뭐예요? What is it?

94 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 Workbook Area 81 5 Workbook Area A5-1. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 야채, 그것, 이것, 뭐, 가, 예요, 이에요, 고기, 멜론, 아니에요, 이, 버섯, 은, 는 Is that a mushroom? That is not meat. What is vegetable? 2. 사람, 미국, 이, 가, 입니다, 는, 은, 영국, 어느 나라, 한국, 일본, 저, 아닙니다 What nationality are you? I am American. I am not Korean. 3. 오이, 가, 이, 는, 눈, 은, 이것, 그것, 다리, 발, 머리, 코, 이에요, 아니에요, 예요 This is not a cucumber. Feet are not legs. That is a nose.

95 82 KoreanFromZero.com A5-2. Picture question and answer Answer the following questions by looking at the pictures. You can check your answers in the answer key for this lesson. Answer with the same style of sentence as the question. 1. 이것은 뭐예요? 2. 고양이예요? Answer: Answer: 3. 뭐예요? 4. 코입니까? Answer: Answer: 5. 고기예요? 6. 뭐예요? Answer: Answer:

96 Korean From Zero! Lesson 5 Workbook Area 83 A5-3. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 이것은 뭐예요? B: 그것은 고기예요. A: 저것은 차예요? B: 아니에요, 저것은 자전거예요. A: B: A: B: A5-4. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Is it a cat? B: No, it is a dog. A: Is he Min Su Park? B: Yes, that s correct. A: B: A: B:

97 84 KoreanFromZero.com 5 Vocabulary Builder The words in this vocabulary group will be used in the next and following lessons. Group D: people 사람 여자 남자 여자친구 남자친구 학생 대학생 선생님 아버지 어머니 동생 여동생 남동생 누나 (only used by boys) 언니 (only used by girls) girl, woman boy, man girlfriend boyfriend student college student teacher father mother younger sibling younger sister younger brother older sister older sister 형 (only used by boys) older brother 오빠 (only used by girls) older brother

98 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs 85 Lesson 6: Introduction to descriptive verbs 6 Before This Lesson 1. Know vocabulary group: D (people) words. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to conjugate Korean verbs into the BASIC form. 2. Understand the difference between the verb BASIC form and STEM. 3. Learn how to specify objects using this and that. Lesson Highlights 6-1. Descriptive verbs / Adjectives 6-2. Korean verb stems 6-7. This, that, and that over there From The Teachers 1. As teachers we found it difficult to effectively teach the existing 아/어/여 verb rules without confusing the students. To solve this problem we created a form we call the BASIC form. We are confident this form will help you a great deal on your road to Korean fluency. LEARN IT WELL!

99 86 KoreanFromZero.com 6 New Words 새로운 단어 날씨 weather 김밥 seaweed roll 국 soup 영화 movie 만화책 comic book 음식 food 주스 juice 요거트 yogurt 신발 shoes 양말 socks 피자 pizza ~씨 Mr., Mrs., Miss 6 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 6-1. Descriptive verbs / Adjectives Korean verbs are grouped into action and descriptive verbs. Action verbs include words like, to swim, to eat, and to go. Descriptive verbs include words like, cold, spicy, and nice. Action and descriptive verbs have slightly different usage rules, so it s important to know which verb type you are using. Let s start with some descriptive verbs. 다 form BASIC form English Type 싸다 싸 cheap regular 비싸다 비싸 expensive regular 짜다 짜 salty regular 달다 달아 sweet regular 쓰다 써 bitter regular 크다 커 big regular 작다 작아 small regular 좋다 좋아 good, nice regular 나쁘다 나빠 bad regular 재미있다 재미있어 interesting, fun regular 맛있다 맛있어 tasty, delicious regular

100 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs 87 6 Grammar 문법 6-2. Korean verb stems In section 6-1 we introduced 11 new descriptive verbs. Each verb has two forms listed. The 다 form is what will be in the dictionary. When you remove the 다 from any verb you are left with what we will call the stem. The black portion is the verb stem Korean verb BASIC form The BASIC form is sometimes called the fully conjugated stem, vowel contraction, or very commonly the 아 / 어 / 여 form. But, these names don t give the form the recognition it deserves. For this reason, we choose to call it the BASIC form. Why is BASIC form great? The BASIC form can be casual, polite, present tense, future tense, or even a command. In fact, the BASIC form is a fundamental part of many Korean grammar patterns. It s one of the most important verb forms you will learn. You will need to understand the difference between the stem, and the basic form. Many grammar patterns will be listed as: STEM + (something), or BASIC + (something)

101 88 KoreanFromZero.com 6-4. Creating verb BASIC form To make the BASIC form 아 / 어 / 여 will be added to the stem using a set of rules which are covered in the next section. The following rules are used to create the BASIC form for most verbs. As needed, we will introduce irregular conjugations in other lessons. From the stem and the stem s LAST vowel you can create the BASIC form. 작다 (small) 쓰다 (bitter) 달다 (sweet) A) Stem Last Vowel: ㅏ A) Stem Last Vowel: ㅡ A) Stem Last Vowel: ㅏ HAS 받침 NO 받침, no prior character HAS 받침 B) add 아 C) change to ㅓ C) add 아 BASIC Form: 작아 BASIC Form: 써 BASIC Form: 달아 Rule used: 2 Rule used: 5 Rule used: 2 맛있다 (tasty) 조용하다 (quiet) 멀다 (far) A) Stem Last Vowel: ㅣ A) Stem Last Hangul: 하 A) Stem Last Vowel: ㅓ HAS 받침 NO 받침 HAS 받침 B) add 어 B) change character to 해 B) add 어 BASIC Form: 맛있어 BASIC Form: 조용해 BASIC Form: 멀어 Rule used: 3 Rule used: 1 Rule used: 4

102 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs 89 Here is a breakdown of how each rule applies. Note: Some of the verbs are new to better demonstrate the rules.

103 90 KoreanFromZero.com

104 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs 91 Some verbs have a double vowel as the last vowel in their stem. We have not defined BASIC rules for double vowel verbs. For example when you have ㅚ in the stem then you overlay ㅓ to make ㅙ to make the BASIC form. The BASIC form of 되다 (to become) is 돼 Verbs with double vowels ㅢ ㅝ ㅟ etc. are not very common. They are too rare to expand the rules to include them. For double vowel stems just add 어 after them. This example demonstrates one such verb. The BASIC form of 사귀다 (to date) is 사귀어 6-5. Simple sentences using descriptive verbs One of the most common uses of the BASIC form is present tense. If you use the BASIC form as is what you are saying will be very informal / casual, and possibly rude Korean depending on who you are speaking with. In order to make the BASIC form polite you add 요. 요 form is one of the most common polite forms used. (BASIC descriptive verb) + 요 It s (BASIC descriptive verb) Example sentences 1. 비싸요. It s expensive. 2. 작아요. It s small. 3. 나빠요. It s bad. 4. 맛있어요. It s delicious. 5. 싸요. It s cheap. 6. 짜요. It s salty. 7. 커요. It s big. 8. 써요. It s bitter. 9. 좋아요. It s good. 10. 달아요. It s sweet. 11. 재미있어요. It s interesting.

105 92 KoreanFromZero.com 6-6. Using descriptive verbs with subjects Instead of 은/는 use the subject marker 이/가 to mark the item being talked about. If the item ends in a vowel use 가 and if it ends with a 받침 use 이. Example sentences 1. 영화가 재미있어요. 5. 차가 비싸요. Movies are interesting. Cars are expensive. 2. 야채가 싸요. 6. 날씨가 좋아요. Vegetables are cheap. The weather is nice. When speaking Koreans often say 재밌어요. Use 이 instead of 가 for words with 받침. 3. 피자가 짜요. 이것이 is 7. 귤이 달아요. Pizza is salty. pronounced Tangerines are sweet. 이거시. 4. 이것이 싸요. 8. 김밥이 맛있어요. This is cheap. Gimbap (seaweed roll) is delicious Korean consonants eat cookies If you imagine the ㅇ (이응) as a cookie that 받침 LOVE to eat, than you can easily visualize what happens during the sound blending learned in section 5-4.

106 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs This, that, and that over there + NOUN If you want to specify this dog or that person you will not use 이것 (this one) etc. Instead you use the suffix 이, 그, and 저 + noun. When using 이, 그, 저 you are typically point at something, or talking about something specifically. Using the topic marker 은/는 sounds more natural but 이/가 can still be used. Example sentences 1. 이 책은 싸요. This book is cheap. 2. 그 사람은 한국 사람이에요. That person is Korean. 3. 이 피자가 짜요. This pizza is salty. 4. 저 과일이 비싸요. That fruit over there is expensive. 5. 이 국은 뭐예요? What is this soup? 6. 이 영화가 재미있어요. This movie is interesting. 7. 저 차는 커요. That car over there is big. 8. 그 요거트는 달아요. That yogurt is sweet. 9. 그 사람은 대학생입니다. That person is a college student. 10. 그 김밥이 맛있어요? Is that gimbap tasty? 11. 이 만화책이 좋아요? Is this comic book good? 12. 이 주스는 써요. This juice is bitter.

107 94 KoreanFromZero.com 6-9. ~씨 (Mr., Mrs., Miss) Korean uses one handy word to cover Mr., Mrs., Miss., Ms. etc. 씨 is added after the person s full name. When translating 씨 it isn t always necessary to actually say Mr etc. Example sentences 1. 김민준 씨는 대학생입니다. Mr. Min Jun Kim is a college student. 2. 최지우 씨는 미국 사람이 아니에요. Jiu Choi is not an American. 씨 does not require a translation, but you should have it after the name. 6 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 이 영화는 재미있어요? Is this movie interesting? 네, 그 영화는 재미있어요. Yes, that movie is interesting. 네, 좋아요. Yes, it s good. 2. 저 사람은 친구 입니까? Is that person over there a friend? 네, 친구예요. Yes, she s a friend. In the Korean sentence he or she isn t needed. It s assumed by the context. 아니요, 친구가 아닙니다. No, he s not a friend. 3. 그 주스는 맛있어요? Is that juice delicious? 네, 이 주스는 맛있어요. Yes, this juice is delicious. 아니요, 써요. No, it s bitter. 네, 달아요. Yes, it s sweet.

108 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Introduction to descriptive verbs 95 6 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: 이 신발은 커요? B: 아니요, 작아요. A: 비싸요? B: 아니요, 싸요. A: Are these shoes big? B: No, they are small. A: Are they expensive? B: No, they are cheap. 2. Polite conversation between a Korean and someone in Korea for the first time. A: 이것은 뭐예요? B: 그것은 김밥이에요. A: 맛있어요? B: 아니요, 짜요. A: What is it? B: That is a seaweed roll. A: Does it taste good? B: No, it is salty. 6 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: Is that person over there American? B: No, he is Korean. A: Is he a teacher? B: No, he is a college student. Remember, Korean verbs are pronoun neutral and you don t actually need to say he, she, I, etc.

109 96 KoreanFromZero.com A: 저 사람은 미국 사람이에요? B: 아니요, 한국 사람이에요. A: 선생님이에요? B: 아니요, 대학생이에요. 2. Polite conversation between people at a salad buffet. A: Is that fruit? B: No, this is a vegetable. A: Is that a mushroom? B: No, this is a cucumber. A: 그것은 과일이에요? B: 아니요, 이것은 야채예요. A: 그것은 버섯이에요? B: 아니요, 이것은 오이예요. 6 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 이 피자는 맛있어요. This pizza is delicious. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: 뭐예요? What is it? 이것은 뭐예요? What is this?

110 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Workbook Area 97 6 Workbook Area A6-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. 1 바나나는 과일이에요. 2 과일은 맛있어요. 3 주스는 달아요. 4 멜론이 커요. Dialogue A: 바나나예요? B: 아니요, 귤이에요. A: 맛있어요? B: 네, 달아요. A6-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 주스는 달아요? 2. 귤은 짜요? 3. 멜론은 작아요?

111 98 KoreanFromZero.com A6-3. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 사람, 고기, 이, 저, 그, 대학생, 맛있다, 선생님, 가, 은, 는, 이, 아닙니다, 입니다, 과일, 요 This person is a college student. That fruit over there is delicious. That teacher isn t a college student. 2. 사람, 고기, 비싸다, 이, 그, 양말, 싸다, 맛있다, 가,달다, 은, 과일, 는, 쓰다, 요 These socks are expensive. That meat is tasty. Fruit is bitter. 3. 달다, 이, 영화, 그, 여자, 좋다, 날씨, 나쁘다, 가, 은, 귤, 는, 이, 바나나, 과일, 재미있다 This banana is sweet. The weather is nice. That movie is interesting.

112 Korean From Zero! Lesson 6 Workbook Area 99 A6-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 이것은 뭐예요? B: 그것은 피자예요. A: 맛있어요? B: 아니요, 짜요. A: B: A: B: A6-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Is it a mushroom? B: No, it s a melon. A: Is it sweet? B: No, it s bitter. A: B: A: B:

113 100 KoreanFromZero.com A6-6. BASIC form drill Answer the questions about the verbs listed below. New words are used, but you should be able to create the necessary parts for each one based on what you learned in this lesson. Refer to section 6-4 for the BASIC rules. 1. 기쁘다 (to be happy) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) What should 쁘 be changed to? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 2. 느리다 (to be slow) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Does the stem end with a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 3. 늦다 (to be late) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Is there a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies?

114 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession 101 Lesson 7: Pronouns and possession 7 Before This Lesson 1. Review the various vocabulary builder groups. 2. Know how to create the verb BASIC form. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to show possession, and how Korean pronouns work. 2. Learn the ㅂ irregular pattern. From The Teachers 1. The concepts in this lesson are taught in specific order. They should be followed in that order. Lesson Highlights 7-2. ㅂ (비읍) irregular verbs 7-3. Possession words and the particle 의 7-5. The word you and pronoun usage

115 102 KoreanFromZero.com 7 New Words 새로운 단어 누구 저 나 당신 너 케이크 책상 방 성적 커피 차 who? I, me (polite) I, me (casual) you (polite, formal) you (casual) cake desk room grades coffee tea 7 Word Usage 단어 사용법 7-1. 차 (car) and 차 (tea) 차 can mean car and tea. They are pronounced the same. In modern Korean 한자 (Chinese characters) aren t used like in the past, however, it s fun to know that the 차 for car originated from the Chinese character 車 which means wheel and the 차 for tea comes from 茶. 7 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 7-2. ㅂ (비읍) irregular verbs In the prior lesson we learned how to conjugate verbs into the BASIC form. These following irregular verbs are the first in a series of irregular verbs that we will cover in this and following lessons. Let s look at four ㅂ irregular verbs. 다 form BASIC form English Type 덥다 더워 hot (weather) ㅂ irregular 춥다 추워 cold (weather) ㅂ irregular 뜨겁다 뜨거워 hot to the touch ㅂ irregular 차갑다 차가워 cold to the touch ㅂ irregular

116 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession 103 ㅂ irregular verbs BASIC form is made by removing the ㅂ from the stem then adding 워. In English we have one word for hot and cold, however in Korean there are two words for hot and two for cold. 덥다 (hot) and 춥다 (cold) are used when talking about the weather or room temperature. When you are talking about things that you drink, eat, or touch then you must use 뜨겁다 (hot to the touch) and 차갑다 (cold to the touch). Example sentences 1. 날씨가 더워요. The temperature is hot. 2. 이 주스는 차가워요. This juice is cold. 3. 이 국이 뜨거워요. This soup is hot. 4. 그 방은 추워요. That room is cold. 7 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 누구세요? Who is it? This is good for asking on the phone or to someone you don t know. If you are asking Who is it? in normal conversation say 누구예요? 2. 맞아요. That s correct. / That s right.

117 104 KoreanFromZero.com 7 Grammar 문법 7-3. Possession words and the particle 의 The possession marker 의 follows a word to make it possessive, or to make it a modifier of the following word. All you do is add 의 to the word to make it possessive. Example sentences 1. 저의 성적은 좋아요. 4. 저의 남자친구가 서른 살이에요. My grades are good. My boyfriend is 30 years old. 2. 저의 친구는 일본 사람입니다. 5. 너의 차가 비싸? My friend is Japanese. Is your car expensive? 요 isn t used as it s too polite for 너. 3. 당신의 선생님은 지혜 선생님입니까? 6. 나의 차는 도요타예요. Is your teacher Mrs. Jihye. My car is a Toyota. NOTE: The 의 hangul is pronounced like we with your bottom lip pulled back. HOWEVER, in the following cases you might hear it pronounced as 에. 1. When it s at the end of a word. (especially after 받침) 2. When it s spoken fast. You can also use 의 after names and titles to show possession. After names it acts like ( s) Example sentences 1. 조지의 차입니다. 4. 이것은 아버지의 펜입니까? It is George s car. Is this father s pen? 2. 선생님의 사과입니다. 5. 이것은 친구의 책입니다. It is teacher s apple. This is my friend s book. 3. 어머니의 바나나예요. 6. 그것은 동생의 요거트예요. It s my mother s banana. That s my sibling s yogurt.

118 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession 105 You can combine 누구 with 의 to say whose. Example Q&A 1. 이것은 누구의 책이에요? Whose book is this? 친구의 책이에요. 김민수 씨의 책입니다. It s my friend s book. It s Minsu Kim s book. 2. 그것은 누구의 음식이에요? Whose food is that? 저의 음식이에요. 너의 음식이야. 너의 is very informal. 이야, the informal of 이다 is also used. It s my food. It s your food Short versions of my and your 나의 is often shortened to 내 and 저의 shortened to 제 to mean my or even me / I. If it s in front of another noun then it s my and if not then it is me / I. Korean unfortunately does not have different sounds for 네 and 내. So the same sound can mean you and me. To avoid this Koreans pronounce 네 as 니 when speaking. You usually won t see 니 in writing, but in speaking 니 is very common. On a funny note, if you listen to KPOP music you might have wondered why they keep saying NIGA. Well they aren t trying to be hip hop. They are actually saying you are.

119 106 KoreanFromZero.com Example sentences 1. 제 어머니는 마흔 살입니다. 4. 너는 내 친구가 아니야! My mother is 40 years old. You are not my friend! 아니야 is informal of 아닙니다. 2. 제 친구는 선생님이에요. 5. 제 누나는 대학생이에요. My friend is a teacher. My older sister is a college student. 3. 네 (니) 차가 도요타야? 6. 제가 미국 사람이에요. Is your car a Toyota? I m American. Here 제 means 네 = your; 내 = my; I and not my. 야 = informal of 이다. It s important to know that words such as 제 (my), and 네 (your) will ALWAYS be followed by a noun. These words are modifying the noun they come before The word you and pronoun usage Even though we just taught you how to say you and your, it s REALLY important to understand that Korean doesn t use you and your as frequently as English does. It s almost as if they purposely avoid it. Sentences automatically determine pronouns such as, you, I, he and, she based on the context. For example, you or your isn t part of What is your name? This is because of the context. If this is said to you, you know it s YOUR name. However, if you are talking to a friend about his new girlfriend, the same phrase could mean What is HER name?

120 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession 107 So when do you actually say you in Korean? You will hear 당신 in Korean pop music, dramas, and translated materials. Whenever the generic you is required, then 당신 is used. Because English often uses you, it s very common to see 당신 in Korean translations, however avoiding it is best. 당신 is also used by couples when addressing each other. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY You should avoid using 당신 when talking to people as it s a bit weird and might even be considered rude. It s much more common to refer to people by their names or using 너 in casual speech Using 것 to say thing In section 6-7 we took the first part of 이것 (this one) to make 이 which can go in front of any noun to say this (noun). This is very powerful, but so is the remaining 것 which just means thing. 것 is a common part of many Korean grammar patterns. It can be used to refer to physical things, and ideas. In this lesson we use it to say It s mine and whose is it etc. Although 것 can be translated as thing, it is often not said in the English translation, despite it being a very important part of the grammar. Example sentences 1. 누구의 것이에요? Whose thing is this? / Whose is it? In spoken Korean 의 is often removed. 2. 그것이 제 것이에요? 4. 이 음식은 누구의 것이에요? Is that my thing? / Is that mine? Whose is this food? 3. 이 바나나는 선생님의 것입니까? 5. 그 개는 제 것이 아니에요. Is this banana teacher s? That dog isn t mine.

121 108 KoreanFromZero.com In English we can say Is this yours? to a complete stranger. In Korea there is a layer of politeness with complete strangers. Directly referring to a person you don t know as YOU either using 당신 or 너 is not normal. For this reason you wouldn t ask Is this yours to someone UNLESS you know them. Also, since you know them, and since 너 is casual, you would use casual speech (which is covered in section 13-10) You shouldn t say these sentences: 1. 이 잡지는 너의 것이에요? Is this magazine yours? 2. 이 잡지는 당신의 것이에요? Is this magazine yours? If you are talking to your friend you can say these casual phrase: 1. 이 잡지는 너의 것이야? Is this magazine yours? 2. 이 잡지는 네 것이야? Is this magazine yours? When talking to a stranger it s better to ask: 1. 이 잡지는 누구의 것이에요? Whose magazine is this? 7-7. He and She pronouns In English we use he and she when talking about a person whom might be with us. However, in Korean you never say he or she about a person whom is with you. He in Korean can be simply, 그 or 그 사람. 그 사람 can also mean that person, so the context of the sentence will determine if it means he or not. 그녀 means her but it is never said in spoken Korean. It is only used in written Korean. Although this has been said before, it s VERY important to understand that Korean does NOT continually use pronouns like English. Once a topic is introduced, it is typically NOT restated again in any form. For English speakers who are used to continually saying he, she, I, you this might be a challenge. Some books, including this one, will sometimes restate a topic, or use pronouns more than necessary in order to teach certain concepts. As this book progresses we will wean you off of overusing pronouns. If you DO use pronouns when they don t have to be used, don t worry, it s a common mistake of new speakers of Korean. You may not sound natural, but will be understood.

122 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 저 사과는 누구의 것이에요? Whose apple is that? 제 것이에요. It s mine. 내 것이야. It s mine. Remember 내 is only used in casual speech. For polite speech 제 would be used. 제 누나의 것이에요. It s my older sister s. 2. 캐나다 사람이에요? Are you Canadian? 네, 맞아요. Yes, that s right. 네. 나는 캐나다 사람이에요. Yes. I am Canadian. 아니에요. 저는 한국 사람이에요. I m not. I am Korean. 아니요. 캐나다사람이 아니에요. No. I am not Canadian. 3. 저 여자는 미국 사람이에요? Is that girl American? 네, 맞아요. Yes, that s right. 아니요, 영국 사람이에요. No, she is English. 아니에요, 호주 사람이에요. She isn t. She is Australian.

123 110 KoreanFromZero.com 4. 이 책상은 누구의 것이에요? Whose is this desk? 조지의 것입니다. It s George s. Whose desk is this? sounds more natural than Whose is this desk? in English but this sentence is not weird in Korean syntax. 저 여자의 것입니다. It s that girl s. 선생님의 것입니다. It s the teacher s. 5. 대학생이에요? Are you a college student? 네, 저는 대학생이에요. Yes, I am a college student. Here 네 means yes. The 네 that means your will ALWAYS be followed by another noun. 아니요, 저는 대학생이 아니에요. No, I am not a college student. 7 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation at a restaurant. A: 이 국은 누구의 것이에요? B: 제 것이에요. A: 뜨거워요? B: 네, 뜨거워요. A: Whose soup is this? B: It is mine. A: Is it hot? B: Yes, it is. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: 저 여자는 누구예요? B: 제 누나예요. A: 당신의 누나는 대학생이에요? B: 아니요, 선생님이에요.

124 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Pronouns and possession 111 A: Who is that girl? B: She is my older sister. A: Is your older sister a college student? B: No, she is a teacher. 3. Polite conversation when a friend visits for the first time. A: 이 방은 당신의 방이에요? B: 아니요, 제 남동생의 방이에요. A: 이 방은 더워요. B: 네, 더워요. A: Is this room your room? B: No, this room is my younger brother s room. A: This room is hot. B: Yes, it is. 7 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation in a parking lot. A: Whose is this Hyundai car? (Whose Hyundai is this?) B: This is my father s car. A: Is it expensive? B: Yes, it is. 현대 is a major Korean car company. They also own KIA. A: 이 현대 차는 누구의 것이에요? B: 이것은 제 아버지의 차예요. A: 비싸요? B: 네, 비싸요. 2. Polite conversation at a park. A: Whose cat is that over there? B: It s mine. A: How old is that cat? B: He is 2 years old.

125 112 KoreanFromZero.com A: 저 고양이는 누구 것이에요? B: 제 것이에요. A: 몇 살이에요? B: 두 살이에요. 3. Polite conversation at school. A: My grades are very good. B: My grades are bad A: Who is the teacher? B: It s Ms. Sunhee (teacher). A: 제 성적은 너무 좋아요. B: 제 성적은 나빠요 A: 선생님은 누구예요? Many Koreans spell their name differently than the official Korean Romanization to make it easier to read. Sunhee is actually Seonheui B: 선희 선생님이에요. 7 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 어머니의 피자는 차가워요. My mother s pizza is cold. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: 뭐예요? What is it? 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? 이 피자는 맛있어요. This pizza is delicious.

126 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Workbook Area Workbook Area A7-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 제니 (Jenny), 외국인 (Foreigner) 1 제 동생의 여자친구의 이름은 제니예요. 2 제니는 대학생이에요. 3 영국사람이에요. 4 스무 살이에요. Dialogue A: 이 여자는 누구예요? B: 제 남동생의 여자친구 제니예요 A: 외국인이에요? 어느 나라 사람이에요? B: 영국사람이에요. A7-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 제니는 어느 나라 사람이에요? 2. 제 동생의 여자친구의 이름은 선아예요? 3. 제니는 서른 살이에요?

127 114 KoreanFromZero.com A7-3. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 은, 나쁘다, 주스, 성적, 이름, 뭐예요, 는, 의, 오빠, 차갑다, 당신, 커피, 그, 이, 가, My grades are bad. This coffee is cold. What is your name? 2. 날씨, 이름, 그녀, 은, 는, 선생님, 이, 가, 의, 제, 이다, 남동생, 뜨겁다, 신발, 그, 저, 덥다, She is my teacher. My younger brother s name is 선호. The weather is hot. 3. 어머니, 은, 는, 그녀, 이다, 차, 작다, 저, 이, 가, 국, 김밥, 의, 맛있다, 방, 도요타 Her room is small. My mother s car is a Toyota. That soup over there is tasty.

128 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Workbook Area 115 A7-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 이 커피는 뜨거워요? B: 아니요, 차가워요. A: 날씨는 더워요? B: 아니요, 추워요. A: B: A: B: A7-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Whose magazine is this? B: It s mine. A: Whose Toyota is this? B: It s my friend s car A: B: A: B:

129 116 KoreanFromZero.com A7-6. Basic Form Drill Answer the questions about the verbs listed below. New words are used, but you should be able to create the necessary parts for each one based on what you learned in this lesson. Refer to section 6-4 and 7-2 (ㅂ irregular) for the BASIC form rules. 1. 더럽다 (to be dirty) (ㅂ irregular) A) What is the stem? B) What is removed from the stem? C) What is added to the stem? D) What is the BASIC form? 2. 슬프다 (to be sad) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) What should 프 be changed to? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 3. 흐리다 (to be cloudy) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Does the stem end with a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies?

130 Korean From Zero! Lesson 7 Workbook Area 넓다 (to be wide) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Does the stem end with a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 5. 바쁘다 (to be busy) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) What should 쁘 be changed to? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies?

131 118 KoreanFromZero.com 7 Vocabulary Builder Some of these words will be used in the following lessons. Even if they aren t used in the lessons you should learn them. Group E: places 장소 집 학교 직장 병원 공항 교실 아파트 교회 절 화장실 목욕탕 식당 회사 house, home school workplace hospital airport classroom apartment church Buddhist temple restroom bathhouse restaurant company (work) Group F: animals 동물 개 고양이 쥐 펭귄 곰 하마 기린 코끼리 물고기 dog cat mouse penguin bear hippo giraffe elephant fish

132 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations 119 Lesson 8: Having, not having, and locations Before This Lesson 1. Know vocabulary groups: E (places) and F (animals). 2. Understand how to make the verb BASIC form. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to use the location marker 에. 2. Learn how to use location words. From The Teachers 1. Keep reviewing the BASIC rules taught in section 6-4. They are important to upcoming verb patterns. 8 Lesson Highlights 8-4. 있다 (to exist, to have) 8-7. Using location words 8-8. 안 vs 속

133 120 KoreanFromZero.com 8 New Words 새로운 단어 어디 여기 거기 저기 의자 비행기 가방 침대 숙제 물 마음 꿈 악몽 where? here there over there chair airplane purse, bag bed homework water heart, mind dream nightmare 8 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 In this lesson we add the first 하다 verb. We will learn some descriptive verbs that will help you reinforce the rules learned in prior lessons. If you need to, review the section on ㅂ irregulars in lesson 7 and BASIC form in lesson 6. 다 form BASIC form English Type 많다 많아 a lot, many regular 어렵다 어려워 difficult ㅂ irregular 쉽다 쉬워 easy ㅂ irregular 맵다 매워 spicy ㅂ irregular 예쁘다 예뻐 pretty, beautiful regular 착하다 착해 kind, nice 하다

134 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations 많다 (a lot, many) 많다 is a very common descriptive verb used in daily Korean. This is one of the first words in this book that has a 겹받침 (double final consonant). The final consonant in 많 is the h sound ㅎ (히읗). It s silent and the entire character should be pronounced as 만. Example sentences 1. 많아요. (sounds like 마나요) There is a lot. 2. 숙제가 많아요. (I have) a lot of homework. 3. 친구는 숙제가 많아요. My friend has a lot of homework. 4. 선생님은 친구가 많아요. Teacher has many friends. The I have isn t actually said in Korean, but it is implied based on context. If you say My sister is stressed first, then it translates as She has lots of homework. Using the topic marker you can directly specify who you are talking about instead of relying on context or prior sentences 어렵다 (hard), 쉽다 (easy), and 맵다 (spicy) These three descriptive verbs don t follow the standard BASIC pattern. You might eventually wonder why they are irregular when it seems most ㅂ descriptive verbs don t follow the regular pattern.

135 122 KoreanFromZero.com Example sentences 1. 이 음식이 매워요? 2. 제 숙제가 어려워요. Is this food spicy? My homework is difficult. 3. 한국어는 쉬워요. 4. 이 주스는 써요. Korean is easy. This juice is bitter 예쁘다 (pretty, beautiful), 착하다 (kind, nice) 예쁘다 and 착하다 are both used to describe people. Scenery can also be 예쁘다. If necessary, review section 6-4 to know how to make the BASIC form for each of these. Example sentences 1. 제 여자친구가 예뻐요. 2. 제 아버지는 착해요. My girlfriend is pretty. My father is kind. 8 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 있다 있어 to exist, to have regular 없다 없어 to not exist, to not have regular 8 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 8-4. 있다 (to exist, to have) You will use this verb everyday when speaking Korean. Even though 있다 has an S sound ㅅ (시옷), remember that when a ㅅ comes at the end of a character it sounds like a T unless followed by ㅇ in the next character. This is covered in more detail in section 5-4. 있다 is used to say things like, there is a ~, and I have a ~. When using 있다, the item that you have or exists is marked with the subject marker 이 / 가. (thing) 이 / 가 있다 there is a (thing) to have a (thing)

136 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations 123 있다 isn t a descriptive verb but it still uses the rules from the prior lessons. The BASIC form is needed to fully use the verb. 요 after the BASIC form makes the sentence polite. Example sentences 1. 고양이가 있어요. There is a cat. / I have a cat. Don t let the final 이 in 고양이 confuse you. This is just a part of the word and not the subject marker. 2. 야채가 있어요. 4. 김밥이 있어요. There are / I have vegetables. There is / I have gimbap. 3. 펜이 있어요? 5. 뭐가 있어요? Do you have a pen? What is there? / What do you have? 8-5. 없다 (to not exist, to not have) 없다 has the opposite meaning of 있다. It also has 겹받침 (double final consonant). When saying 없다 the ㅅ (시옷) is silent unless it s followed by a vowel. When it s in the BASIC form 없어 then both the ㅂ (비읍) and ㅅ (시옷) are sounded out much like the obs in the word obscure. However, by no means is 없다 obscure in the Korean language. You will certainly use it every day you speak Korean. Example sentences 1. 고양이가 없어요. 4. 김밥이 없어요. There isn t a cat. / I don t have a cat. There isn t / I don t have gimbap. 2. 야채가 없어요. 5. 펜이 없어요? There aren t any / I don t have vegetables. You don t have a pen? 3. 저는 여동생이 없어요. 6. 제 가방이 없어요. I don t have a younger sister. My bag isn t there. 8 Grammar 문법 8-6. Location marker 에 The location marker 에 is the Korean version of in, on, at. You put it after a location to mark it as the location where something is or isn t. We will use the new words 여기 (here) etc. that were introduced in this lesson.

137 124 KoreanFromZero.com Example sentences 1. 여기에 있어요. 3. 어디에 있어요? It s here. Where is it? 2. 거기에 없어요. 4. 저기에 있어요. It isn t there. It s over there. Now let s make bigger sentences that have subjects and locations. Example sentences 1. 차가 여기에 있어요. 3. 고양이가 어디에 있어요? A car is here. Where is the cat? 2. 개가 거기에 없어요. 4. 제 친구가 저기에 있어요. Dogs aren t there. My friend is over there Using location words Location words are used with objects to say things like in front of the car and on top of the table. Simply add the location word after the item followed by the location marker 에. 위 밑 속 / 안 above, on top, up below, under, down inside, in 옆 앞 뒤 side, next to in front behind

138 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations 125 Example sentences See if you can cover the English of the following sentences and guess the English based on the pictures in the prior section. 1. 책상 위에 고양이가 있어요. 4. 책상 옆에 곰이 있어요. There is a cat on top of the desk. There is a bear next to the desk. 2. 책상 밑에 쥐가 있어요. 5. 책상 앞에 하마가 있어요. There is a mouse under the desk. There is a hippo in front of the desk. 3. 책상 속에 펭귄이 있어요. 6. 책상 뒤에 기린이 있어요. There is a penguin in the desk. There is a giraffe behind my desk. All of the prior sentences had a pattern of There is an animal on top of the desk. with the topic of the sentence being the location. However, if we want to make the animal the primary topic, we would change the sentences to the ones below. Example sentences 1. 고양이는 책상 위에 있어요. 4. 곰은 책상 옆에 있어요. The cat is on top of the desk. The bear is next to the desk. 2. 쥐는 책상 밑에 있어요. 5. 하마는 책상 앞에 있어요. The mouse is under the desk. The hippo is in front of the desk. 3. 펭귄은 책상 속에 있어요. 6. 기린은 책상 뒤에 있어요. The penguin is in the desk. The giraffe is behind my desk. What just happened? What is different between the first and second set of sentences? 이 / 가 subject markers have changed to 은 / 는 topic markers. Furthermore, the order of the sentences are different since a topic should start the sentence. The English also completely changes. Further down the rabbit hole So why isn t a 은 / 는 topic marker used after the location in the first set of sentences? You actually CAN say 에는. The 는 isn t needed unless you wish to stress the specific location. 책상 위에는 고양이가 있어요. There is a cat on TOP of the desk. (as opposed to other places)

139 126 KoreanFromZero.com 8-8. 안 vs 속 속 and 안 both mean inside, in. Let s look at when to use each one. 안 is used when you can OPEN and look inside. Bags and refrigerators can be opened. Buildings, and other structures have doors. 1. 비행기 안에 있어요? Are you inside an airplane? 2. 친구는 학교 안에 있어요. My friend is inside the school. 3. 집 안에 있어요. It s inside the house. / I m in my house. 4. 어머니는 병원 안에 없어요. My mother is not inside the hospital. 속 is used in abstract spaces that you cannot OPEN, or SEE inside. Liquids and non-physical locations such as dreams, your head, and your heart use 속. 1. 머리 속에 있어요. It s in my head. 2. 제 악몽 속에 하마가 있어요. There is a hippo in my nightmare. 3. 제 마음 속에 당신이 있어요. You are in my heart. 4. 꿈 속에는 친구가 많아요. In my dreams there are many friends. 속 and 안 are sometimes interchangeable with smaller physical locations. 1. 가방 안에 김밥이 있어요. There is gimbap in my bag. 2. 가방 속에 김밥이 있어요. There is gimbap in my bag. 3. 책상 안에 펜이 없어요. There isn t a pen in the desk. 4. 책상 속에 펜이 없어요. There isn t a pen in the desk 누구 vs 누가 누구 and 누가 both mean Who. 누구 is used when who is the object (such as Who do you love?. 누가 is used when who is the subject (such as, Who is coming? ). If you ever want to say 누구가 just shorten it to 누가. 1. 누가 있어요? Who is there? 2. 방 안에 누가 있어요? Who is in the room?

140 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 여동생이 있어요? Do you have a younger sister? 네, 있어요. Yes, I have. 아니요, 없어요. No, I don t have 아니요, 없어요. 저는 남동생이 있어요. No, I don t have. I have a younger brother. 2. 지혜 선생님은 어디에 있어요? Where is teacher Jihye? 저기에 있어요. She is over there. 병원에 있어요. She is at a hospital. 식당에 있어요. She is at a restaurant. 3. 귤은 어디에 있어요? Where is the tangerine? 가방 안에 있어요. 가방에 있어요. It s in the bag. Both of these sentences are correct. 책상 뒤에 있어요. It s behind the desk. 귤이 없어요. I don t have a tangerine.

141 128 KoreanFromZero.com 8 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between co-workers. A: 누나가 있어요? Notice here that B: 네, 있어요. 있어요 now means A: 어디에 있어요? exist instead of B: 프랑스에 있어요. have. A: Do you have an older sister? B: Yes, I do. A: Where is she? B: She is in France. 2. Polite conversation between friends on the phone. A: 어디예요? B: 저는 집에 있어요. A: 엄마는 어디에 있어요? B: 병원에 있어요. A: Where are you? B: I am in my house. A: Where is your mother? B: She is in the hospital. 3. Casual conversation between friends after school. A: 숙제가 많아? B: 응, 많아. A: 숙제가 어려워? 아니 is the B: 아니, 쉬워. casual form of no. 응 is the casual form of yes. A: Do you have a lot of homework? B: Yeah, lots. A: Is the homework hard? B: No, it s easy.

142 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Having, not having, and locations Polite conversation on the phone. A: 누구세요? 선아 is a Korean girl s name. B: 저는 선아의 친구 조지예요. 선아는 집에 있어요? A: 아니요, 선아는 공항에 있어요. B: 알겠습니다. 감사합니다. 알겠습니다 is a polite way to say Okay. A: Who is it? B: This is Seona s friend George. Is Seona at home? A: No, she s at the airport. B: Okay. Thank you. 8 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: Do you have a car? B: No, I don t have a car. A: Does your older brother have one? B: Yes, he has a car. A: 차가 있어요? B: 아니요, 차가 없어요. A: 오빠는 차가 있어요? B: 네, 차 있어요. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: Who is at school? B: My older brother is at school. A: Is your younger sister there also (도)? B: No, she isn t. She is at home. A: 학교에 누가 있어요? B: 제 오빠가 있어요. A: 여동생도 학교에 있어요? B: 아니요, 없어요. 집에 있어요. Your is not needed because we know WHOSE brother we are talking about based on the context. It s common in Korean to drop particles when speaking. 가 is dropped here. 누가 학교에 있어요 is also a good sentence. As long as you keep the particles with the proper word you can move them without affecting the meaning. 도 is taught later in the book. It means also.

143 130 KoreanFromZero.com 3. Polite conversation at a restaurant. A: Is that meat spicy? B: Yes. It is spicy. Do you have orange juice? A: I don t have orange juice. I have water. A: 그 고기는 매워요? B: 네, 매워요. 오렌지 주스가 있어요? A: 오렌지 주스가 없어요. 물이 있어요. 8 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 어머니는 가방이 없어요. My mother doesn t have a bag. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: 이것은 뭐예요? What is this? 이 피자는 맛있어요. This pizza is delicious. Lesson 7: 제 어머니의 피자는 차가워요. My mother s pizza is cold.

144 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Workbook Area Workbook Area A8-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. 1 바나나 옆에 책이 있어요. 2 그 책은 민수 씨의 책이에요. 3 민수 씨의 잡지는 어디에 있어요? 4 가방 안에 없어요. Dialogue A: 의자 위에 책이 있어요? B: 아니요. 없어요. A: 잡지는 어디에 있어요? B: 사과 옆에 있어요. A8-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 잡지는 바나나 옆에 있어요? 2. 잡지는 가방 안에 있어요? 3. 그 책은 누구의 책이에요?

145 132 KoreanFromZero.com A8-3. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 에, 그, 은, 네, 위에, 숙제, 오빠, 의, 양말, 는, 이, 있다, 가, 여기, 책상, 쉽다, 제, 안에, 요 My socks are on the desk. His homework is easy. Your older brother is here. 2. 에, 의자, 귤, 그, 안, 침대, 이다, 학교, 선생님, 그녀, 은, 는, 교실, 뒤. 이, 가, 병원, 요 She is at the hospital. There is a tangerine behind the chair. Is the teacher in the classroom? 3. 있다, 숙제, 그녀, 누나, 너, 앞, 에, 고양이, 은, 없다, 는, 이, 가, 그, 의, 학교, 개, 어디, 요 Where is his older sister? Do you have a dog? She has no homework.

146 Korean From Zero! Lesson 8 Workbook Area 133 A8-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 선희의 가방은 어디에 있어요? B: 책상 옆에 있어요. A: 이 숙제는 쉬워요? B: 아니요, 어려워요. A: B: A: B: A8-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Do you have a chair? B: No, I don t. A: Is mom in her room? B: Yes, she is. A: B: A: B:

147 134 KoreanFromZero.com 8 Vocabulary Builder The more words you know, the less you will get stuck when speaking Korean. Keep reviewing the prior words until you know them well. These new words will pop up in following lessons. Group G: more places 더 많은 장소 은행 가게 백화점 서점 약국 편의점 영화관 도서관 bank store department store book store pharmacy convenience store movie theater library Group H: food and drink 음식과 마실것 빵 계란 우유 사탕 떡 음료수 라면 감자 감자튀김 bread egg milk candy rice cakes beverage (non-alcoholic) ramen noodles potato french fries

148 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters 135 Lesson 9: Asking for things and counters Before This Lesson 1. Know the vocabulary groups: G (more places) and H (food and drink). 2. Take a quick look at Lesson 2 to refresh your grasp of numbers. This lesson uses them heavily. 3. Take a 15 minute break. When was the last time you relaxed? Lesson Goals 1. Continue learning new descriptive verbs. 2. Learn a variety of counter types. From The Teachers 1. This lesson heavily uses Korean numbers and even teaches you higher numbers. Make sure you review lesson 2 if you need to study up. 9 Lesson Highlights 9-1. Ways to say very in Korean 9-5. Asking for something with 주세요 9-7. Korean Counters Sounding more natural with 그럼

149 136 KoreanFromZero.com 9 New Words 새로운 단어 얼마 how much? 원 won (Korean money) 달러 dollar 엔 yen (Japanese money) 유로 euro (EU money) 강아지 puppy 콜라 cola (Coke ) 콜라 라이트 cola light (Diet Coke ) 맥주 beer 물 water 밥 dinner, lunch etc., cooked rice 9 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 알겠습니다. (polite) Got it. / I understand. / Okay. This is very commonly said after you have given instructions or information to someone. The person who heard the information says this to mean understood. 2. 여기요. / 저기요. Come here please. (in a restaurant etc.) This means here / over there. 여기요 is most common to say I m here, but many Koreans say 저기요 to mean hey over there. Both will get a waiter to come. 9 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 We introduce a new verb type, 르 irregulars in this lesson and some new words for types already know. Review the section on ㅂ irregulars in lesson 7 and BASIC form in lesson 6. 다 form BASIC form English Type 빠르다 빨라 to be fast 르 irregular 귀엽다 귀여워 to be cute ㅂ irregular 맛없다 맛없어 to be tasteless regular 재미없다 재미없어 to be uninteresting regular

150 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters Ways to say very in Korean There are multiple ways to say very in Korean. Here are some of the most common ways. No matter what anyone tells you all of these words are used to mean very. It s pure semantics to say one is a different version of very. 너무 매우 아주 정말 진짜 very very (mostly written only) very (quite~) very (really~) very (really~) When 너무 is used in a sentence where the verb is perceived as negative then, in most cases, it means too. When used in a positive sentence it means very. Example sentences 1. 이 책은 너무 좋아요! This book is very good! 2. 이 책은 너무 비싸요! This book is too expensive! 3. 이 라면은 너무 맛있어요! This ramen is very delicious! 4. 이것은 너무 매워요! This is too spicy! 5. 이것은 너무 싸요! This is very cheap! 6. 이것은 너무 작아요! This is too small! 매우 and 아주 are placed in front of verbs like just like 너무 but they only mean very. Example sentences 1. 이 책은 아주 좋아요! This book is very good! 2. 이 책은 매우 비싸요! This book is very expensive. 3. 이 라면은 아주 맛있어요! This ramen is very cold! 4. 이 라면은 매우 매워요! This ramen is very spicy. 5. 이것은 아주 싸요! This is very cheap! 6. 이것은 매우 작아요! This is very small!

151 138 KoreanFromZero.com 정말 and 진짜 both mean really or very when placed in front of descriptive verbs. Example sentences 1. 이 책은 정말 좋아요! This book is really expensive! 2. 이 라면은 진짜 매워요! This ramen is really spicy. 정말 and 진짜 both can mean are you serious?, or really?. 진짜 can even mean real, genuine as opposed to fake. Example sentences 1. 피노키오는 진짜 사람입니까? Is Pinocchio a real person? 2. 정말요? Are you serious? 9-2. 빠르다 (fast), 르 irregular verb types 르 irregulars still follow the BASIC form rules taught in section 6-4. They are irregular because the ㄹ (리을) sound is doubled by adding a ㄹ to the bottom of the first character. Most verbs that have 르 in them are this type. The 르 changes based on the BASIC form rules (section 6-4) rule #5. Then a ㄹ is added to the first character of the stem. The bottom 2 examples are verbs you don t know yet.

152 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters 139 Example sentences 1. 김민수 씨는 너무 빨라요! Minsu Kim is very fast! 2. 선생님의 차는 빨라요. Teacher s car is fast. SUMMARY: Always use the PRIOR to LAST character of the stem with BASIC rule #5. When the LAST character in the stem has ㅡ, BASIC rule #5 is used, and it s changed to ㅏ or ㅓ based on the PRIOR character s vowel. It s easy to mistakenly use the FIRST character for the vowel change with longer words. For example: 떠오르다 (to rise up; to occur) type: 르 irregular If you mistakenly use the FIRST character, the stem would be 떠올러. Since the character just before the FINAL in the stem is used, the BASIC is actually 떠올라 귀엽다 (cute) Nothing really much to say about this, except that Korean girls and boys are pretty cute so you will need this word. It is a ㅂ irregular verb, so the ㅂ changes to 워. Example sentences 1. 제 여자친구는 정말 귀여워요. My girlfriend is really cute. 2. 제 친구의 여동생이 귀여워요. My friend s younger sister is cute. 3. 그 강아지는 귀여워요. That puppy is cute. 4. 학교에서 누가 귀여워요? Who is cute in school? 누구가 changes to 누가 9-4. 맛없다 (tasteless), 재미없다 (uninteresting) 맛 means flavor and 재미 means fun or interest. When you say 맛있다 or 맛없다 you are actually saying there is flavor or there is no flavor. You learned the opposites of 맛없다 and 재미없다 in lesson 6. Example sentences 1. 그 책이 재미없어요. That book isn t interesting. 2. 그 책이 재미있어요. That book is interesting. 3. 이 요거트가 맛없어요! This yogurt is tasteless. 4. 이 요거트가 아주 맛있어요! This yogurt is very tasty.

153 140 KoreanFromZero.com The pronunciation difference between 맛없다 (tasteless) and 맛있다 (tasty) is significant. 맛없다 has a D sound at the end of 맛 and 맛있다 has an SH sound at the end of 맛. 9 Grammar 문법 9-5. Asking for something with 주세요 주세요 means please give or just please. It comes from the verb 주다 (to give). They item that is being asked for is marked with the object marker 을 / 를. (object) 을/를 주세요 Please give me (object) Use 을 if the object has a 받침 and 를 if it doesn t. Example sentences 1. 책을 주세요. 4. 귤을 주세요. Give me a book please. A tangerine please. 2. 차를 주세요. 5. 숙제를 주세요. Some tea please. Give me some homework please. 3. 커피 주세요. Coffee please. In spoken Korean, the object marker 을/를 is often dropped.

154 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters Saying and in lists 와 and 과 are used to connect nouns in a list. If the item just before and has a 받침, then 과 is used, and if there isn t a 받침 then 와 is used. This and is only ever used to connect nouns and NEVER sentences. The 와 or 과 has no space before, and always one after. Example sentences 1. 김밥과 국을 주세요. 4. 차와 커피를 주세요. Give me gimbap and soup. A tea and a coffee please. 2. 바나나와 귤이 맛있어요. 5. 고양이와 강아지가 귀여워요. Bananas and tangerines are tasty. Cats and puppies are cute. 3. 한국어와 일본어가 진짜 어려워요. 6. 제 어머니와 아버지는 너무 착해요. Korean and Japanese are really hard. My mother and father are really kind. In English, a comma is used for word lists, then and is used on the last word: (cats, dogs, and pigs). For Korean, 와 or 과 is required between every word in the list. Example sentences 1. 김밥과 국과 바나나를 주세요. Give me gimbap, soup, and a banana. 2. 누나의 머리와 얼굴이 아주 예뻐요. Your older sister s hair and face are very pretty. 3. 바나나와 귤과 멜론이 맛있어요. Bananas, tangerines, and melons are tasty. 머리 means head, but is also used to say hair. Each item in the and changes whether 와 or 과 is used Korean Counters In English we have slices of pizza, cups of coffee, reams of paper, schools of fish, packs of wolves, and wads of cash. Just like English, Korean will count things in unique ways based on what is being counted. The first counter is the 개 counter. 개 is the generic counter used for everyday items. 개 counter is sometimes used even when a more appropriate counter exists. It is never used for people, animals, machines, cars etc. as these types of items already have well defined counters. If you are ever at a loss as to which counter to use, use this one. You might be wrong, but at least you will have said a counter in the spot where one is needed.

155 142 KoreanFromZero.com generic counter 개 Number Korean Number Number with Counter Never one 하나 한 개 하나개 two 둘 두 개 둘개 three 셋 세 개 셋개 four 넷 네 개 넷개 five 다섯 다섯 개 six 여섯 여섯 개 seven 일곱 일곱 개 eight 여덟 여덟 개 nine 아홉 아홉 개 ten 열 열 개 eleven 열하나 열한 개 열하나 개 twenty 스물 스무 개 스물 개 how many? 몇 개? You will notice that there are slight changes to the numbers 1,2,3,4 and 20 when adding the counter. These changes occur in ALL counters using native Korean numbers. From 1-99, Korean numbers are used, but for 100 and up Chinese numbers are used. Examples 스무 개 (20) 아흔 개 (90) 서른 개 (30) 쉰 개 (50) 스물두 개 (22) 열일곱 개 (17) 마흔다섯 개 (45) 예순한 개 (61) 9-8. How to say a certain number of something To say things like 4 apples and 2 pens you simply put the number + counter word directly after the item.

156 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters 143 Example sentences 1. 사과 네 개를 주세요. 3. 계란 세 개 주세요. 4 apples please. 3 eggs please. Notice how and is used. 2. 저는 귤이 한 개 있어요. 4. 멜론 두 개와 바나나 한 개를 주세요. I have 1 tangerine. 2 melons and 1 banana please. Now let s learn some more specific Korean counters. animals / fish glasses / cups bottles 몇 마리? 몇 잔? 몇 병? 1 한 마리 한 잔 한 병 2 두 마리 두 잔 두 병 3 세 마리 세 잔 세 병 4 네 마리 네 잔 네 병 5 다섯 마리 다섯 잔 다섯 병 6 여섯 마리 여섯 잔 여섯 병 7 일곱 마리 일곱 잔 일곱 병 8 여덟 마리 여덟 잔 여덟 병 9 아홉 마리 아홉 잔 아홉 병 10 열 마리 열 잔 열 병 11 열한 마리 열한 잔 열한 병 20 스무 마리 스무 잔 스무 병 How Many? The remaining numbers follow the same pattern until 99. The counters follow the same rules as the 개 counter. Notice (잔) from sentence 3 is changed to (병). Example sentences 1. 고양이가 두 마리 있어요. 4. 물 여섯 병 주세요. There are 2 cats. / I have 2 cats. 6 bottles of water please. 2. 콜라 세 잔 주세요. 5. 커피 두 잔과 차 한 잔을 주세요. 3 glasses of cola please. 2 coffees and 1 tea please. 3. 물 여섯 잔 주세요. 6. 학교에 쥐가 몇 마리 있어요? 6 glasses of water please. How many rats are in the school?

157 144 KoreanFromZero.com 9-9. Human Counters 명 is used to count people. 분 is also used to count people but it is more formal and isn t used when referring to people in your own group. 인분 is commonly used in restaurants to count servings. NOTE: In this book we are actually spelling out the numbers to help you remember which version (Chinese or Korean) are being used. In actual usage numbers are normally not spelled out and you will have to remember which number version is used. people people (formal) servings 몇 명? 몇 분? 몇 인분? 1 한 명 한 분 일 인분 2 두 명 두 분 이 인분 3 세 명 세 분 삼 인분 4 네 명 네 분 사 인분 5 다섯 명 다섯 분 오 인분 6 여섯 명 여섯 분 육 인분 7 일곱 명 일곱 분 칠 인분 8 여덟 명 여덟 분 팔 인분 9 아홉 명 아홉 분 구 인분 10 열 명 열 분 십 인분 11 열한 명 열한 분 십일 인분 20 스무 명 스무 분 이십 인분 How Many? The remaining numbers follow the same pattern until 99. 인분 uses the Chinese numbers. Other than that, the rules are the same. Example sentences 1. 친구가 몇 명 있어요? How many friends do you have? 2. 학교에 선생님이 열 분 있어요. There are 10 teachers in the school. 3. 김밥은 몇 인분 있어요? How many servings of gimbap are there? 4. 김밥은 이십 인분 있어요. There are 20 servings of gimbap.

158 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters Sounding more natural with 그럼 그럼 means well, then~ or if that s the case~. It can be added to the front of any sentence. For example, if someone tells you they don t have any apples, you can respond with 그럼, 바나나 주세요. (Well then, give me a banana.) Example conversations 1. A: 사탕 열두 개 주세요. B: 사탕은 없어요. A: 그럼, 사과 세 개 주세요. A: Give me 12 pieces of candy please. B: We don t have any candy. A: Well then, give me 3 apples. 2. A: 여동생이 있어요? B: 아니요, 없어요. A: 그럼, 남동생이 있어요? B: 네, 있어요. A: Do you have a younger sister? B: No, I don t. A: Well then, do you have a younger brother? B: Yes, I do. 3. A: 이 김밥은 매워요? B: 네, 진짜 매워요! A: 그럼, 그 김밥은요? B: 몰라요. You can end a sentence with topic marker 은/는 + 요? to say what about~? A: Is this gimbap spicy? B: Yes, it s really spicy. A: Well then, what about that gimbap? B: I don t know.

159 146 KoreanFromZero.com , 1000, and (Numbers Part II) By learning just three more words you can count up to 99,999,999. In lesson 2 you learned how to count number For the higher numbers the pattern continues. The hundreds ( ) are very easy. Just add 백 (100) in front of the single numbers 1-9. the hundreds ( ) Number Korean Number Never 100 백 일백 200 이백 300 삼백 400 사백 500 오백 600 육백 700 칠백 800 팔백 900 구백 Example numbers 1. 오백오십 5. 백칠십육 구백삼십일 6. 이백사십사 사백이십 7. 팔백구십구 삼백팔십삼 8. 칠백십일

160 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters 147 The thousands ( ) are just as easy. Just add 천 (1000) after the single numbers. the thousands ( ) Number Korean Number Never 1000 천 일천 2000 이천 3000 삼천 4000 사천 5000 오천 6000 육천 7000 칠천 8000 팔천 9000 구천 The 1,000 unit in Korean ends at 9,000. After 9,000, Korean begins counting in units of 10,000. Each unit of 10,000 is called 만. So, 20,000 is 이만 because it is 2 (이) units of 10,000 (만). And 50,000 is 오만 because it is 5 (오) units of 10,000 (만). the ten thousands (10,000-90,000) Number Korean Number Never 10,000 만 일만 20,000 이만 30,000 삼만 40,000 사만 50,000 오만 60,000 육만 70,000 칠만 80,000 팔만 90,000 구만

161 148 KoreanFromZero.com You can have up to 9999 units of 10,000 which is 99,990,000. Knowing this, and with practice you can now count up just under 100 million. Example numbers (thousands) 1. 사천육백이십 5. 천이 4,620 1, 구천오백십일 6. 팔천팔백팔십팔 9,511 8, 오천삼백사십팔 7. 이천십사 5,348 2, 칠천이백구십칠 8. 삼천칠백 7,297 3,700 Example numbers (ten thousands) 1. 만 오천 5. 구만 사천오백 15,000 94, 오만 이천이백칠십삼 6. 삼만 팔천이백오십이 52,273 38, 육만 육백 7. 이만 칠천삼백삼 60,600 27, 만 천백십 8. 사만 사천 11,110 44,000 Example numbers (bigger number) 1. 백만 4. 삼백만 1,000,000 3,000, 오백만 5. 팔천오만 5,000,000 80,050, 천만 6. 구천구백구십구만 구천구백구십구 10,000,000 99,999,999

162 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters Using money counters Money is always counted using Chinese numbers. To use the money counters such as 원 (Won), 엔 (Yen), and 달러 (Dollars) you just add the counter word for the money after the number. There is always a space before the money counter. Example sentences 1. 만 원 있어요. 4. 만 원은 십 달러예요. I have 10,000 won. 10,000 won is 10 dollars. 2. 이백 달러 주세요. 5. 이만 오백육십 유로는 너무 비싸요. Give me 200 dollars please. 20,560 Euro is too expensive. 3. 이 펜은 오만 엔이에요. 6. 제 집은 이십만 달러입니다. This pen is 50,000 yen. My house is 200,000 dollars My school, my bank, my company In Korean language when referring to places that you don t actually own, such as the school you attend, the bank that you have an account with, the company you work at, and even your own house, it s common to use 우리 (we, our) instead of 제 or 내 (my). If 제 or 내 are used then ownership is implied. Examples 1. 우리 학교 My school / our school 2. 우리 대학교 My college / our college 3. 우리 운행 My bank / our bank 4. 우리 집 My house / our house 9 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 사탕 두 개 있어요? Do you have two pieces of candy? 네, 사탕 두 개 있어요. Yes, I have two pieces of candy. 아니요, 저는 사탕이 없어요. No, I don t have any candy.

163 150 KoreanFromZero.com 2. 서울에 가게가 몇 개 있어요? How many stores are in Seoul? 서울에는 가게가 만 개 있어요. There are 10,000 stores in Seoul. 천 개가 있어요. There are 1,000. 가게는 팔십칠 개가 있어요. There are 87 stores. The double particle 에는 is stressing that in Seoul, as opposed to other cities there are 10,000 stores Even though the 개 counter SHOULD use Korean numbers, once the numbers go above 20 some Koreans use the Chinese numbers. 3. 이 요거트는 차가워요? Is this yogurt cold? 네, 차가워요. Yes, it s cold. 아니요, 뜨거워요. No, it s hot. 몰라요. I don t know. 9 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation at a coffee shop. A: 커피는 얼마예요? B: 오천 원이에요. A: 그럼 두 잔 주세요. B: 만 원입니다. A: How much is coffee? B: It s 5000 Won. A: Well then, give me two cups. B: It s Won.

164 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters Polite conversation at a restaurant. A: 몇 명이에요? B: 다섯 명이에요. 피자와 콜라를 주세요. A: 알겠습니다. A: How many people? B: Five people. Give us pizza and coke please. A: Understood. 3. Polite conversation at a park. A: 저 고양이는 당신의 고양이예요? B: 네, 제 고양이예요. A: 너무 귀여워요. B: 고마워요. 당신 is really the only option to use when you don t know a person and need to say your. A: Is that cat over there your cat? B: Yes, it s my cat. A: It s really cute. B: Thanks. 9 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation at a Mexican restaurant. A: Does this food taste good? B: No, it s spicy. Do you have water? A: Yes, I have some. B: Give me some water please. A: 이 음식은 맛있어요? B: 아니요, 매워요. 물 있어요? A: 네, 있어요. B: 물 주세요.

165 152 KoreanFromZero.com 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: How many teachers are there in the school? B: There are ten. A: Well then, how many students are there? B: There are 500. A: 학교에 선생님이 몇 분 있어요? B: 열 분이 있어요. A: 그럼, 학생은 몇 명 있어요? B: 오백 명이 있어요. 3. Informal conversation about a drug deal?? No idea. A: How many you got? B: I got ten. A: Give me one. B: A ight. You can t tell us this isn t funny. Lighten up it s a joke. A: 몇 개 있어? B: 열 개 있어. A: 한 개 줘. 줘 is casual for 주세요. You really can t expect drug deals to be polite can you? 응 is casual for yes or in this case a ight B: 응. 9 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 콜라 한 병과 물 세 잔을 주세요. 2 bottles of cola and 3 cups of water please. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 6: 이 피자는 맛있어요. This pizza is delicious.

166 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Asking for things and counters 153 Lesson 7: Lesson 8: 제 어머니의 피자는 차가워요. My mother s pizza is cold. 제 어머니는 가방이 없어요. My mother doesn t have a bag.

167 154 KoreanFromZero.com 9 Workbook Area A9-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 켈리 (Kelly), 영화표 (movie ticket), 장 (paper / ticket counter), 팝콘 (popcorn) 1 우리 학교 옆에 영화관이 있어요. 2 켈리는 영화표 두 장이있어요. 3 영화표 두 장은 만 칠천 원이에요. Don't confuse 잔 (glasses / cups counter) and 장 (paper / ticket counter) since they sound alike. 4 팝콘은 오천 원이에요. Dialogue A: 안녕하세요. B: 영화표 세 장 주세요. 얼마예요? A: 이만 오천오백 원이에요. B: 팝콘 두 개 주세요. A: 알겠습니다. A9-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 켈리는 영화표 몇 장이 있어요? 2. 팝콘은 얼마예요? 3. 공항 옆에 영화관이 있어요?

168 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Workbook Area 155 A9-3. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 를, 을, 빠르다, 의, 주세요, 콜라, 맛없다, 물, 나, 맥주, 은, 는, 이, 가, 맛있다, 제, 그, 차 This beer is tasteless. My car is fast. Give me some water. 2. 가, 인분, 열, 제, 마리, 주세요, 아버지, 있다, 재미없다, 을, 에, 은, 음식, 명, 는 를, 오, 이, 개, 요. Please give me five portions of food. My father is not interesting. There are 10 dogs. 3. 백,은, 맥주, 에, 너무, 있다, 당신, 명, 의, 귀엽다, 학교, 는, 이, 가, 네, 남동생, 를, 춥다 Do you have some beer? There are 100 people at this school. Your younger brother is very cute.

169 156 KoreanFromZero.com A9-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 사탕 한 개는 얼마예요? B: 천 원이에요. A: 다섯 개 주세요. B: 오천 원이에요. A: B: A: B: A9-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Is this gimbap delicious? B: No, it s too salty. A: Well then, please give me 3 eggs. B: I don t have 3. I have 2 eggs. A: B: A: B:

170 Korean From Zero! Lesson 9 Workbook Area 157 A9-6. Basic form drill Answer the questions about the verbs listed below. New words are used, but you should be able to create the necessary parts for each one based on what you learned in this lesson. Refer to section 6-4 for the rules. 1. 어렵다 (to be difficult) ㅂ irregular (section 7-2) A) What is the stem? B) What is removed from the stem? C) What is added to the stem? D) What is the BASIC form? 2. 빠르다 (to be fast) 르 irregular (section 9-2) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) What should 르 be changed to? D) What gets added to 빠? E) What is the BASIC form? 3. 머무르다 (to stay, remain) 르 irregular (section 9-2) A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) What should 르 be changed to? D) What gets added to 무? E) What is the BASIC form?

171 158 KoreanFromZero.com 4. 입다 (to wear) regular A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Does the stem end with a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 5. 가르치다 (to teach) type: regular A) What is the stem? B) What is the last vowel in the stem? C) Does the stem end with a 받침? D) What is the BASIC form? E) What rule applies? 9 Vocabulary Builder Days of the week will be used a lot in the next lesson. Group I: days of the week 요일 일요일 월요일 화요일 수요일 목요일 금요일 토요일 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

172 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses 159 Lesson 10: Future, Past, and Present Tenses Before This Lesson 1. Understand how to convert verbs into the BASIC form. 10 Lesson Highlights 2. Understand what it means to be a ㅂ (비읍) irregular verb. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to make any verb into the future and past tense. From The Teachers 1. Don t worry if you haven t learned everything perfectly from past lessons. A lot of sentences are designed to review prior concepts. If you have some extra time you can always go back and scan prior lessons Past tense Future tense for most verbs Future tense and present tense without any conjugation The months CALENDAR

173 160 KoreanFromZero.com 10 New Words 새로운 단어 무슨 요일 언제 지금 어제 오늘 내일 매일 매주 매달 매년 시험 what day of the week? when? now, right now yesterday today tomorrow every day every week every month every year test, exam 10 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 가다 가 to go regular 오다 와 to come regular 10 Grammar 문법 In this lesson we introduce action verbs. Up until now we have learned mostly descriptive verbs. The good news is that the conjugation methods, such as BASIC form, taught in section 6-4 work for both types Past tense Up until this point, we have only used the present tense of verbs to say things like There are 2 cats and It is cold. If we want to say There WERE 2 cats and It WAS cold we need to create the past tense form of the verbs. To make verbs past tense you add ㅆ to the bottom of the BASIC form then add 어.

174 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses 161 Example sentences 1. 어제는 추웠어요. 5. 집에 있었어요. It was cold yesterday. I was at home. 2. 금요일은 더웠어요. 6. 고양이가 없었어요. Friday was hot. There wasn t a cat. Without 요 this is a casual sentence. Use with friends only! 3. 그 김밥은 매웠어요. 7. 그 주스는 달았어! That gimbap was spicy. That juice was sweet! 4. 이 책이 어려웠어요. 8. 영화는 재미있었어요. This book was difficult. The movie was interesting. NOTE: Sentence #5, #6, and #8 can be tricky. The present tense of verbs like 있다 and 없다 sound similar to the past tense of other verbs. These verbs need a DOUBLE ㅆ어 sound for past tense 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come) The location is marked with the location marker 에. (place) 에 가다 / (place) 에 오다 go to (place) / come to a (place)

175 162 KoreanFromZero.com The past tense for 가다 and 오다 follows the pattern taught in the prior grammar point. Example sentences (using locations) 1. 저는 학교에 갔어요. 3. 제가 친구의 집에 갔어요. I went to school. I went to a friend s house. 2. 아버지는 서울에 갔어요. 4. 개가 여기에 왔어요. My father went to Seoul. The dog came here. Time is marked with the time marker 에. The time marker is exactly the same as the location marker in sound. (time) 에 가다 / (time) 에 오다 go at (time) / come at (time) Example sentences (using times) 1. 저는 화요일에 갔어요. 3. 어머니가 목요일에 갔어요. I went on Tuesday. My mother went on Thursday. 2. 친구가 금요일에 왔어요. 4. 토요일에 왔어요. My friend came on Friday. I came on Saturday. You can use the time and location markers in the same sentence. Example sentences (using times and locations) 1. 남동생이 화요일에 서울에 왔어요. My younger brother came to Seoul on Tuesday. 2. 목요일에 여동생의 집에 갔어요. I went to my younger sister s house on Thursday. 3. 제 여자친구가 토요일에 편의점에 갔어요. My girlfriend went to the convenience store on Saturday. 4. 저는 금요일에 태국에 왔어요. I came to Thailand on Friday.

176 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses BASIC future tense and present tense Depending on the context of the sentence BASIC form can be future and present tense. You can force context by adding appropriate time words such as 내일 (tomorrow), 매일 (every day), and 지금 (now). Pay attention to how by changing just ONE word the tense of the sentence changes. Example sentences 1. 매일 가요. I go everyday. This is PRESENT tense because 매일 is used. 2. 내일 가요. I will go tomorrow. This is FUTURE tense because 내일 is used. 3. 언제 가요? When will you go? This is FUTURE tense because 언제 is used. 4. 내일 집에 있어요? Will you be at home tomorrow? 5. 지금 집에 있어요. I am at home now. In spoken Korean using the BASIC form is very common. Example conversation 1. A: 언제 한국에 와요? B: 금요일에 가요. The BASIC form of 오다 (to come) is 와 A: When are you coming to Korea? B: I m going on Friday. 2. A: 수요일에 어디에 가요? B: 학교에 가요. A: Where are you going on Wednesday? B: I will go to school. BASIC form can only be future and present tense. The BASIC form is NEVER past tense. To make past tense you must use the pattern taught in section Also, without the proper context BASIC form defaults to present tense.

177 164 KoreanFromZero.com Future tense (will do, going to do) Another way to make future tense verbs is ㄹ/을 거예요 form. This form has benefits over the BASIC future tense since it doesn t require context to make it future tense. ㄹ/을 거예요 for regular, and also 르 irregular verbs, is made using the pattern below. Example sentences 1. 서울에 갈 거예요. I will go to Seoul. 2. 수요일에 친구가 올 거예요. My friend is coming on Wednesday. 3. 내일 사람이 많을 거예요. There will be many people tomorrow. 4. 오늘은 집에 있을 거예요. I will be at home today.

178 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses Future tense for ㅂ (비읍) irregular verbs ㅂ irregular verbs conjugate into the future tense by removing ㅂ from the stem and then adding 울 거예요. NOTE!!! This is 울 not 을. Example sentences 1. 내일은 추울 거예요? Will it be cold tomorrow? 2. 금요일은 더울 거예요. Friday will be hot. 3. 시험이 어려울 거예요. The test will be hard. 4. 시험이 쉬울 거예요. The test will be easy ㄹ/을 거예요 for probable future outcomes While it s true that ㄹ/을 거예요 means, I will~, or I am going to~, it is also used to assume probable future outcomes. For example with any descriptive verb, it is more natural to translate ㄹ/을 거예요 to It will probably be~ or It might be~, instead of, It will be~. Example sentences 1. 내일은 추울 거예요. Tomorrow will probably be cold. 2. 이 김밥은 매울 거예요. This gimbap might be hot. 3. 시험이 어려울 거예요. The test might hard. 4. 시험이 쉬울 거예요. The test will probably be easy.

179 166 KoreanFromZero.com SUMMARY: To verb to rain or to snow uses the verb 오다 (to come). When 비 (rain) and 눈 (snow) fall, Koreans say it s coming using 오다 (to come). Example sentences 1. 내일 비가 올 거예요. It will rain tomorrow. 2. 지금 눈이 와요. It s snowing now. 3. 화요일에 비가 왔어요. It rained on Tuesday. 4. 어제 눈이 왔어요. It snowed yesterday A note about the time marker 에 The time marker 에 translates to in, on, or at in relation to times. You should not use time marker 에 with 오늘 (today), 어제 (yesterday), and 내일 (tomorrow). You should use 에 after named times like Sunday, March, or 3pm. NOTE: 에 is often dropped in spoken Korean. Example sentences 1. 내일 한국에 가요. I will go to Korea tomorrow. 2. 일요일에 친구가 와요. On Sunday a friend will come. 3. 어제 선생님은 여기에 있었어요. The teacher was here yesterday. 4. 월요일에 시험이 없을 거예요. There won t be a test on Monday The months Korean months are just Chinese number + 월. For practice, the number part will be hangul. the months (Jan Dec) What month? 몇월 January 일월 1 월 July 칠월 7 월 February 이월 2 월 August 팔월 8 월 March 삼월 3 월 September 구월 9 월 April 사월 4 월 October 시월 (not 십) 10 월 May 오월 5 월 November 십일월 11 월 June 유월 (not 육) 6 월 December 십이월 12 월

180 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses 167 Example sentences 1. 이월에 중국에 갔어요. 3. 팔월에 비가 많이 왔어요. I went to China in February. It rained a lot in August. 2. 유월에 여기에 없을 거예요. 4. 십이월에 눈이 왔어요. I won t be here in June. It snowed in December Every Monday, every January etc. You can add 매주 (every week) in front of any week day, or 매년 (every year) in front of any month, to say things like every Monday, and every January. Example sentences 1. 매주 금요일에 서울에 가요. I go to Seoul every Friday. 2. 매주 일요일에 교회에 가요. I go to church every Sunday. 3. 매년 삼월에 병원에 가요. I go to the hospital every March. 4. 매년 오월이 더워요. It s hot every May Past tense for 이다 and 아니다 In section 10-1 we introduce past tense. 이다 (it is, I am, he is, she is etc) and 아니다 (it isn t, I am not, he isn t, she isn t etc) can be conjugated into the past tense as shown: Verb Past tense (with 받침) Past tense (without 받침) 이다 이었어요 였어요 아니다 아니었어요 아니었어요 Example Q&A 1. 알마였어요. How much was it? 전 원이었어요. It was 1000 won. 삼만 원이었어요. It was 30,000 won. 2. 언제 였어요? When was it? 토요일이었어요. It was Saturday. 어제가 아니었어요. It wasn t yesterday.

181 168 KoreanFromZero.com 10 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 매일 학교에 가요? Do you go to school everyday? 네, 매일 학교에 가요. Yes, I go to school everyday. 아니요, 매주 월요일에 가요. No, I go to school every Monday. 2. 언제 서울에 와요? When do you come to Seoul? 내일 가요. I ll go tomorrow. 저는 매일 화요일에 서울에 가요. I go to Seoul every Tuesday. 저는 매달 서울에 갈 거예요. I will go to Seoul every month. 3. 어제 날씨가 추웠어요? Was the weather cold yesterday? 네, 추웠어요. Yes, it was cold. 아니요, 더웠어요. No, it was hot.

182 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between schoolmates. A: 내일 학교에 갈 거예요? B: 아니요, 집에 있을 거예요. A: 숙제 있어요? B: 아니요, 없어요. A: Will you go to school tomorrow? B: No, I will be at home. A: Do you have homework? B: No, I don t. 2. Polite conversation between penpals. A: 오늘 미국에 가요? B: 아니요, 내일 갈 거예요. A: 언제 한국에 올 거예요? B: 삼월에 올 거예요. A: Are you going to America today? B: No, I will go tomorrow. A: When will you come to Korea? B: I will come in March. 3. Polite conversation between two people living in different parts of Korea. A: 오늘 추워요? B: 네, 진짜 추워요. A: 목요일은 추워요? B: 아니요, 금요일이 추울 거예요. A: Is today cold? B: Yes, it s really cold. A: Will it be cold on Thursday? B: No, it will be cold on Friday.

183 170 KoreanFromZero.com 10 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: What day of the week is it today? B: It s Sunday. A: Are you going to go to church? (Will you go to church?) B: Yes, I go every Sunday. A: 오늘은 무슨 요일이에요? B: 일요일이에요. A: 교회에 갈 거예요? B: 네, 매주 일요일에 가요. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: Was there a rice cake on the desk? B: No, there wasn t. A: Well then, what was there? B: There were books. A: 책상 위에 떡이 있었어요? B: 아니요, 없었어요. A: 그럼, 뭐가 있었어요? B: 책이 있었어요. 3. Polite conversation between a wife and her husband. A: Did you go to the bank yesterday? B: No, I went on Wednesday. A: When will you go to bookstore? B: I will go tomorrow. A: 어제 은행에 갔어요? B: 아니요, 수요일에 갔어요. A: 언제 서점에 갈 거예요? B: 내일 갈 거예요.

184 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Future, Past, and Present Tenses Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 내일 콜라 두 병을 살 거예요. I will buy 2 bottles of cola tomorrow. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 7: Lesson 8: 제 어머니의 피자는 차가워요. My mother s pizza is cold. 제 어머니는 가방이 없어요. My mother doesn t have a bag. Lesson 9: 콜라 한 병과 물 세 잔을 주세요. 2 bottles of cola and 3 cups of water please.

185 172 KoreanFromZero.com 10 Workbook Area A10-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words in this comprehension: 리키 (Ricky), 가족 (family) 1 리키는 매년 칠월에 멕시코에 가요. 2 멕시코에 친구와 가족이 많아요. 3 리키의 아버지는 멕시코 사람이에요. 4 멕시코는 아주 예뻐요. Dialogue A: 준호 씨 언제 멕시코에 가요? B: 칠월에 갈 거예요. A: 무슨 요일에 갈 거예요? B: 월요일에 갈 거예요. A10-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 준호는 언제 멕시코에 갈 거예요? 2. 리키의 아버지는 어느 나라 사람이에요? 3. 멕시코에 누가 많아요?

186 Korean From Zero! Lesson 10 Workbook Area 173 A10-3. Sentence Jumble Using ONLY the words and particles provided, create Korean sentences that match the English translation. Conjugate verbs and reuse items as needed. 1. 제, 이, 오늘, 오다, 서울, 어제, 절, 가다, 이다, 금요일, 는, 가, 친구, 에, 토요일, 저 My friend will come to Seoul on Friday. I am going to go to a Buddhist temple tomorrow. On Friday and Saturday I went to Seoul. 2. 덥다, 에, 집, 은, 는, 가다, 너무, 이, 가, 십이월, 십일월, 국, 저, 뜨겁다, 제, 의 Will November be hot? (casual) This soup is too hot. I went to my friend s house. 3. 매년, 어머니, 약국, 는, 이, 어렵다, 여기, 제, 가다, 어제, 가, 오다, 숙제, 에, 삼월, 정말 I went to a pharmacy yesterday. My mother comes here every March. This homework was really difficult.

187 174 KoreanFromZero.com A10-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 시험은 언제예요? B: 수요일이에요. A: 지금 성적이 좋아요? B: 아니요 나빠요. A: B: A: B: A10-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: What month did your younger brother go to Australia? B: He went in December. A: Does he go every December? B: Yes, he goes every December and May. A: B: A: B:

188 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time Vocabulary Builder Keep learning new words. As you learn more grammar you will realize that grammar isn t the hard part. You won t get stuck on grammar, but you will easily get stuck on a word you don t know. Group J: things around the house 집안에 있는 것 침대 거울 문 창문 텔레비전 티브이 약 가구 컴퓨터 에어컨 bed mirror door windows television TV medicine furniture computer air conditioning Group K: events 이벤트 생일 파티 생일 파티 선물 여행 결혼식 크리스마스 설날 (설랄) day of birth party birthday party present trip, travel wedding Christmas New Year s Day

189 176 KoreanFromZero.com We hereby bequeath this blank page to you. Do ANYTHING you want with it, UNLESS this is a library book. DO NOT WRITE in the library book!

190 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 177 Lesson 11: Dates and Time Before This Lesson 1. Learn vocabulary groups: J (things around the house) and K (events) Review the future and past tense verb conjugations. Lesson Goals 1. Learn four new action verbs. 2. Learn how to tell time and make dates. From The Teachers 1. This is a numbers heavy lesson since both Chinese and Korean numbers are used to tell time. Make sure you are strong with the numbers. 2. As you learn more action verbs you will BE ABLE to say more everyday actions. One great way to practice your Korean is to say as many things you can in Korean as you do them. For example, I will go to the store. etc. Sure you will look crazy if anyone sees you, but your Korean will improve the more you ACTUALLY speak it. Lesson Highlights Telling time in Korean Next Friday, Last Monday, Next January, This March The event location marker 에서 How to say complete dates in Korean

191 178 KoreanFromZero.com 11 New Words 새로운 단어 지난주 이번 주 다음 주 지난달 이번 달 다음 달 지난해 이번 해 다음 해 비행기표 햄버거 부모님 많이 같이 오늘 밤 어젯밤 싸이 last week this week next week last month this month next month last year this year next next airline ticket hamburger parents a lot together tonight last night PSY (Korean singer) 11 Word Usage 단어 사용법 Other versions of this, last, and next year 지난해 (last year), 이번 해 (this year), and 다음 해 (next year) can be used normally, and are nice because they have the same pattern as the weeks and months. The following versions are more used however, just not as easy to remember. 작년 올해 내년 last year this year next year NOTE: Spaces are NOT needed for 지난해 (last year), 지난달 (last month), and 지난주 (last week).

192 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 많이 (a lot, many) 많이 (pronounced 만이) is the adverb form of 많다 (many, a lot). An adverb modifies the following verb. Put 많이 in front of ANY verb to say I did this a lot. It also shows amount. 많이 (verb) to (verb) a lot many (verbed) Example sentences 1. 친구가 많이 있어요. I have a lot of friends. 2. 한국에 많이 갔어요. I went to Korea a lot. 3. 파티에 친구가 많이 왔어요. Many friends came to the party Doing actions with someone and with words You can add 같이 (together) (pronounced 가치) in front of a verb to say you did something together with someone. 같이 (verb) to do a (verb) together (somebody) 하고 같이 (verb) to do a (verb) together with (someone) There are three ways to say with someone. 1. 와 / 과 You can use the 와 / 과 that you already learned in section 9-4. If the person you are doing something with has a 받침, then use 과 and if not use 와.

193 180 KoreanFromZero.com 2. 하고 You can also use 하고. 하고 never changes regardless of if there is or isn t a 받침. 3. 랑 / 이랑 If the person you are doing something with has a 받침 use 이랑 and if not use 랑. Use the with words to say you did something with someone. Adding 같이 is not required, but it strengthens the sentence. 와 / 과 are typically used in written Korean, and in more formal situations like news reports or talking to your boss. 랑 / 이랑 and 하고 are used in more casual / spoken situations. You can always use 하고 if you don t want to worry about 받침 usage. Example sentences 1. 여동생이랑 같이 갔어요. I went together with my younger sister. 2. 누나하고 영국에 갈 거예요. I will go to England with my older sister. 3. 부모님하고 식당에 갔어요. I went to a restaurant with my parents. 4. 유월에 친구랑 태국에 갈 거예요. I will go to Thailand with a friend in June. 5. 시월에 오빠와 캐나다에 갔어요. I went to Canada with my older brother in October.

194 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 181 SUMMARY: 와/과, 하고, and 랑/이랑 also mean and. In Korean, the three ways to say with can all be used as and. Example sentences 1. 김밥하고 김치가 맜있어요. 4. 사탕하고 바나나가 달아요. Gimbap and kimchi are delicious. Candy and bananas are sweet. 2. 개랑 고양이가 너무 귀여워요. 5. 그 사람이랑 그 사람은 착해요. Dogs and cats are very cute. That person and that person are kind. 3. 조지 씨하고 김민수 씨하고 가게에 같이 갈 거예요. I will go to the store (together) with George and Minsu Kim. Both and and with are used in this sentence. 11 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 사다 사 to buy regular 보다 봐 to see, to watch regular 먹다 먹어 to eat regular 마시다 마셔 to drink regular 11 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 The item being, bought, watched, eaten, or drank is marked with the object marker 을/를. If the item has a 받침 then 을 will be used and 를 when there is not 받침 사다 (to buy) The item being bought is marked with the object marker 을/를. (item) 을/를 사다 to buy an (item)

195 182 KoreanFromZero.com Example sentences 1. 어제 사과를 샀어요. 3. 누가 책을 샀어요? I bought an apple yesterday. Who bought the book? Koreans often drop the object marker. 2. 내일 비행기표를 살 거예요. 4. 멜론 몇 개 살 거예요? I will buy an airline ticket tomorrow. How many melons will you buy? Example conversations 1. A: 이 차는 언제 샀어요? B: 지난주에 샀어요. A: 얼마였어요? B: 이백만 원이었어요. 였어요 is past tense of 이다. It means it was. With a 받침 it would be 이었어요. A: When did you buy this car? B: I bought it last week. A: How much was it? B: It was 2,000,000 won. 2. A: 비행기표를 언제 살 거예요? B: 지난주에 샀어요. A: 비쌌어요? B: 네, 진짜 비쌌어요. Non-specific times such as today don t use time marker 에. However, words such as next week, and last month can use 에. A: When will you buy the airline ticket? B: I bought it last week. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes, it was really expensive 보다 (to see, to watch) The item being watched, is marked with the object marker 을/를. (item) 을/를 보다 to see an (item)

196 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 183 Example sentences 1. 일요일에 영화를 볼 거예요. I will watch a movie on Sunday. 2. 제 고양이를 봤어요? Did you see my cat? 3. 지난주에 한국 사람을 봤어요. I saw a Korean person last week. 4. 아버지하고 매일 텔레비전을 봐요. I watch TV everyday with my father. In Korea you don t take a test you see a test using 보다. 1. 시험을 봤어요. I took a test. 2. 언제 시험을 볼 거예요? When will you take the test? 먹다 (to eat) The item being eaten, is marked with the object marker 을/를. (item) 을/를 먹다 to eat an (item) Example sentences 1. 매일 김밥을 먹어요. I eat gimbap everyday. 2. 어제 사과 세 개 먹었어요. I ate 3 apples yesterday. 3. 제 오빠는 귤을 먹을 거예요. My older brother will eat a tangerine. 4. 월요일에 햄버거를 먹었어요. On Monday I ate a hamburger. In Korean you do not take medicine. You eat it. 1. 약을 먹을 거예요. I will take some medicine. 2. 언제 약을 먹었어요? When did you take your medicine? Soup is also eaten even though it is a liquid. 1. 국을 먹었어요. I ate soup.

197 184 KoreanFromZero.com 마시다 (to drink) The item being drunk, is marked with the object marker 을/를. (item) 을/를 마시다 to drink an (item) Example sentences 1. 매일 차와 커피를 마셔요. I drink tea and coffee everyday. 2. 지난주에 주스를 많이 마셨어요. I drank a lot of juice last week. 3. 지난달에 친구랑 맥주를 많이 마셨어요. I drank a lot of beer with my friend last month. 4. 오늘 밤에 물을 많이 마실 거예요. I will drink a lot of water tonight. 11 Grammar 문법 Telling time in Korean Telling time in Korean is as easy as learning the o clock and the minutes counter. The o clock counter uses Korean numbers and the minutes counter uses Chinese numbers. 몇 시 what time? 몇 분 how many minutes? 한 시 1 o clock 일 분 1 minute 두 시 2 o clock 이 분 2 minutes

198 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 185 세 시 3 o clock 삼 분 3 minutes 네 시 4 o clock 사 분 4 minutes 다섯 시 5 o clock 오 분 5 minutes 여섯 시 6 o clock 육 분 6 minutes 일곱 시 7 o clock 칠 분 7 minutes 여덟 시 8 o clock 팔 분 8 minutes 아홉 시 9 o clock 구 분 9 minutes 열 시 10 o clock 십 분 10 minutes 열한 시 11 o clock 십오 분 15 minutes 열두 시 12 o clock 이십 분 20 minutes Now you just put the two counters together to make a valid time. 여덟 시 오 분 8:05 열 시 삼십 분 10:30 다섯 시 오십 분 5:50 세 시 3:00 You can now use time with the grammar and verbs you already know. Example Q&A 1. 몇 시에 갈 거예요? What time will you go? 두 시 십오 분에 갈 거예요. I will go at 2:15. The time marker 에 is used after the. time 2 questions in one sentence! This girl must be really jealous! 2. 몇 시에 누구하고 먹었어요? At what time, who did you eat with? 열두 시에 여동생하고 같이 먹었어요. I ate at 12 with my younger sister.

199 186 KoreanFromZero.com Half past, a.m. / p.m. 반 means half and you can use it instead of 삼십분 (30 minutes). If you want to denote a.m. and p.m. you use 오전 (before noon) and 오후 (after noon) before the time. 오후 열두 시 사십 분 12:40 p.m 오전 여덟 시 오 분 8:05 a.m. 오전 여섯 시 이십 분 6:20 a.m. 오후 두 시 반 2:30 p.m Next Friday, Last Monday, Next January, This March In order to say next Friday, or last Monday you just say next week Friday or last week Monday. Nothing needs to come in between the words, just line them up. Examples 1. 다음 주 금요일 next Friday (Friday of next week) 2. 이번 주 화요일 this Tuesday (Tuesday of next week) 3. 지난주 월요일 last Monday (Monday of next week) 4. 다음 주 일요일 next Sunday (Sunday of next week) Example sentences 1. 이번 주 토요일에 중국에 갈 거예요. I am going to China this Saturday. 2. 지난주 화요일에 학교에 있었어요. I was in school last Tuesday. 3. 다음 주 월요일에 미국에 갈 거예요. I will go to America next Monday. 4. 다음 주 일요일에 어디에 있을 거예요? Where will you be next Sunday? You can put last year, this year, and next year in front of any month just like the days. Examples 1. 작년 일월 last January (January of last year) 2. 올해 십이월 this December (December of this year) 3. 내년 유월 next June (June of next year) NOTE: 내년 오월 means, May of next year, not the coming May in the same year.

200 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time The event location marker 에서 (and from) When you are saying that you DID something SOMEWHERE then you cannot use the location marker 에. Instead you must use the event location marker 에서 (in, at, on). Example sentences 1. 미국에서 책상을 샀어요. 3. 다음 주 월요일에 미국에 갈 거예요. I bought a desk in America. I will go to America next Monday. 2. 지난주 화요일에 학교에 있었어요. 4. 어디에서 먹었어요? I was in school last Tuesday. Where did you eat at? 이미, 벌써 (already) 이미 and 벌써 are added in front of past tense action verbs to say I already ate. etc. 이미 is used to express that something was done ahead of time. 벌써 is a much stronger word, used when the speaker is surprised that the thing was done. Despite these slightly different nuances of the words, many people interchange them freely regardless of the situation. Example sentences 1. 이미 샀어요. 3. 벌써 먹었어요? I already bought it. You already ate? Here 그 2. 그는 벌써 갔어요. 4. 이 영화를 이미 봤어요. means he. He already went. I already watched this movie How to say years and complete dates in Korean To say years you will just say the full number, such as 2015 or 1998, then add the word 년 (year). Korean doesn t break up the year into two parts like we do in English. For example, they don t say (nineteen eighty). Example sentences 1. 이천십오년 year 천구백팔십년 year 천구백구십사년 year 천구백칠십이년 year 천팔백십이년 year 1812

201 188 KoreanFromZero.com You already know months, so let s look at days of the month. You will just say the Chinese numbers plus the word for day which is 일. the days of the month (월일) what day? 며칠? 일 십육일 1 1 일 일일 일 십칠일 2 2 일 이일 일 십팔일 3 3 일 삼일 일 십구일 4 4 일 사일 일 이십일 5 5 일 오일 일 이십일일 6 6 일 육일 일 이십이일 7 7 일 칠일 일 이십삼일 8 8 일 팔일 일 이십사일 9 9 일 구일 일 이십오일 일 십일 일 이십육일 일 십일일 일 이십칠일 일 십이일 일 이십팔일 일 십삼일 일 이십구일 일 십사일 일 삼십일 일 십오일 일 삼십일일 Complete dates in Korean always in the order of year, month, day of the month. Remember that the order is always from the largest time span to the smallest. Example sentences 1. 이천십사년 이월 십사일 2014, January 년 2 월 14 일 2. 이천이십년 오월 오일 2020, May 년 5 월 5 일 3. 천구백칠십이년 시월 이십구일 1972, October 년 10 월 29 일 4. 이천이년 칠월 십오일 2002, July 년 7 월 15 일

202 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 189 From this point, we will write numbers as they are normally written in Korea, which is, 1,2,3,4 etc. We assume that by now you know the number system. Also it s REALLY tedious to keep typing out the numbers! It s handy to know 태어나다 (to be born) in Korean for the next set of examples. Since you know how to conjugate verbs, you already know how to ask when someone was born. 언제 태어났어요? When were you born? Example sentences 1. 제 생일은 1999 년 3 월 10 일입니다. My birthday is March 10, 저는 1986 년 1 월 8 일에 태어났어요. I was born on January 8, 제 여동생은 1991 년 9 월 14 일에 태어났어요. My younger sister was born on September 14, 싸이 씨의 생일은 1977 년 12 월 31 일입니다. Psy s birthday is December 31, Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 다음 주에 저와 영국에 갈 거예요? Are you going to England with me? 네, 갈 거예요. Yes, I will go. 아니요, 저는 다음 주에 일본에 가요. No, I will go to Japan next week.

203 190 KoreanFromZero.com 2. 비행기표를 벌써 샀어요? Did you already buy an airline ticket? 네, 지난주 월요일에 샀어요. Yes, I bought it last Monday. 아니요, 오늘 살 거예요. No, I will buy it today. 3. 몇 시에 약 먹을 거예요? What time will you take your medicine? 오후 다섯 시 반에 먹을 거예요. I ll take it at 5:30 pm. 이미 먹었어요. I already took it. 11 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between co-workers. A: 몇 시에 부산에 갈 거예요? B: 다섯 시 오십 분에 갈 거예요. 부산 is the second largest city in South Korea. It s located in the South. A: 누구하고 갈 거예요? B: 부모님하고 갈 거예요. A: What time are you going to Busan? B: I will go at 5:15. A: Who are you going with? B: I am going with my parents. 2. Polite conversation between office workers. A: 이 커피 마셨어요? B: 네, 마셨어요. A: 이 커피는 제 것이었어요. B: 죄송해요. 죄송해요 means I m sorry. The verb is 죄송하다. A more polite version is 죄송합니다.

204 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time 191 A: Did you drink this coffee? B: Yes, I did. A: This coffee was mine. B: Sorry. 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: 어제 파티에 누구랑 갔어요? B: 친구랑 갔어요. A: 재미있었어요? B: 네, 아주 재미있었어요. A: Who did you go to the party with yesterday? B: I went with a friend. A: Was it fun? B: Yes, it was very fun. 11 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: Did you watch TV on Wednesday? B: Yes, I watched a lot! A: What did you watch? B: I watched Running Man. 런닝맨 (Running Man) is a popular South Korean variety TV show. A: 수요일에 텔레비전을 봤어요? B: 네, 많이 봤어요. A: 뭐 봤어요? B: 런닝맨 봤어요. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: Did you go to the convenience store yesterday? B: Yes, I did. A: What did you buy? B: I bought some water and bread.

205 192 KoreanFromZero.com A: 어제 편의점에 갔어요? B: 네, 갔어요. A: 뭐 샀어요? B: 물하고 빵을 샀어요. 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: Will you buy a computer next week? B: I already bought it last week. A: How much was it? B: It was 1,750,000 won. A: 다음 주에 컴퓨터 살 거예요? B: 지난주에 이미 샀어요. A: 얼마였어요? B: 백칠십오만 원이었어요.

206 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Dates and Time Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 5 월 5 일에 콜라 두 병을 이미 샀어요. I already bought 2 bottles of cola on May 5th. NOTE: As weird as this completed sentence is, it showcases the new grammar learned in this lesson. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 8: 제 어머니는 가방이 없어요. My mother doesn t have a bag. Lesson 9: 콜라 한 병과 물 세 잔을 주세요. 2 bottles of cola and 3 cups of water please. Lesson 10: 내일 콜라 두 병을 살 거예요. I will buy 2 bottles of cola tomorrow.

207 194 KoreanFromZero.com 11 Workbook Area A11-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 생일 선물 (birthday present) 1 이번 주 목요일은 준호의 생일이에요. 2 준호의 생일은 1 월 4 일이에요. 3 올해 스물네살이에요. 4 저 컴퓨터는 준호의 생일 선물이에요. Dialogue A: 준호 씨의 생일이 언제예요? B: 이번 주 목요일이에요. A: 생일 파티에 갈 거예요? B: 네, 누나랑 갈 거예요. A11-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 준호는 몇 살이에요? 2. 준호의 생일 선물은 침대예요? 3. 준호의 생일은 금요일이에요?

208 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Workbook Area 195 A11-3. Date challenge Write the complete date using only 한글

209 196 KoreanFromZero.com A11-4. Time challenge Write the complete time using only 한글

210 Korean From Zero! Lesson 11 Workbook Area 197 A11-5. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 설날에 뭐를 먹었어요? B: 떡을 먹었어요. A: 맛있었어요? B: 아니요. 진짜 맛없었어요. A: B: A: B: A11-6. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: Are you coming to my wedding ceremony next month? B: Yes, I will go with my girlfriend. What day of the month is it? A: It s the 15th at 3 pm. B: I will eat a lot at the wedding ceremony. A: B: A: B:

211 198 KoreanFromZero.com NOTE: We ran out of space in the beginning of Lesson 11. Please excuse the location of these very important phrases. 11 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 어때요? How is it? 2. 어땠어요? How was it? Both of these phrases are very commonly asked in Korea. We will use them in lesson 12 and beyond to ask how something is or was. 11 Vocabulary Builder Group L: times of the day 시간대 아침 오전 오후 점심 저녁 늦은 밤 새벽 morning before noon, AM afternoon, PM afternoon, lunch evening late night dawn Group M: school words 학교의 단어 과학 수업 교실 역사 수학 문학 생물 science class classroom history math literature biology

212 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 199 Lesson 12: Descriptive verbs part II 12 Before This Lesson 1. Review the BASIC form taught in section 6-4. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to use descriptive verbs to directly modify nouns. 2. Learn how to do basic comparisons of objects and people. From The Teachers 1. NOTE! The New Phrases section of Lesson 11 is on the PRIOR page as we ran out of space! Lesson Highlights 다르다, 같다, 비슷하다 Directly modifying with descriptive verbs The inclusion marker 도 (also, too) 2. Using descriptive verbs to modify is a very powerful grammar structure. Learn this well and your Korean will dramatically improve.

213 200 KoreanFromZero.com 12 New Words 새로운 단어 아마 핸드폰 돈 콘서트 길 가족 장소 maybe, probably cell phone money concert road, street family place 12 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 Verb Basic English Type 시끄럽다 시끄러워 to be loud ㅂ irregular 조용하다 조용해 to be quiet 하다 길다 길어 to be long regular 짧다 짧아 to be short regular 다르다 달라 to be different 르 irregular 같다 같아 to be the same regular 비슷하다 비슷해 to be similar 하다 필요하다 필요해 to need 하다 필요없다 필요없어 to not need regular 가깝다 가까워 to be close ㅂ irregular 멀다 멀어 to be far regular 12 Descriptive Verb Usage 형용사 사용법 시끄럽다 (to be loud) 시끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular verb. It conjugates like the other ㅂ irregulars taught in section 7-1. The item, place, or person that is loud is marked with a topic or subject marker.

214 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 201 Example sentences 1. 미국 사람은 시끄러워요. 3. 아마 이 영화는 시끄러울 거예요. Americans are loud. This movie will probably get loud. 2. 어제 이 방은 시끄러웠어요. 4. 시끄러워! This room was loud yesterday. You re loud! In the casual form this can be translated as Shut Up! 조용하다 (to be quiet) 조용하다 is a 하다 verb, so to make the BASIC form, you just change the 하 to a 해. The item, place, or person that is quiet is marked with a topic or subject marker. Example sentences 1. 여기가 아주 조용해요. It s very quiet here. 2. 제 동생이 진짜 조용해요. My siblings are really quiet 시에 이 장소가 조용할 거예요. At 3 o clock this place will be quiet. 4. 어제 이 방은 조용했어요. Yesterday, this room was quiet 길다 (to be long), 짧다 (to be short) The item that is long or short is marked with the subject marker 이/가 or topic marker 은/는. NOTE: 짧다 ends with a ㅂ (비읍) but it is not ㅂ irregular. This short is not for height. basic form basic form Example sentences 1. 이 길은 너무 길어요. This road is very long. 2. 제 여자친구의 머리가 길어요. My girlfriend s hair is long. 3. 이 영화는 너무 짧아요. This movie is too short. 4. 당신의 다리가 짧아요. Your legs are short.

215 202 KoreanFromZero.com 다르다 (different), 같다 (same), 비슷하다 (similar) 다르다, 같다, and 비슷하다 are used to compare one or more items. The item being compared is marked with any of the three and markers, 와/과, 하고, 랑/이랑. NOTE 1: 다르다 is a 르 irregular verb. The BASIC form is 달라. Review section 9-2 to understand how to create the BASIC form for 르 irregulars. NOTE 2: 비슷하다 is pronounced 비스타다. BASIC form is pronounced 비스태. 1. 영어는 한국어와 달라요. English is different from Korean. 2. 여자랑 남자는 달라요. Woman and men are different. 3. 이것하고 달라요. It s different than this. 1. 이것은 그것과 같아요. This and that are the same. 2. 제 차랑 제 누나 차는 같아요. My car and my older sister s car are the same. 3. 어제와 같아요. It s the same as yesterday. 1. 일본어는 한국어하고 비슷해요. Japanese and Korean are similar. 2. 제 어머니하고 아버지는 비슷해요. My mother and father are similar. 3. 커피랑 비슷해요. It s similar to coffee.

216 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 203 Example conversation 1. A: 영화는 어땠어요? A: How was the movie? B: 책과 달랐어요. B: It was different from the book. 2. A: 핸드폰 어때요? A: How is the cell phone? B: 컴퓨터하고 비슷해요. B: It s similar to a computer. 3. A: 생일 파티는 어땠어요? A: How was the birthday party? B: 크리스마스 파티랑 같았어요. B: It was the same as the xmas party 필요하다 (to need), 필요없다 (to not need) The thing that is needed or not needed is marked with subject marker 이/가 or when stressing 은/는 topic marker. Example sentences 은 stresses that medicine was not needed today as opposed to other days. 1. 돈이 필요해요. 3. 오늘은 약이 필요없었어요. I need money. Today I didn t need medicine. 2. 작년에 진짜 돈이 필요했어요. 4. 시간이 필요해요. I really needed money last year. I need time 가깝다 (to be close), 멀다 (to be far) 가깝다 and 멀다 are used to describe distances. 가깝다 is a ㅂ (비읍) irregular. Another usage of the 에서 marker is to mean to and from a place only (not people or animals). (place) 에서 가깝다 close to (place) (place) 에서 멀다 far from (place) Example sentences 1. 집이 가까워요? Is your house close? 2. 학교가 우리 집에서 가까워요. School is close to my house. 3. 집에서 회사가 멀어요. It s far from my house to my work. 4. 병원이 공항에서 멀어요. The hospital is far from the airport. 에서 works with any place. It is commonly used with this style conversation. A: 어디에서 왔어요? Where are you from? (From where did you come?) B: 미국에서 왔어요. I am from America. (I came from America.)

217 204 KoreanFromZero.com 12 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 하다 해 to do 하다 좋아하다 좋아해 to like 하다 싫어하다 싫어해 to dislike 하다 사랑하다 사랑해 to love 하다 공부하다 공부해 to study 하다 12 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 하다 (to do) This is the king of all verbs. A huge percentage of all Korean verbs are 하다 verbs. 하다 verbs can be descriptive or actions verbs. All by itself 하다 means, to do. The thing you are doing is marked with the object marker 을/를. (thing) 을/를 하다 to do a (thing) Example sentences 1. 오늘 뭐해요? What are you doing today? 뭐해? is a common way to ask What are you doing or What will you do? 2. 지금 숙제를 해요. I am doing my homework now 좋아하다 (to like), 싫어하다 (to dislike), 사랑하다 (to love) The person, thing, place that you like, dislike, or love, is marked with the object marker 을/를. (person, thing, place) 을/를 좋아하다 to like (person, thing, place)

218 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 205 Example sentences 1. 제가 진짜 한국어를 좋아해요. 4. 야채를 싫어해요. I really like Korean (language). I dislike vegetables. 2. 제 부모님을 사랑해요. 5. 너를 정말 사랑했어. I love my parents. I really loved you. 3. 고양이하고 개를 너무 좋아해요. 6. 선생님은 월요일을 싫어해요. I really like cats and dogs. Teacher dislikes Monday 공부하다 (to study) The thing being studied is marked with 을/를 object marker. The place where you study is marked with the event location marker 에서. (place) 에서 (thing)을/를 공부하다 to study a (thing) at a (place) Example sentences 1. 저는 매일 한국어를 공부해요. 2. 학교에서 일본어를 공부하지 않았어요. I study Korean everyday. I didn t study Japanese in school. 12 Grammar 문법 Directly modifying with descriptive verbs In order to use a descriptive verb to directly modify, you must add ㄴ/은, or in the case of ㅂ irregulars, 운 to the stem. NOTE: 르 irregulars act like regular verbs when modifying. An additional ㄹ is not added.

219 206 KoreanFromZero.com Example sentences 1. 싼 핸드폰을 싫어해요. I dislike cheap cell phones. 2. 이 가게에 비싼 것이 많아요. There are a lot of expensive things at this store. 것 means thing (section 7-6) 3. 저는 빠른 차를 좋아해요. I like fast cars. Example sentences 1. 우리 학교에 좋은 사람이 많아요. There are a lot of good people at our school. 2. 많은 사람은 만화책을 좋아해요. Many people like comic books. 3. 그 가게에는 작은 의자가 많아요. That store has many small chair. Example sentences 1. 어제 조용한 장소에 있었어요. Yesterday, I was in a quiet place. 2. 착한 여자친구가 필요해요. I need a kind girlfriend.

220 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II Directly modifying with ㅂ irregular descriptive verbs ㅂ irregular, since they are irregular, are converted a bit differently than other descriptive verbs. Instead of converting ㅂ into 워, it s converted into 운 to make the direct modifier. Example sentences 1. 뜨거운 국은 너무 맜있어요. Hot soup is very delicious. Don t make the common mistake of using 은. You must use 운 for ㅂ irregulars. 2. 저는 매운 음식을 좋아해요. I like spicy food. 3. 제 아버지는 차가운 커피를 진짜 싫어해요. My father really dislikes cold coffee. 4. 쉬운 시험을 좋아해요. I like easy tests Special case direct modifiers Any time the stem of a descriptive verb ends with a ㄹ (리을) 받침, then the ㄹ is just changed to a ㄴ (니은). We will officially learn 길다 (to be long) in the next lesson but it s used here to show the pattern. Example sentences 1. 저는 단 차를 정말 싫어해요. I really dislike sweet tea. Remember 차 can mean tea and car 2. 긴 머리의 여자를 좋아해요. I like long haired girls.

221 208 KoreanFromZero.com Another special case is when the descriptive verb ends with 있다 or 없다. With these types you simply add 는 to the stem. Example sentences 1. 제 친구의 학교에 재미있는 선생님이 많아요. There are a lot of interesting teachers at my friend s school. 2. 저 식당에 맛없는 음식이 많았어요. There was a lot of tasteless food at that restaurant over there. Here 저 does not mean I because it s directly in front of a noun. Only descriptive verbs can be used to directly modify using the patterns taught above. In Korean From Zero! book 2 modifying with action verbs will be introduced The inclusion marker 도 (also, too) The marker 도 means too or also. When it s used, it replaces or is added to marker. Example conversation 1. A: 내년에 한국에 갈 거예요. Next year I am going to Korea. B: 진짜요?! 저도 갈 거예요. Really?! I am going too. 2. A: 햄버거 주세요. 콜라도 주세요. A hamburger please. A coke also. B: 알겠습니다. Understood.

222 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 209 Example conversation 1. A: 다음 주에 영국에 갈 거예요. 독일에도 갈 거예요. B: 프랑스에도 갈 거예요? A: 네. 갈 거예요. A: Next week I will go to England. I will go to Germany also. B: Will you go to France also? A: Yes. I will go 것 (thing, stuff) We first introduced 것 in section 7-6. However, we haven t done much else with it. This grammar point is specifically just to remind you that 것 means thing. The thing can be physical like a book or non-physical like an idea. Example sentences 1. 이 가게에는 재미있는 것이 많아요. There are many interesting things in this store. 에는 stresses in THIS store. 2. 저는 매운 것을 매일 먹어요. I eat spicy things everyday. 3. 이 식당에 다른 것이 있어요? Are there other things at this restaurant? 다른 means different but is better translated as other. 4. 이 책하고 그 책이 같은 것이에요. This book and that book are the same thing. 5. 제 가족은 단 것을 좋아해요. Many people like sweet things. 6. 필요한 것이 있어요? Is there anything you need? Here it sounds better to translate 것 as anything.

223 210 KoreanFromZero.com 12 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 어제 싸이의 콘서트는 어땠어요? How was PSY s concert yesterday? 정말 재미있었어요. It was really fun. 너무 시끄러웠어요. It was too loud. 소녀시대의 콘서트와 비슷했어요. It was similar to Girl s Generation s concert. 소녀시대 (Girl s Generation) is a popular South Korean girl pop group. 2. 파티에 맛있는 것이 있었어요? Was there anything delicious at the party? 케이크가 정말 맛있었어요. The cake was really delicious. 단 것이 많았어요. There were a lot of sweet things. 맥주가 맛있었어요. 너무 많이 마셨어요! The beer was delicious. I drank way too much. 너무 by itself means too or very, but in combination with 많이 means excessively or too much. 3. 한국어 많이 공부했어요? Did you study Korean a lot? 네, 이미 많이 했어요. Yes, I already did a lot. 아니요, 저녁에 공부 할 거예요. No, I am going to study Korean in the evening. 4. 아침에 뭐 먹었어요? What did you eat in the morning? 물 마셨어요. I drank some water.

224 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 211 단 빵하고 차가운 우유하고 떡을 먹었어요. I ate sweet bread, cold milk, and rice cakes. 매운 것을 먹었어요. 차가운 커피도 마셨어요. I ate some spicy things. I drank some cold coffee too. 12 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation at an electronics store. A: 컴퓨터 필요해요? B: 아니요, 필요 없어요. 저는 이미 삼성 컴퓨터가 있어요. A: 그럼.. 뭐가 필요해요? B: 저는 큰 텔레비전이 필요해요. A: Do you need a computer? B: No, I don t need one. I already have a Samsung computer. A: Well then.. what do you need? B: I need a big television. 2. Polite conversation between friends at the office. A: 책상 위에 과일이 많이 있어요. 먹을 거예요? B: 네, 먹을 거예요. 맛있어요? A 귤하고 바나나는 정말 달아요. B: 그럼, 바나나를 주세요. A: There is a lot of fruit on the desk. Are you going to eat them? B: Yes, I ll eat them. Are they delicious? A: The tangerines and bananas are really sweet. B: Ok then, give me the bananas. 흠 is the Korean way to say hmmm. 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: 저는 다음 주에 파리에 가요. 필요한 것이 있어요? B: 흠... 저는 프랑스 책이 필요해요. 저는 다음 달에 프랑스어를 공부할 거예요. A: 프랑스어는 쉬워요? B: 아니요, 정말 어려워요. 프랑스어는 한국어와 많이 달라요.

225 212 KoreanFromZero.com A: I am going to Paris next Tuesday. Is there anything you need? B: Hmm.. I need a French book. I will study French next month. A: Is French easy? B: No, it s really difficult. It s very different from Korean. 12 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends planning to go to a party. A: My older sister needs a boyfriend. B: Maybe there will be a nice man at the party. What time are you going? A: I will go at 5 o clock. Who will you go with? B: I ll go with my older sister and a friend. A: 제 누나는 남자친구가 필요해요. B: 아마 파티에 좋은 남자가 있을 거예요. 몇 시에 갈 거예요? A: 5 시에 갈 거예요. 누구랑 갈 거예요? B: 누나하고 친구랑 갈 거예요. 2. Polite conversation at a real estate office. A: Is this apartment the same as that apartment over there? B: No, they are different apartments. A From here, are schools close? From location marker is 에서. Also as B: No, it s really far from the school. long as the markers remain with their words they can be moved around like A: 이 아파트는 저 아파트와 같아요? 학교 is in this sentence. B: 아니요, 다른 아파트예요. A: 여기에서 학교는 가까워요? B: 아니요, 정말 멀어요. 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: What did you do yesterday? B: I went to the hospital. I needed medicine. A: Are you okay now? B: Yes, I am okay. I need some hot water and a quiet place.

226 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Descriptive verbs part II 213 A: 어제 뭐 했어요? B: 병원에 갔어요. 약이 필요했어요. A: 지금은 괜찮아요? B: 네, 괜찮아요. 저는 뜨거운 물과 조용한 장소가 필요해요. 12 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 친구가 저하고 다른 핸드폰을 샀어요. My friend bought a different cell phone than me. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 9: 콜라 한 병과 물 세 잔을 주세요. 2 bottles of cola and 3 cups of water please. Lesson 10: 내일 콜라 두 병을 살 거예요. I will buy 2 bottles of cola tomorrow. Lesson 11: 5 월 5 일에 콜라 두 병을 이미 샀어요. I already bought 2 bottles of cola on May 5th.

227 214 KoreanFromZero.com 12 Workbook Area A12-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 새롭다 (to be new, ㅂ irregular) 1 김준호 씨는 새로운 가구가 필요해요. 2 돈이 많이 없어요. 3 가게에는 싼 가구가 많이 있어요. 4 김준호 씨는 비싼 가구를 싫어해요. Dialogue A: 언제 큰 침대를 살 거예요? B: 몰라요. 저는 지금 돈이 없어요. A: 저 가게에 싼 가구가 많이 있을 거예요. B: 지금 갈 거예요? A: 아니요. 저는 오늘 수업이 있어요. A12-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 김준호 씨는 에어컨이 필요해요? 2. 가게에는 싼 가구가 없어요? 3. 김준호 씨는 오늘 가게에 갔어요?

228 Korean From Zero! Lesson 12 Workbook Area 215 A12-3. Fill in the blank Write in the appropriate Korean words to match the English sentence. 1. 1에는 2음식이 많이 3요. There is a lot of spicy food in Korea 저1 2친구가 3해요. I need a quiet friend 은 2 3요. Fruit is too expensive 사람2 미국 사람은 너무 3요. Chinese people and Americans are too loud 제 1은 2 고양이를 3해요. My younger sister likes cute cats 내 1는 2요. My legs are short 는 공항2 3요. The school is far from the airport

229 216 KoreanFromZero.com 8. 제 1친구는 2요. My boyfriend is kind 제 1은 단 2을 3해요. My parents dislike sweet things 거울 1에 2 가방이 있어3. There is a big bag behind the mirror Vocabulary Builder Group N: more foods 더 많은 음식 삼각김밥 불고기 갈비 닭갈비 치킨 포도 수박 배 치즈 triangle-shaped gimbap roast meat (fire meat) ribs chicken ribs chicken grapes watermelon pear cheese

230 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving 217 Lesson 13: Giving and Receiving Before This Lesson 1. Review the verb 보다 (to see). Learn its various conjugations. Lesson Goals 1. To learn how the giving and receiving verbs work and how to use the associated new particles. From The Teachers 1. Pay special attention to the Special Information sections. 13 Lesson Highlights 받다 (to receive) 주다 (to give) The giving markers 한테, 에게 Trying to do something

231 218 KoreanFromZero.com 13 New Words 새로운 단어 전화 전화번호 꽃 거짓말 그냥 빨리 미팅 phone, phone call phone number flowers a lie just; just because quickly; hurry up meeting 13 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 받다 받아 to receive, to get regular 주다 줘 to give regular 전화하다 전화해 to phone 하다 알다 알아 to know regular 모르다 몰라 to not know 르 irregular 13 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 받다 (to receive, to get) The item being received is marked with the object marker 을/를. 받다 is a regular verb, and since the vowel in the stem is ㅏ the BASIC form is 받아. (item) 을/를 받다 to receive (item) Example sentences 1. 크리스마스에 선물을 많이 받을 거예요. I will get many presents on Christmas. 2. 꽃을 받았어요. I received flowers. 3. 내일 돈을 받아요. I will get money tomorrow. 4. 사탕 두개를 받았어요. I received 2 pieces of candy.

232 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving 주다 (to give) The item being received is marked with the object marker 을/를. 주다 is a regular action verb, and since the vowel in the stem is ㅜ the BASIC form is 줘. 주다 is the verb used to create 주세요 taught in section 9-5. 주다 is used in some form or other in many other patterns. In this lesson, we use 주다 simply to mean give, gave etc. Example sentences 1. 크리스마스에 선물을 많이 줄 거예요. I will give many presents on Christmas. 2. 책를 줬어요. I gave a book. 3. 돈을 줬어요. I gave money. 4. 사탕 두 개 줬어요. I gave 2 pieces of candy 전화하다 (to make a phone call) 전화하다 is only making a phone call and not receiving one. Example sentences 1. 전화했어요. I called. 2. 내일 전화할 거예요. I will call tomorrow. 3. 지금 전화해요. I am calling now. To get a phone call can be 받다 (to receive) or 오다 (to come). To answer the phone is 받다 (to receive) but never 대답하다 (to answer). Example sentences 1. 전화를 받았어요. I answered the phone. 2. 전화가 왔어요. A phone call came. 3. 전화를 받을 거예요. I will answer the phone.

233 220 KoreanFromZero.com 알다 (to know) The item that is known is marked with 을/를. Previously we learned the polite version of 알다 in as the phrase 알겠습니다. The casual form of that phrase is 알았어. 알았어 is past tense because you have understood new information that you previously didn t know. Example sentences 1. 알아요. I know. 2. 알았어요. I have understood. / Got it. / Okay. 3. 선생님의 이름을 알아요? Do you know teacher s name? 4. 수업 시간을 알아요? Do you know the time of the class? 모르다 (to not know) 모르다 is a 르 irregular verb. The pattern to make the BASIC form is as follows. We have previously learned 몰다 as the phrase 몰라요 (I don t know). Now we can conjugate for more variety of usage. Example sentences 1. 몰라요. I don t know. 2. 몰랐어요. I didn t know. 3. 선생님의 이름을 몰랐어요. I didn t know teacher s name. 4. 그 사람을 몰라요. I don t know that person. More grammar is required to fully use 알다 and 모르다. The next book in this series will cover phrases like I don t know who is coming., and I know where to go. etc. Also, remember that 알다 and 모르다, although companion verbs, they are NOT the same type. No matter how much you want to, you can t say 알라 and 몰라 or 알아 and 몰아 since they conjugate differently. * 알아 and 몰라 are correct.

234 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving Grammar 문법 The giving markers 한테, 에게 When giving something to someone you mark the person you are giving the item to with 한테 or 에게. 에게 is more for written conversations. 한테 is best when speaking. Example sentences 1. 친구한테 돈을 줬어요. I gave money to a friend. 2. 남자친구한테 떡을 줄 거예요. I will give rice cakes to my boyfriend. 3. 제 아버지에게 선물을 줬어요. I gave a present to my father. 4. 선생님에게 사과를 줬어요. I gave an apple to my teacher The receiving markers 한테서, 에게서 When receiving something from someone you mark the person you are receiving from with 한테서 or 에게서. 에게서 is more for written Korean. 한테서 is best when speaking. NOTE: In conversation you might hear Koreans drop the 서 from 한테서 and 에게서. In this book we do not drop the 서 to avoid confusion. Example sentences 1. 친구한테서 돈을 받았어요. I received money from a friend. 2. 남자친구한테서 떡을 받을 거예요. I will get rice cakes from my boyfriend. 3. 제 아버지에게서 선물을 받았어요. I received a present from my father. 4. 선생님에게서 사과를 받았어요. I received an apple from my teacher. 5. 친구한테서 전화 받았어요. I got a phone call from my teacher Trying to do something BASIC +보다 You can combine any verb with 보다 (to see) to make try and do verb combinations.

235 222 KoreanFromZero.com With this pattern it s MUCH easier to consider the new combined verb as a NEW verb. Then you can conjugate it into all of its various forms as you which. The good news is you already know how to conjugate 보다 (to see) from lesson 11. Example sentences (future tense) 1. 먹어 볼 거예요. I will try to eat it. 2. 가 볼 거예요. I will try to go. 3. 마셔 볼 거예요. I will try to drink it. 4. 해 볼 거예요. I will try to do it. 5. 와 볼 거예요. I will try to come. Example sentences (past tense) 1. 먹어 봤어요. I tried to eat it. 2. 가 봤어요. I tried to go. 3. 마셔 봤어요. I tried to drink it. 4. 해 봤어요. I tried to do it. 5. 와 봤어요. I tried to come. Koreans often use the BASIC + past tense of 보다 to say Have you ~. Example sentences 1. 일본에 가 봤어요? Have you gone to Japan? 2. 김밥을 먹어 봤어요? Have you eaten gimbap? 3. 역사를 공부해 봤어요? Have you studied history? Example Q&A 1. 한국에서 뭐를 먹어 봤어요? In Korea what have you eaten? 치즈 닭갈비하고 김밥을 먹어 봤어요. I have eaten cheese chicken ribs and gimbap. 치즈 닭갈비 is quite tasty, we recommend you try it! 배랑 수박이랑 치킨을 먹어 봤어요. I have eaten pears, watermelons, and chicken.

236 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving Command form using BASIC form The BASIC form of any verb without 요 on the end can be very rude. With friends it s just casual, but be very careful to not drop the 요. If the 요 is missing, you might be considered rude, especially when speaking to elders. Example sentences 1. 먹어! Eat! 2. 가! Go! 3. 마셔! Drink! 4. 해 봐! Try to do it! 5. 와! Come! 6. 사! Buy it! 7. 먹어 봐! Try to eat it! Adding the 요 makes everyone of the sentences above polite enough to use with everyday people. NOTE: If an elder says this form to you, it is not necessarily rude, but just casual. SUMMARY: If you want to be safe add 요 Quick rules for casual Korean Here are some simple ways you can speak casual (반말). Dropping markers is okay too! 1. 이에요 / 예요 becomes 이야 / 야. 1. 미국 사람이야. I m American. 2. 어디야? Where is it? 3. 누구야? Who are you? 2. 아니에요 becomes 아니야. (이/가 marker can be dropped) 1. 고양이 아니야. It s not a cat. 2. 미국 사람 아니야. I m not American. 3. 아니야! It s not! 3. 요 is dropped after verbs. 1. 많이 먹었어. I ate a lot. 2. 언제 와? When are you coming? 3. 숙제 했어? Did you do your homework? 4. 너 사랑해. I love you. 5. 뭐해? What s up?

237 224 KoreanFromZero.com 4. 거예요 becomes 거야 1. 돈 줄 거야. I ll give you some money. 2. 내일 갈 거야? Are you going tomorrow? 3. 내 파티 올 거야? Are you coming to my party? 5. Use BASIC form as a command (learn the polite way in section 15-8) 1. 빨리해! Do it quickly! 2. 그냥 마셔. Just drink it. 3. 먹어 봐. Try and eat it. 4. 와. Come. 6. 것 becomes 거 1. 이거 뭐야? What s this? 2. 이거 누구 거야? Whose is this? 3. 그거 너무 재미있어. That s very interesting. 7. Use casual versions of words 1. 응 yeah, yes 2. 아니 no 3. 흠 hmm, well 4. 야! hey! (rude)

238 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 준호의 전화를 받았어요? Did you receive Junho s phone call? 네, 받았어요. 준호는 저에게 새벽에 전화했어요. Yes, I got it. He called me at dawn. 네, 받았어요. 준호에게 제 전화번호를 줬어요? Yes, I got it. Did you give Junho my phone number? 2. 부모님한테서 뭐 받았어요? What did you receive from your parents? 저에게 정말 큰 티비를 줬어요. They gave me a really big TV. 티비 is short for television. 많은 돈을 받았어요. I received a lot of money. Admit it you are jealous! 선물요? 부모님한테서 맛있는 떡을 받았어요. A present? I received delicious rice cakes from my parents. 3. 이것을 먹어 봤어요? Did you try to eat this? You can just add 요 after a noun in place of 이에요. 네, 먹어 봤어요. 정말 매웠어요. Yes, I tried it. It was really spicy. 네. 먹어 봤어요? 맛없어요. Yes. Did you try it? It s tasteless. 4. 영어 공부해 볼 거예요? Are you going to try to study English? 네, 할 거예요. 친구한테서 영어 책을 받았어요. Yes, I will. I received an English language book from my friend. 저는 작년에 영어 공부를 해 봤어요. I tried to study Korean last year.

239 226 KoreanFromZero.com 13 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: 생일에 선물 많이 받았어요? B: 네, 많이 받았어요. 꽃도 받았어요. A: 누가 꽃을 줬어요? B: 남자친구가 줬어요. A: Did you get a lot of gifts on your birthday? B: Yes, I got a lot. I also got flowers. A: Who gave you the flowers? B: My boyfriend gave it to me. 2. Casual conversation between mother and son. A: 약 먹었어? B: 응, 먹었어. Remember take for medicine is 먹다. A 거짓말. 지금 먹어. B: 약 싫어! A: 그냥 먹어! A: Did you take your medicine? B: Yeah I did. A: That s a lie. Take it now. B: I hate medicine! A: Just take it! With enough emotion 싫어 means hate instead of dislike. 3. Casual conversation between friends. A: 준호 생일 선물 살 거야? B: 응, 오늘 살 거야. 선물 샀어? A: 응, 이미 샀어. 저 가게에 귀여운 거 많이 있어. 가 봐. B: 고마워. A: Are you gonna buy Junho s birthday gift? B: Yes, I ll buy it today. Did you buy a gift? A: Yes, I already did. There are a lot of cute things in that store over there. Try going. B: Thanks.

240 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: Did you call to your parents? B: Yes, I did. They are coming here tomorrow. A: Tomorrow? You have a meeting with me tomorrow! B: Oh, I didn t know. A: 부모님한테 전화했어요? B: 네, 했어요. 부모님이 여기에 내일 올 거예요. A: 내일요? 내일 저랑 미팅 있어요! B: 아, 몰랐어요. 2. Polite conversation at the office. A: Did you drink this coffee? B: Yes. Whose is it? A: It s mine. I got it from George. B: I am sorry. A: 이 커피 마셨어요? B: 네. 누구 것이에요? A: 제 것이에요. 조지한테서 받았어요. B: 미안해요. This is a common way to say sorry. 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: Did you try going to that restaurant? B: Yes, I did. That place was too loud. I don t like it. A: Really? I like there. I ate many delicious rice cakes there. A: 그 레스토랑에 가 봤어요? B: 네, 가 봤어요. 그 장소는 너무 시끄러웠어요. 싫어요. A: 정말요? 저는 좋아해요. 거기에서 맛있는 떡을 많이 먹었어요.

241 228 KoreanFromZero.com 13 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받았어요. My friend received a different cell phone from his mother. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 10: 내일 콜라 두 병을 살 거예요. I will buy 2 bottles of cola tomorrow. Lesson 11: 5 월 5 일에 콜라 두 병을 이미 샀어요. I already bought 2 bottles of cola on May 5th. Lesson 12: 제 친구가 저하고 다른 핸드폰을 샀어요. My friend bought a different cell phone than me.

242 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving Workbook Area A13-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. 1 남동생이 저에게 전화했어요. 2 저는 수업이 있었어요. 3 지금은 오후 4 시예요. 4 8 시에 미팅이 있어요. Dialogue A: 전화했어? 수업이 있었어. B: 나 너의 학교에 일곱 시 반에 갈 거야. 나랑 같이 밥 먹을 거야? A: 아니. 나 여덟 시에 미팅이 있어. B: 알았어. 전화해. A13-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 미팅은 몇 시에 있어요? 2. 지금은 7 시 30 분이에요? 3. 누가 전화했어요?

243 230 KoreanFromZero.com A13-3. Fill in the blank Write in the appropriate Korean words to match the English sentence. 1. 1은 여자친구2 꽃을 3요. My younger brother gave flowers to his girlfriend 저는 저의 선생님1 생일 2을 3요. I received a birthday gift from my teacher 에 너2 3했어. I called you in the morning 리키씨가 1에 나2 기린을 3요. Ricky gave me a giraffe last week. (Where do these guys live???) 것을 먹어 2 거예요. I will try to eat spicy things Buy it. * * use only one hangul! 맥주2 3 볼 거예요? Will you try to drink this beer? 1 2 3

244 Korean From Zero! Lesson 13 Giving and Receiving 제 여자1가 저2 돈을 3 줬어요. My girlfriend gave me money a lot 저는 1 조지2 책을3 거예요. I will receive a book from George tomorrow 저는 1 2를 먹어 3요. I already tried that meat A13-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 다음 주에 누나랑 런던에 가요. B: 비행기표 이미 샀어요? A: 아니요, 부모님이 어제 돈을 줬어요. 오늘 살 거예요. A: B: A:

245 232 KoreanFromZero.com 13 Doodle Area Use this area to draw something awesome. Seriously! Or maybe write some uber complicated sentences. Or maybe play tic tac toe with a Korean friend you just met. Awesome drawing area! Complicated sentences I made! K: E: K: E: K: E: K: E: Tic Tac Toe with my Korean friends!

246 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense 233 Lesson 14: Negative tense Before This Lesson 1. Know how to make past tense and future tense verbs. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to create the negative tense of verbs and then conjugate into the past and future tenses. From The Teachers 1. In this lesson we learn the long awaited negative tense. Since there is past negative, future negative and, present negative, you will actually be learning three new tenses. This might seem overwhelming, but it isn t if you consider you are simply building off of the original negative verb. 14 Lesson Highlights Making negative verbs with 지 않다 Shall I? Shall we? ~(으)ㄹ 까 Let s ~자, (으)ㅂ시다

247 234 KoreanFromZero.com 14 New Words 새로운 단어 일 회사 시간 날 공원 호텔 식사 아침밥 (밥 can be removed) 점심밥 (밥 can be removed) 저녁밥 (밥 can be removed) work company time, hour day park hotel meal breakfast lunch dinner 14 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 일하다 일해 to work 하다 쉬다 쉬어 to take a break, rest regular 도착하다 도착해 to arrive 하다 출발하다 출발해 to depart 하다 14 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 Making negative verbs with 지 않다 Any verb can be made into its negative form by adding 지 않다 to its stem.

248 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense 235 It s VERY important to treat the 지 않다 verb as a NEW verb. If you treat it as a new verb, then you automatically know how to make all the tenses you already know. For example, let s conjugate the new verb 가지 않다 (to not go). The pronunciation of the 않아 is 아나. Example conjugations (가지 않다) 1. 내일 가지 않아요. (simple future / BASIC) I won t go tomorrow. 2. 학교에 가지 않아요. (simple present / BASIC) I don t go to school. 3. 가지 않을 거예요. (future) I won t go. 4. 가지 않았어요. (past) I didn t go. It doesn t matter if the verb is a descriptive, action, ㅂ irregular, 하다, or even 르 irregular verb. The pattern to make the negative verb is always just (STEM + 지 않다). Let s look at a negative descriptive verb conjugation. Example conjugations (춥지 않다) 1. 내일 춥지 않아요. (simple future / BASIC) It won t be cold tomorrow. 2. 지금 춥지 않아요. (simple present / BASIC) It s not cold now. 3. 춥지 않을 거예요. (future) It won t be cold. 4. 춥지 않았어요. (past) It wasn t cold. Now, let s see how a negative 하다 descriptive verb conjugates. Example conjugations (필요 않다) 1. 내일 필요하지 않아. (simple future / BASIC) It won t need it tomorrow. 2. 지금 필요하지 않아. (simple present / BASIC) I don t need it now. 3. 필요하지 않을 거예요. (future) I won t need it. 4. 필요하지 않았어요. (past) I didn t need it.

249 236 KoreanFromZero.com 일하다 (to work), 쉬다 (to take a break, to rest) The time that you work or take a break at is marked with the time marker 에. The place that you work or take a break at is marked with the event location marker 에서. (time) 에 (place) 에서 일하다 to work at a (place) at (time) Example sentences (time) 에 (place) 에서 쉬다 to take a break at a (place) at (time) 1. 저는 병원에서 일합니다. I work at a hospital. 2. 내일 4 시에 일하지 않을 거예요. I won t work tomorrow at 4 o clock. 3. 호텔에서 쉬어요. I am resting at the hotel. 4. 공원에서 쉴 거예요. I will take a break in the park. For verbs with ㅟ as the vowel, add 어 to make the basic form 도착하다 (to arrive) The place you arrive is marked with the location marker 에, and the time is marked with the time marker 에. (time) 에 (place) 에 도착하다 to arrive at a (place) at (time) 합니다 is more formal than the 해요 form. Example sentences 1. 공항에 3 시 반에 도착할 거예요. I will arrive at the airport at 3: 제 친구가 어젯밤에 도착하지 않았어요. My friend didn t arrive last night 출발하다 (to depart) The place you depart is marked with the from location marker 에서, and the time is marked with the time marker 에. (time) 에 (place) 에서 출발하다 to depart from a (place) at (time)

250 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense 237 Example sentences 1. 세 시 반에 공항에서 출발할 거예요. I ll depart from the airport at 3: 제 친구가 어젯밤에 출발하지 않았어요. My friend didn t depart last night. 14 Grammar 문법 Shall I? Shall we? ~(으)ㄹ까 The (으)ㄹ까 pattern means, Shall we or Shall I depending on the context. If a verb has a 받침, you add 을까 and without a 받침 you add ㄹ (리을) to the stem and then add 까. This is a great way to make suggestions. Example sentences 1. 아침밥 같이 먹을까요? Shall we eat breakfast together? 2. 어디까지 갈까요? How far shall we go? 3. 두 시에 시작할까요? Shall we start at 2 o clock? 4. 세 시부터 쉴까요? Shall we take a break at 3 o clock? 5. 몇 시에 갈까요? What time shall we go? 6. 뭐를 살까요? What shall I buy? 7. 누구한테 줄까요? Whom shall I give it to? 8. 몇 시부터 출발할까요? From what time should we depart? 9. 누구한테 전화할까요? Who shall I call? 10. 몇 분 수영할까요? How many minutes shall we swim? 11. 책을 읽을까요? Shall I read a book? 12. 누구한테서 받을까요? From whom shall I receive it?

251 238 KoreanFromZero.com The (으)ㄹ까 pattern is commonly used when talking to oneself or thinking. In this case it is better translated as I wonder if I should NOTE: You don t need 요 in your thoughts since you don t need to be polite to yourself. 1. 지금 먹을까? I wonder if I should eat now. 2. 일할까? I wonder if I should work. 3. 공부할까? I wonder if I should study Let s ~자, ~(으)ㅂ시다 The Let s do form is created by adding 자 to any stem. The more polite version is made by adding 읍시다 after verb stems with 받침, or if the stem doesn t have a 받침 add ㅂ(비읍) to the bottom of the stem, then add 시다. NOTE: The 읍시다 form is polite, however it can be considered rude when speaking to an elder since it sounds more like a command. With someone above you in status it will be more polite to ask them if they would like to go instead instead of saying let s go.

252 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense 239 Example sentences (polite) 1. 점심밥을 먹읍시다. Let s eat lunch. 2. 같이 공부합시다. Let s study together. 3. 영화를 봅시다. Let s watch a movie. 4. 맛있는 것을 삽시다. Let s buy tasty food. 5. 어머니한테 전화합시다. Let s call mom. Example sentences (casual) 1. 점심밥을 먹자 Let s eat lunch. 2. 같이 공부하자. Let s study together. 3. 영화를 보자. Let s watch a movie. 4. 맛있는 것을 사자. Let s buy tasty food. 5. 어머니한테 전화하자. Let s call mom About something ~에 대해 에 대해 is a combination of the 에 particle and the verb 대하다. 에 대해 means about or in regards to. Just add this after any noun and it means about that noun. It s very useful with the new verbs we learned in the last lesson. 에 대해 replaces 을/를 in the sentence. Example sentences 1. 차에 대해 몰라요. I don t know about cars. 2. 여자에 대해 몰라! I don t know about girls! 3. 그 영화에 대해 몰랐어요. I didn t know about that movie. 4. 싸이에 대해 알아요? Do you know about PSY? 5. 네 여자친구에 대해 알아요. I know about your girlfriend. 6. 이 책에 대해 알아요? Do you know about this book? Going to work 일 means work but 일 isn t a place to go to. So you when you say I am at work or I am going to work you should not use 일. Instead you will say 회사 (company) in it s place. Example sentences 1. 아침 일곱시에 회사에 가요. I go to work (company) at 7 in the morning. 2. 지금, 회사에 있어요. Now, I am at work (company).

253 240 KoreanFromZero.com 14 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 내일 뭐해? What are you doing tomorrow? 친구랑 도서관에서 공부할 거야. I am going to study with my friend at the library. 거야 is the casual way to say 거예요. It s only used with friends. 나는 거울을 살 거야. I am going to buy a mirror. 내일 공항에서 일할 거야. I am going to work at airport tomorrow. 2. 이 커피 필요해요? Do you need this coffee? 아니요, 그 커피는 너무 써요. 저는 쓴 커피를 싫어해요. No, that coffee is too bitter. I dislike bitter coffee. 아니요, 그 커피는 매우 뜨거워요. 저는 차가운 커피가 필요해요. No, that coffee is very hot. I need a cold coffee. 네, 필요해요. 고마워요. Yes, I need it. Thank you. 3. 오늘 몇 시에 제주도에 도착해요? What time do you arrive on Jeju Island today? 아마 여섯 시에 도착할 거예요. Maybe I will arrive at 6:00 pm. 제주도 is a popular resort island in the southern part of South Korea. 오늘 가지 않아요. 제주도에 비가 많이 와요. I m not going today. It is raining a lot on Jeju Island. 저는 오늘 제주도에 가지 않아요. 다음 주에 가요. I m not going to Jeju Island today. I m going next week.

254 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense 이 작은 핸드폰은 얼마예요? How much is this small cell phone? 몰라요. 아마 그 핸드폰은 너무 비쌀 거예요. I don t know. Maybe that cell phone will be (is probably) too expensive. 그 핸드폰은 싸지 않을 거예요. That cellphone is probably not (will not be) cheap. 오십오만 원이에요. It s 550,000 Won. In this case ㄹ 거예요 is not future but instead is assumptive. 5. 누구랑 한국어 공부할 거예요? Who will you study Korean with? 일본인 친구랑 같이 공부할 거예요. I ll study with my Japanese friend. 혼자서 공부할 거예요. I will study by myself. Like 사람, 인 can be added to a country to say person of that country. 혼자서 is a handy word you can use to explain that you are doing something by yourself. 한국어 학교에서 다른 사람이랑 공부할 거예요. I ll study with other people at a Korean language school. 6. 오늘 밤에 뭐 먹을 거예요? What are you going to eat tonight? 먹지 않아요. 2 시에 많이 먹었어요. I m not going to eat. I ate a lot at 2 o clock. 이미 먹었어요. I already ate. 7. 누구를 사랑해요? Who do you love? 소녀시대를 사랑해요. 싸이도 좋아해요. I love Girls Generation. I also like PSY. 제 부모님을 너무 사랑해요. I really love my parents.

255 242 KoreanFromZero.com 8. 몇 시에 공원에 갈까요? What time shall we go to the park? 한 시에 가자. Let s go at 1 o clock. 지금 갈까요? Shall we go now? 11 시에 출발합시다. Let s depart at 11 o clock. 지금 공원에 가지 않아요. 저는 쉴 거예요. I m not going to go to the park now. I ll take a break. 9. 점심밥을 먹었어요? Did you eat lunch? 아니요, 먹지 않았어요. 같이 먹을까요? No, I didn t eat. Shall we eat together? 아니요, 먹지 않았어요. 오늘 점심밥을 먹지 않을 거예요. 아침밥을 너무 많이 먹었어요. No, I didn t. I won t eat lunch. I ate too much for breakfast. 14 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between college classmates. A: 준호랑 백화점에서 일했어요? B: 네, 우리는 작년에 같이 일했어요. A: 준호가 그 일을 좋아했어요? B: 아니요, 싫어했어요. 지금 준호는 공항에서 일해요. A: Did you work at the department store with Junho? B: Yes, we worked together last year. A: Did he like the work? B: No, he disliked it. Now he is working at the airport.

256 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense Polite conversation between a returning exchange student and a friend. A: 저는 미국 친구와 영국 친구가 있어요. B: 미국 사람이랑 영국 사람은 달라요? A: 네, 정말 달라요. 미국 사람은 정말 시끄러워요. B: 영국 사람은 시끄럽지 않아요? A: 아니요, 매우 조용해요. A: I have American and English friends. B: Are Americans and English people different? A: Yes, they are really different. Americans are really loud. B: Aren t English people loud? A: No, they are very quiet. 3. Polite conversation between a couple on vacation. A: 호텔에 몇 시에 갈 거예요? B: 흠.. 9 시에 출발할까요? A: 좋아요. 지금 저녁밥을 먹읍시다. B: 어디에 갈까요? (pointing on a map) 저기에 갈까요? A: 알았어요. 좋아요 is a really common way to say Okay or Sounds good etc. A: What time are we going to the hotel? B: Hmm.. Shall we depart at 9 pm? A: That s good. Let s eat dinner now. B: Where shall we go? Shall we go here? A: Got it. 14 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between two friends on the phone. A: There are too many people at CGV movie theater. B: Are you going to go to a different movie theater? There is a good movie theater next to the bank. A: I already went. That theater also had many people. B: Well then (so ) What are you going to do? A: I will swim at the pool. CGV is a popular movie theatre chain in South Korea.

257 244 KoreanFromZero.com A: CGV 영화관에 사람이 너무 많아요. B: 다른 영화관에 갈 거예요? 은행 옆에 좋은 영화관이 있어요. A: 이미 갔어요. 그 영화관도 사람이 많이 있어요. B: 그럼 뭐 할 거예요? A: 수영장에서 수영할 거예요. 2. A casual breakup conversation between two soon to be ex-lovers. A: I don t love you. We are too different. B: Even now (now too) I love you a lot! A: I have a different boyfriend. He is a really funny man. We will go to Korea together next year. A: 너를 사랑하지 않아. 우리는 너무 달라. B: 나 지금도 너 많이 사랑해! A: 벌써 다른 남자친구가 있어. 재미있는 사람이야. 지금도 is better translated as even now. 이야 is the casual form for 이에요. 우리는 내년에 같이 한국에 갈거야. 거야 is casual for 거예요 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: Did you watch that movie? B: No, I didn t watch it. A: My older brother gave me movie tickets. Shall we watch the movie today? B: Sounds good. A: 그 영화 봤어요? B: 아니요, 보지 않았어요. A: 저의 오빠가 저에게 영화표를 줬어요. 오늘 같이 영화 볼까요? B: 좋아요.

258 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Negative tense Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받지 않았어요. My friend didn t get a different cell phone from his mother. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 11: 5 월 5 일에 콜라 두 병을 이미 샀어요. I already bought 2 bottles of cola on May 5th. Lesson 12: 제 친구가 저하고 다른 핸드폰을 샀어요. My friend bought a different cell phone than me. Lesson 13: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받았어요. My friend received a different cell phone from his mother.

259 246 KoreanFromZero.com 14 Workbook Area A14-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 일 (work), 회사 (company, work) 1 일요일에는 회사에 가지 않아요. 2 친구랑 공원에 갈 거예요. 3 오늘은 춥지 않아요. 4 오전 11 시에 출발할 거예요. Dialogue A: 오늘 회사에 갈 거예요? B: 아니요, 오늘은 회사에 가지 않아요. A: 공원 갈까요? B: 좋아요. 오전 11 시에 출발할까요? A14-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 몇 시에 공원에 가요? 2. 오늘은 추워요? 3. 몇 시에 회사에 가요?

260 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Workbook Area 247 A14-3. Fill in the blank Write in the appropriate Korean words to match the English sentence 에 가3. Let s go to the park together 저녁밥 1 선생님2 먹을3요? Shall we eat dinner with the teacher? 제 1은 26 시에 도착하지 3요. My family didn t arrive at 6 pm 호텔2 3요. I am resting at the hotel now 도서관2 공부3. Let s study at the library together 이 1는 2 않아요. This coffee isn t hot 공원2 같이 2요? Shall we take a break together at that park over there? 1 2 3

261 248 KoreanFromZero.com 8. 친구의 1에 대해 2요. I don t know about my friend s family 이것을 해 1? Shall we try to do this? 시2 3하자. Let s depart at 4 pm 에서 호주2 많이 3해요. In school I am studying a lot about Australia 일은 2하지 않3. I am not going to work tomorrow A14-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 어머니는 몇 시에 학교에 도착해요? B: 몰라요. 어머니한테 전화했어요? A: 아니요, 전화하지 않았어요. B: 지금 전화합시다. A: B: A: B:

262 Korean From Zero! Lesson 14 Workbook Area 249 A14-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: I don t know about American history. Do you know? B: I don t know (anything). We are studying about China in school now. A: Is China interesting? B: No, it isn t interesting. A: B: A: B:

263 250 KoreanFromZero.com 14 Vocabulary Builder Group O: other body parts 더 많은 몸의 부분 손가락 어깨 무릎 팔꿈치 턱 배 등 finger shoulder knee elbow chin stomach back Group P: famous cities 유명한 도시 뉴욕 로스 앤젤레스 라스베가스 도쿄 파리 런던 베를린 방콕 베이징 마닐라 오타와 퀘벡 New York, USA Los Angeles, USA Las Vegas, USA Tokyo, Japan Paris, France London, England Berlin, Germany Bangkok, Thailand Beijing, China Manila, Philippines Ottawa, Canada Quebec, Canada

264 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do 251 Lesson 15: Can and Can t do Before This Lesson 1. Know word groups O (other body parts) and P (famous cities). Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to conjugate ㄷ (디귿) irregular verbs. 2. Learn how to ask someone to do an action in a nice way. 3. Learn how to say I can do and I can t do form. From The Teachers 1. The ㄷ irregular verbs introduced in this lesson are 15 Lesson Highlights To and from (부터 / 까지) ㄹ/을 수(가) 있다, ㄹ/을 수(가) 없다 (Can do and can t do) some of the most common verbs within the ㄷ irregular type of verbs.

265 252 KoreanFromZero.com 15 New Words 새로운 단어 바다 수영장 일 이름 대학교 음악 소리 이메일 다 아까 질문 대답 엄마 아빠 ocean swimming pool work name college music sound everything, all just now, just a moment ago question reply my mother, mom my father, dad 15 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 수영하다 수영해 to swim 하다 읽다 읽어 to read regular 시작하다 시작해 to start, to begin 하다 묻다 물어 to ask ㄷ irregular 듣다 들어 to listen, hear ㄷ irregular 걷다 걸어 to walk ㄷ irregular 대답하다 대답해 to answer, reply 하다 배우다 배워 to learn regular 질문하다 질문해 to ask a question 하다

266 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do Verb Usage 동사 사용법 수영하다 (to swim) Swimming is an event. So the event location marker 에서 is used to mark where you swim. Example sentences 1. 오전 10 시에 수영장에서 수영했어요. I swam at the pool at 10 am. 2. 다음 주에 가족이랑 바다에서 수영할 거예요. Next week I will swim in the ocean with my family 읽다 (to read) The item being read is marked with the object marker 을/를. Example sentences 1. 저는 책하고 잡지를 많이 읽어요. I read a lot of books and magazines. 2. 오늘 도서관에서 친구하고 같이 소설을 읽을 거예요. Today I will read a novel at the library together with my friend. 3. 만화책을 읽지 않아요. I don t read comic books. 4. 지금 대학교에서 일본에 대해 읽어요. I am reading about Japan in college now 시작하다 (to start) Starting will use a variety of times. The time is marked with the time marker 에. Example sentences 1. 학교가 아침 9 시에 시작해요. School starts at 9 in the morning. 2. 일은 몇 시에 시작할 거예요? What time does your work start? 3. 학교가 저녁 4 시에 시작해요. School starts at 4 in the evening. 4. 영화가 5 시 반에 시작했어요. The movie started at 5:30.

267 254 KoreanFromZero.com ㄷ irregulars, 묻다 (to ask), 듣다 (to listen, hear) 묻다 (to ask) and 듣다 (to listen) are ㄷ irregular verbs. The ㄷ (디귿) 받침 changes to the ㄹ (리을) for many of the conjugations. The think you are listening to is marked with 을/를 but if it is a person you listening to is marked with 에게 / 한테. Example sentences 1. 우리 선생님이 제 가족에 대해 물었어요. Our teacher asked about my family. 물어보다 is a verb that means to ask. It is NOT 묻다 + 보다 taught in section 13-8 so no space is required. 2. 매일 방 안에서 음악을 들어요. 4. 선생님한테 숙제에 대해 물어봤어요. I listen to music everyday in my room. I asked the teacher about the homework. 3. 수업에서 선생님에게 들을 거예요. 5. 아까 큰 소리를 들었어요. I will listen to the teacher in class. Just now I heard a big (loud) sound 걷다 (to walk) 걷다 is also a ㄷ irregular. Normally, future tense is just STEM + ㄹ/을 거예요. But ㄷ irregular stems must first switch the ㄷ to ㄹ to make the stem. Example sentences 1. 진짜 걸었어요? Did you really walk? 2. 친구하고 걸을 거예요. I will walk with a friend.

268 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do 255 The BASIC form of 걸어 is used to mean by foot or walk in front of motion verbs such as 가다 (to go) and 오다 (to come) etc. Example sentences 1. 친구가 걸어 올 거예요. My friend will come by foot. 2. 어제 제 집에 걸어 갔어요. I walked (went by foot) to my house. 3. 오늘 학교에 걸어 갔어요. Today I walked to school 대답해다 (to answer) The thing you are answering is marked with the marker 에. 대답하다 is not used to answer the phone. Example sentences 1. 준호씨가 선생님의 질문에 대답하지 않았어요. Junho didn t answer the teacher s question. 2. 다음주까지 대답할 거예요. I will answer by next week. 3. 제 질문에 대답해 주세요. Please answer my question. Taught in section There are other verbs used for to answer that you might hear: 답신하다 (to reply), 답장하다 (to respond to / texts etc.) Also remember that you can use 질문 (question) and 대답 (reply, answer) as nouns. Example sentences 1. 질문이 있어요? Do you have any questions? 2. 대답은 어려워요. That answer is difficult. 3. 이메일에 다 답장했어요. I replied to all of my s.

269 256 KoreanFromZero.com 배우다 (to learn) The thing you are learning is marked with the object marker 을/를. If you are learning about something use ~에 대해 to mark the subject you are learning about. Example sentences 1. 한국어를 배워요. I m learning Korean. 2. 내년에 한글을 배울 거예요. I will learn hangul next year. 3. 대학교에서 일본에 대해 배웠어요. I learned about Japan in college. 4. 인도에 대해 아직 배우지 않았어요. I haven t learned about India yet 질문하다 (to ask a question) If you are asking a question about something use ~에 대해 (section 14-7) to mark the subject you are asking about. In section 15-4 you learn how to ask questions with 물어보다. In everyday Korean it s more common to use 물어보다. Note there is no space in 물어보다. As you learn more Korean you will realize there several ways to say what you want to say. Let s look at the ways you can accomplish saying you have a question: 질문할 거예요. 물어 볼 거예요. 질문이 있어요. I will ask a question. I will (try to) ask. I have a question. Now let s look at past tense: 질문했어요. 물어봤어요. 질문이 있었어요. I asked a question. I asked. I had a question. The person you are asking a question to is marked with 에게 or 한테. (person) 에게 / 한테 질문하다 to ask a question to a (person) Example sentences 1. 선생님한테 질문했어요. I asked a question to my teacher. 2. 아빠에게 질문할 거예요. I will ask my father.

270 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do Grammar 문법 To and from (부터 / 까지) The Korean version to and from, until work exactly like their English counterparts. The only difference is that they come after the place or time. So instead of saying from Seoul you say Seoul from. They can be used one at a time, or together. Examples (locations) 1. 서울부터 부산까지 from Seoul to Pusan 2. 집부터 학교까지 from home to school 3. 직장부터 여기까지 from the workplace to here Examples (time) 1. 6 시부터 8 시까지 from 6 o clock to 8 o clock 2. 금요일부터 일요일까지 from Friday to Sunday 3. 1 월부터 5 월까지 from January to May 까지 can be translated as as far as, up to etc. The time and location marker 에 is used with an exact destination or time. 까지 shows progression to the final time or location. Example Q&A 1. 어디까지 갈 거예요? How far are you going? 서울까지 갈 거예요. I am going to Seoul. If 에 was used here then the person would be going only to Seoul. Using 까지 means there might be other cities along the way. 이미 뉴욕까지 갔어요. I already went up to New York. 2. 몇 시까지 일해요? What time are you working until? 5 시 반까지 일해요. I work until 5:30. Work is UNTIL 5:30. If 에 is used, the EXACT time of the work is 5:30 and there isn t work done before. 10 시 45 분까지 일해요. I work until 10:45.

271 258 KoreanFromZero.com 부터 is translated as from and can used after times and locations. Example Q&A 1. 언제부터 시작할 거예요? From when are you going to start? 1 시부터 시작할 거예요. I ll start from 1 o clock. 화요일부터 시작할 거예요. I will start from Tuesday. 2. 어디부터 어디까지 갔어요? From where to where did you go? 베를린부터 런던까지 갔어요. I went from Berlin to London. 뉴욕부터 로스 앤제레스까지 갔어요. I went from New York to Los Angeles. 3. 월요일에 몇 시부터 몇 시까지 일할 거예요? From what time until what time will you work on Monday? 아직 몰라요. 아마 아침 3 시부터 6 시까지 예요. I don t know yet. I will probably be at work from 3:00 to 6:00. When saying from a (place) or from a (time), both 부터 and 에서 can be used. Koreans however normally use 에서 more with places and 부터 more with times. To sound natural you should also use 에서 with locations instead of 부터. Example Q&A 1. 어디에서 왔어요? Where are you from? 미국에서 왔어요. I am from America. 2. 집에서 왔어요? Did you come from your house? 네, 아까 왔어요. Yes, I came just now.

272 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do Please do this In section 9-5 you learned how to ask for things using 주세요 and in section you learned the casual way to make a command. Now we will learn the polite way to ask someone to do something. The pattern is BASIC + 주세요. 을/를 is not required. (BASIC form) 주세요. Please (verb). Example sentences 1. 가 주세요. Please go. 2. 와 주세요. Please come. 3. 사 주세요. Please buy it. 4. 해 주세요. Please do it. 5. 먹어 주세요. Please eat it ㄹ/을 수(가) 있다, ㄹ/을 수(가) 없다 (Can do and can t do) The 수 portion of 할 수 있다 (can do) and 할 수 없다 (can t do) means ability or possibility. If the stem of the verb does not have a 받침 then you add ㄹ to it, and if there is a 받침 then you add 을 after it. NOTE: The 가 is often dropped. (STEM + ㄹ/을) 수 있다 I can (verb). (STEM + ㄹ/을) 수 없다 I can t (verb). First let s see how we can apply this pattern to some action verbs. Example sentences 1. 언제 한국에 올 수 있어요? 5. 제 예쁜 얼굴을 볼 수 있어요? When can you come to Korea? Can you see my pretty face? 2. 수영할 수 있어요? 6. 매운 것을 먹을 수 있어요? Can you swim? Can you eat spicy things? 시까지 도착할 수 있어요? 7. 내일 오전 5 시에 일할 수 없어요. Can you arrive by 12 o clock? I can t work tomorrow at 5 am 시부터 시작할 수 없었어요. 8. 조용한 소리를 들을 수가 없어요. I couldn t start at 4 o clock. I can t hear quiet sounds.

273 260 KoreanFromZero.com The rules for modifying the stem of verbs to create the ~수 있다 / ~수 없다 verb form is exactly the same as creating the future tense verbs. These rules are covered in section 10-4 and Another simple way to create this pattern is: (future tense) MINUS 거예요 PLUS 수 있다 1. 할 거예요. I will do it. 할 수 있어요. 할 수 없어요. I can do it. I can t do it. 2. 갈 거예요. I will go. 갈 수 있어요. 갈 수 없어요. I can go. I can t go. 3. 물을 거예요. I will ask. 물을 수 있어요. 물을 수 없어요. I can ask. I can t ask. NOTE: It s possible to use this form with descriptive verbs, and you might even hear it used. However, typically Koreans would say I think it will be cold or it might be cold, instead of it can be cold or it could be cold with descriptive verbs Doing things well 잘~ You can add 잘 before any verb to say that it s done well. Or if you use the negative form how well you don t to something. With a 하다 verb the 잘 must be directly in front of the 하다. Example sentences 1. 제 여동생이 공부 잘 해요. My younger sister is studying well. 2. 박민수는 수영 잘 해요. Minsu Park swims well. 3. 숙제를 잘 할 수 없었어요. I couldn t do the homework well. 4. 수학에 대해 잘 몰라요. I don t know math well. 5. 잘 먹었어요. I ate well. Before eating it s polite to say, 잘 먹겠습니다 (I will eat well). After eating you say, 잘 먹었습니다 (I ate well).

274 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do 261 When you speak Korean to Koreans for the first time, no matter how bad your Korean is you will likely here one of these phrases. 한국어 잘 하시네요. (very polite) 한국어 잘 해요. (polite) 한국어 잘 해. (casual) You are good at Korean. You are good at Korean. You are good at Korean. 잘 하다 means you are skilled or you are good in this case. You might hear it after you play guitar for someone or after you sing at the 노래방. 노래방 means song room and is the Korean word for karaoke. 15 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 선생님에게 질문했어요? Did you ask a question to the teacher? 물어봤어요 would have also been acceptable. 네, 물어봤어요. 선생님이 어제 저에게 대답해 줬어요. Yes, I asked. She answered (to) me yesterday. 아니요, 할 수 없었어요. 오전 8 시부터 오후 9 시까지 역사와 문학과 생물 수업이 있었어요. No, I couldn t. I had history, literature, and biology classes from 8 am to 9 pm. 2. 이 한국어 책을 읽을 수 있어요? Can you read this Korean book? for me is commonly translated as 나에게 or 저에게. (한테 too) 네, 다 읽을 수 있어요. 그 책은 나에게 쉬워요. Yes, I can read everything. That book is easy for me. 아니요, 읽을 수 없어요. 저에게 너무 어려워요. No, I can t read it. It is too difficult for me. 아니요, 저는 내일부터 한국어를 공부할 거예요. No, I will study Korean from tomorrow.

275 262 KoreanFromZero.com 3. 언제 수영장에 갈 거예요?? When are you going to the swimming pool? 벌써 왔어요. I already came. (I m already here.) If you said 벌써 있어요 it would mean I already have instead of I am already here. 이번주는 갈 수 없어요. 일요일까지 비가 많이 올 거예요. I can t go this week. It s probably going to rain a lot until Sunday. 몰라요. 오늘은 가지 않을 거예요. I don t know. Today I won t be going. 4. 이름 물어봤어요? Did you ask her name? 네, 했어요. 이름이 너무 길었어요. Yes, I did. Her name is too long. 이름을 들을 수 없었어요. I couldn t hear her name. 네, 했어요. 그녀의 이름이 진짜 귀여워요. Yes, I did. Her name is really cute. 커피빈 (Coffee Bean) is a popular coffee shop in South Korea. 5. 준호의 생일 파티는 커피빈에서 9 시에 시작할 거예요. 같이 갈까요? Junho s birthday party is starting at 9 o clock at the Coffee Bean. Shall we go together? 저는 갈 수 없어요. 커피빈은 우리집에서 너무 멀어요. I can t go. Coffee Bean is too far from my house. 지금 준호의 생일 선물을 살 거예요. 준호는 제 생일에 떡을 줬어요. I am going to buy Junho s birthday gift now. Junho gave me rice cakes on my birthday. 네, 갈 수 있어요. Yes, I can go. 6. 수학 수업을 몇 시에 시작해요? What time do you start your math class? 아마 3 시에 시작 할 거예요. 수업 갈 거예요? Maybe it will start at 3 o clock. Are you going to the class? 우리 is often used to mean my. It can also mean we even without the 의 particle.

276 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do 263 지금 선생님한테 물어볼 거예요. I am going to ask my teacher now. 3 시에 시작해요. It starts at 3 o clock. 몰라요. 같이 선생님에게 물어봐요. I don t know. Let s ask to the teacher together. 15 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between friends. A: 이 바나나 우유를 선아한테서 받았어요. B: 맛이 어땠어요? A: 마실 수 없었어요. 선아는 저에게 너무 단 우유를 줬어요. B: 저는 단 것을 좋아해요. 우유를 저에게 주세요. A: I got this banana milk from Seonah. B: How did it taste? A: I couldn t drink it. She gave me really sweet milk. B: I like sweet things. Please give it to me. 2. Polite conversation between two girls who HAVE TO GO! A: 저 화장실에 갈 수 없어요. 사람이 너무 많아요. 화장지 and 휴지 mean B: 도서관 안에 화장실이 있어요. 같이 갑시다. toilet paper. 휴지 can A 고마워요. 화장지 있어요? also mean facial tissue B: 아니요, 없어요. 제가 살까요? A: I can t go to that restroom over there. There are too many people. B: There is a restroom inside of the library. Let s go together. A: Thank you. Do you have toilet paper? B: No, I don t. Shall I buy some?

277 264 KoreanFromZero.com 3. Polite conversation between college students. A: 이 책 읽었어요? 이 책은 진짜 재미있는 책이에요. B: 아니요, 읽을 수 없었어요. 시간이 없었어요. 다음 주까지 시험이 세 개 있어요. A: 공부 많이 했어요? B: 네, 했어요. 오늘부터 수학 공부를 시작할 거예요. A: Did you read this book? It s a really interesting book. B: No, I couldn t read it. I didn t have time. I have three tests (by) next week. A: Did you study a lot? B: Yes, I did. I ll start math studies (from) today. 15 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Polite conversation between a friend and a shy girl. A: How was Junho s birthday party? B: I am not going. People asked me too many questions. A: What did they ask? B: They asked me my age and name. A: 준호의 생일 파티는 어땠어요? B: 가지 않을 거예요. 사람들이 저에게 너무 많이 물어봤어요. A: 뭐를 물어봤어요? B: 나이하고 이름을 물어봤어요. 나이 means age. 2. Polite conversation between a friend and a man without a car. A: Did you really walk from the hospital to the department store by foot? B: Yes. I just now arrived at the department store. A: Are you going to walk to the hospital by foot again? B: No, I can t do it. It is too far. A: 정말 병원에서 백화점까지 걸어 갔어요? 다시 means again. B: 네. 저는 아까 백화점에 도착했어요. A: 다시 병원에 걸어 갈 거예요? B: 아니요, 할 수 없어요. 너무 멀어요.

278 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Can and Can t do Polite conversation between a friend and a lonely man. A: Did you ask for her phone number? B: Yes, I did. I just now called her. A: Did she answer it? B: No, she didn t answer. A: 그녀의 전화번호를 물어봤어요? B: 네, 물어봤어요. 아까 전화했어요. A: 그녀가 대답했어요? B: 아니요, 대답하지 않았어요. 15 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받을 수 없었어요. My friend couldn t get a different cell phone from his mother. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 12: 제 친구가 저하고 다른 핸드폰을 샀어요. My friend bought a different cell phone than me. Lesson 13: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받았어요. My friend received a different cell phone from his mother. Lesson 14: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받지 않았어요. My friend didn t get a different cell phone from his mother.

279 266 KoreanFromZero.com 15 Workbook Area A15-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words in this comprehension: 독일어 (German language), 독일어공부 (German studies) 1 아까 친구한테 전화했어요. 2 제가 다음 달에 한국에서 베를린까지 갈 거예요. 3 지난달부터 독일어 공부를 시작했어요. 4 지금도 독일어는 저한테 너무 어려워요. Dialogue A 씨: 저는 오후 3 시까지 베를린에 도착할 수 없어요. B 씨: 몇 시에 도착해요? A 씨: 몰라요. 아마 5 시에 도착할 거예요. B 씨: 알았어요. A15-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. A 씨는 오후 3 시에 베를린에 도착할 거예요? 2. A 씨는 언제부터 독일어 공부를 시작했어요? 3. A 씨는 어디부터 어디까지 갈 거예요?

280 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Workbook Area 267 A15-3. Fill in the blank Write in the appropriate Korean words to match the English sentence 시2 영화가 3요. At 5 pm the movie started 제 1은 2에 3 거예요. My class will start before noon 는 나에게 2을 3봤어요. He asked me my birthday 선생님1 이메일을 2요. I received an from my teacher 그1 전화2를 3요. I couldn t give my number to him 어제 1을 2요. I listened to music yesterday 이 1를 2 있어요? Can you drink this beer? 1 2 3

281 268 KoreanFromZero.com 8. 1요. I can t love you 은 2에 집에 3 거예요. My parents will come to my house late (at) night 이 1 길은 남자친구2 같이 3요. I walked this long street with my boyfriend A15-4. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 오늘 친구랑 바다에 갈 거예요. 같이 갈 거예요? B: 몇 시에 갈 거예요? A: 2 시에 갈 거예요. B: 저는 갈 수 없어요. 수업이 1 시에 시작해요. A: B: A: B:

282 Korean From Zero! Lesson 15 Workbook Area 269 A15-5. English translation Translate the following conversation into Korean. 1. A: What are you doing now? B: I am listening to PSY s music. A: I really like PSY. His music is really interesting. Can you give me the music? B: Yes, I can give. A: B: A: B:

283 270 KoreanFromZero.com 15 Vocabulary Builder Group Q: office words 사무실 단어 연필 가위 명함 스테이플러 종이 테이프 자 노트북 계산기 사장님 편지 pencil scissors business card stapler paper tape ruler laptop computer calculator president (of company) a letter

284 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 271 Lesson 16: Not being able to do Before This Lesson 1. Know vocabulary group: Q (office words). 2. Review section 14-1 on 지 않다. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to say how an action was accomplished with the by means marker. 2. Learn how to distinguish between can t do and unable to do. 3. Learn the difference between present tense and ongoing present tense. From The Teachers 1. In this lesson we teach shorter versions of grammar you already know. Knowing more than one way to say something is important, as each person you meet will have their own speech preferences. 16 Lesson Highlights 처음 (first time, the beginning) Ongoing present tense form ~고 있다 (~ing) ~(으)로 by which means marker Unable to do form ~지 못하다 TAXI

285 272 KoreanFromZero.com 16 New Words 새로운 단어 아직 일찍 늦게 처음 다시 노래 사진 지하철 기차 택시 자동차 할머니 할아버지 not yet early late first time again song photograph, picture subway train taxi automobile grandmother grandfather 16 Word Usage 단어 사용법 아직 (still, not yet) 아직 means still or not yet and is placed somewhere before the verb. The opposite of 아직 is 이미 or 벌써 (already). 1. 저는 아직 차가 없어요. I don t have a car yet. 2. 부모님은 아직 도착하지 않았어요. My parents haven t arrived yet. 3. 불고기 아직 있어요? Is there still bulgogi (roast meat)? 4. 아직 한국어를 공부해요. I still study Korean. 5. 아직 시작 하지 않았어요. I haven t started yet. 6. 뉴욕 아직 추워요? Is New York still cold?

286 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 일찍 (early), 늦게 (late) 일찍 and 늦게 come somewhere before the verb. Examples 1. 학교에 일찍 갈 거예요. I will go to school early. 2. 선물을 일찍 받았어요. I received my present early. 3. 도쿄에서 늦게 출발했어요. I departed Tokyo late. 4. 늦게 왔어요. 죄송합니다. I came late. I m sorry. 5. 늦게 밥을 먹었어요. I ate dinner late. 6. 오늘 일찍부터 늦게까지 일했어요. I worked from early until late today 처음 (first time, the beginning) There are a few ways you can use 처음 in a sentence. 처음 the first time, the first 1. 오늘은 처음이에요. Today is the first time. 2. 이 김밥은 처음이에요. This gimbap is my first. 3. 처음은 어려워요. The first time is difficult. 처음에 in the beginning, at first 1. 처음에 어려웠어요. In the beginning it was difficult. 2. 처음에 좋았어요. At first it was good. 3. 처음에 재미있었어요. In the beginning it was fun. 처음부터 from the beginning, from the start 1. 처음부터 어려웠어요. From the beginning it was difficult. 2. 처음부터 좋았어요. From the start it was good. 3. 처음부터 재미있었어요. From the beginning it was fun. 처음으로 for the first time 1. 처음으로 먹었어요. I ate it for the first time. 2. 처음으로 봤어요. I saw it for the first time. 3. 처음으로 들었어요. I heard it for the first time.

287 274 KoreanFromZero.com Examples 1. 5 월에 처음으로 한국에 갔어요. I went to Korea for the first time in May. 2. 제가 이 노래를 처음으로 들어요. I m hearing this song for the first time. 3. 오늘 바다에서 처음으로 수영했어요. Today I swam in the ocean for the first time. Often 처음 will be used without the following 으로. Example sentences 1. 처음 봤어요. It s the first time I saw it. 2. 처음 들어요. It s the first time I heard it. 3. 처음 왔어요. It s the first time I came 다시 (again) This works like the English word again except that you put it in front of the verb. Examples 1. 내년에 한국에 다시 갈 거예요. I am going to Korea again next year. 2. 다시 하자! Let s do it again! 3. 다시 와 주세요. Please come again. 4. 다시 물어봐요. Try to ask again. 5. 어머니한테서 다시 전화를 받았어요. I got a call from mother again. 16 New Phrases 새로운 어구 1. 배고파요. 3. 괜찮아요. I m hungry. It s okay. / I m okay. 2. 배가 불러요. 4. 물론이에요. I m full. Of course.

288 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 타다 타 to ride regular 내리다 내려 to get off regular 자다 자 to sleep regular 일어나다 일어나 to wake up regular 말하다 말해 to speak, tell, talk 하다 보내다 보내 to send regular 쓰다 써 to write regular 쓰다 써 to use regular 16 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 Ongoing present tense form ~고 있다 (~ing) The present tense is easily created just by using the BASIC form of a verb. To say "I am doing an action right now" then you will use the ~고 있다 pattern. This pattern is created by adding~고 있다 directly to the stem. After adding ~고 있다 you can then conjugate the verb into various tenses. (verb stem) + 고 있다 (verb stem) ing Example sentences 1. 먹고 있어요. I am eating. 2. 먹고 있었어요. I was eating. 3. 먹고 있지 않아요. I am not eating. 4. 먹고 있지 않았어요. I was not eating. 5. 일하고 있어요. I am working. 6. 일하고 있었어요. I was working. 7. 일하고 있지 않아요. I am not working. 8. 일하고 있지 않았어요. I was not working.

289 276 KoreanFromZero.com As you learn more Korean you will learn more than one way to say the same thing. For example all of the sentences below mean basically the same thing. 1. 제가 지금 먹어요. I am eating now. 2. 제가 지금 먹고 있어요. I am eating now. 3. 제가 지금 먹는 중이에요. I am in the middle of eating now. Over time and with more experience you will choose which sentence best suits your situation. One thing that can be said about 먹어요 vs 먹고 있어요 is that there is no ambiguity with 먹고 있어요. Depending on the context 먹어요 can mean I will eat., I am eating, and even Eat (command). However, 먹고 있어요 can only mean I am eating 타다 (to ride) The mode of transportation by which you are riding is marked with the object marker 를. Example sentences 1. 아직 택시를 타고 있어요. I m still riding in a taxi. 2. 여기까지 자전거를 탔어요. I rode a bicycle (up to) here. 3. 제가 다음 주에 처음으로 비행기를 탈 거예요. I am going to ride an airplane for the first time next week. 4. 내일 이 시간에 비행기를 타고 있을 거예요. Tomorrow at this time, I will be riding in an airplane 내리다 (to get off) Use the from location marker 에서 to mark the mode of transportation that you are getting off of. (mode of transportation) 에서 내리다 to get off of (mode of transportation)

290 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 277 Example sentences 1. 버스에서 내렸어요. I got off of the bus. 2. 지금 비행기에서 내리고 있어요. I am getting off of the plane right now. 3. 강남역에서 내릴 거예요. I will get off at Gangnam station. The 에서 in this sentence is the event location marker and NOT the from location marker. 4. 기차에서 내립시다. Let s get off of the train here 자다 (to sleep), 일어나다 (to wake up) The time that you wake up, or sleep is marked with the time marker 에. The place that you sleep is marked with 에서. Example sentences 1. 어제 여동생은 몇 시에 잤어요? What time did your little sister sleep yesterday? 2. 아까까지 차에서 자고 있었어요. Up until just a moment ago I was sleeping in my car. 3. 저는 오늘 너무 늦게 일어났어요. Today I woke up too late. 4. 토요일에 몇 시에 일어날 거예요? What time will you wake up on Saturday?

291 278 KoreanFromZero.com 말하다 (to speak, to tell, to talk) The thing you are talking about is marked with 을/를. The person you are speaking with is marked with any of the three with words taught in The person who you are telling something to do is marked with 에게 / 한테. Example sentences 1. 친구랑 말해요. I m talking with a friend. 2. 사장님에게 말했어요? Did you tell the president? 3. 선생님한테 말해 봐요. Try telling the teacher. 4. 버스에서 많이 말해요. I talk a lot on the bus. 5. 매일 한국어를 말해요. I speak Korean everyday. SUMMARY: 말하다 isn t used for describing the ability to speak a language. 말하다 is more about physical act of speaking, than it is about ability to speak. With language you use 하다 to say do a language. 1. 일본어를 할 수 있어요? Can you speak (do) Japanese? 2. 리키는 한곡어를 할 수 있어요. Ricky can speak (do) Korean 보내다 (to send) The item being sent is marked with, you guessed it, the object marker 을/를. The person being sent the item is marked with 한테 or 에게. send (something) to (someone) (someone) 한테(something) 을/를 보내다

292 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 279 Example sentences 1. 할아버지한테 사진을 보냈어요. I sent pictures to my grandfather. 2. 남동생한테 돈을 보낼 거예요. I will send money to my younger brother. 3. 준호 씨에게 이메일을 보낼까요? Shall I send an to Junho? 쓰다 (to write), 쓰다 (to use) Both of these verbs are exactly the same in terms of how they are used and which particles are used. The only difference is their meaning. The thing you are writing or using is marked with the object marker 을/를. The person you are writing to is marked with 한테 or 에게. write (something) to (someone) (someone) 한테(something) 을/를 쓰다 use (something) (something) 을/를 쓰다 Example sentences (쓰다 to write) 1. 매달 할머니한테 편지를 써요. I write a letter to my grandfather every month. 2. 이메일을 선생님에게 아직 쓰지 않았어요. I didn t write an to teacher yet. Example sentences (쓰다 to use) 1. 이 노트북을 쓸 수 있어요? Can I use this laptop? 2. 계산기를 쓰지 않았어요. I didn t use a calculator.

293 280 KoreanFromZero.com 16 Grammar 문법 ~(으)로 by which means marker This marker is VERY handy! It s used to mark the method, or tool that was used to do something with. If there is no 받침 OR if the 받침 is ㄹ you just add 로. For all other 받침 you add 으로. Example sentences (transportation) 1. 버스로 갈 거예요. I will go by bus. 2. 비행기로 갈 거예요. I will go by airplane. 3. 택시로 갈 거예요. I will go by taxi. 4. 지하철로 갈 거예요. I will go by subway. 5. 이메일로 보냈어요. I sent it by . Example sentences (methods) 1. 카드로 샀어요. I bought it with my credit card. 2. 젓가락으로 먹었어요. I ate with chopsticks. 3. 연필로 썼어요. I wrote it with a pencil. 4. 눈으로 봤어요. I saw it with my eyes. 6. 핸드폰으로 전화했어요. I called with my cell phone. Example sentences (languages) 1. 영어로 말해 주세요. Please speak in English. 2. 한국어로 말해 주세요. Please speak in Korean. 3. 일본어로 말해 주세요. Please speak in Japanese.

294 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do ~들 Plurals in Korean 들 is added to nouns to make them plural. However, when it s obvious from the context, 들 is not needed. 들 is most commonly added after people but can be used after objects also. All of the following words CAN be plural OR singular WITHOUT the 들, however, adding 들 makes it clear that there is more than one. Example plurals 1. 친구들 friends 2. 사람들 people 3. 책들 아이 means books 4. 선생님들 child and 애기 means baby teachers 5. 아이들 children 6. 집들 houses, homes 7. 고양이들 cats Example sentences 1. 친구가 올 거예요. 2. 친구들이 올 거예요. This can only mean friends will come. This can mean a friend or friends will come. 3. 런던에 교회가 있어요. 4. 런던에 교회들이 있어요. This can only mean churches. This can mean there is a church or churches Example sentences 1. 고양이들이 귀여워요. The cats are cute. 2. 이 집들은 예뻐요. These houses are pretty. 3. 그 여자들은 한국 사람입니다. Those girls are Korean. 4. 대학생들이 숙제가 많아요. College students have a lot of homework. 5. 이 강아지들은 너무 시끄러워요. These puppies are too loud. 6. 이 연필들이 길어요. These pencils are long Unable to do form ~지 못하다 In lesson 15 you learned how to say can and can t do. Now we will learn a much stronger form of can t do. ~지 못하다 (pronounced 모타다) means that you are unable to do something. There is perhaps a physical barrier that prevents you from doing it.

295 282 KoreanFromZero.com For example, you have no legs, therefore you are UNABLE to walk (걷지 못해요). If your mom doesn t let you go to a party, then you CAN NOT go (갈 수 없어요), but there isn t a physical limitation. The pattern is very similar to the 지 않다 (won t, don t do) form. 1. Polite conversation at a concert with many tall people. A: 볼 수 있어요? Can you see? B: 보지 못해요. (pronounced 모태요) I m unable to see. 2. Polite conversation with a person who hasn t learned to ride a bicycle. A: 자전거를 탈 수 있어요? Can you ride a bicycle? B: 타지 못해요. I m unable to ride.

296 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do Contracted versions of 지 못하다 and 지 않다 There are shorter versions that are commonly used for ~지 못하다 (unable to) and ~지 않다 (won t, don t) forms. The short versions are 못 and 안. They are added directly in front of the 다 form of the verb. Then all you do is treat it as a NEW verb and follow all the patterns and rules you already know. Simple! Even though in the prior section we taught distinct differences between ㄹ 수 없다 (can not) and 뭇 + verb (unable) actual usage if among Koreans doesn t follow such clear lines. For example, it s more common to just say 못 해요 to say you can t do something than 할 수 없어요.

297 284 KoreanFromZero.com Examples (안) Examples (못) 1. 오늘 안 먹었어요. 1. 오늘 못 먹었어요. I didn t eat today. Today I couldn t eat. 2. 안 자요. 2. 못 자요. I won t sleep. I can t sleep. 3. 저는 지하철을 안 탈 거예요. 3. 저는 지하철을 못 타요. I will not ride the subway. I can t ride the subway. 4. 숙제를 안 해요. 4. 숙제를 못 해요. I didn t do my homework. I couldn t do my homework. IMPORTANT! 안 and 못 contractions can NOT be used with descriptive verbs. Descriptive verbs can only use ~지 못하다 (unable to) and ~지 않다. ALSO IMPORTANT! When using the contracted 안 and 못 with 하다 verbs they must come directly before the 하다 and never before the full verb. Examples (안) Examples (못) 1. 금요일에 출발 안 해요. 1. 세 시에 도착 못 했어요. I won t depart on Friday. I couldn t arrive at 3: 너를 사랑 안 해. 2. 전화가 없어요. 전화 못 해요. I don t love you. I don t have a phone. I can t call.

298 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 285 SUMMARY: Proper usage of ~지 않다 and ~지 못하다 is important. It s important to understand the difference between not doing something and not being able to do something. In English, we might say I didn t see you yesterday and no one would be offended. However, the form ~지 않다 / 안~ implies chose not to. So, if you say 어제 보지 않았어요 to a friend, you are saying I chose not to see you yesterday. The better phrase is, 어제 보지 못했어요 (I couldn t see you yesterday ). Examples (my choice) Examples (not my choice) 1. 일 하지 않았어요. 1. 일 하지 못했어요. I didn t work. I couldn t work. 2. 전화 안 했어요. 2. 전화 못 했어요. I didn t call. I couldn t call. 3. 이메일을 안 보내요. 3. 이메일을 못 보내요. I won t send the . I can t send the Bonus ~고 있다 examples Since we taught the ongoing present tense form at the beginning of the lesson, you might need a quick review. Here are some bonus examples. Example sentences 1. 아이들은 자고 있어요. The children are sleeping. 2. 제 친구들이 버스를 타고 있어요. My friends are riding the bus. 3. 지금 어머니하고 티비를 보고 있어요. Right now I am watching TV with my mother. 4. 다섯 시까지 일하고 있었어요. I was working until 5:00. Notice how the ~고 있다 pattern is now past tense. 5. 제 여자친구는 할아버지의 노트북을 쓰고 있어요. My girlfriend is using my grandfather s laptop computer. 6. 지금 친구들이랑 맛있는 것을 먹고 있어요. Right now I am eating delicious things with my friends.

299 286 KoreanFromZero.com 16 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 저에게 사진 보냈어요? Did you send a picture to me? 아직 보내지 않았어요. 다음 주에 보낼 거예요. I didn t send it yet. I will send it next week. 보낼 수 없었어요. 아침에 진짜 늦게 일어났어요. I couldn t send it. I woke up really late in the morning. 네, 사진과 선물을 같이 보냈어요. Yes, I sent a picture and a present together. 2. 버스를 탔어요? Did you ride a bus? 아니요, 타지 못했어요. 어제 늦게 잤어요. No, I wasn t able to ride it. I slept late yesterday. 아니요, 오늘은 택시 탈 거예요. No, I ll take a taxi today. 네, 지금 타고 있어요. 저는 학교에 일찍 도착할 거예요. 이 버스가 일찍 출발했어요. Yes, I am riding one now. I will arrive at school early. This bus departed early. 3. 우리 선생님한테 편지를 쓸까요? Shall we write a letter to our teacher? 저는 어제 썼어요. I wrote it yesterday. 지금 쓰고 있어요. I m writing it now. 이미 선생님에게 이메일로 보냈어요. I already sent it to her by . 지금 쓰자! Let s write it now!

300 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 저는 비행기에서 내렸어요. 어디예요? 공항에 올 거예요? I got off the airplane. Where are you? Are you going to come to the airport? 지금 가고 있어요. 공항 앞에서 먹을까요? I am going now. Shall we eat in front of the airport? 지하철을 탔어요. 5 시에 도착 할 거예요. I rode the subway. I will arrive at 5 pm. 지금 차가 없어요. 공항에 못 가요. I don t have a car right now. I m unable to go the airport. 5. 뭐해요? What are you doing? 동생들하고 물고기에 대해 배우고 있어요. I am learning about fish with my younger siblings. 그냥 티비를 보고 있어요. I m just watching TV. 강남 is a famous section of Seoul known for its wealth and plastic surgery centers. 오늘 강남에 가요. 지금 버스를 타고 있어요. I am going to Gangnam today. I am riding a bus now. 16 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between students studying Korean. A: 저는 내일 한국에 가요. 한국에 가 봤어요? B: 네, 가 봤어요. The past tense of BASIC + 보다 form, taught in section A: 언제 갔어요? 13-8, can also be translated as Have you ever (verb)ed B: 2010 년에 처음으로 갔어요. depending on the context. A: I am going to Korea tomorrow. Have you been to Korea? B: Yes, I have been. A: When did you go? B: I went for the first time in 2010.

301 288 KoreanFromZero.com 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: 오늘 밤에 나랑 같이 조지의 결혼식에 갈 수 있어요? B: 아니요, 가지 못해요. 아침 일찍 수업이 있어요. 조지에게 이미 말했어요. A: 알았어요. A: Can you go to George s wedding ceremony with me tonight? B: No, I am unable to go. I have a class early in the morning. I already told George. A: Okay. 16 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Casual conversation between classmates working on a school project. A: Can I use your laptop? B: No, I am using it right now. Ask George A: George, are you going to use your laptop now? My laptop is at home. Can I use yours? C: Yes, you can. Are you going to send an to your teacher? A: No, I will send it to my mother. In casual speech 야 A: 네 노트북을 쓸 수 있어? without 받침 and 아 with 받침 is added B: 아니, 지금 내가 쓰고 있어. 조지한테 물어봐. after names A: 조지야, 지금 노트북 쓸 거야? 내 노트북은 집에 있어. 네 것을 쓸 수 있어? C: 응, 써. 선생님한테 이메일 보낼 거야? A: 아니, 내 어머니한테 보낼 거야. Because this is a casual conversation you can use 네 것 to say yours. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: Can you read this Japanese? B: No, I am unable to read it. I am still studying Japanese. I am going to Japan next year. A: Is it your first time? B: No, I went to Japan last year too. A: Do you have time now? Shall we study with my Japanese friends? B: Really? Of course.

302 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Not being able to do 289 A: 이 일본어를 읽을 수 있어요? B: 아니요, 못 읽어요. 저는 아직 일본어를 공부하고 있어요. 내년에 일본에 갈 거예요. A: 처음이에요? B: 아니요, 작년에도 갔어요. A: 지금 시간이 있어요? 제 일본인 친구들이랑 공부 할까요? B: 정말요? 물론이에요. 3. Polite conversation between a boyfriend and girlfriend. A: Are you sleeping? B: No, I m not sleeping. A: I had a nightmare for the first time. Can you come to my house? B: I have work from early tomorrow. I m unable to go. A: 자고 있어요? B: 아니요, 안 자요. A: 처음으로 악몽을 꿨어요. 제 집에 올 수 있어요? B: 내일 일찍부터 일이 있어요. 못 가요. The verb to have a dream or nightmare is 꾸다. It s conjugated like 주다. 16 Sentence Building 문장 만들기 In each lesson we will build on a previous sentence. Watch it grow and transform each time new concepts are introduced. 제 친구가 처음으로 자전거를 타고 있어요. My friend is riding a bicycle for the first time. Compare how the sentence has changed from the prior lessons: Lesson 13: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받았어요. My friend received a different cell phone from his mother. Lesson 14: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받지 않았어요. My friend didn t get a different cell phone from his mother. Lesson 15: 제 친구가 어머니한테서 다른 핸드폰을 받을 수 없었어요. My friend couldn t get a different cell phone from his mother.

303 290 KoreanFromZero.com 16 Workbook Area A16-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New words for this comprehension: 기차표 (train station), 아이스크림 (ice cream) 1 제 남자친구는 저한테 기차표를 보냈어요. 2 아침 일찍 부산에 기차로 갔어요. 3 오늘 처음으로 남자친구하고 닭갈비를 먹을 거예요. 4 오늘 밤에도 같이 먹을 거예요. Dialogue A 씨: 몇 시에 닭갈비 먹을까요? B 씨: 아침 8 시 15 분에 부산에 도착할 거예요. A 씨: 오늘 밤에 단 것도 먹읍시다! B 씨: 좋아요. 아이스크림 먹읍시다. A16-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. A 씨는 부산에서 뭐를 처음으로 먹을 거예요? 2. A 씨랑 B 씨는 오늘 밤에 뭐를 먹을 거예요? 3. A 씨는 몇 시에 부산에 출발했어요?

304 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Workbook Area 291 A16-3. Fill in the blank Write in the appropriate Korean words to match the English sentence. 1. 지하철1 학교에 2 거예요. I will go home by subway 고양이1이 2에 3 있어요. There are a lot of cats at home 저는 1를 못 2요. I am unable to ride in an airplane 에 2 3요. I slept late last night 제가 1 한국어를 못 2요. I am unable to read Korean yet 에 2 해3요. Please answer your 를 2 3요? Are you unable to eat fish? 1 2 3

305 292 KoreanFromZero.com 를 안 3. I won t use these scissors 부터 2를 좋아3요. From the start I liked him 친구12 3 있어요. I am talking to my friends A16-5. Korean translation Translate the following conversation into English. 1. A: 어디에서 내렸어요? B: 아직 안 내렸어요. 지금도 버스를 타고 있어요. A: 여기에 늦게 도착할 거예요? B: 네, 아마 3 시에 도착할 거예요. A: B: A: B:

306 Korean From Zero! Lesson 16 Workbook Area Vocabulary Builder Group R: sports 스포츠 스포츠 탁구 농구 축구 야구 배구 수영 태권도 스타크래프트 sports ping pong, table tennis basketball soccer baseball volleyball swimming tae kwon do StarCraft StarCraft is a popular PC game that is even broadcast on TV in South Korea. Group S: colors 색깔 빨간색 파란색 노란색 검은색 흰색 갈색 분홍색 초록색 주황색 보라색 하늘색 red blue yellow black white brown pink green orange purple sky blue (light blue)

307 294 KoreanFromZero.com 16 Learning Korean Resource List There are a lot of great resources for learning Korean and sites that we enjoy with Korean related content. Here are some of the ones we like. KoreanFromZero.com There is a 100% free course of this book on the site. Also check out our YouTube channel. / Naver Korean Dictionary One of the best online K-E and E-K dictionaries. Seoul Language Academy Co-author of KFZ!, Mrs. Ham, currently teaches Korean here. Located near Gangnam station. Korean Digital Academy Classes you can book online and do over voice chat. Talk to me in Korean A great resource for video and audio Korean lessons. True Heart 101 This is a really funny channel with some Korean related videos. Dog Drip A site where Korean people post funny things and stories.

308 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors 295 Lesson 17: Wanting and Colors 17 Before This Lesson 1. Learn the words in vocabulary groups: R (sports) and S (colors) 2. Review the counters you have learned in prior lessons. Lesson Goals 1. Learn how to say all tenses of the want to verb form. 2. Learn how to use Korean colors as nouns and like adjectives. From The Teachers 1. This is the last lesson! Congratulations on making it all the way! Many people quit, where you have persevered. Good job! 수고 하셨습니다! Lesson Highlights 어느~ (which), 무슨~ (what), 어떤~ (what kind of) Korean color usage Wanting to ~고 싶다 Sentence connector words

309 296 KoreanFromZero.com 17 New Words 새로운 단어 무슨 어느 어떤 별로 더 색깔 동물 시합 와인 교육 노래방 노래 딸 아들 공 치마 역 최근 what~ which~ what kind of~, what type of~ not so~ much more color animal sports game, match wine education singing room (karaoke) song daughter son ball skirt station (train etc.) recently 17 Word Usage 단어 사용법 어느~ (which), 무슨~ (what), 어떤~ (what kind of) All of these words require a noun directly after them. Example sentences 1. 무슨 색깔을 좋아해요? What color do you like? 2. 무슨 음식을 싫어해요? What foods do you dislike? 3. 어떤 동물을 좋아해요? What kind of animals do you like? 4. 어떤 것을 샀어요? What type of things did you buy? 5. 어느 식당에 갔어요? Which restaurant did you go to? 6. 어느 것이 싸요? Which one is cheap?

310 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors 297 In Korean the one pronoun is 것. 것 also means thing 1. 매운 것을 주세요. Give me the spicy one please. 2. 비싼 것을 좋아해요. I like expensive things. 3. 어느 것을 좋아해요? Which one do you like? 별로 (not so~ much, not that much) 별로 is used before negative tense action and descriptive verbs to say, not so much or not that often. It isn t with positive tenses. 별로 lowers the frequency or amount if the verb. Example sentences 1. 오늘은 별로 춥지 않아요. Today isn t so cold. 2. 나는 사과를 별로 좋아하지 않아요. I don t like apples that much. 3. 미국에는 별로 안 가요. I don t go to America that often. 4. 농구 시합을 별로 안 봐요. I don t watch basketball matches often. 5. 파티에서 선물을 별로 받지 않았어요. I didn t get that many presents at the party 더 (more) Add 더 in front of any verb to say did more or will do more. Example sentences 1. 물 더 주세요. More water please. 2. 과일 더 샀어요. I bought more fruit. 3. 친구들이 더 왔어요. More friends came. 4. 고양이가 더 필요해요. I need more cats. 5. 더 필요했어요. I needed more. Counter words can also be added to the sentence. Example sentences 1. 와인 한 잔 더 주세요. One more glass of wine please. 2. 과일 세 개 더 샀어요. I bought three more pieces of fruit. 3. 친구들 다섯 명이 더 왔어요. Three more friends came. 4. 고양이 두 마리가 더 필요해요. I need two more cats 분이 더 필요했어요. I needed five more minutes.

311 298 KoreanFromZero.com 17 New Descriptive Verbs 새로운 형용사 Verb Basic English Type 중요하다 중요해 to be important 하다 아프다 아파 to be sick, to hurt regular 슬프다 슬퍼 to be sad regular 기쁘다 기뻐 to be happy regular 배고프다 배고파 to be hungry regular 배부르다 배불러 to be full 르 irregular 17 Descriptive Verb Usage 형용사 사용법 중요하다 (to be important) The item that is important is marked with the topic 은/는 or subject marker 이/가. Example sentences 1. 친구들은 너무 중요해요. Friends are very important. 2. 부모님이 아이한테 중요해요. Parents are important to children. 3. 한국 사람에게 교육이 중요해요. For Koreans education is important. 4. 학교에 중요한 사람이 올 거예요. An important person is coming to school. 5. 스타크래프트가 중요하지 않아요. StarCraft isn t important 아프다 (to be sick, to hurt) In Korean, being sick and, hurting are the same word. The item that hurts is marked with the topic or subject marker. Example sentences WE REQUIRE MORE MINERALS! 1. 제 머리가 아파요. My head hurts. 2. 아까 제 눈이 진짜 아팠어요. My eyes really hurt just now. 3. 제 할아버지는 아파요. My grandfather is sick. 4. 몸이 아파! My body hurts! 5. 팔꿈치가 아주 아파요. My elbow hurts a lot. 6. 저는 수요일까지 아팠어요. I was sick until Wednesday.

312 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors 기쁘다 (happy), 슬프다 (sad) These verbs can only be used to describe your own emotional state. In KFZ! book 2 we will learn how to use these verbs to describe other people s emotional state using phrases like He looks happy or I think she is happy etc. Example sentences 1. 저는 오늘 정말 기뻐요. I m really happy today. 2. 저는 지난주부터 슬퍼요. I am sad since last week. 3. 어제 기뻤어요. I was happy yesterday. 4. 아마 다음 주부터 제가 슬플 거예요. I ll probably be sad from next week 배고프다 (to be hungry), 배부르다 (to be full) 배고프다 (to be hungry) is a regular verb but 배부르다 (to be full) is a 르 irregular. NOTE: Review section 6-4 BASIC rule #5 for both of these verbs. Example sentences 1. 아침부터 배불러요. I am full from breakfast. 2. 배고파! I m hungry! 3. 어제 정말 배고팠어요. I was really hungry yesterday. 17 New Action Verbs 새로운 동사 Verb Basic English Type 연습하다 연습해 to practice 하다 노래하다 노래해 to sing 하다 만나다 만나 to meet regular 놀다 놀아 to play, hang out regular

313 300 KoreanFromZero.com 17 Verb Usage 동사 사용법 연습하다 (to practice), 노래하다 (to sing) The song you sing, or thing you practice is marked with the object marker 을/를. Example sentences 1. 저는 이 노래를 많이 연습했어요. 3. 저는 공원에서 매일 야구를 연습해요. I practiced this song a lot. I practice baseball everyday in the park. 2. 제 아버지는 노래 잘 해요. 4. 이 노래를 노래해 주세요. My father sings well. Please sing this song 만나다 (to meet) The person you are meeting with is marked with one of any of the three with markers 하고, 랑/이랑, 와/과 learned in section Example sentences 1. 어디에서 만날까요? Where shall we meet? 2. 처음에 어디에서 만났어요? Where did you meet the first time? 3. 내일 남자친구의 부모님하고 처음으로 만날 거예요. Tomorrow I will meet with my boyfriend s parents for the first time. 4. 다음 주 화요일에 선생님랑 몇 시에 만날 수 있어요? What time can you meet with the teacher next Friday? 놀다 (to play, hang out) 놀다 is not used to play a musical instrument. It s used to play, hang out, or get together with friends. You can use any of the with markers to say who you will play with. [person]와/과 놀다 to play / hang out with [person]

314 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors 301 Example sentences 1. 할아버지는 아이들과 놀고 있어요. Grandfather is playing with the children. 2. 어제 친구하고 새벽까지 놀았어요. Yesterday I hung out with friends until dawn. 3. 제 딸들은 친국의 집에서 놀고 있었어요. My daughters are playing at a friends house. 4. 내일 놀자. Let s hang out tomorrow. The want to form is taught in section 다음주에 친구랑 놀고 싶어요. Next week I want to hang out with my friends. 17 Grammar 문법 Korean color usage The color words are in Group S of the Vocabulary Builder section. The 색 part means color. The colors are all listed in their noun form, but some colors have multiple forms and versions. To keep it simple we will start by using the noun forms only. Example sentences (colors as nouns) 1. 나는 초록색을 좋아해요. I like green. 2. 제 차가 파란색이에요. My car is blue. 3. 축구공은 검은색과 흰색이에요. Soccer balls are black and white. You can use and between colors. 4. 이 사과는 빨간색이 아닙니다. This apple isn t red. 5. 아까 갈색 물고기 두 마리가 있었어요. Just now there were two brown fish.

315 302 KoreanFromZero.com Noun versions of the colors can be put in front of any noun to change the color of the noun. Example sentences (noun colors as modifiers) 1. 빨간색 차를 좋아해요. I like red cars. 2. 초록색 사과가 써요. Green apples are bitter. 3. 분홍색 치마가 필요해요. I need a pink skirt. 4. 보라색 포도가 맛있어요. Purple grapes taste good. 5. 어제 하늘색 자전거를 탔어요. Yesterday I rode a light blue bicycle. Example conversation A: 오늘 재미있는 택시를 탔어요. 색깔이 진짜 예뻤어요! B: 그 택시는 무슨 색깔이었어요? A: 분홍색하고 노란색이었어요. B: 저도 금요일에 비슷한 택시를 탔어요. A: Today I rode in an interesting taxi. The colors were beautiful. B: What color was that taxi? A: It was pink and yellow. B: I also rode in a similar taxi on Friday. Red, blue, yellow, black and white all have a special native Korean versions. Native Korean English Modifier version 빨갛다 red 빨간 파랗다 blue 파란 노랗다 yellow 노란 까맣다, 검다 black 까만, 검은 하얗다, 희다 white 하얀, 흰 Example sentences 1. 우리 대학교 앞에 빨간 차가 많아요. There are a lot of red cars in front of my college. 2. 병원에 하얀 것이 많아요. There are a lot of white things in hospitals. 3. 지난 주 토요일에 검은 컴퓨터를 샀어요. I bought a black computer last Saturday.

316 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors Please don t do this ~지 마세요 In section 15-9 we learned Please do. ~지 마세요 means the opposite, Please don t do. (STEM) + 지 마세요. Please (verb). Example sentences 1. 가지 마세요. Please don t go. 2. 오지 마세요. Please don t come. 3. 사지 마세요. Please don t buy it. 4. 하지 마세요. Please don t do it. 5. 먹지 마세요. Please don t eat it. ~지 마세요 is polite, but you can make it casual / strong / rude by dropping the 세요. Example sentences 1. 가지 마! Don t go! 2. 먹지 마! Don t eat it! 3. 자지 마! Don t sleep! 4. 보지 마! Don t look! Wanting to ~고 싶다 Have you wanted to say I want to eat., or I want to play.? Well now you can! This form is created by adding ~고 싶다 after the verb STEM.

317 304 KoreanFromZero.com Just like with prior verb tense changes, we are going to consider STEM + 고 싶다 as a completely new verb. Using the patterns we know, we can now make future, past, negative tenses of the 고 싶다 portion. Example sentences 1. 단 것을 먹고 싶어요. I want to eat something sweet. 2. 맥주를 마시고 싶지 않아요. Please don t come. 3. 어제 영화를 보고 싶었어요. I wanted to see a movie yesterday. 4. 전화를 받고 싶지 않았어요. I didn t want to answer the phone. 5. 진짜 자고 싶어요! I really want to sleep. 6. 강남역에서 내리고 싶어요. I want to get off at Gangnam station. 7. 작년부터 한국어 배우고 싶었어요. I wanted to learn Korean from last year. In Korea, the verb 원하다 means, to want a~. It is used when you want a noun. For example, I want money. etc. However, this structure is not as broadly used in Korean as it is in English. Many students of Korean assume 원하다 is used like the English I want a~. This is not the case. 원하다 has a much deeper meaning. It s more like a hoping for or longing for something. Typically when English speakers say, I want a car, Koreans will say 차를 사고 싶어요 (I want to buy a car.) instead. You should fight the instinct to say I want a~ and instead use the most appropriate verb.

318 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors Sentence connector words Welcome, to the last grammar section in the entire book! In this section we learn how to connect two sentences together. This is done by using a word in front of the second sentence that gives it relation to the first one. Here are the words you need to know: 하지만 그리고 그래서 but, however and then so, therefore, that s why These words are normally only said BETWEEN sentences. It s okay to have a pause if required after the connector word. Example sentences 1. 배불러요. 하지만 더 먹고 싶어요. I am full. But I want to eat more. 2. 일월에 처음으로 한국에 갔어요. 그리고, 중국에도 갔어요. I went to Korea for the first time in January. And then I went to China too. 3. 최근 별로 공부하지 않았어요. 그래서 제 성적이 안 좋아요. Recently I haven t studied much. That s why my grades aren t good. 17 Question and Answer 질문과 대답 1. 언제 조지를 만날 거예요? When are you going to meet George? 조지를 별로 만나고 싶지 않아요. I don t want to meet him that much. 별로 should come just prior to the verb. 어제 이미 만났어요. 우리는 치킨을 너무 많이 먹었어요. 그래서 케이크를 못 먹었어요. I already met him yesterday. We ate too much chicken. So we were unable to eat cake. 만날 수 없었어요. 조지는 아파요. 그래서 다음 주에 만날 거예요. I couldn t meet him. He is sick. So I am going to meet him next week.

319 306 KoreanFromZero.com 2. 축구를 연습하고 싶어요? Do you want to practice soccer? 네, 하고 싶어요. 하지만 이 장소는 너무 작아요. Yes, I want to practice. But this place is too small. 별로 안 하고 싶어요. 저는 야구를 연습하고 싶어요. No, I don t want to that much. I want to practice baseball. 아니요, 안 하고 싶어요. 아침밥을 못 먹었어요. 그래서 저는 너무 배고파요. 아침밥이 중요해요. No, I don t want to. I was unable to eat breakfast. So I am really hungry. I need breakfast. 3. 너랑 놀고 싶어. 시간 있어? I want to hang out with you. Do you have time? 노래방에서 노래할 거예요. 같이 갈까요? I am going to sing at karaoke. Shall we go together? 아니, 없어. 3 시에 중요한 농구 시합이 있어. 농구 연습할거야. 하지만 4 시에는 같이 놀 수 있어. No, I don t. I have an important basketball game at 3 o clock. I ll practice basketball. But, we can hang out together at 4 o clock. 응, 있어. 나 너무 배고파. 우리 점심밥 먹을까? Yes, I do. I am so hungry. Shall we eat lunch? 4. 저는 내일 영국에 가요. 그리고 프랑스도 갈 거예요. 너무 기뻐요. I m going to England tomorrow. And then, I will go to France too. I am very happy. 언제 다시 올 거예요? 저도 같이 가고 싶어요. When are you going to come here again? I want to go there with you. 영국이랑 프랑스에 비행기로 갈 거예요? Will you go to England and France by airplane? 거기에서 뭐 할 거예요? 중요한 시합이 있어요? What are you going to do there? Do you have an important game?

320 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Wanting and Colors 기분이 어때요? How are you feeling? 기분 means mood or feelings. 저는 돈이 없어요. 저녁밥을 먹을 수 없었어요. 그래서 너무 슬퍼요. I don t have money. I couldn t eat dinner. So I am very sad. 저는 수학 시험에서 A 를 받았어요. 그래서 정말 기뻐요. I got an A on my math test. So I am really happy. 17 Conversation 대화 K-E 1. Polite conversation between friends at a chicken and beer restaurant. A: 닭갈비 먹어 봤어요? B: 아니요, 아직 안 먹어 봤어요. 정말 먹고 싶어요. 먹어 봤어요? 매워요? A: 아니요, 별로 안 매워요. B: 지금 먹을까요? A: Did you try the chicken ribs? B: No, I didn t try them yet. I really want to eat them. Did you try them? Are they spicy? A: No, they weren t that spicy. B: Shall we eat some now? 2. Polite conversation between friends in search of relief. A: 화장실에 가고 싶어요. 어디에 화장실이 있어요? B: 저 빨간 문이 화장실이에요. 하지만 그 화장실에 가지 마세요. 거기에 화장지가 없어요. A: 오, 그럼 편의점은 어디에 있어요? B: 저기에 있어요. 같이 갑시다. 저도 화장지가 필요해요. A: I want to go to the bathroom. Where is the bathroom? B: The red door over there is the bathroom. But don t go to that restroom. There is no toilet paper there. A: Oh, then where is a convenience store? B: It s over there. Let s go together. I need toilet paper too.

321 308 KoreanFromZero.com 3. Polite conversation between friends. A: 오늘 일하고 싶지 않아요. 눈이 많이 오고 있어요. B: 사장님한테 전화해 봐요. 아마 오늘 쉴 수 있을 거예요. A: 지금 사장님은 제 전화를 받을 수 없어요. 방콕에 있어요. A: I don t want to work today. It s snowing too much. B: Try calling the president of your company. Maybe you will be able to take a break today. A: The president is unable to answer my call right now. He is in Bangkok. 17 Conversation 대화 E-K 1. Casual conversation between a hungry friend and a glutton. A: I am not that full. I want to eat more. B: You ate all my food. So I was unable to eat. A: But I am still hungry. Let s buy delicious food at that store over there. B: Buy it. A: 나 별로 배부르지 않아. 더 먹고 싶어. B: 네가 내 음식을 다 먹었어. 그래서 나는 못 먹었어. A: 하지만 나는 아직 배고파. 저 가게에서 맛있는 음식을 사자. B: 사 봐. Remember that 네 is pronounced 니 when speaking. 2. Polite conversation between friends. A: 너무 배고파요. 아침부터 지금까지 먹지 못했어요. B: 지금 저녁밥을 먹을까요? A: 지금 못 먹어요. 할머니가 집에 올 거예요. B: 괜찮아요. 내일 먹읍시다. A: I am really hungry. I wasn t able to eat from morning until now. B: Shall we eat dinner now? A: I m unable to eat now. My grandmother is coming to my home. B: It s okay. Let s eat tomorrow.

322 Korean From Zero! Lesson 17 Workbook Area Workbook Area A17-1. Reading comprehension At your current level, you should understand all of the grammar and words in the following sections. If you are struggling to understand them, review this and prior lessons. New word for this comprehension: 완전히 (completely) 1 제 집은 서울에 있어요. 2 다음 주에 남자친구와 제주도에서 놀 거예요. 3 서울하고 제주도는 완전히 달라요. 4 제주도에는 착한 사람이 많아요. 5 그리고 바다가 너무 예뻐요. 6 제주도의 바다에서 수영하고 싶어요. Dialogue A 씨: 너 어디야? B 씨: 지금 남자친구랑 비행기를 타고 있어. 아직 출발 안 했어. A 씨: 부모님한테 말했어? B 씨: 아니, 안 했어. 부모님한테 말하지 마. A17-2. Reading comprehension questions Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in the prior section. 1. 이 사람들은 어디에 가고 있어요? 2. 여자친구는 부모님한테 말했어요? 3. B 씨는 누구랑 같이 제주도에 가요?

323 310 KoreanFromZero.com Answer Key

324 Korean From Zero! Answer Key 311 Lesson A: Hangul Matching 매 reo 다 do 도 gu 루 ma 마 mae 내 ru 러 da 고 go 구 nae Lesson B: Hangul Matching 시 jeo 슈 shi 오 che 체 ja 브 se 요 shu 자 beu 저 o 세 yo Lesson C: Hangul Matching 히 teu 파 pa 와 hi 커 yae 트 gye 얘 keo 랴 rya 계 hwa 화 wa Lesson D: Hangul Matching 돼 sshi 짜 wi 빠 mwo 씨 dwae 꼬 dwi 위 ppa 뭐 jja 뒤 gwi 귀 kko

325 312 KoreanFromZero.com --- LESSON 2 ANSWERS --- A2-1. Korean VS Chinese number practice Korean: 열둘 Chinese: 십이 Korean: 마흔셋 Chinese: 사십삼 Korean: 스물아홉 Chinese: 이십구 Korean: 쉰다섯 Chinese: 오십오 Korean: 열여섯 Chinese: 십육 Korean: 스물 Chinese: 이십 --- LESSON 3 ANSWERS --- A3-1. Korean VS Chinese number practice years old 열아홉 살 years old 마흔한 살 years old 스물두 살 years old 스무 살 years old 서른여섯 살 years old 스물여덟 살 7. 5 years old 다섯 살 years old 예순일곱 살 --- LESSON 4 ANSWERS --- A4-1. Questions to you 1. Are you Minsu Park? Possible answers A) 아니요 B) 박민수가 아닙니다. A4-2. Sentence Jumble 1. 개입니다. / 개예요. 책입니까? 책이에요? 아니요. 차입니다. / 차예요. 2. 사과입니다. / 사과예요. 바나나입니까? 바나나예요? 아니요. 버스입니다. / 버스예요. A4-3. Picture question and answer 1. What is it? 개입니다. / 개예요. 2. Is this a nose? 아니요, 입입니다 / 입이에요. 3. Is this Minsu Park? 아니요, 김준호 씨입니다 / 김준호 씨예요. 4. What is it? (this) 사과입니다 / 사과예요.

326 Korean From Zero! Answer Key LESSON 5 ANSWERS --- A5-1. Sentence Jumble 1. 이것은 버섯입니까? / 이것은 버섯이에요? 그것은 고기가 아닙니다. /그것은 고기가 아니에요. 야채는 뭐예요? / 야채는 뭐입니까? 2. 어느 나라 사람입니까 / 이에요? 미국 사람입니다 / 이에요. 한국 사람이 아닙니다 / 아니에요. 3. 이것은 오이가 아니에요. 발은 다리가 아니에요. 그것은 코예요. A5-2. Picture question and answer 1. What is this? 이것은 고양이입니다. 이것은 고양이예요. 고양이예요. 2. Is this a cat? 아니요, 귤입니다. 아니요, 귤이에요. 귤이에요. 3. What is it? 강아지예요. 강아지입니다. 개예요. 개입니다. 4. Is this a nose? 아니요, 입입니다. 아니요, 입이에요, 아니요. 5. Is this meat? 아니요, 과일이에요. 6. What is it? 차예요. A5-3. Korean translation 1. A: What is this? B: That is meat. A: Is that a car over there? B: No, it is a bus. A5-4. English translation 1. A: 고양이예요? B: 아니요, 강아지예요. A: 그는 박민수 씨예요? B: 네, 맞아요.

327 314 KoreanFromZero.com --- LESSON 6 ANSWERS --- A6-1. Reading comprehension 1 Bananas are fruit. 2 Fruit is delicious. 3 Juice is sweet. 4 Melons are big. A: Is it a banana? B: No it s a tangerine. A: Does it taste good? B: Yes, it s sweet. A6-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. Is juice sweet? 네, 달아요. 2. Are tangerines salty. 아니요, 달아요. 3. Are melons small? 아니요, 커요. A6-3. Sentence Jumble Different verb conjugations are acceptable in answers. 1. 이 사람은 대학생입니다. 저 과일은 맛있어요. 그 선생님은 대학생이 아닙니다. 2. 이 양말은 비싸요. 그 고기는 맛있어요. 과일은 써요. 3. 이 바나나는 달아요. 날씨가 좋아요. 그 영화는 재미있어요. A6-4. Korean translation 1. A: What is this? B: That is pizza A: Is it delicious? B: No, it is salty. A6-5. English translation 1. A: 버섯이에요? B: 아니요, 멜론이에요. A: 달아요? B: 아니요, 써요. A6-6. Basic form drill 1. A) 기쁘 B) ㅡ C) 뻐 D) 기뻐 E) rule 5 2. A) 느리 B) ㅣ C) no D) 느려 E) rule 2 3. A) 늦 B) ㅡ C) yes D) 늦어 E) rule 4

328 Korean From Zero! Answer Key LESSON 7 ANSWERS --- A7-1. Reading comprehension 1 My sibling s girlfriend s name is Jenny. 2 Jenny is a college student. 3 She is English. 4 She is 20 years old. A: Who is this girl? B: It s my younger brother s girlfriend Jenny. A: She s a foreigner? Which nationality is she? B: She is English. A7-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. What nationality is Jenny? 영국 사람이에요. 2. Is my sibling s girlfriend s name Seona? 아니요. 제니예요. 3. Is Jenny 30 years old? 아니요. 스무 살이에요. A7-3. Sentence Jumble Different verb conjugations are acceptable in answers. 1. 제 성적은 나빠요. 이 커피는 차가워요. 이름이 뭐예요. 2. 그녀가 제 선생님입니다. 제 남동생의 이름이 선호입니다. 날씨가 더워요. 3. 그녀의 방이 작아요. 제 어머니의 차는 도요타입니다. 저 국은 맛있어요. A7-4. Korean translation 1. A: Is this coffee hot? B: No, it is cold. A: Is the weather hot? B: No, it is cold. A7-5. English translation 1. A: 이 잡지는 누구의 것이에요? B: 제 것이에요. A: 이 도요타는 누구의 것이에요? B: 제 친구의 차예요. A7-6. BASIC form drill 1. A) 더럽 B) ㅂ C) 워 D) 더러워 2. A) 슬프 B) ㅡ C) 퍼 D) 슬퍼 E) rule 5 3. A) 흐리 B) ㅣ C) no D) 흐려 E) rule 2 4. A) 넓 B) ㅓ C) yes D) 넓어 E) rule 4 5. A) 바쁘 B) ㅡ C) 빠 D) 바빠 E) rule 5

329 316 KoreanFromZero.com --- LESSON 8 ANSWERS --- A8-1. Reading comprehension 1 There is a banana next to the book. 2 That book is Minsu s book. 3 Where is Minsu s magazine? 4 It s not in the bag. A: Is the book on top of the chair? B: No, it s not there. A: Where is the magazine? B: It s next to the apple. A8-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. Is the magazine next to the banana? 아니요, 사과 옆에 있어요. 2. Is the magazine in the bag? 아니요, 사과 옆에 있어요. 3. Whose book is this book? 민수 씨의 책이에요. A8-3. Sentence Jumble Different verb conjugations are acceptable in answers. 1. 제 양말은 책상 위에 있어요. 그의 숙제는 쉬워요. 네, 오빠가 있어요. 2. 그녀는 병원에 있어요. 귤은 의자 뒤에 있어요. 선생님은 교실에 있어요? 3. 그의 누나는 어디에 있어요? 너는 개가 있어? 그녀는 숙제가 없어요. A8-4. Korean translation 1. A: Where is Seonhee s bag? B: It s next to the desk. A: Is this homework easy? B: No, it is hard. A8-5. English translation 1. A: 의자 있어요? B:아니요, 없어요. A: 어머니는 방에 있어요? B: 네, 있어요.

330 Korean From Zero! Answer Key LESSON 9 ANSWERS --- A9-1. Reading comprehension 1 Next to my school there is a movie theater. 2 Kelly has 2 movie tickets. 3 2 movie tickets is 17,000 won. 4 Popcorn is 5,000 won. A: Hello. B: 3 movie tickets please. How much is it? A: It s 25,500 won. B: 2 popcorns please. A: Okay. A9-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. How many movie tickets does Jenny have? 두 장 있어요. 2. How much is the popcorn? 오천 원이에요. 3. Is there a movie theater next to the airport? 아니요, 학교 옆에 있어요. A9-3. Sentence Jumble Different verb conjugations are acceptable in answers. 1. 이 맥주는 맛없어. 제 차는 빨라요. / 저의 차는 빨라요. 물을 주세요. 2. 음식 오 인분을 주세요. 제 아버지는 재미없어요. 개가 열 마리 있어요. 3. 맥주가 있어요? 이 학교에 백 명 있어요. 네 남동생이 너무 귀여워요. A9-4. Korean translation 1. A: How much is one piece of candy? B: It s 1000 won. A: Give me 5 please. B: It s 5,000 won. A9-5. English translation 1. A: 이 김밥은 맛있어요? B: 아니요, 너무 짜요. A: 그럼, 계란 세개 주세요. B: 세 개 없어요. 두 개 있어요. A9-6. BASIC form drill 1. A) 어렵 B) ㅂ C) 워 D) 어려워 2. A) 빠르 B) ㅡ C) 라 D) ㄹ E) 빨라 3. A) 머무르 B) ㅡ C) 러 D) ㄹ E) 머물러 4. A) 입 B) ㅣ C) yes D) 입어 E) rule 4 5. A) 가르치 B) ㅣ C) no D) 가르쳐 E) rule 2

331 318 KoreanFromZero.com --- LESSON 10 ANSWERS --- A10-1. Reading comprehension 1 Ricky goes to Mexico every July. 2 He has many friends and family in Mexico. 3 Ricky s father is Mexican. 4 Mexico is very beautiful. A: Junho when will you go to Mexico? B: I will go in July. A: What day of the week will you go? B: I will go on Monday. A10-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. When will Junho go to Mexico? 월요일에 갈 거예요. 2. What nationality is Ricky s father? 멕시코 사람이에요. 3. Who is there a lot of in Mexico? 친구와 가족이 많아요. A10-3. Sentence Jumble Different verb conjugations are acceptable in answers. 1. 제 친구는 금요일에 서울에 올 거예요. 저는 내일 절에 갈 거예요. 금요일과 토요일에 서울에 갔어요. 2. 십일월은 더울 거예요? 이 국은 너무 뜨거워! 제 친구의 집에 갔어요. 3. 어제 약국에 갔어요. 매년 삼월에 어머니가 여기에 와요. 이 숙제는 정말 어려워요. A10-4. Korean translation 1. A: When is your test? B: It s on Wednesday. A: Are your grades good now? B: No they are bad. A10-5. English translation 1. A: 남동생은 몇 월에 호주에 갔어요? B: 십이월에 갔어요. A: 매년 십이월에 가요? B: 네, 매년 십이월과 오월에 가요. --- LESSON 11 ANSWERS --- A11-1. Reading comprehension 1 This Thursday is Junho s birthday. 2 Junho s birthday is January 4. 3 This year he is 24 years old. 4 That computer over there is Junho s birthday present.

332 Korean From Zero! Answer Key 319 A: When is Junho s birthday? B: It s this Thursday. A: Will you be going to his party. B: Yes, I will go with my older sister. A11-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. How old is Junho. 스물네살이에요. 2. Is Junho s birthday present a bed? 아니요. 컴퓨터예요. 3. Is Junho s birthday on Friday? 아니요, 목요일이에요. A11-3. Date challenge 1. 천구백구십삼년 시월 삼십일일 2. 천구백팔십팔년 사월 오일 3. 천구백육십구년 칠월 이십일. 4. 이천년 일월 일일 5. 이천이십년 팔월 십오일 6. 이천십오년 오월 이십삼일 A11-4. Time challenge 1. 네 시 2. 여섯 시 오 분 3. 일곱 시 오십 분 4. 두 시 삼십 분 / 두 시 반 5. 열두 시 이십 분 6. 여덟 시 오십이 분 A11-5. Korean translation 1. A: What did you eat on New Year s Day B: I ate rice cakes. A: Did they taste good? B: No. They tasted really bad. A11-6. English translation 1. A: 다음 달에 제 결혼식에 올 거예요? B: 네, 여자친구하고 같이 갈 거예요. 며칠이에요? A: 십오일 오후 세 시예요. B: 결혼식에서 많이 먹을 거예요. --- LESSON 12 ANSWERS --- A12-1. Reading comprehension 1 Junho Kim needs new furniture. 2 He doesn t have a lot of money. 3 At the store, there is a lot of cheap furniture. 4 Junho Kim doesn t like expensive furniture. A: When are you buying a big bed? B: I don t know. I don t have money now. A: There is probably a lot of cheap furniture at that store over there. B: Are you going now? A: No. Today I have class.

333 320 KoreanFromZero.com A12-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. Does Junho Kim need an air conditioner? 아니요. 침대가 필요해요. 2. Is there not cheap furniture at the store. 아니요. 싼 가구가 많이 있어요. 3. Did Junho Kim go to the store today? 아니요. 수업이 있어요. / 수업에 갔어요. / 수업에 갈 거예요. A12-3. Fill in the blank 1. 1 한국 2 매운 3 있어 2. 1 는 2 조용한 3 필요 3. 1 과일 2 너무 3 비싸 4. 1 중국 2 하고 3 시끄러워 5. 1 여동생 2 귀여운 3 좋아 6. 1 다리 2 짧아 7. 1 학교 2 에서 3 멀어 8. 1 남자 2 착해 9. 1 부모님 2 것 3 싫어 뒤 2 큰 3 요 --- LESSON 13 ANSWERS --- A13-1. Reading comprehension 1 My younger brother called me. 2 I had a class. 3 Now it s 4:00 in the afternoon. 4 I have a meeting at 8:00. A: Did you call? I had a class. B: I will go to your school at 7:30. Are you going to eat dinner with me? A: No. I have a meeting at 8:00. B: Understood. Call me. A13-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. What time is there a meeting? 여덟 시에 미팅이 있어요. 2. Is it 7:30 right now? 아니요. 아직 일곱 시가 아니에요. (We know this because he hasn t gone to the school yet.) 3. Who called? 남동생이 전화했어요. A13-3. Fill in the blank 1. 1 남동생 2 에게 or 한테 3 줬어 2. 1 에게서 2 선물 3 받았어 3. 1 아침 2 에게 or 한테 3 전화 4. 1 지난주 2 에게 3 줬어 5. 1 매운 2 볼 6. 1 사 7. 1 이 2 를 3 마셔 8. 1 친구 2 에게 3 많이 9. 1 내일 2 에게서 3 받을 이미 2 고기 3 봤어

334 Korean From Zero! Answer Key 321 A13-4. Korean translation 1. A: I will go to London with my older sister next week. B: Did you already buy an airline ticket? A: No, my parents gave me money yesterday. I will buy them today. --- LESSON 14 ANSWERS --- A14-1. Reading comprehension 1 On Sunday, I won t go to work. 2 I will go to the park with a friend. 3 Today isn t cold. 4 We will depart at 11 am. A: Are you going to work today? B: No, today I m not going to work. A: Shall we go to the park? B: Nice. Shall we depart at 11 am? A14-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. What time are they going to the park? 11 시에 가요. 2. Is today cold? 아니요. 춥지 않아요. 3. What time is he/she going to work? 회사에 가지 않을 거예요. A14-3. Fill in the blank 1. 1 같이 2 공원 3 자 2. 1 우리 2 하고 / 랑 / 와 3 까 3. 1 가족 2 오후 3 않았어 4. 1 지금 2 에서 3 쉬어 5. 1 같이 2 에서 3 하자 / 합시다 6. 1 커피 2 뜨겁지 7. 1 저 2 에서 3 쉴까 8. 1 가족 2 몰라 9. 1 볼 까요 오후 2 에 3 출발 학교 2 에 대해 3 공부 내 2 일 3 을 거예요 A14-4. Korean translation 1. A: What time is mother going to arrive at school? B: I don t know. Did you call mom? A: No, I didn t call her. B: Let s call her now. A14-5. English translation 1. A: 미국 역사에 대해 몰라요. 당신은 알아요? B: 몰라요. 지금은 학교에서 중국에 대해 공부해요. A: 중국은 재미있어요? B: 아니요, 재미없어요. --- LESSON 15 ANSWERS ---

335 322 KoreanFromZero.com A15-1. Reading comprehension 1 I called my friend just now. 2 Next month I will be going from Korea to Berlin. 3 From last month I started German language studies. 4 Even now, German is hard for me. A: I can t arrive in Berlin by 3 pm. B: What time will you arrive? A: I don t know. I will probably arrive at 5:00. B: Got it. A15-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. Will Mr. A arrive in Berlin at 3 pm. 아니요. 도착할 수 없어요. 2. Since when did Mr. A start studying German? 지난달부터 시작했어요. 3. From where to where is Mr. A going? 한국부터 베를린까지 갈 거예요. A15-3. Fill in the blank 1. 오후 5 시에 영화가 시작해요. 2. 제 수업은 오전에 시작할 거예요. 3. 그는 나에게 생일을 물어봤어요. 4. 선생님한테서 이메일을 받았어요. 5. 그에게 전화번호를 줄 수 없었어요. 6. 어제 음악을 들었어요. 7. 이 맥주를 마실 수 있어요? 8. 사랑할 수 없어요. 9. 부모님은 늦은 밤에 집에 올 거예요. 10. 이 긴 길은 남자친구와 같이 걸었어요. A15-4. Korean translation 1. A: Today I m going to the ocean with my friend. Will you go with me? B: What time are you going? A: I m going at 2 o clock. B: I can t go. My class starts at 1 o clock. A15-5. Korean translation 1. A: 지금 뭐해요? B: 싸이의 음악을 들어요. A: 정말 싸이를 좋아해요. 그의 음악이 재미있어요. 저한테 음악을 줄 수 있어요? B: 네, 줄 수 있어요. --- LESSON 16 ANSWERS --- A16-1. Reading comprehension 1 My boyfriend sent me a train ticket. 2 I went to Busan early morning by subway. 3 Today I will eat chicken ribs with my boyfriend for the first time. 4 We will eat together tonight also. A: What time shall we eat chicken ribs? B: I will arrive in Busan at 8:15 in the morning. A: This evening let s eat something sweet too. B: Sounds good. Let s eat ice cream.

336 Korean From Zero! Answer Key 323 A16-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. What will Ms. A eat for the first time in Busan. 닭갈비를 먹을 거예요. 2. What will Ms. A and Mr. B eat tonight? 단 것을 먹을 거예요. / 아이스크림을 먹을 거예요. 3. What time did Ms. A depart from Busan? 몰라요. A16-3. Fill in the blank 1. 지하철로 학교에 갈 거예요. 2. 고양이들이 집에 많이 있어요. 3. 저는 비행기를 못 타요. 4. 어젯밤에 늦게 잤어요. 5. 제가 아직 한국어를 못 읽어요. 6. 이메일에 대답해 주세요. 7. 물고기를 못 먹어요? 8. 이 가위를 안 쓸 거예요. 9. 처음부터 그를 좋아했어요. 10. 친구들에게 말하고 있어요. A16-4. Korean translation 1. A: Where did you get off at? B: I didn t get off yet. Even now I am riding on a bus. A: Are you going to arrive here late? B: I ll probably arrive at 3 o clock. --- LESSON 17 ANSWERS --- A17-1. Reading comprehension 1 My house is in Seoul. 2 Next week, I will play on Jeju island with my boyfriend. 3 Seoul and Jeju island are completely different. 4 On Jeju island there are a lot of kind people. 5 And, the beach is very pretty. 6 I want to swim at Jeju island s beach. A: Where are you? B: I m on an airplane with my boyfriend. We haven t departed yet. A: Did you tell your parents? B: No, I didn t. Don t tell my parents. A17-2. Reading comprehension questions 1. Where are these people going? 제주도에 가고 있어요. 2. Did the girlfriend tell her parents? 아니요. 말하지 않았어요. 3. Who is Ms. B going with to Jeju island? 남자친구랑 갈 거예요.

337 324 KoreanFromZero.com Verb Reference Guide Dictionary Form This is the form of the verb found in the dictionary. There are also uses for it in speaking and a variety of grammar structures use it. Basic Form From section 6-4 and above this is taught. It s the glue of many grammar structures in Korean. Without further conjugation it can be used AS IS to be a command, future tense, and also present tense based on the context of the sentence it s used in. Verb Type Action verbs are things that are DONE. Descriptive verbs are adjectives. They describe characteristics of things. English Dictionary Form Basic Form Verb Type Lesson to answer 대답하다 대답해 action 15 to arrive 도착하다 도착해 action 14 to ask 묻다 물어 action 15 to be a lot, many 많다 많아 descriptive 8 to be bad 나쁘다 나빠 descriptive 6 to be big 크다 커 descriptive 6 to be bitter 쓰다 써 descriptive 6 to be black 검다 검은 descriptive 17 to be blue 파랗다 파란 descriptive 17 to be cheap 싸다 싸 descriptive 6 to be close 가깝다 가까워 descriptive 12 to be cold (weather) 춥다 추워 descriptive 7 to be cold to the touch 차갑다 차가워 descriptive 7 to be cute 귀엽다 귀여워 descriptive 9 to be different 다르다 달라 descriptive 12 to be difficult 어렵다 어려워 descriptive 8 to be easy 쉽다 쉬워 descriptive 8 to be expensive 비싸다 비싸 descriptive 6 to be far 멀다 멀어 descriptive 12 to be fast 빠르다 빨라 descriptive 9

338 Korean From Zero! Verb Reference Guide 325 to be full 배부르다 배불러 descriptive 17 to be good, nice 좋다 좋아 descriptive 6 to be happy 기쁘다 기뻐 descriptive 17 to be hot (weather) 덥다 더워 descriptive 7 to be hot to the touch 뜨겁다 뜨거워 descriptive 7 to be hungry 배고프다 배고파 descriptive 17 to be important 중요하다 중요해 descriptive 17 to be interesting, fun 재미있다 재미있어 descriptive 6 to be kind, nice 착하다 착해 descriptive 8 to be long 길다 길어 descriptive 12 to be loud 시끄럽다 시끄러워 descriptive 12 to be pretty, beautiful 예쁘다 예뻐 descriptive 8 to be quiet 조용하다 조용해 descriptive 12 to be red 빨갛다 빨간 descriptive 17 to be sad 슬프다 슬퍼 descriptive 17 to be salty 짜다 짜 descriptive 6 to be short 짧다 짧아 descriptive 12 to be sick, to hurt 아프다 아파 descriptive 17 to be similar 비슷하다 비슷해 descriptive 12 to be small 작다 작아 descriptive 6 to be spicy 맵다 매워 descriptive 8 to be sweet 달다 달아 descriptive 6 to be tasteless 맛없다 맛없어 descriptive 9 to be tasty, delicious 맛있다 맛있어 descriptive 6 to be the same 같다 같아 descriptive 12 to be uninteresting 재미없다 재미없어 descriptive 9 to be white 하얗 하얀 descriptive 17 to be white 희다 흰 descriptive 17 to be yellow 노랗다 노란 descriptive 17 to be, to exist, to have 있다 있어 action 8 to buy 사다 사 action 11 to come 오다 와 descriptive 10 to depart 출발하다 출발해 action 14 to dislike 싫어하다 싫어해 action 12 to do 하다 해 action 12

339 326 KoreanFromZero.com to drink 마시다 마셔 action 11 to eat 먹다 먹어 action 11 to get off 내리다 내려 action 16 to give 주다 줘 action 13 to go 가다 가 descriptive 10 to know 알다 알아 action 13 to learn 배우다 배워 action 15 to like 좋아하다 좋아해 action 12 to listen, hear 듣다 들어 action 15 to love 사랑하다 사랑해 action 12 to meet 만나다 만나 action 17 to need 필요하다 필요해 descriptive 12 to not exist, to not have 없다 없어 action 8 to not know 모르다 몰라 action 13 to not need 필요없다 필요없어 descriptive 12 to phone 전화하다 전화해 action 13 to play, hang out 놀다 놀아 action 17 to practice 연습하다 연습해 action 17 to read 읽다 읽어 action 15 to receive, to get 받다 받아 action 13 to ride 타다 타 action 16 to see, to watch 보다 봐 action 11 to send 보내다 보내 action 16 to sing 노래하다 노래해 action 17 to sleep 자다 자 action 16 to speak, tell, talk 말하다 말해 action 16 to start, to begin 시작하다 시작해 action 15 to study 공부하다 공부해 action 12 to swim 수영하다 수영해 action 15 to take a break 쉬다 쉬어 action 14 to use 쓰다 써 action 16 to wake up 일어나다 일어나 action 16 to walk 걷다 걸어 action 15 to work 일하다 일해 action 14 to write 쓰다 써 action 16

340 English-Korean Glossary 327

341 328 KoreanFromZero.com Glossary E-K

342 English-Korean Glossary 329 1, one 하나, 일 2, two 둘, 이 3, three 셋, 삼 4, four 넷, 사 5, five 다섯, 오 6, six 여섯, 육 7, seven 일곱, 칠 8, eight 여덟, 팔 9, nine 아홉, 구 10, ten 열, 십 11, eleven 열하나, 십일 12, twelve 열둘, 십이 13, thirteen 열셋, 십삼 14, fourteen 열넷, 십사 15, fifteen 열다섯, 십오 16, sixteen 열여섯, 십육 17, seventeen 열일곱, 십칠 18, eighteen 열여덟, 십팔 19, nineteen 열아홉, 십구 20, twenty 스물, 이십 21, twenty one 스물하나, 이십일 22, twenty two 스물둘, 이십이 23, twenty three 스물셋, 이십삼 24, twenty four 스물넷, 이십사 25, twenty five 스물다섯, 이십오 26, twenty six 스물여섯, 이십육 27, twenty seven 스물일곱, 이십칠 28, twenty eight 스물여덟, 이십팔 29, twenty nine 스물아홉, 이십구 30, thirty 서른, 삼십 40, forty 마흔, 사십 50, fifty 쉰, 오십 60, sixty 예순, 육십 70, seventy 일흔, 칠십 80, eighty 여든, 팔십 90, ninety 아흔, 구십 afternoon 오후 again 다시 air conditioning 에어컨 airline ticket 비행기표 airplane 비행기 airport 공항 America 미국 American person 미국 사람 and then 그리고 animal 동물 apartment 아파트 apple 사과 April 사월 arm 팔 August 팔월 Australia 호주 Australian person 호주 사람 automobile 자동차 baby 아기 back 등 bad 나쁘다 bag 가방 ball 공 banana 바나나 Bangkok, Thailand 방콕 bank 은행 baseball 야구 basketball 농구 bathroom 화장실 bear 곰 beautiful 예쁘다 bed 침대 beer 맥주 before noon 오전

343 330 KoreanFromZero.com Beijing, China 베이징 cheese 치즈 Berlin, Germany 베를린 cherry 앵두 beverage (non-alcoholic) 음료수 chicken 치킨 bicycle 자전거 chicken ribs 닭갈비 big 크다 child 아이 biology 생물 chin 턱 birthday party 생일 파티 China 중국 bitter 쓰다 Chinese person 중국 사람 black (noun) 검은색 Christmas 크리스마스 black (verb) 검다 church 교회 blue (noun) 파란색 class 수업 blue (verb) 파랗다 classroom 교실 body 몸 coffee 커피 book 책 cola (Coke ) 콜라 book store 서점 cola light (Diet Coke ) 콜라 라이트 boy, man 남자 cold (weather) 춥다 boyfriend 남자친구 cold to the touch 차갑다 bread 빵 college 대학교 breakfast 아침밥 college student 대학생 brown 갈색 color 색깔 Buddhist temple 절 comic book 만화책 bus 버스 computer 컴퓨터 business card 명함 concert 콘서트 but, however 하지만 convenience store 편의점 buttocks 엉덩이 cooked rice 밥 cake 케이크 cooking 요리 calculator 계산기 country 나라 Canada 캐나다 cucumber 오이 Canadian person 캐나다 사람 daughter 딸 candy 사탕 dawn 새벽 car 차 day 날 cat 고양이 day of birth 생일 cell phone 핸드폰 December 십이월 chair 의자 delicious 맛있다 cheap 싸다 department store 백화점

344 English-Korean Glossary 331 desk 책상 February 이월 difficult 어렵다 fifteen 열다섯, 십오 dinner 저녁밥. 밥 fifty 쉰, 오십 dog 개 Filipino person 필리핀 사람 dollar 달러 finger 손가락 door 문 first time 처음 dragon 용 fish 물고기 dream 꿈 five 다섯, 오 ear 귀 flowers 꽃 early 일찍 food 음식 easy 쉽다 foot 발 education 교육 forty 마흔, 사십 egg 계란 four 넷, 사 eight 여덟, 팔 fourteen 열넷, 십사 eighteen 열여덟, 십팔 France 프랑스 eighty 여든, 팔십 french fries 감자튀김 elbow 팔꿈치 Friday 금요일 elephant 코끼리 friend 친구 eleven 열하나, 십일 fruit 과일 이메일 furniture 가구 emergency 응급 Germany 독일 English person 영국 사람 giraffe 기린 etc 등등 girl, woman 여자 euro (EU money) 유로 girlfriend 여자친구 evening 저녁 good, nice 좋다 every day 매일 goodbye 안녕 every month 매달 grades 성적 every week 매주 grandfather 할아버지 every year 매년 grandmother 할머니 everything, all 다 grapes 포도 expensive 비싸다 green 초록색 eye 눈 hamburger 햄버거 face 얼굴 hand 손 family 가족 head, hair 머리 father 아버지 heart, mind 마음

345 332 KoreanFromZero.com here 여기 hippo 하마 history 역사 homework 숙제 hospital 병원 hot (weather) 덥다 hot to the touch 뜨겁다 hotel 호텔 hour 시간 house, home 집 how much? 얼마 hurry up 빨리 I (polite) 저, 제 I, me (casual) 나 India 인도 interesting, fun 재미있다 January 일월 Japan 일본 joke 농담 juice 주스 July 칠월 June 유월 Junho Kim (man s name) 김준호 just now, just a moment ago 아까 just; just because 그냥 karaoke (singing room) 노래방 kind, nice 착하다 knees 무릎 Korea 한국 Korean person 한국 사람 laptop computer 노트북 Las Vegas, USA 라스베가스 last month 지난달 last night 어젯밤 last week 지난주 last year late late night leg letter library lie light blue literature London, England Los Angeles, USA lots lots (verb form) lunch magazine man mandarin orange Manila, Philippines many many (verb form) March match math May maybe, probably me (casual) me (polite) meal meat meat (roasted) medicine meeting melon Mexico milk 작년 늦게 늦은 밤 다리 편지 도서관 거짓말 하늘색 문학 런던 로스 앤젤레스 많이 많다 밥, 점심밥 잡지 남자 귤 마닐라 많이 많다 삼월 시합 수학 오월 아마 나 저 식사 고기 불고기 약 미팅 멜론 멕시코 우유

346 English-Korean Glossary 333 Minsu Park (man name) 박민수 mirror 거울 Monday 월요일 money 돈 more 더 morning 아침 mother 어머니 mouse 쥐 mouth 입 movie 영화 movie theater 영화관 Mr., Mrs., Miss ~씨 much 많이 much (verb form) 많다 mushroom 버섯 music 음악 my 제, 내 name 이름 New Year s Day 설날 New York, USA 뉴욕 next month 다음달 next week 다음 주 next year 내년 night, evening 밤 nightmare 악몽 nine 아홉, 구 nineteen 열아홉, 십구 ninety 아흔, 구십 nonsense 옹알이 nose 코 not so~ much 별로 not yet 아직 November 십일월 now, right now 지금 ocean 바다 October older brother older sister one orange Ottawa, Canada our over there paper parents Paris, France park party pear pen pencil penguin person pharmacy Philippines phone number phone, phone call photograph picture ping pong pink pizza place pollution potato present president (of company) pretty PSY (Korean singer) puppy 시월 오빠 누나 하나, 일 주황색 오타와 우리의 저기 종이 부모님 파리 공원 파티 배 펜 연필 펭귄 사람 약국 필리핀 전화번호 전화 사진 사진 탁구 분홍색 피자 장소 오염 감자 선물 사장님 예쁘다 싸이 강아지

347 334 KoreanFromZero.com purple 보라색 sixty 예순, 육십 purse 가방 skirt 치마 Quebec, Canada 퀘벡 sky blue 하늘색 question 질문 small 작다 quickly 빨리 snow 눈 quite~ 아주 so 그래서 ramen noodles 라면 so~ 매우 really~ 정말, 진짜 soccer 축구 reason 이유 socks 양말 recently 최근 son 아들 red (noun) 빨간색 song 노래 red (verb) 빨갛다 sound 소리 restaurant 식당 soup 국 ribs 갈비 spicy 맵다 rice (cooked) 밥 sports 스포츠 rice cakes 떡 sports game 시합 road 길 stapler 스테이플러 roasted meat 불고기 Starcraft 스타크래프트 room 방 station 역 ruler 자 stomach 배 salty 짜다 store 가게 Saturday 토요일 story 이야기 school 학교 street 길 science 과학 student 학생 scissors 가위 subway 지하철 seaweed roll 김밥 subway station 역 September 구월 Sunday 일요일 seven 일곱, 칠 sweet 달다 seventeen 열일곱, 십칠 swimming 수영 seventy 일흔, 칠십 swimming pool 수영장 shoes 신발 table tennis 탁구 shoulder 어깨 Tae kwon do 태권도 singing room (karaoke) 노래방 tangerine 귤 six 여섯, 육 tape 테이프 sixteen 열여섯, 십육 tasty 맛있다

348 English-Korean Glossary 335 taxi 택시 to be happy 기쁘다 tea 차 to be hungry 배고프다 teacher 선생님 to be important 중요하다 teeth 이 to be long 길다 television 텔레비전 to be loud 시끄럽다 TV 티부이 to be quiet 조용하다 ten 열, 십 to be sad 슬프다 test, exam 시험 to be short 짧다 Thai person 태국 사람 to be sick, to hurt 아프다 Thailand 태국 to be similar 비슷하다 that 그것, 저것 to be tasteless 맛없다 that one 그것 to be the same 같다 that one over there 저것 to be uninteresting 재미없다 that s why 그래서 to begin 시작하다 there 거기 to buy 사다 therefore 그래서 to come 오다 thirteen 열셋, 십삼 to depart 출발하다 thirty 서른, 삼십 to dislike 싫어하다 this 이것 to do 하다 this month 이번달 to drink 마시다 this one 이것 to eat 먹다 this week 이번주 to exist, to have 있다 this year 올해 to get 받다 three 셋, 삼 to get off 내리다 Thursday 목요일 to give 주다 time 시간 to go 가다 to answer 대답하다 to know 알다 to arrive 도착하다 to learn 배우다 to ask 묻다 to like 좋아하다 to be close 가깝다 to listen, hear 듣다 to be cute 귀엽다 to love 사랑하다 to be different 다르다 to meet 만나다 to be far 멀다 to need 필요하다 to be fast 빠르다 to not exist, to not have 없다 to be full 배부르다 to not know 모르다

349 336 KoreanFromZero.com to not need 필요없다 triangle-shaped gimbap 삼각김밥 to phone 전화하다 trip 여행 to play, hang out 놀다 Tuesday 화요일 to practice 연습하다 twelve 열둘, 십이 to read 읽다 twenty 스물, 이십 to receive 받다 two 둘, 이 to ride 타다 umbrella 우산 to see 보다 United Kingdom 영국 to send 보내다 vegetable 야채 to sing 노래하다 very~ 아주, 정말, 진짜, to sleep 자다 매우, 너무 to speak 말하다 volleyball 배구 to start 시작하다 wallet 지갑 to study 공부하다 water 물 to swim 수영하다 watermelon 수박 to take a break 쉬다 we 우리 to talk 말하다 weather 날씨 to tell 말하다 wedding 결혼식 to use 쓰다 Wednesday 수요일 to wake up 일어나다 what day of the week? 무슨 요일 to walk 걷다 what kind of~? 어떤 to watch 보다 what type of~? 어떤 to work 일하다 what~ 무슨 to write 쓰다 when? 언제 today 오늘 where? 어디 toes 발가락 which nationality? 어느 나라 사람 together 같이 which~? 어느 Tokyo, Japan 도쿄 white (noun) 흰색 tomorrow 내일 white (verb) 하얗다, 희다 tonight 오늘 밤 who? 누구 too~ 너무 windows 창문 tooth 이 wine 와인 train 기차 won (Korean money) 원 train station 역 work 일 travel 여행 workplace 직장

350 English-Korean Glossary 337 yellow (noun) yellow (verb) yen (Japanese money) yesterday yoga yogurt you (casual) you (polite, formal) younger brother younger sibling younger sister your 노란색 노랗다 엔 어제 요가 요거트 너 당신 남동생 동생 여동생 네

351 338 KoreanFromZero.com Glossary K-E

352 Korean-English Glossary 339 가게 store 귤 tangerine/mandarin orange 가구 furniture 그것 that / that one 가깝다 to be close 그냥 just; just because 가다 to go 그래서 so, therefore, that s why 가방 purse, bag 그리고 and then 가위 scissors 금요일 Friday 가족 family 기린 giraffe 갈비 ribs 기쁘다 to be happy 갈색 brown 기차 train 감자 potato 길 road, street 감자튀김 french fries 길다 to be long 강아지 puppy 김밥 seaweed roll 같다 to be the same 김준호 Junho Kim (man s name) 같이 together 꽃 flowers 개 dog 꿈 dream 거기 there 나 I, me (casual) 거울 mirror 나라 country 거짓말 lie 나쁘다 bad 걷다 to walk 날 day 검다 black 날씨 weather 검은색 black 남동생 younger brother 결혼식 wedding 남자 man 계란 egg 남자친구 boyfriend 계산기 calculator 내년 next year 고기 meat 내리다 to get off 고양이 cat 내일 tomorrow 곰 bear 너 you (casual) 공 ball 너무 very (too~) 공부하다 to study 넷 4, four 공원 park 노란색 yellow 공항 airport 노랗다 yellow 과일 fruit 노래 song 과학 science 노래방 singing room (karaoke) 교실 classroom 노래하다 to sing 교육 education 노트북 laptop computer 교회 church 놀다 to play, hang out 구 9, nine 농구 basketball 구십 90, ninety 농담 joke 구월 September 누구 who? 국 soup 누나 older sister 귀 ear 눈 eye, snow 귀엽다 to be cute 뉴욕 New York, USA

353 340 KoreanFromZero.com 늦게 late 많다 lots, many, much 늦은 밤 late night 많이 lots, many, much 다 everything, all 말하다 to speak, tell, talk 다르다 to be different 맛없다 to be tasteless 다리 leg 맛있다 tasty, delicious 다섯 5, five 매년 every year 다시 again 매달 every month 다음달 next month 매우 very (so~) 다음 주 next week 매일 every day 달다 sweet 매주 every week 달러 dollar 맥주 beer 닭갈비 chicken ribs 맵다 spicy 당신 you (polite, formal) 머리 head, hair 대답하다 to answer 먹다 to eat 대학교 college 멀다 to be far 대학생 college student 멕시코 Mexico 더 more 멜론 melon 덥다 hot (weather) 명함 business card 도서관 library 모르다 to not know 도착하다 to arrive 목요일 Thursday 도쿄 Tokyo, Japan 몸 body 독일 Germany 무릎 knees 돈 money 무슨 what~ 동물 animal 무슨 요일 what day of the week? 동생 younger sibling 문 door 둘 2, two 문학 literature 듣다 to listen, hear 묻다 to ask 등 back 물 water 등등 etc 물고기 fish 딸 daughter 미국 America 떡 rice cakes 미국 사람 American person 뜨겁다 hot to the touch 미팅 meeting 라면 ramen noodles 바나나 banana 라스베가스 Las Vegas, USA 바다 ocean 런던 London, England 박민수 Minsu Park (man s name) 로스 앤젤레스 Los Angeles, USA 받다 to receive, to get 마닐라 Manila, Philippines 발 foot 마시다 to drink 발가락 toes 마음 heart, mind 밤 night, evening 마흔 40, forty 밥 dinner, lunch etc., cooked rice 만나다 to meet 방 room 만화책 comic book 방콕 Bangkok, Thailand

354 Korean-English Glossary 341 배 배고프다 배구 배부르다 배우다 백화점 버섯 (버섣) 버스 베를린 베이징 별로 병원 보내다 보다 보라색 부모님 분홍색 불고기 비슷하다 비싸다 비행기 비행기표 빠르다 빨간색 빨갛다 빨리 빵 사 사과 사다 사람 사랑하다 사십 사월 사장님 사진 사탕 삼 삼각김밥 삼십 삼월 새벽 pear; stomach to be hungry volleyball to be full to learn department store mushroom bus Berlin, Germany Beijing, China not so~ much hospital to send to see, to watch purple parents pink roast meat (fire meat) to be similar expensive airplane airline ticket to be fast red red quickly; hurry up bread 4, four apple to buy person to love 40, forty April president (of company) photograph, picture candy 3, three triangle-shaped gimbap 30, thirty March dawn 색깔 color 생물 biology 생일 day of birth 생일 파티 birthday party 서른 30, thirty 서점 book store 선물 present 선생님 teacher 설날 (설랄) New Year s Day 성적 grades 셋 3, three 소리 sound 손 hand 손가락 finger 수박 watermelon 수업 class 수영 swimming 수영장 swimming pool 수영하다 to swim 수요일 Wednesday 수학 math 숙제 homework 쉰 50, fifty 쉽다 easy 스물 20, twenty 스물넷 24 스물다섯 25 스물둘 22 스물셋 23 스물아홉 29 스물여덟 28 스물여섯 26 스물일곱 27 스물하나 21 스타크래프트 Starcraft 스테이플러 stapler 스포츠 sports 슬프다 to be sad 시간 time, hour 시끄럽다 to be loud 시월 October 시작하다 to start, to begin

355 342 KoreanFromZero.com 시합 시험 식당 식사 신발 싫어하다 십 십구 십사 십삼 십오 십육 십이 십이월 십일 십일월 십칠 십팔 싸다 싸이 쓰다 씨 아기 아까 아들 아마 아버지 아이 아주 아직 아침 아침밥 아파트 아프다 아홉 아흔 악몽 안녕 알다 앵두 야구 야채 sports game, match test, exam restaurant meal shoes to dislike 10, ten 19, nineteen 14, fourteen 13, thirteen 15, fifteen 16, sixteen 12, twelve December 11, eleven November 17, seventeen 18, eighteen cheap PSY (Korean singer) bitter, to use, to write Mr., Mrs., Miss baby just now, just a moment ago son maybe, probably father child very~, quite~ not yet morning breakfast apartment to be sick, to hurt 9, nine 90, ninety nightmare goodbye to know cherry baseball vegetable 약 약국 양말 어깨 어느 medicine pharmacy socks shoulder which~ 어느 나라 사람 which nationality? 어디 where? 어떤 어렵다 어머니 어제 어젯밤 언제 얼굴 얼마 없다 엉덩이 에어컨 엔 여기 여덟 여동생 여든 여섯 여자 여자친구 여행 역 역사 연습하다 연필 열 열넷 열다섯 열둘 열셋 열아홉 열여덟 열여섯 열일곱 열하나 영국 what kind of~, what type of~ difficult mother yesterday last night when? face how much? to not exist, to not have buttocks air conditioning yen (Japanese money) here 8, eight younger sister 80, eighty 6, six girl, woman girlfriend trip, travel train station, subway station history to practice pencil 10, ten 14, fourteen 15, fifteen 12, twelve 13, thirteen 19, nineteen 18, eighteen 16, sixteen 17, seventeen 11, eleven United Kingdom

356 Korean-English Glossary 343 영국 사람 English person 이름 name 영화 movie 이메일 영화관 movie theater 이번달 this month 예쁘다 pretty, beautiful 이번주 this week 예순 60, sixty 이십 20, twenty 오 5, five 이십구 29, twenty-nine 오늘 today 이십사 24, twenty-four 오늘 밤 tonight 이십삼 23, twenty-three 오다 to come 이십오 25, twenty-five 오빠 older brother 이십육 26, twenty-six 오십 50, fifty 이십이 22, twenty-two 오염 pollution 이십일 21, twenty-one 오월 May 이십칠 27, twenty-seven 오이 cucumber 이십팔 28, twenty-eight 오전 before noon 이야기 story 오타와 Ottawa, Canada 이월 February 오후 afternoon 이유 reason 올해 this year 인도 India 옹알이 nonsense 일 work, 1, one 와인 wine 일곱 7, seven 요가 yoga 일본 Japan 요거트 yogurt 일어나다 to wake up 요리 cooking 일요일 Sunday 용 dragon 일월 January 우리 we 일찍 early 우리의 our 일하다 to work 우산 umbrella 일흔 70, seventy 우유 milk 읽다 to read 원 won (Korean money) 입 mouth 월요일 Monday 있다 to exist, to have 유로 euro (EU money) 자 ruler 유월 June 자다 to sleep 육 6, six 자동차 automobile 육십 60, sixty 자전거 bicycle 은행 bank 작년 last year 음료수 beverage, drinks 작다 small 음식 food 잡지 magazine 음악 music 장소 place 응급 emergency 재미없다 to be uninteresting 의자 chair 재미있다 interesting, fun 이 tooth, 2, two 저 I, me (polite) 이것 this, this one 저것 that, that one over there

357 344 KoreanFromZero.com 저기 저녁 저녁밥 전화 전화번호 전화하다 절 점심밥 정말 조용하다 종이 좋다 좋아하다 주다 주스 주황색 중국 중국 사람 중요하다 쥐 지갑 지금 지난달 지난주 지하철 직장 진짜 질문 집 짜다 짧다 차 차 차갑다 착하다 창문 책 책상 처음 초록색 최근 축구 over there evening dinner phone, phone call phone number to phone Buddhist temple lunch very, really~ to be quiet paper good, nice to like to give juice orange China Chinese person to be important mouse wallet now, right now last month last week subway workplace very, really~ question house, home salty to be short car tea cold to the touch kind, nice windows book desk first time green recently soccer 출발하다 to depart 춥다 cold (weather) 치마 skirt 치즈 cheese 치킨 chicken 친구 friend 칠 7, seven 칠십 70, seventy 칠월 July 침대 bed 캐나다 Canada 캐나다 사람 Canadian person 커피 coffee 컴퓨터 computer 케이크 cake 코 nose 코끼리 elephant 콘서트 concert 콜라 cola (Coke ) 콜라 라이트 cola light (Diet Coke ) 퀘벡 Quebec, Canada 크다 big 크리스마스 Christmas 타다 to ride 탁구 ping pong, table tennis 태국 Thailand 태국 사람 Thai person 태권도 Tae kwon do 택시 taxi 턱 chin 테이프 tape 텔레비전 television, TV 토요일 Saturday 티부이 TV 파란색 blue 파랗다 blue 파리 Paris, France 파티 party 팔 arm, 8, eight 팔꿈치 elbow 팔십 80, eighty 팔월 August

358 Korean-English Glossary 345 펜 펭귄 편의점 편지 포도 프랑스 피자 필리핀 필리핀 사람 필요없다 필요하다 하나 하늘색 하다 하마 하얗다 하지만 학교 학생 한국 한국 사람 할머니 할아버지 핸드폰 햄버거 호주 호주 사람 호텔 화요일 화장실 쉬다 희다 흰색 pen penguin convenience store letter grapes France pizza Philippines Filipino person to not need to need 1, one sky blue (light blue) to do hippo white but, however school student Korea Korean person grandmother grandfather cell phone hamburger Australia Australian person hotel Tuesday bathroom to take a break white white

359 346 KoreanFromZero.com Map of South Korea

360 Korean From Zero! 347 Hangul Character Name Chart Romanization g/k n d/t r/l m b/p s hangul ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ consonants name 기역 니은 디귿 리을 미음 비읍 시옷 Romanization null/ng j ch k t p h hangul ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ consonants name 이응 지읒 치읓 키읔 티읕 피읖 히읗 Romanization pp jj dd kk ss hangul ㅃ ㅉ ㄸ ㄲ ㅆ consonants name 쌍비읍 쌍지읒 쌍디귿 쌍기역 쌍시옷 Romanization a ya eo yeo o yo u hangul vowels ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ name 아 야 어 여 오 요 우 Romanization yu eu i ae e yo u hangul vowels ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ ㅒ ㅖ name 유 으 이 아이 어이 야이 여이 Romanization wa wae oe wo we wi ui hangul vowels ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ name 와 왜 외 워 웨 위 의

361 348 KoreanFromZero.com Korean Keyboard Layout Cut out for reference.

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363 350 KoreanFromZero.com Korean Keyboard Layout Cut out for reference.

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365 352 KoreanFromZero.com Other From Zero! Books Chinese From Zero! Coming in 2015!

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