266 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2021; 56: 젊

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1 266 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2021; 56: 젊은여성에서임신및수유와연관된골다공증성척추압박골절 신우진 서승표 염지웅 김윤성 성애병원정형외과 Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation in Young Women Woo-Jin Shin, M.D., Seung-Pyo Suh, M.D., Ji-Ung Yeom, M.D., and Yun-Seong Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sung-Ae Hospital, Seoul, Korea Osteoporosis associated with pregnancy and lactation is a rare disease that can cause osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Patients usually complain of severe back pain, which is easily mistaken for pain due to pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, making a rapid diagnosis and treatment difficult. The authors diagnosed OVCF related to pregnancy and lactation through a physical examination, simple radiography, whole-body bone scan, magnetic resonance image, bone marrow density, and blood tests in a 29-year-old female patient and a 31-year-old female patient who presented with low back pain. This paper reports two cases of symptom improvement through a teriparatide injection, wearing thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis and taking calcium and vitamin D with a review of the literature. Key words: osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, pregnancy, lactation 임신및수유와연관된골다공증은심한요통과척추체의높이 감소를동반한골다공증성척추압박골절을유발할수있는희귀 한질환이다. 1) 임신과수유라는특수한상황때문에초기에진단 하기가어려우며, 환자들은보통임신말기나출산초기에심한 요통을호소한다. 또한특이외상력이없더라도압박골절이나척 추체의심한변형이발생할수있다. 아직임신및수유와연관된 골다공증의발생원인은정확히밝혀지지않았으나유전, 골과 칼슘대사의변화, 비타민 D 요구량변화등이영향을주는것으 로알려져있다. 2) 이러한골다공증은임신중특발성골다공증 (idiopathic osteoporosis in pregnancy), 임신중고관절의일과성골다공증 (transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy), 임신후척 추골다공증 (postpregnancy spinal osteoporosis), 수유와연관 Received June 11, 2020 Revised July 8, 2020 Accepted August 26, 2020 Correspondence to: Seung-Pyo Suh, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sung-Ae Hospital, 22 Yeouidaebang-ro 53-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07354, Korea TEL: FAX: arcseo@hanmail.net ORCID: 된골다공증 (lactation-associated osteoporosis) 등네가지유형으로분류할수있다. 3) 임신중특발성골다공증과임신중고관절의일과성골다공증은동일한유형으로볼수있으며주로임신 2분기와 3분기에발생한다. 주로고관절에서골다공증이나타나며산후 2개월에서 9개월후서서히회복되는것으로알려져있으며, 임신후척추골다공증은보통산후 3개월이내에발생하며종축골격을침범한다. 환자들은주로심한요통과척추체의높이감소를보이고, 대부분저절로회복된다. 수유와연관된골다공증은아직논란의여지가있지만수유에따른모체골격의칼슘요구량증가와이에따른호르몬의영향으로발생하는것으로알려져있다. 산후 6개월에서 9개월사이에수유를중단하면정상적으로회복된다. 3,4) 그러나때때로척추에발생한골다공증은골다공증성척추압박골절을일으킬수있으며, 적절하게치료받지않을시만성적인요통과척추체의높이감소를유발할수있다. 5) 저자들은첫번째출산후 3개월이내에발생한심한요통을호소하는 29세여자환자와 31세여자환자에대해단순방사선검사, 전신골주사검사, 자기공명영상검사, 골밀도검사, 혈액 The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association Volume 56 Number Copyright 2021 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 267 Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation 검사등을통하여임신과수유에연관된골다공증성척추압박골절을진단하였으며, 12주간의주단위테리파라타이드주사와흉요천추보조기착용, 1년간의칼슘과비타민 D 복용을통해증상의호전을경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 증례보고 1. 증례 1 29세여자로분만직후부터요통및양측엉덩이에통증이있었으며, 분만 3개월후화장실에서아이목욕시키던중요통이악화되었고, 집에서경과관찰하였으나심한요통이지속되어본원외래로내원하였다. 첫번째출산이었으며출산후모유수유를하고있었다. 특이과거력이나가족력은없었으며, 스테로이드제제투여력이나흡연력도없었다. 신체진찰상움직임시요추부의심한통증및심한타진압통이관찰되었고, 요추단순방사 선사진상뚜렷한요추부척추체의높이감소는관찰되지않았으나척추자기공명영상에서제1, 3, 5 요추체의압박골절들을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 1). 이에시행한골밀도검사에서우측대퇴전자부 Z-score -2.8로연령기대치이하의골밀도소견을보이고있었다 (Table 1). 전신적골질환과이차성골다공증을감별하기위해시행한전신골주사검사에서제1, 3, 5 요추체에서섭취증가가보였으며 (Fig. 2), 갑상선기능검사에서갑상선자극호르몬 1.34 μiu/ml ( 참고치, μiu/ml), 유리 T ng/ dl ( 참고치, ng/dl), 부갑상선호르몬 17.5 pg/ml ( 참고치, pg/ml) 로정상범위에있었다. 또한칼슘 9.9 mg/ dl ( 참고치, mg/dl), 인산염 4.2 mg/dl ( 참고치, mg/dl), 오스테오칼신 ng/ml ( 참고치, ng/ml), 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D ng/ml ( 참고치, ng/ml), Figure 2. Whole-body bone scan images show hot uptakes of L1, 3, 5 vertebral bodies. Figure 1. Lumbar spine sagittal fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging shows L1, 3, 5 vertebral body fractures. Table 1. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry of Case No. 1 Patient Region Z-score T-score L L L L Right femur neck Right femur trochanter Left femur neck Left femur trochanter Figure 3. Three months follow-up lumbar spine lateral X-ray shows no further vertebral height loss of the lumbar spine.

3 268 Woo-Jin Shin, et al. N-telopeptide of collagen type (NTx) 71 BCE/nM ( 참고치, 5 65 BCE/nM) 로 NTx가상승해있었다. 수유를중단하고 12주간주단위테리파라타이드 56.5 μg 주사와흉요천추보조기치료를시행하였고, 1년간칼슘과비타민 D 제제를복용하였다. 3 개월후추시한단순방사선사진상요추부척추체의높이감소는관찰되지않았으며 (Fig. 3) 요통은매우호전되었다. 1년후추시한골밀도검사상우측대퇴전자부의 Z-score가 -2.1로호전된양상을확인하였으며, 단순방사선사진상요추부척추체의추가적인높이감소는보이지않았다. 2. 증례 2 31세여자로분만 1개월후 10 kg 정도무게의물건을들다가허리를삐끗하며수상해흉추부와요추부의통증이발생하였고, 일차의원에서보존적치료를하였으나증상의호전이없어본원외래로내원하였다. 첫번째출산이었으며출산후모유수유를하고있었다. 특이과거력이나가족력은없었으며, 스테로이드제제투여력이나흡연력도없었다. 신체진찰상흉추부와요추 부의움직임시심한통증및심한타진압통이관찰되었고, 흉추와요추단순방사선사진상제7, 8, 9, 10, 12 흉추체와제2, 4 요추체의높이감소가관찰되며, 척추자기공명영상에서동일부위의압박골절들을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 4). 골밀도검사에서요추 1번 Z-score 는 -2.9로연령기대치이하의골밀도소견을보이고있었다 (Table 2). 전신적골질환과이차성골다공증을감별하기위해시행한전신골주사검사에서동일부위의섭취증가가보이고 (Fig. 5), 갑상선기능검사에서갑상선자극호르몬 μiu/ml ( 참고치, μiu/ml), 유리 T ng/dl ( 참고치, ng/dl), 부갑상선호르몬 11.8 pg/ml ( 참고치, pg/ml) 로정상범위에있었다. 또한칼슘 8.2 mg/dl ( 참고치, mg/dl), 인산염 4.3 mg/dl ( 참고치, mg/dl), 오스테오칼신 22.7 ng/ml ( 참고치, ng/ml), 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D ng/ml ( 참고치, ng/ml), NTx 61 BCE/ Figure 5. Whole-body bone scan images show hot uptakes of T7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and L2, 4 vertebral bodies. Figure 4. Thoracic and lumbar spine sagittal fat suppression magnetic resonance imagings show T7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and L2, 4 vertebral body fractures. Table 2. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry of Case No. 2 Patient Region Z-score T-score L L L L Left femur neck Left femur trochanter Figure 6. Three months follow up thoracic and lumbar spine lateral X-rays show no further vertebral height loss of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

4 269 Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation nm ( 참고치, 5 65 BCE/nM) 로정상수치안에있었다. 슈유를중단하고 12주간주단위테리파라타이드 56.5 μg 주사와흉요천추보조기치료를시행하였고, 1년간칼슘과비타민 D 제제를복용하였다. 3개월후추시한단순방사선사진상흉추부와요추부척추체의추가적인높이감소는관찰되지않았으며 (Fig. 6) 통증은매우호전되었다. 1년후추시한골밀도검사상요추 1번 Z-score는 -1.9로호전되었으며, 단순방사선사진상흉추부와요추부척추체의추가적인높이감소는보이지않았다. 고찰 임신및수유에연관된골다공증은젊은여성들에게서골다공증성압박골절을일으킬수있으나임신이라는특수한상황때문에조기에발견하거나진단하는데어려움이있다. 발병률은약임산부 100만명당 4명정도로추정되며, 6) 주로첫번째임신에서발생한다. 환자들은출산전후로척추체의높이감소를동반한심한요통을호소하며, 고관절과서혜부통증을호소하기도한다. 1) 임신과수유로인한골다공증의원인및위험인자는아직확실하게밝혀진바는없으나임신중프로락틴 (prolactin) 과에스트로겐 (estrogen) 등여러호르몬의혈중농도변화가발생하여골대사과정의불균형을유발하고, 모체와태아사이의영양소이동으로인해발생하는것으로알려져있다. 2-4) 임신 3분기동안약 30 g의칼슘이모체에서태아로이동하고, 이를보상하기위해임신중장내칼슘흡수가약 2배가량증가한다. 4,7) 이외에도부갑상선호르몬연관단백질 (parathyroid hormone-related protein) 이임신 3분기에모체의유방과태반에서다량분비되고, 부갑상선호르몬을대체해부갑상선호르몬수용체에작용하여골재흡수를항진시켜혈중칼슘농도를높여태아로의칼슘공급을돕는다. 3,4,7) 그러나이러한과정에서칼슘섭취가부족하거나비타민 D 결핍, 유당불내성등이있을경우골다공증의위험성이증가할수있다. 모유수유시하루 210 mg의칼슘이모체에서태아로이동하는데, 모유에포함된칼슘함량의대부분은모체골격의재흡수를통해공급된다. 이과정은프로락틴과모유수유를통한고나도트로핀방출호르몬 (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) 의억제로유발되며, 이는황체형성호르몬 (luteinizing hormone) 과여포자극호르몬 (follicle stimulating hormone), 에스트라디올 (estradiol), 프로게스테론 (progesterone) 등의호르몬들을억제하여모체골격에서칼슘의재흡수를증가시키는뇌-유방- 골순환 (brain-breast-bone circuit) 을통해이루어진다. 이외에도부갑상선호르몬연관단백질이수유시뇌-유방-골순환을통해증가하여파골세포의활성을높이고칼슘의재흡수를돕는다. 4,7) 모체골격에서의이와같은칼슘농도와골회전의변화는 골다공증을유발하는원인이되며, 때때로골다공증성압박골절을일으키게된다. 임신과수유로인한골다공증성압박골절은먼저골밀도검사를통해골다공증을진단한후, 단순방사선검사, 자기공명영상검사, 컴퓨터단층촬영, 골주사검사, 혈액검사등을통해압박골절을일으킬수있는다른질환들을배제한후진단할수있다. 치료는일반적인골다공증성압박골절의치료방법과같다. 침상안정과진통제복용, 흉요천추보조기착용등보존적인치료를시작하고, 비스포스포네이트제제같은항흡수제를일차약제로사용할수있다. 다만비스포스포네이트제제는환자의체내에수년간남아향후임신에영향을줄수있어주의를요한다. 4,8) 이러한경우에는반감기가 5분에서 1시간정도로짧은테리파라타이드제제를사용하여골밀도를증가시키고통증을완화시킬수있다. 8,9) 이외에도풍선척추성형술을시행하여골절부위를정복할수있지만인접부위척추체골절와같은부작용이발생할수있다. 10) 본증례에서는두환자모두젊은나이이며추후추가적인출산가능성이있었기때문에수유를중단하고흉요천추보조기착용과 12주간주단위테리파라타이드 56.5 μg 주사, 9) 1년간칼슘과비타민 D 제제복용을시행하였고, 1년후추시한단순방사선사진상추체의추가적인높이감소는보이지않았으며, 골밀도검사결과가호전되었고통증도매우감소하였다. 결론 임신및수유에연관된골다공증은매우드문질병이나척추압박골절을일으킬수있으며, 초기에진단되지않을경우척추체의영구적인높이감소와변형을일으킬수있다. 출산전후의젊은여성이지속적인요통을호소할경우적절한검사를통해임신과수유에연관된골다공증성압박골절을감별해야하며, 추후수유및추가적인임신계획여부에따라적절한약물로치료해야할것으로생각된다. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors have nothing to disclose. ORCID Woo-Jin Shin, Seung-Pyo Suh, Ji-Ung Yeom, Yun-Seong Kim,

5 270 Woo-Jin Shin, et al. REFERENCES 1. Smith R, Athanasou NA, Ostlere SJ, Vipond SE. Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis. QJM. 1995;88: Hadji P, Boekhoff J, Hahn M, Hellmeyer L, Hars O, Kyvernitakis I. Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a case-control study. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28: Kohlmeier L, Marcus R. Calcium disorders of pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1995;24: Kovacs CS, Ralston SH. Presentation and management of osteoporosis presenting in association with pregnancy or lactation. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26: Ozturk C, Atamaz FC, Akkurt H, Akkoc Y. Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis presenting severe vertebral fractures. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40: Winarno AS, Kyvernitakis I, Hadji P. Successful treatment of 1-34 parathyroid hormone (PTH) after failure of bisphosphonate therapy in a complex case of pregnancy associated osteoporosis and multiple fractures. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2014;218: Sowers M. Pregnancy and lactation as risk factors for subsequent bone loss and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11: Hellmeyer L, Boekhoff J, Hadji P. Treatment with teriparatide in a patient with pregnancy-associated osteoporosis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2010;26: Hwang SH, Woo YK, Jeon HS, Suh SP, Kim JY, Kim JN. Treatment effect with weekly teriparatide in the vertebral compression fractures in patients with severe osteoporosis. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2019;54: Bayram S, Ozturk C, Sivrioglu K, Aydinli U, Kucukoglu S. Kyphoplasty for pregnancy-associated osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73:564-6.

6 271 pissn : , eissn : Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2021; 56: 젊은여성에서임신및수유와연관된골다공증성척추압박골절 신우진 서승표 염지웅 김윤성 성애병원정형외과 임신및수유와연관된골다공증은젊은여성에서골다공증성척추압박골절을일으킬수있는희귀한질환이다. 환자들은주로요통을호소하며, 이는임신과출산, 수유에의한통증으로오인되기쉬워빠른진단과치료가어렵다. 저자들은요통을주소로내원한 29세여자환자와 31세여자환자에대해신체진찰, 단순방사선검사, 전신골주사검사, 자기공명영상검사, 골밀도검사, 혈액검사등을통하여임신과수유에연관된골다공증성척추압박골절을진단하였으며, 테리파라타이드 (teriparatide) 주사와흉요천추보조기착용, 칼슘과비타민 D 제제복용을통해증상이호전된 2예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 색인단어 : 골다공증성척추압박골절, 임신, 수유 접수일 2020 년 6 월 11 일수정일 2020 년 7 월 8 일게재확정일 2020 년 8 월 26 일책임저자서승표 07354, 서울시영등포구여의대방로 53 길 22, 성애병원정형외과 TEL , FAX , arcseo@hanmail.net, ORCID 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 56 권제 3 호 2021 Copyright 2021 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Endocrinol Metab 26(2): , June 2011 DOI: /EnM CASE REPORT 다발성압박골절을동반한임신후척추골다공증 1 예 이지은 장진선 고선희 김민희 임동준 강무일 차봉연 홍숙희 1 배자성 2

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