Part2 쪼은 A~ 람좋은문폐 l 실전문제이 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제

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2 / 룰흘츄 } Part 1 쪼은 A~ 람좋은이론 1 A 는 B 다 대립쌍 or 이분법 연결성 일반호 } 와구체화 20 5 재진술, 바꿔쓰기 영어지문에자주등장하는심리학용어

3 Part2 쪼은 A~ 람좋은문폐 l 실전문제이 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제 영어지문에자주등 E 탄 f 는심리학용어 68 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제 실전문제껴 실전문제 실전문제 Part 3 쪼은 A~ 람좋은해설 조은사람좋은해설

4 표 E 은 IA~ 폴홀 좋은 01 론 j.

5 지문을한문장무로요약할때우리는 A는 B다 로표현할수있다. 여기에서 A는핵섬어, 화제, 소재, 즉, 글에서 무엇이나누구에관한이야기인가? 에서 포엎 이나 눈궁 에해탕하고 B는전술언나절복촉절, 즉 A에대한구체적설명 에해당하는부분이다. 다음문장을보자. 빈칸축론은언렬단. [ 글의요지 ] 뭔칸춘롤의언련울 [ 주제 ] A B A B 윗문장에서 A는 빈칸추론 이고 B는 어렵다 가된다. 우리가읽는모든지문은 A 는 B다 로요약할수있는데, 이는 글의요지 가되고, A에대한 B 는 글의주제 나 제목 무로나타낼수있다. 여기에서빈칸추론문제는 A 자리나, B 자리가될수있는데다음과같이나타낼수있다. 은어렵다. or 빈칸추론의 의어려움 or 의어려움 다음지문을통해 A 는 B 다 or A 의 B 가빈칸추론문제를해결하는데어떻게적 용되는지살펴보자. 8 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

6 [ 고 1 16 학년도 3 월 32 번 ] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? OSome of the mo앞 extensiγe research on the subject of 밸헐훨 was conducted bγ George and Alec Gallup. 잉They interviewed people acknowledged as 빌c;:c:::~siful in a wide γariety of areas: business, science, literature, education, religion, etc. 원The goal f the researchers was to determine 때at these 쐐E낮磁흙. pe ple had in common. OThere was one thing theγ all had in comm n: the willingness t.@ 왜l of them agreed that success wasn t s mething that had just happened to them due to luck or special talents. It happened because theγ d made it happen through continuous of 1 king f r shortcuts and 재 ra:γs to avoid hard work these people welcomed π as a necess 삶 γ part of the process. 더점 ] CD take a risk get rid of bad habits respect others' opinions CID make plans long, hard 의 의 successful, 원의 high-achieving,@ 의 의 It(success), it을통해이글의소재가 성콩 임을알수있다. 빈칸문정머1서 성공한사람들이공통으로가지고있는할긴죄가있다 고했는데, 바로이것이빈칸에해당한다. A를다시정리해보면, 성콩의공통점 이라할수있다. 이제 의 패l of them agreed that success wasn t something that had just happened to them due to luck or speci려 t려en ts 에서성공은운이나특별한재능때문에발생등 } It happened because PART1 l 조은사람좋은이론 9

7 - theγ d made it happen. through continua펴 effort 에서대병사 It과 it은모두성굉success} 을가리키며이판뻐1서 B에해당히는부분은 끊임없는노력 (continuous effort) Instead of looking for shortcuts and waγs to aγoid hard work, these people welcomed it as a necess따γ part f the process( 지름길이나열심히일하는것을괴하기위한방법을찾는대신, 이사람들 ( 성공한사람들 은성공으로이르는과정의필요한부분으로그것 ( 열심히일하는것 ) 을기꺼이받아들였다 } 에서 B에해당하는부분은 열심히일하는것 (hard 을통해 B에해당하는것은 끊임없는노력, 열심히일하는것 임을알수있다. 지금까지의내용을다음과같이정리할수있다. 성콩의곧통점은끊임없는노력, 열심히일하는것이다. [ 글의요지 ] A B 성공한사람들은끊임없이노력하며열심히일한다. [ 글의요지 ] A B 따라서빈칸에는 work long, hard hours 가가장적절함을알수있다. 주어진문 제의나머지선택지를살펴보자. CD take a risk 위힘을무릅쓰려는 plans 삶iead 계획을미리세우는 무관한내용 get rid of bad habits 나쁜습관을없애려는 무관한내용 work l ng, hard hours 오랫동안열심히일하고자하는 정답 respect others' opinions 다른사람들의의견을존중하는 무관한내용 선택지를분석해보면, 정답을제외한나머지네개는지문과전혀관련이없는내 용임을알수있다. 지금까지 A 는 B 다 를통해빈칸추론문제를어떻게해결할수 10 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

8 :_fa:~,, 팩쓸瓚 t쓸펙 '. jι"'~ 책蠻鐵흉책 있는지살펴보았다. 이개념은빈칸추론뿐만아니라, 대의파악문제 ( 주제, 제목, 주장, 목적 ), 글의순서, 문장삽입등영어유형별문제의거의모든문제를해결할수있는개념이다. 쉽게이야기하면, 영어지문을한문장으로요약할수있는능력이필요하다는것이므로, 평상시이글의주제가무엇인지를염두에두고글을원을필요가있다. [ 고1 /15/3월/2이 1. 다음글의빈효뻐l 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? When you skip breakfast, you are like a car trying to un without fuel. Experts say that a nutritious breakfast is the brain s fuel. A brain that is fully fueled con cent ates better and solves problems faster. Some students say that getting a few extra minutes of sleep is more important than eating a bowl of oatmeal, but they re wrong. Of course, sleeping is important, but going to bed a half-hour earlier would be better than sleeping late and skipping breakfast. For students who want to do well in school breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Give your brain the fuel it needs to run well. To think more clearly and faste, CD go to bed early sleep like a eat a good breakfast have three meals a day focus what you are doing PART1 l 조은 λt 람좋은이론 11

9 지문에서비교나대조가되는두정보를 대립쌍 이라고한다. 가령, 글의주제가 눈과안경의공통점 ( r 차이 ) 이라고한다면, 이때 눈 과 안경 을다음과같이대 립쌍으로설정할수있다. [ 대립짱 ] 늪과오떨의공통점 (or 차이점 ) 대립쌍 A 대렵짱 B 아래지문에서대립쌍이빈칸추론문제에어떻게적용되는지살펴보자. 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 16 학년도 6 월 33 번 ] Oln phil sophγ, the best waγ to understand the concept of an argument is to contrast it with an opinion. θ'an opinion is sirnplγ a belief or attitude about someone or something. 6.lWe express our opini ns all the time: We loγe r hate certain films r different ηpes of f d. OFor the m st part, people s opinions are based almost alwaγs upon their feelings. Theγdon t feel they have to support their pinions with anγ 힘ndof e끼 ridence. An argi. 끄nentis s mething a bit different from this. filt is made to convince thers that one s claims 12 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

10 are true. Thus, it is an attempt are the building blocks of philos phy, and the good philosopher is one who is able to create the best ar맑ments based on a solid f undation. 떠점 ] CD present reasons in support f ne s p one s own taste in each area compare one s opinions with into a deeper meaning f a topic b띠ld up kn 1wledge from one s 의 In philosophγ, the bestwaγto understand the concept of an argument is to contrast it with an opinion 에서대립되는개념이 논증 (ar맑ment) 과 의견 (opinion) 임을알수있다. 이제 논증 을대립쌍 A로, 의견 을대립쌍 B로설정하여, 대립짱 A와대립짱 B로연결되는것들을정리해보자. 대립쌍 A는 의 a belief or attitude about someone or something, ~We express our opinions all the time, Oare based almost always upon their feelings, Theγ don t feel theγ haγe to support their opinions with anγ 굉nd of evidence로연결되며, 의견 은어떤사람이나사물에대한믿음이나태도, 항상표현되는것, 거의언제나감정에기초하는것, 그리고어떤종류의증거 로뒷받침할필요 _7} 없는특성을가진것으로연결할수있다. 대립쌍 is made to convince others that one s clairr퍼 are true. Thus, it is an a다 empt to. 밍 'Arguments are the building blocks of phil sophγ, and the good philos pher is one who is able to create the bes:t arguments based on a s lid f undation를통해 논증 은자 PART1 I 조은사람좋은이론 13

11 책댄봐짧 ;, 활 J 신의의견이참이라는것을다른사햄게확신하기위한것, 하기위 한시도, 철학을구성하는요소, 그리고훌륭한철학원확고한토대를바탕으로최고의논증을만들수있는사람과같은요인들이다. 대립쌍A와대립쌍 B의내용을토대로, 선택지에서대립쌍 B에해당하는것을찾으면빈칸에는 주장을뒷받침하는논거를제시한다 가가장적절함을알수있다. 나머지선택지들을살펴보자. CD present reasons in suppoπ of one s claims p one s O때 t잃te in each area악분야에서자신의취향을개발한다 ) 무관한내용 compare one s opinions 때th others' 까신의의견을다른사람의의견과비교한다 ) 대립쌍 B 논증 에관한내용이어야한다. 반대개념 look into a deeper meaning of a t pie ( 주제의의미를더깊이찾는다 ) < 무관한대용 buildup kn wledge from one s experiences 까신의경험으로부터지식을축적한다 논거나, 증거로뒷받침되지않는것은의견에해당한다. 반대개념 대립쌍 A, B 를다시한번정려하면아래와같다. 대럽쌍 A 어떤사람이나사물에대한믿음 01 나태도 I. 향상표현되는것 ( 의견 ) 거의언제나감정에기초하는것 대립짱 B 어떤종류의증거로뒷받침할필요가없는특성을가진것. 대립쌍 B 똘증 ) 지신의의견이참이라는것을다른사뺨H 게확신하기위한것 響훨활뿔鍵婆續뿔훌훌젊똘풀鼎 ( 논증 ) 철학을구성하는요소 훌륭한철학자는확고한토대를바탕으로최고의논증을만들수있는사람 14 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

12 름麗 --- 뉴 _:, 떤讓鍵풍灣 * 활鍵觀 ; 記 i 대립쌍개념은문단서술빵1 에서흔히 비교 나 대조 로설명되는방식이다. 수능이나평가원모의고사에서출제하는까다로운문제들도 대립쌍 개념으로해결되는경우가많은데, 특히주의해야할것은대립쌍들이서로섞여서설명될때, 혼동하지않고대립쌍A 는대립쌍 A로, 대립쌍 B는대립쌍 B로연결을잘해야한다는것이다. 대립찜띨엄격히지켜가며글을읽어낼수있도록평소지문을읽을때충분히연습할필요가있다. 2. 다음글의빈효뻐 l 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 /15/3 월 /39] For the most part, people who live or wo k in cities walk throughout the day-to go from the parking lot to the office, to shop, and to run errands. It's often easier and cheaper to walk a few blocks than to wait for a taxi or subway. In this way, exercise can be structured into the daily routine. This is not the case for people who live in the suburbs. Because the suburbs are spread out, it s too far to walk to the office or run to the store. Walking to the bus stop used to provide at least some movement, but now most public transportation is limited, so suburban people drive everywhere. The price they pay is during the day. G] much time to commute less public transportation more transportation costs limited physical movement more movement than driving PART113 펀사람좋은이론 15

13 연결성 은 A는 B다, 대립쌍 개념과별개의것이아니다. A는 B다 와같이지문을요약하거나, 대립쌍 에도바로이 연결성 의개념이이미들어있다. 우리가읽는모든글, 특히논리적이고주장이뚜렷한글들은문장과문장이끈끈하게연결되어있으며, 바로이연결성을통해작가는자신이이야기하고자하는바를논리적이고치밀하게제시한다. A는 B다 에서 A는 A와관련된것들과 B는 B와관련된것들끼리, 대립쌍 A는대립쌍 A끼리, 대렵쌍 B는대립쌍 B끼리엄격하게연결되어있다. 이연결성을놓치지않고잘따라가야만, 우리는작가가글에서하고자하는바를찾을수있을뿐만아니라, 특히빈칸추론문제를해결하는데있어서도매우중요한역할을한다는것을알아야한다. 앞의 A는 B다 를설명하는데사용했던지문을다시사용하는이유는 A는 B다 와 연결성 이어떻게같은개념에속할수있는지를보기위해서이다. OSome of the most extensive research on the subject of 쁘뜨탤E as c nducted bγ George and Alec interviewed people acknowledged as successful in a wide γariety f areas: business, science, literature, education, religion, etc. 원The go려 of the researchers was to determine what 버ese high-achieving people had in common. 잉πiere was one thing theγ all had in c mm n:the willingness 꾀l of them agreed 16 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

14 ~?; 술蠻 that success wasn t some 난 ling that had just happened to them due to luck or special 뇨 happened because theγ d made.li happen through continu us of looking for shortcuts and waγs to aγoid hard work, these people welcomed it as a necess 않 γ part of the process. 떠점 ] 의 success 의 successful, 원의 의 It, it 과연결 되어있다. 이글의소재가되는 A 는바로이런연결성을갖는다. OSome of the most extensiγe was conducted bγ research on the subject of success George and Alec Gallup. ~They intervievred people acknowledged as successful in a wide γariety of areas: business, science, literature, education, religion, etc. ~The goal of the researchers was to determine what these high-achieving people had in c mmon. 잉 There was ne thing theγ all had in common: the willingness 왜 l of them agreed that success wasn't something that had just happened to them due to luck or special 않lents. It happened because theγ d made it happen through continuous of looking for shortcuts and ways to aγoid hard work, these people welcomed it as a necess 따 y part of the process. 떠점 ] 의 wasn t something that had just happened to them due to luck or special 의 continuous 의 hard work, a necess 따 y part of the process 와연결성을갖는다. 이런연결성에의해 B 를찾을수있으 며, 이런연결선장에서빈챈 ] work l ng, hard h urs 가가장적절하다고추론 PART1 I~ 은시람좋은이론 17

15 -...; 쩔뿜關얹 :,;,'.,,?. ' ' 펴 1톰擊 M; 이펀 t쫓녁 ;ξ편 혔. ~'f.. :,.. 혔 I ~. 철월 ''\):f,: ; 셔 \'.~..,;;x :< ι한 ν3 써 할수있다. 대립쌍개념을설명하기위해사용한앞의지문을통해대립쌍역시어떻게연결 성의다른개념인지를살펴보자. Oin philosophy, the best waγ to understand the concept f an argument is to contrast it with an opinion. θ1an opinion is simply a belief or attitude about someone or some난ling. 원1We express our opinions all the time: We loγe or hate certain films or dilierent ηpes of food. OFor the m st p따t, people s opinions are based almost always upon their 암ieydon tfeel they have to support their opinions with any kind of evidence. An argument is some남 ling a bit dilierent from is made to convince others that one s claims are σue. -πms, it is an attempt are the building blocks of philosophy, and the good philosopher is one who is able to create the best arguments based on a solid foundation. B점 ] CD present reasons in support of one s cl없ms develop one s 때n taste in each area compare one s opinions 띠m thers look into a deeper me없따ig of a b띠id up kn 1wledge f노om one s experiences 대립쌍 A belief or attitude about someone or something, e)we express our opini ns Theγ d n t all the time, Oare based almost alwaγs upon their feelings, feel they haγe to support their opinions with anγ kind of 18 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

16 - - r - - *,, ',O ~-- * J ι,, ; -? ; 흙 evidence 와연결된다는것을알수있다. 대립쌍 B는 tilt is made to corrγince others that one s cl외ms are it is an a다 empt to. Argi ments are the building blocks f philosophγ, and the good philosopher is one who is able to create the best arguments based on a s lid foundation와연결된다는 것을알수있다. 이런연결성을통해빈칸에는대립쌍맙 + 관련된내용이필요하지, 대립쌍 A가필요한것이아니라는것을알수있다. [ 고1 /15/11 월 /32] 3. 다음글의빈효뻐 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? While a home provides shelter and a place to gathe, it is also the safe place where we can express our feelings and enjoy some of the most important and meaningful events in ou lives. Therefore, designing a home is a very personal venture 1 strongly believe that a home provides ; your space should look like you and no ne elseeven if you are using an inte ior designe. While some designers love a blank slate and the freedom to do whatever they want, 1 prefer to work with clients who have an opinion and a story, and 1 always want the end result to be the best possible version of thei taste. G] a place which guarantees a personal life symbolic subject that attracts many 바ect building that shows designe s taste a shelter in which they share their experience a canvas on which we can illust ate who we a e PART1 조은사람좋은이론 19

17 하나의문댐1서구체적이고세부적인내용을포괄히는추상적개념을 일반화 라고한다. 따라서일반화라는말은구체화라는말과상대적개념이다. 하나의문단은일반화와구체화로이루어지는데, 일반햄l 해당등1 는것이주제문이고, 구체화에해당하는것이보충설명문이다. 그리고일반화어l 해당히는부분이주제문이기때문에빈칸은주로일반화부분에제시된다. 다음한글로제시된문단을통해일반화와구체화헤대해살펴보자. 여- 러분의-대판홍물의펠뽑한팔짧흡? 렌쩔핸權摩짧쓸훌줍총흉뀌추븐것-헤충요한다. 빔를들언, 여러분의애완동물이운동을좋아하고, 에너지가넘치는개라면매일밖으로데리고나가서한시간동안공을쫓아다니게하면실내에서다루기가훨씬더쉬워질것이다. 여러분의고양이가수줍음을타고겁이많다면의상을차려입고고양이품평회쇼에나가서자신의모습을보여주는것을원치않을것이다. 이와비슷하게, 여러분은마코앵무새가항상조용하고가만히있기를기대해서는안된다. 그들은천성적으로시끄럽고감정에사로잡히기쉬운동물이며여러분의아파트가열대우림만큼소리를잘흡수하지못하는것은그들의잘못 l 아니다. 윗글에서일반회는첫문장 애완동물의특별한욕구를인식하고그것을존중해 주는것이중요하다 이고, 구체화는 예를들어 다음의문장들이다. 즉, 다시말 20 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

18 --$---! --뿔e ιr 뤘柳쫓 g 휠혔 해서첫문장이글의주제문 ] 고나머지문장들은이주제문을보충설명하는글 이다, 그리고위와같은문단은다음과같은빈칸추론문제로의출제가가능하다. 여려분텔 -- ' -:.-, ~ ~ 덴춤표하다. < 멈를들언, 여러분의애완동물이운동을좋아하고에너지가넘치는개라면매일밖으로데리고나가서한시간동안콩을쫓아다니게하면실내에서다루기가훨씬더쉬워질것이다. 여러분의고양이가수줍음을타고겁이많다면의상을차려입고고양이품평회쇼에나가서자신의모습을보여주는것을원치않을것이다. 이와비슷하게, 여러분은마코앵무새가항상조용하고가만히있기를기대해서는안된다. 그들은천성적으로시끄럽고감정에사로잡히기쉬운동물이며여러분의아파트가열대우림만큼소리를잘흡수하지못하는것은그들의잘못이아니다. 따라서이와같은빈칸추론문제의경우구체적예를제시하는 예를들어 이하의문장 들을종합하여하나의포괄적이고일반적진술로나타낸표현을탑으로찾아야한다. 여러분의애완동물의특별한욕구를인식하고그것을존중해주는것이중요하다. 예를들어, 여러분의애완동물이운동을좋아하고, 에너지가넘치는개라면매일밖으로데리고나가서한시간동안콩을쫓아다니게하면실내에서다루기가훨씬더쉬워질것이다 여러분의고양이가뿔붉환괄灣철購 φ]; 歸다면의상을차려입고고양이품평회쇼에나가서자신의모 습을보여주는것을원치않을것이다 이와비슷하게, 여러분은마코앵 무새가항상조용하고가만히있기를기대해서는안된다.@ 그들은천성적으로시끄럽고감정에사로잡히기쉬운동물이며여러분의아파트가열대우림만큼소리를잘흡수하지못히는것은그들의잘못이아니다. PART1 l 조은시람좋은이론 21

19 텀과책 G 흙 -- ~ - - 풋흘.:.d~ 이글은첫문장의주제문과나머지문장의보충설명문으로구성되어있음을살펴보았다. 보충설명문, 즉구체화꿰해당하는여 ] 시 는개, 는마코앵무새와같은애완동물의욕구를인식하고존중해주는것에해당한다. 윗글의빈칸은구체적예시인 가운데에서 에빈칸을제시하였는데, 빈칸다음의 의상을차려입고고양이품평회쇼에나가서자신의모습을보여주는것을원치않을것이다 라는말을통해빈칸에들어갈내용을추론할수있다. 지금까지의설명을통해종합해보면, 빈칸추론문제는일반화부분이나, 구체화부분에빈칸이제시될수있다. 일반화부분이빈칸으로제시된경우에는구체화부분의내용을포괄하는내용을찾으면되고, 구체화의경우에는주제인일반화부분과의연결선싣배1서빈칸을찾으면된다. 다음에제시된지문을통해일반화와구체화에해당히는영어빈칸추론문제를해결해보자. 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 16 학년도 6 월 32 번 ] OPe ple have. ~For example, a person might buy a bottle of 찌 rater, but 라 ter reading an article on p s 하 ble risks of pl잃tic bottles, that S없ne person might aγoid an iden: 뎌cal b t바e of water the next daγ. ~When a γear later this S없ne person flies to 없없다-plastics conference and crashes in the desert, a plastic bottle of water might suddenly become one f the m st valuable things in the un:iverse-t that person, at that time, and in that place. 0This pers n sh 1ws a preference for one thing γer another and demonstrates a ranking and ordering ofγalueswith eγe디r ch ice and everγ action. 떠점 ] 22 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

20 φ economic freedom of choice sm와t strategies on consumption different reactions to natural disasters their own waγs of saγing the environment changing γalues depending on the situation 윗글을보면, 첫문장에빈칸이있고, 빈칸다음문장은 For example(' 예를들어 ) 로시작되고있는것을통해볼때, 빈칸이있는문장이주제문임을알수있다. 따라서주제문에빈칸이있는윗글은 예를들어 의보충설명문들을종합하여, 전체를포괄할수있는하나의일반화된것을찾으면된다. 의문장에서는 플라스틱병의위험성에대한기사를읽고물병을멀리할수도있다 는내용이다. 원과 에서는 비행기를타고가다가사막에추락한다면플라스틱병에든물한병이그때그곳에서는갑자기세장에서가장귀중한것이될수도있다는내용, 번문장의 매번선택하고행동할때마다가치의등위와순서를매긴다는것을보여준다 를종합등 R서빈캠1는 상햄1 따라변하는가치관 이가장적절하다는것을알수있다. 또한 9번문장은플라스틱병에대한부정적가치괜- 을 과 에서는플라스틱병에대한긍정적가치괜 +} 을갖는다는것을통해서도빈칸을추론할수있다. 이상과같이우리는 일반화 어떤식으로빈칸추론문제로출제되는지를살펴보 았다. 이제위와같은지문이 구체화 와관련하여빈칸으로출제될수있는가능 성에대해살펴보자. PART1 조은사람좋은이론 23

21 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 16 학년도 6 월 32 번 ] OPeople haγe 'Qli 홉펴흠 ; 磁術織 j 짧 -- 빡 h 걷 뇨 it 다짧 뇨 { ~For ex 없 nple, a person might buγ a bottle of water, but after reading an article on possible risks of plastic b ttles, that S 없 ne person might a 찌펴 _:::i, 끄 id~ 빡 - 값비雄 6 책繼 the next daγ. 굉 1Whena γear later this S 없 ne person flies to an anti-plastics conference and crashes in the desert, a pl 잃 tic bo 삐 e of water migh 뾰훨續鼠퍼 B 뚫셀뚫 j 뚫 of 만 l~il 끄않때펴 hi 택. in the uniγerse-t that person, at that time, and in that place. OThis person shows a preference for one thing oγeran ther and demonstrates a ranking and ordering ofγalueswith everγ ch ice and eγerγ ac 다 n. 뎌점 ] CD economic freedom of choice smart strategies on consumption different reacti ns to natural disasters their cwn waγs of saγing the environment changing 떠lues depending on the situation 주제문인첫문장은 사람들은상햄1 따라변하는가치관을가지고있다 이다. 이주제문에서특히중요한것은 상햄따라변하는가치관 이다. 예를들어 다음문장에서이 상햄1 따라변하는가치관 의예가어떻게제시되는가를잘살펴보면,9번문장에서는 플라스틱병에관한기사를읽고플라스틱물병을멀리할수도있다는내용 즉플라스틱병에대한부정적시각이기술되어있고, 링과 번문장에서는 플라스틱물병에대한긍정적시각 을다루는내용이다. 따라서주제문을보충설명하기위한두가지구체화는 플라스틱물병에대한부정적시각 ( 문 24 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

22 룹룹, $ 쫓쓸灣짧 장 ~) 과 플라스틱물병에대한긍정적시각 ( 문장굉, ) 으로나눌수있다. 따라서, 빈칸의위치는문장 9의 avoid an identical bottle of water에올수도있고, become one of the most valuable things에올것이라고여 ] 측할수있다. 따라서지금까지설명한 일반화 나 구체화 이론을통해빈칸추론문제를좀더논리적으로접근할수있다. [ 고1 /15/6월/18] 4. 다음글의빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? A number of studies have shown that can have a majo impact on the amo 니 nt of weight lost and on success in weight maintenance. Black & Threl 뎌 found that overweight patients with normal-weight partners lost significantly more weight than those with overweight partners. They also noted that success was g eater in those patients whose partners had also lost weight even though they were not included in the program, suggesting that recommended changes were being actively supported by the spouse. Similarly, Pratt found that drop-out ates were reduced when the patient s spouse was included in a weightcontrol program. φ overweight partners wanting to be slim the amount of food patient ate du ing normal-weight partners who lost weight easily the body weight and attitudes of a patient s how persistently a partner controlled a patient s diet PART1 죠은사람좋은이론 25

23 재진술은 바꿔쓰기 (paraphrasing) 를말한다. 영어는같은단어나말을동의어나반대표현틀을통해바꿔쓰는경우가많다. 바꿔쓰기대상은단어, 구, 그리 고문장전체가될수있으며흔히문단구조가주제문 1 + 보충설명문 + 주제문 2 로이루어진경우주제문2는주제문1의바꿔쓰기인경우가대부분이다. 다음한글문장과지문을통해어떤식으로재진술및다시쓰기가활용되는지살펴보자. 구가단어로바꿔쓰기된예평가원에서출제한빈칸추론문제는휩첸짧짧찮. 다시말해서깊은사고력과논리력을갖추지많은학생들은 9월모의평가에출제된빈칸추론문제 를---생각했다. 문 ; 상이한단어로바꿔쓰기된예 ( 대명사표현도패러프례이즈이다.) 봐도대부분의투자자들이투7.} 를처음시작할때저지르는가장큰실수는손실을보고공활쌀태폐팩때뜰짧이다. 임정은확고하고장기적인계획을세우는데주된장애물이다. 다음영어지문을통해 재진술, 바꿔쓰기 표현들을찾아보자. [ 고 1 16 학년도 6 월 22 번 ] OWhen γou face a severe source of stress, γou maγ fight back reacting immediatelv. ~While 남iis served your ancestors well when theγ W맘ξ밟aCked _by _a 때le[~ 없im며, π is less helpful todaγ unless γou j뼈 ait: 쉽ced physi~8.jly. 원Technology makes it much easier to 26 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

24 worsen a situation with a quick resoonse. OI know I haγe been guiltγ of responding too quicklv to people, on in p않ticular, in a harsh 쁘쁘 that on1γmade things w rse. The more something causes γour heart to race, the more imp rtant it is to step back before speaking or ηping a single word. This will giγe γou time to think things through and find a aγ to deal with the other person in a heal산lier 의 fight back, reacting immediately 는링의 a quick response, responding too q띠 C념 y, 그리고잉의 in a harsh t ne 의 in a healthier 의재rere attacked bγ a 때ld 없irnal은같은문장의 are attacked phγsically와바꿔쓰기표현이다. 다음한글지문에서 재진술, 바꿔 쓰기 가빈칸추론으로출제된예를살펴보자. 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고1 16학년도 6월 31 번 ] 봐도대부분의투자자들이투자를처음시작할때저지르는가장큰실수는손실을보고공황상태에빠지는것이다. 이것은확고하고장기적인계획을세우는데주된장애물이다. 우리는돈을벌기위해열심히일하고, 그돈이불어나서우리에게수익을가져다주기를원한다그러나대부분의초보투자자들이이해하지못하는것은주식시징헤투자하는것에는위험성이있다는것과위험성으로인해때때로손실을본다는것이다. 비록투자한주식가격이떨어지고있다고해서이것은파첼창隱평쉽쉴핸l 進쩍歸팩헬뺨뽑鍵聽觀원 ] 핫 ; 낀는짚릎는챈 ~- 중요한것은투자가로서우리는환젠績썽羅함! 灣웰휩網핸 ; 챔창핵l; 춰충순 ~of환다는것이다. 그러므로주식포트폴리오뿐만아니라개인적투자에있어서도--- 협동심 PART1 조은사람좋은이론 27

25 위문장 그투7-} 를성급하게포기해야한다는것을의미하지않는다 와 단기손실보다는장기적인성장에집중해야한다 를한마디로표현하면바로 안내심 이다. 이와같이 재진술, 바꿔쓰기 는 문장 을 한단어 로전환하는표현이되기도한다. 이제위의지문이변형되어출제될가능성에대해생각해본다면, 다음과같은빈칸추론문제를예상해볼수있다. 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고1 16학년도 6월 31 번 ] OPerhaps the biggest mistake that most investors make when theγ first begin investing is getting into a panic over is a major bstacle t making a strong and long-lasting plan. ~We work hard for our moneγ, and we W없 it to see π grow and work hard for us. 0But what mo얀 begin띠ng investors don t understand is that investing in the stock market is a risk, and that with risk, γou sometimes take an investment maγ be falling in price, ~t 파Q 몇 :ii~ti me펴 y6때훨틸f띈때趙줬훨鍵趙鍵때홉끓. The point is, as investors, we 騙 j꾀d꾀디ffoc:: 꾀i-on~sfi~ 디난곤te-rrii]ci~ 뚫닐,_ b꾀il~~ 띨따 1til뀔흥 ~~ 깅i 펴 :; be patient 때en it comes to not only your stock portfolio but to personal inγestments as well. *st ck: 주식, 증권 의 it doesn t mean you haγe to abandon it in a 의 should not focus on short-term losses, but rather n l ng-term growth를 patient라는단어로바꿔쓰기할수있다고하였으므로, 반대로 patient 가빈칸이아닌,@ 에서빈칸을예상할수있다. 가빈칸위치로서는더적절한데, 에서빈칸을제시해야할경우, should not focus on short-term losses, but rather n long-term growth에서 short-term 28 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

26 ! 찌 ; 織.;;; 획 } --때 r 혔풋풀 ~~ 혔파 과 long-term이라는대립어가너무확연히드러나기때문에정탑을쉽게추론할수있기때문이다. 의 itdoesn tmeanγou ha:γeto abandon it in a rush가더적절하다. 이와같이 재진술, 바꿔쓰기 개념은빈칸추론문제뿐만아니라영어유형별문제해결에도매우중요한것이므로1 지문을읽을때어떤식으로재진술및바꿔쓰기되어있는지를주의깊게살펴보아야할것이다. 5. 다음글의빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1/15/9 월 /31] It is impo tant to understand how vision works, because from the first time you start looking at a situation, you are also making use of you existing knowledge. lf you are at a baseball game, how do you know where to look? lf you have never been to a game before, then the whole thing is probably a complex mess. You may miss a lot of the action, because you can t predict what is going to happen next. As you learn more about baseball and develop some understanding of the game, you learn where to look and what objects are important to find. At first you might focus n the pitcher and hitte. Late still, you might notice whether the infielder is playing in or back, or you might check out where the outfielders have chosen to stand for a particula hitter. The more you know about baseball, the more that knowledge informs CD how you see a game that you vision you concentrate on why you observe the rules when you predict the game PART1 l 조은시람좋은이론 29

27 확증편향 Confirmation Bias 자신의신념과일치하는정보는받아들이고일치하지않는정보는무시하는경향, 즉자신이생각하는바를확증하려고인지적왜곡을범하는현상이다. 객관적i로무엇이옳든자기가믿는방향을고수하게된다고해서내쪽편향 (Mγside Bias) 이라고도한다. 출제지문 : 2014학년도대수능 B형 36먼지문 2014 인터넷수능영어독해연습종합편 2강 4번지문 대조효과 Contrast Effect 대상을지각할때, 시간적, 공칸적으로각깎안접한것과대조해서현재의대상을지각하는것을말한다. 사물을있는그대로독립적으로지각하지않고다른것에영향을받아실제보다그특성을과장해서혹은축소해서지각하여생기는편향이다. 대비효과 라고도한다. 도박사의오류 Gambler s Fallacy 사건이일어날확률이미리결정되어있음에도그전후에일어난사건에영향을받아사컨의확률이변할것이라고칙각하는현상. 독립적으로일어나는확률적사건이서로의확률에영향을미친다는칙Z벼 l서발생하는오류이다. 몬테카를로오류 (Monte Carl Fallacy) 라고도한다. 출제지문 ; 고 학년도끼월모의고사 33 번지문 I리즈 늘해의기술빈칸혐입문옳擊.. r 옳--

28 Part2 쪼른 λ} 람 l 좋은틈플폐 l

29 임햄 [ 고 1 /15/3 월 /33] 다음빈엠1 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? when γou haγe a newborn babγ. It can seem like γou d not haγe 따ne to prepare t없다r nutritious meals r even to eat them. You vvill need to learn the following trick. Try not t wait until γou are really hungry to think about eating. When γ u haγe a newborn baby, preparing food vvill probablγ take longer than usu삶. If you start when γ u are 삶readγ hungry, γou vvill be absolutely starving before the food is ready. When γou 와e st않γing and t뇨ed, eating healthγ is difficult. You maγ want to eat fa따 r f잃 t food, chocolates, c okies r chips. This ηpe f food is okay sometimes, but not eγerydaγ. CD It is not alwaγs e않γ to eat need to have a balanced diet γouhaγe to prepare various foods It is important not to eat fast food It is necessary to exercise regular]γ 32 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 - >

30 m F끄얀뾰앉2 댐빈캠들어갈많 7찜적램웠 [ 고1/15/3월 /38] Shoppers usuallγ haγe a 교nited amount of money to spend and a limited amount f 따 ne t shop It is important t realize that shopping is really a friend, a salespers n,. You maγ obtain information from an advertisement, a iabel, a magazine article, the Internet, or seγeral other sources. You maγ also gain information fr m a 다 ual use of the product, such as t 찌 ng on a dress, test-dri 찌 ng a car, or taking adγantage of a promotion at a fitness center. Howeγer, shoppers sh uld understand that getting any of these sources of information has costs. These cos 않 maγ include transportation costs and time. Onlγ γou can decide whether to take the costs or a Pi m많야 n S.n πn 따hs Jm π와a a a a 간k ) 뾰따샤빼않따 패없때떠m 따P{1-m -하μψ뺑뻐때l s h p 햄때J

31 3 램빈캠 1 들어갈뱉 7 찜적절한웠 [ 고 1 /15/6 월 /20] Haγe γou been abroad? Do γou traγel a lot? Then γou know what I m talking about. Whereγer γ u go on this gl be, γou can get along with En밟ish. Either most people speak 江 anγho, or there is at least somebodγ around who can communicate in this language. But then, γou realize that mostlγ there s s mething γou may find odd about the waγ English is used there. If γou are abr ad, English is 파 ;elγ to be somewhat different fo m the aγ γou speak it. Well, if you staγ there, whereγer that is, for a while, γou H get used to this. And if you staγthere eγen longer, γoumaγ eγen pick up some of these features and begin to sound like the locals. What this example teaches us is: CD English has been a world language CID Learn English to interact with the l cals There are manγ Englishes around the pr nunci때on of English sh uld be clear It is necess따y to speak En밟ish to studγ abroad 3,~ J 훨 H 웬 솔시리즈 l 독해막기술빈칸추콤핍문 ''.'.:.

32 램빈샘들어갈멜 7 댐적절한꼈? [ 고 1 /15/6 월 /32] Inastudγ of 500 marriages, one researcher determined that marital success is more closelγ linked to communication skills than to any ther factor. Above all, get rid of distractions: the TV, the Internet, and . What y u and your spouse need is qu메tγ time to t려k. My wife and I have some of our best talks on our eve띠ng w머ks.a q띠 et drive can Wi rk wonders to. One hardworking couple I know regularlγ gets together for lunch. They know it s essential. A marriage without is a marriage headed oγer a cliff. How can you settle differences ifγ u don t h nestlytalk them ut? And it s not just t리king. It s listening. As a counselor, I γe listened to people for hours. The results are incredible. I ve seen people move from t tal confusion to total clarity just because I listened to them. Some 라 ling powerful happens inside most people when theγ are listened to. φ house to live in music to listen t friends to pla:γ빼th moneγ to support it time to communicate

33 햄 띤 [ 고 1/15/6월 /33] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Friends. Can you imagine what life would be 파 ;e without them? Who would γou hang ut with during lunch? Who would γou tell about the new boγ in γour historγ class? Let s face it. Without friends, the world would be a pretty lonelγ place. Although friends and friendship mean different things to different people, most people realize that friends are pre 얀 γ imp rtant. While it s fun to read what other people haγe said about friendship, what matters m st is what you think of when y u hear the word friend.' γour own personal definition of friendship has a lot to d with. If, for instance, γou belieγe that l γalty goes hand in hand with friendship, γou 않e probablγ a loγal friend γ urself. If you belieγe a friend is sαneone 재rh H go out of her waγ f r you, maγbe just to pick up a homew rk assignment you missed when you were sick, it s likelγ that you d als go out of your way for γour friends. CD when γ u make use γour friends whγ γou need loγal friends what kind of friend γouare what γour friends do for γou

34 6 맴뺀들어갈뿔깐적절한쨌 [ 고 1/15/6 월 /36] There are many situations 재 rhere other people tγ to bγ changing the atmosphere of the environment; probablγ γou have 려readγ done the same. For example, let us imagine that a man is in the unfortunate situation where he forgot his 재redding anniγersary. The m없 l tries to rescue 버e situation bγ preparing a self-cooked, candlelit dinner for his wife with r mantic background music. Whether or not he is aware of it, a candlelit dinner is a fantastic waγ to influence a person s mood. When the man s wife enters the room, she is surprised bγ the delicious aroma of the outstanding dinner he has prepared. The low-level light of the candle puts her in a relaxed spirit And finally, romantic music does the rest to make the wife willing to accept the husband's apologγ for the mistake. CD raise an influence our mood forget their mistake s따pr엄e their spouse remember anniγersary

35 햄 [ 고 1 /15/6 월 /38] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Fundamental differences maγ exist between men and women. Perhaps as a child γou remember going to γour mother when γou broke that garage window with a baseball. You went to γ ur m ther instead f γour father, because mom would be less likely to be upset. A 얀udy at Ohio State Universitγ found that women s blood pressure r업 es less than men s in response to 없 objective sσessor. Other research, however, suggests that, as a whole, women maγ feel more stress than men. Ronald Kessler did a H따γard 양udγ and found that women because theγ generally take a more far-reaching γiew of life. F r ex없nple, women may woπγ about manγ things at a time, while manγ men can classify their worries, dealing with onlγ ne pr, blem or stressor before moving on to the next ne. φ liγe more actiγe hγes feel stress more often are less sensitive than men handle one problem at each step experience increase of blood pressure 38 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈현론뱉 J ι~\;,

36 2 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 /15/6 월 /39] Students maγ not spontaneous}γ bring their prior knowledge to bear on new le밍피ng situations. It is important to help 앞udents activate prior knowledge so they can b띠ld on it productively. Indeed, research sugge얀s that can activate students re leγant prior knowledge to positiγe effect. For instance, in one f와 nous 얀udy by Gick and Holyoak, college 얀udents were presented -with two problems that required them to apply a certain mathematical concept. The researchers found that eγen when the students knew the solution to the first pr blem, the vast maj ri 디 r did not think to apply a similar solution to the second problem. Howeγer, when the instructor suggested to students that theγ think about the second problem in relation to the first, 80 percent of the student p밟ticipants were able to solve it. In other words, -with minor prompts and simple reminders, instructors can actiγate releγant pri r knowledge so that students draw on it more effectiγely. CD only instructors' proper teaching to understand mathematical concept exercising many problems frequently applying knowledge to new eγen small insσuctional interventions,, ::,,c, f)~,1';:::: :;:, 테배.F:IJ 성뿔밤훨혈세 ; 歡戀

37 싫필 E 컴햄 3 댐빈샘들어갈뱉 7 찜적절한것펀 [ 고 1 /15/9 월 /26] Henrγ Kissinger was a master at. His chief of staff once handed in a repoπ he had written n foreign policγ. When Kissinger received the rep rt, he asked simplγ, Is 버is γour best work? The chief th ught for a moment and, worried that his boss would 라iink the report was not good enough, responded, Mr. Kissinger, I can d better. So Kissinger gaγe the report back. Two weeks later the chief turned in the revised report. Kissinger kept it f r a week and then sent it back with a note that said, 'Are γou sure this is γour best work? Realizing that something must haγe been missing, the chief nceag려n rewrote the report. 돼디S 따ne when he handed the report to his boss he said, Mr. Kissinger, this is my best ork. Upon hearing this, Kissinger replied, Then this time I will read y ur report. CDb thering his men revising a st빠 s repoπ getting people s best work negotiating with foreigners noticing something missing 40 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

38 램빈캠 1 들어갈뱉찍적절한꼈? [ 고 1/15/9 월 /33] When children turn f ur, theγ start to consider what other people are thinking. If, for instance, γou show a four-γear-old a packet of gum and ask what s inside, she ll saγ, Gum. You open the packet and show her that inside there s a pencil instead of gum. Ifγou ask her what her mother, who s waiting outside, will think is in the packet once it s been reclosed, she ll say, Gum, because she knows her mother hasn t seen the pencil. But children under the age of four will generally say that their mother will think there s a pencil inside because children of this age cannot γet imagine the world beγond their own reality. Theγ think because theγ C와mot model someone else s mind and, in this case, realize that some ne must see something in order to know it. G] the other is cheating none can know what he see eγeryone knows what theγ know theγ can t predict mother s mind people sometimes avoid the point

39 햄 띈맴뺀1 들어갈꿇챔적절한것윈 [ 고 1 /15/11 웰 20] The fast pace of todaγ s life앞yle has us p파ng one thing on top of another. But γou should know that multitasking doesn t saγe anγ time. Verγ often, m띠.titas쉽ng onlγ slows γou down, contraη to popular belief. Give γour whole f cus to what you re doing at the moment no matter what it is. While doing the laundrγ, just do the laundrγ: Listen to the sound of the water as it fills the washing machine and feel the clothes in γour hand. It doesn't t삶e up anγ more 따ne than it would when done with γour phone pressed t γour ear The S없ne applies to γour work. Focus on and you 11 accomplish each task better, and probablγ faster. CD one task at a time what a boss 재rhat γouare g d at tasks saγing γour time manγ important 난파 igs 42 독해의 71 솔써리즈 j 독해의 7J 솔빈뺨론뱉 ; ;

40 6 댐뺀들어갈뱉짝적현웠 [ 고 1 /15/11 월 /21] We haγe all had the experience of suddenly n ticing 남 iat a source of constant background noise, such as a distant ja따iamrner or music 삼om a stαe, has j밍t ceased-γet we hadn t noticed the sound while it was ongoing. γour auditorγ areas were predicting i얹 continuati n, moment 값ter moment, and as long as γou paid it n attention. Bγ ceasing, it γiolated γ0따 prediction and attracted γour a뾰 ention. Here s a historical example. Right after New γorkci디 r stopped running elevated trains, people called the police in the middle of the night claiming that something w ke them up. They tended to call around the time the trains used to m끄 past their ap따tments. φ the sound wasn t the noise didn t concentrated on the work anγone didn t inform you the noise background music wasn t attractiγe

41 싫행廳행 [ 고 1/15/11 월 /22] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? You mi밟lt h따e heard of such stories f expeπ intuition: the chess master who walks past a street g밍ne and 없mounces 'White ma얻s in three" vvithout stopping, or the phγsician who makes a complex diagn sis 삶 ter a single glance at a pa 뎌 ent. Expert intuition 밟 ikes us as magical, but it is not. Indeed, each of us manγ times each daγ. Most of us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the f뇨 st word of a telephone call and recognize as we enter a room that we 재rere the subject of the conversation. Our eγerydaγ intuitive abilities are no less m없velous than the striking insights of an experienced chess m않t많 orphγsician- nlγ more c rnmon. CD nγ to acq띠re expert intuition are hesitant to do our routines repeats mistakes notices masters magical rms feats of intuitiγe expertise 44 독해의기술 λi 리즈 l 독해의기솔빈 ξ 탤론입문

42 2 램빈캔들어갈뿔깐적절한것은? [ 고 1 /15/11 월 /31] Judgements about flaγor are often influenced bγ predictions based on the appearance f the food. For example, strawberηr-flaγored foods 찌7 uld be expected to be red. However, if colored green, because f the association f green foods with flaγors such as lime, it would be difficult unless it was γery strong. Color intensi 디 r also 값 fects flaγor perception. A stronger color maγ cause perception of a stronger flavor in a product, eγen if the stronger color is simplγ due to the addition of more food coloring. Texture also can be misleading. A thicker product may be perceived as tasting richer or stronger simplγ because it is thicker, and not because the thickening agent affects the flavor of the food. φ to weaken the flavor of lime CID to change the color f 앉rawberry to eliminate the effect of the taste to identify the flaγor as strawberry to find which fruits are m re delicious

43 질별 F 행행 3 댐빈뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것펀 [ 고 1/15/11 월 /33] Houses in flames, crops stolen, and hasty graγes for the dead. This was the legacγ of Attila s Huns, sweeping acr ss northern Italy and causing rnassiγe destruction to the remains of the Roman Empire. But theγ unintentionallγ. Refugees from burning cities 찌re re desperate to find safe refuge. As things got worse, more Roman citizens streamed t the 찌retlands to aγoid the mass killings and destruction on the mainland. 0γer the next few centuries theγ transf1 rmed the tough SUIT undings into an architectural wonder: Venice! Built ut of misfortune, Venice eventuallγ turned into one of the richest and most beautif띠 cities in the world. Thus harsh necessitγ can be the mother of glorious invention. CD drove refugees to look f r another lands left another, more positive legacγ as well forced γictims to b띠ld a wonderful b띠1버ng de않roγedmanγ houses of innocent citizens caused Roman citizens to deγelop the wetlands A~ 독해의영 I 술시리즈 l 독해의기술

44 댐빈캠들어갈뿔 7 합적절한것펀 [ 고 1 /16/9 월 /20] Kids learn mostl:γ bγ example. They model their 1wn behaγior after their parents and their older siblings. If γour kids haγe bad eating habits, ask γourself how that happened in the first place. Ifγou eat a poor diet γourself, neglect γour health, or smoke and drink in front of them, v u shouldn t be surprised when γour children go down the S없ne road. So be a good role model and set the stage for healthγ ea따 ig at home and when γou eat out as a far 띠 ly.. Do not expect γour kids to know for themselves what is good for them. CD Spare the rod, spoil the t cry before γou are hurt The parent is the best judge of the child Your actions speak louder than your words 만iere is no rest for a fa.milγ with manγ children

45 행햄 5 램빈캠 1 들어갈꿇 7 댐적절한것윈 In 2000, the government in Glasgow, Scotland, [ 고 1/16/9 월 /23] 0표icials hired a team to beautify the city bγ installing a series of blue lights in γarious noticeable locations. In theory, blue lights are more attractiγe and calming than the γellow and white lights that illuminate much of the ci 다 r at night, and indeed the blue lights seemed to cast a soothing glow. M nths passed and the ciψ s crime statisticians noticed a 앉rikingtrend: The locations that were newlγ bathed in blue experienced a dramatic decline in crin 따 lal actiγi 다 r. The blue lights in Glasgow, which mimicked the lights atop p lice cars, seemed t imp}γ that the police were alwaγs 재ratching. The lights were neγer designed to reduce crime, but that s exactly what theγ appeared to be doing. φ changed lights which kept drivers from driving at found that its new policγ didn t help to decrease crime r값es looked f r crime preγen ti on p licy through statisticians' help tried inst려파lg blue lights, not γellow lights to beautify the ci다 appeared t stumble on a remarkable crime preγention strategy

46 6 맴빈캠 1 들어갈뿔 7 합적절한것펀 [ 고 1/16/9 월 /31] Consider your 대 pical daγ. γou wake up in the morning and pour yourself j띠ce from oranges grown in Fl rida and coffee fr m beans gro n in Brazil. Over bre밟ast, γou watch a news program broadcast 좌om New γorkon γourteleγision made in Japan. γou get dressed in clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand. Eγerγ day, you many people, most of whom γou do not know, to provide you with the goods and services that you enjoγ. Such interdependence is possible because people trade 쩌th one another. Those people proγiding γou goods and services are not acting out of generosi다 r. Nor is some g γemment agency directing them to satisfy γour desires. Instead, people provide you and other consumers with the goods and services theγproduce because they get something in reh 江 n. CD control rely on wait for converse with,... : PART21 조은 λ 밤좋은문제랭 ι

47 싫쩔짧햄 [ 고 1 /16/9 월 /32] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? A 양udγ in the] oumal of Experimental Social Psychology suggests a waγ to make negotiations go smoother. In 벼is studγ, when c liege students who negotiated the purchase of a motorcγde over an online instant messenger believed theγ were phγsicallγ distant (more than 15 m괴e빙, negotiations were easier and showed more compromise than 재rhen participants belieγed they ere closer (a few feet). The experimenters expl없n that when people, theγ consider the factors in a more abstract waγ, focusing on the main issues rather than getting hung up on less important points. s next time you haγe to work out a complex deal, the researchers saγ, may be worthwhile to begin from a distance. it φ are farther apart meet face to face W없 it to saγe co양s negotiate the purchase intend to trade product,50 독해의기술지리전독해의기술빈칸추론합?

48 2 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Frank B 닮 rett, [ 고 1 /16/9 월 /35] an org 없괴 zational behaγior expert, explains that disrupting routines and 1 o쉴ng at a situation from another s perspectψe can. In a lecture, Barrett shares the storγ of an airline that was dealing with many complaints about their customer service The airline s leaders held a workshop to focus on h to create a better experience for 남ieir customers. While eγe디rone else was in meetings n the firstdaγ of the workshop, the airline s vice president f marketing had the beds in each leader s hotel room replaced with airline seats After having spent that night in airline seats, the c mp anγ s leaders came up with some radical innoγati ns. If he had n t disrupted their sleeping routines and allowed them t experience their customers' discomfort, the workshop may haγe ended without anγ noteworthγ changes. CD show leaders to new s lutions keep us from focusing cause a few complaints m밟e a different atmosphere

49 실전 04 호 3 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /2 이. You want to send the message that what the speaker is saγ:ing is important to you. That message will ring hollow if you answer γour cell ph ne and put the speaker on hold. If γour cell phone rings while γou are in a conversation, fight the urge to answer. For reas ns unknown, most people feel compelled to answer a ringing phone. The fact that γour cell phone is ringing doesn t mean γ u haγe to answer π. Rarely are phone calls urgent. If no message is left, 난lat is clear}γ the case. And if a message is left, γou can listen to it, usually in a ma다 er of minutes, nee γour conversation has 옮꾀shed. Eγen in todaγ s tech-savvy orld, an없rering phone calls during a conγersation is disrespec바띠, CD Exactlγ express what you want to conveγ to others Turn off your cell phone before γ u meet important people Your message will be deliγered to the partner without anγ 며ffic버다T D n t let distractions interrupt γour attentive liste띠ng to the speaker Show respectful attitude to the speaker 라ter your conversation has finished 52 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

50 램빈뺀들어갈뿔챔적절한짧 People are attracted to indiγiduals and things [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /31]. In the case with things, people are more attracted to a desired object because it is out of their reach. 때 'hen the object of desire is finallγ gained, the attraction for the object rapidlγ decreases. Christmas presents provide a good example f this phen menon. Toys children wanted all year long are thrown awaγ seγeral days 라ter theγ are taken from gift boxes under the tree. The phenomenon also holds 얀ue for human interaction, particularlγ in the earlγ stages of a deγeloping relati nship. The common dating rule has scientific merit. An individual should n t always make himself or herself rea 며 ly aγ 때 able to the person they are targeting for a longerterm relationship. A cert 없 n leγel of unaγailabiliψwill m 삶 e you more of a mγstery and a challenge. CD theγ consider 삼iat are desired objects that are readily C없mot readily obtain with utwhich theγ can t liγe ' ' - ;' PART21 조은챔좋은문제 53

51 -- 싫짧짧헥 5 댐빈뺀들어갈뿔찌적협꼈? [ 고1/16/11 월 /31] People are attracted to individuals and 난파lgs theγ cannot readi1γ obtain. In the case with things, pe ple because π is are more attracted to a desired object. When the object of desire is finally gained, the attracti n f r the object rapidlγ decreases. Christmas presents pro 띠 de a good example of this phenomen n. Toγs children anted all γear long are thr 1vvnawaγ seγeral days after theγ are taken from gift boxes under the tree. The phenomenon also holds true for human interaction, particular}γ in the earlγ stages f a deγeloping relati nship. The common dating rule has scientific merit. An individual should n t always make himself or herself readily aγ없lable to the person theγ are targeting f r a longerterm relationship. A certain leγel of unavailabilitywill make γoumore of a my. 않 eη and a 다 T attractiγe always available out of their reach within their as a present 54 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 험출입완? 팩

52 * 댐빈캔들어갈뿔 7 찜적환쨌 [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /33] Questions conveγ interest, but sometimes the interest they c nγeγ is not closelγ related t what the person is tγing to saγ. Sometimes the distracti n is obvious. IfγOU re telling a friend all the unpleasant things γou experienced on γour γacation, and she interrupts with a lot of questions about where γou stayed, you won t feel listened to. At other times people seem to be following but can t help t찌ng to lead. These listeners force their own narratiγe structures on ur experience Their questions assume that our stories should fit their scripts: Problems should be denied or made to go awaγ ; Eγerγ ne should be together ; B띠lies must be confr nted. Bγ finishing our sentences, pumping us with questio끄s, and otherwise, controlling listeners violate our right to tell our wn stories. CD forcing us to 없핍rer their questions haγ뇨1g us come up with a new soluti n pushing us to saγ what theγ want to hear causing others to interrupt with our stories encouraging n닮rators to saγ about themselves

53 싫쩔廳헬 [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /33] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Questions corrγey interest, but sometimes the interest theγ corrγeγ is n t closelγ related to what the person is 얀γing to saγ. Sometimes the distraction is bγious. If γou re telling a friend all the unpleasant things γou experienced on y01끄 γacation, and she interrupts with a lot of questions about where γ u staγed, γou 찌ron t feel listened to. At other times pe ple seem t be following but can t help 얀찌ng to lead. These listeners. Their que않ions assume that our stories should fit their scripts: Pr blems should be denied or made to go awaγ ; Eγerγone should be together ; B버lies must be confronted. Bγ finishing our sentences, pumping us with que앞ions, and otherwise pushing us to say what they want to hear, controlling listeners γiolate our right to tell our O재m stones. CD are hesitant to 찌eld his turn to the next are accustomed to leading the conversation try to interrupt γour stories with their questions tend to finish the other s sentences intentionallγ force their own narratiγe structures on ur experience

54 2 댐뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것펀 [ 고 1/16/11 월 /35] When γou look at a map, γou maγ conclude-as commercial airline naγigators once did-that the best waγ t get fr m Amsterdam to Toky is to head in an easterlγ direction along what is known as the Mediterranean route. But look at a globe instead of a map, and γour perspective maγ change. Rather than heading east on the Mediterranean route; commercial planes g ing from Amsterdam to T kyo now fly north! 돼at s right.theγ take what is known as the polar route, flying over the North Pole to. 따aska, and then west to Tokyo-for a sa따 ngs of roughly 1,500 miles! What is the lesson here? After γou γe decided on a goal, work hard to accomplish it, but keep looking for waγs of achieving the goal more efficiently, perhaps from. This approach is s metimes known as reframing. φ an easy route a di표erent an밟e a nor난1 direction G) others' perspecti:γe m re short distance. ν? ) ι

55 흉행 3 램빈캔들어갈뿔챔적절한것펀 [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /36] Whγ does garbage exi얀 in the human system but not more broac:lly in nature? Nature is a beautiful harmonγ of systems whereby eγery system s output is a useful input for other 되rstems. An acorn that falls from a tree is an important input for a squirrel that eats it. The bγ-product of that delicious meal-the squirrel's p op-is an important input for the microbes that consume π. The output of the microbes-rich humus and soil-is in turn the γerγ material from which a new oak tree maγ grow. Eγen the carbon dioxide that the sq띠rrel breathes out is what that tree maγ breathe in. π괴s cγele is the fundamental reason whγ life has 바rrived on our planet for m피i ns of γears. It s like the Ouroboros-남1e ancient symbol depicting a snake r drag n eating its own tail; in a waγ, CD nature differs from the human cγde in nature is not input but output there are always imagery creatures in tru1γ is a constant cγde of consuming itse표 the bγ-product f nature proγides human with resource

56 램뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적짧꼈? [ 고 1 /16/11 월 /37] r urpersonality and sense fresponsibilitγaffectnot onlyyour relationships with others, γour job, andγ ur hobbies, but also s me people areγerγself-driγen. They are more likel:γto be lifelong learners. Manγtend to be independent learners and do not req띠 re structured classes with instructors to guide them. Other individuals are peer-oriented and often f llow the lead of another in unfamiliar situations. Theγ are more 많ely to benefit from the assistance of a formal teaching enγironment. They maγ be less likelγ to,pursue learning throughout life without 버re ct access to formal learning scenari s r the influence of a friend or spouse. CD attitudes towards γour you will be in the le없피ng abilities and learning in unfamiliar situations f: 와niliari다 r in teaching environment

57 결펼 F 덩행 띤댐빈캠들어갈멜찍적절한것펀 [ 고 1/16/11 월 /41-42] When Harry p tter and the Deathlγ Hallows, the seventh and final volume of]. K. Rowling s fantasy series about the adγentures of a boγ wizard, was released in the United States in 2007, it sold 8.3 million copies in i염찮st 24 h urs n sale. Was the last H없ηr Potter b k that good? Perhaps it and the earlier six volumes were genuinelγ brilliant-despite the fact that eight publishers declined to publish the first γolume. But although success is at least partly determined bγ intrinsic quality, it is also p ssible that what people come to like depends very much on what they belieγe others like. In such a world, the explanation for whγ a particular book becomes a hπ maγ be as simple as this publisher s:. Because social inf rmationis now being shared much m re widely a 다 oss γirtual and actual borders than in the past, c 버 tural 않 tifac 엽 such as books and moγies can now snowball in popularity in aγs theγ could not a century ag, turning cultural commerce into a collection of difficult-to-predict, winner-t 삶 e-all markets. Tir γ differences in performance or product qu 때 tγ translate into vast differences in payoff. φ Qu려ity of the book explains It sold well because lots of people b ught it The markets are progressing than eγer n sharing can t answer the que양ion The copyright law pr tect writers unlike the past 헬 H 힘 Q,f 똘써리즈 r 햄 f 의.;if 술 E

58 6 댐빈샘들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한짧 [ 고 2/15/3 월 /18] When human beings t 삶 e in excess energy in the form of food at a giγen meal or snack, the extra calories tend to reduce hunger at the next meal or snack. But this mechanism doesn t seem to be & 파 functional when excess calories are consumed. If, for example, γou begin taking in an e효ra 200 calories a daγ by eating a sandwich, γou 11 tend to reduce γ ur caloric intake bγ the S밍ne amount at the next meal or oγer the course f the daγ. On the other hand, if γou t삶e in an extra 200 calories bγ drin굉ng a soft drink, γ01끄 bodγ won t activate the same mechanism, and γ u probablγ won t end up reducing γour daily caloric intake at all. In the long run, γou H end up gaining weight CD at high frequency in a st따e of hunger in the form of liquids between meal and snack as a trial of losing weight.

59 행 [ 끄 /15β 월 /2 이 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Emotions usuallγ get a bad reputation. Theγ are often seen as something to be regulated or managed. People even think em tions are h없mful if theγ get out of control. Howeγer,. Theγ plaγed an imp rtant p따t in our evolution따γ hist orγ and helped us surviγe. For example, by seeing disgust n someone s 옮ce 찌rhen presented ithmoldγ f d, we were able to avoid eating something dangerous. Bγcommunicating happiness, we were able to develop beneficial social interactions. Even 없iger 재겸S 없l important emotion to our ancestors, motivating us to seek food when we were hungrγ, to fight ffpredat rs and to compete for scarce resources. CD all emotions haγe a p int we should control emotions they haγe a negatiγe effect on us we need a proper exit of emotions theγ need to be regulated bγ reas n

60 2 댐빈샘들어갈뿔찌적절한것펀 [ 고 2/15/3 월 /21] No Stone Age ten-year-old would haγe been living on tender foods 파 ;e modern potato chips, hamburgers, and pasta. The뇨 meals would haγe required far more chewing 난ian is ever demanded of a modern child. Insufficient use of jaw muscles in the early γears of modern life maγ result in their underdevelopment and in we밟er and smaller bone structure. The growth f human teeth req띠 res a jaw sσucture of a ceπ없n size and shape, one that might not be produced if usage during development is inadequate. Crowded and misplaced incisors and imperfect wisdom tee난l maγ be diseases of ciγtlization. prevented if Perhaps manγ dental problems would be CDwewent t dentists' regularly we had more strong jaw muscles parents managed children s teeth there were much dental equipment more biting were encouraged for children

61 싫쩔뼈햄 3 댐빈뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적협겠? [ 고 2/15/3 월 /23] If γ u 재 ratch airline attendants when flight safety instructions are being giγen, you 11 notice that theγ hold the life jacket, oxygen mask, and other demon않ration materials like pieces of 없t being auctioned at Christie s. Whγ? Because it draws attention to those items and c nveys their importance. According t a large restaurant owner, his servers are taught to present trays of food to customers with both hands and with respect. Doing so leaγes others with a more faγarable impression of the server and the restaurant. The S없ne principle applies t mπhing γouhold while speaking in public. Whether it is a piece of paper, a workbook, r a product, if γou want to let γour audience know what you are holding is 끄 nportant, CD try to a얀 ract audience s show it to the audience frequent파r handle the item with respect and care take afaγarable impression on your face explain to-the audience its importance f뇨 st 젠?j''. } 싫팩의격 i 솔 A 멘 l 뭘 H 의 71 솔 E 램혹업문 ~;~15;:J21:'.'.-; 힌

62 램빈샘들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것윈 [ 고 2/15/3 월 /3 이 Most of us plaγ it safe bγ when faced with the possibilitγ of feeling 맑괴 tγ or disappointing others. At 재 rorkyoumaγ allow a complaining coworker to keep stealing y ur energy to avoid conflictending up hating γour job. At home γoumaγ saγ yes to family members ho giγe γou a hard time to aγoid their emotional rejection, onlγ to feel 삼 ustrated bγ the lack of qualitγ time that γouhaγe for γourself. We ork hard to manage 라 ie perceptions of others, ignoring our 1wn needs, and in the end we give up the γerγ thing that will enable us t live meaningful Uγes. φ sa찌끄g yes to others ignoring their demands putting our needs handling a situation 째sely aγoiding emotional problems PARTfo 조린밤좋완 E 쩌 C65

63 싫쩔뼈햄 띤댐빈뻔들어갈뿔챔적절한짧 [ 끄 /15β 월 /31] Compared "With farmers, hunter-gathers led a more leisurely life. Modern anthrop logistswho haγe spent time "With surviving hunter-gatherer groups report that gathering food nlγaccounts for a small proportion of their timefar less than 띠ould be required to produce the same quantity f food 찌a farming. The!Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari, f r example, typically spend twelγe t nineteen hours a 재 reek collec 따 lg f d, Tanzania spend less than fourteen h urs. and the Hazda n mads of for leisure actiγities, socializing, and so on. When asked bγ an anthropologist whγ his people had not adopted farming, ne Bushman replied, Why should we plant, when there are so manγ mongong nuts in the world? In effect, hunter-gatherers work two days a week and haγe fiγe-daγ weekends. φ Theγ finish their 만ieγ haγe to saγe 따ne πieγ d n t haγe much time Collecting foods is a means That leaves a lot of time free 66 독혜의기술시리즈! 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 - ι

64 6 램뺀들어갈뱉 7찜적절한꼈? [ 고2/15/3월 /32] Ahurnansy 양 em of is almost always more responsive than a mechanical one. Have you eγer had to wait in a car at a red light when there was a lot of traffic onγour sσeetandnone n the cross street? A policeman would immediatelγ see the situation and a예 ust 난ie directional flow t meet the moment따y need. The same applies to rigid rules in a meeting. It is hard to get a constructiγe dialogue going when the participants are onlγ allowed to speak in a fixed order. A human system-a sensitiγe moderatorcould adjust to the moment-bγ moment needs of the individuals in the group without letting anyone dominate the meeting for long. Clearlγ1 eγe다7 meeting of more than four or five people needs a leader who will keep a balanced conversational flow. CD regulating flow mee 따 ig aneed controlling traffic making new rules leading a dialogue - 1

65 인지부조화 Cognitive Dissonance 자신의신념과일치하지않는 ( 부조화 ) 행동을한후자신의선택을합리화하려고신념을바꾸는현상. 외적인보상으로동기에관한합리화가달라지는과다합리화효과와다른개념을강조하기위해최소합리돼M펴 maljust퍼cation) 효과라 고도부른다. 줄제지문 ; 2014년고3 5월모의고사 40먼지문 틀효과 Framing Effect 같은정보도어떤틀로제공하느냐에따라사람들의판단이달라진다. 사실상똑같은판단옵션도긍정적인틀 ( 이익 ) 로제시하느냐, 부정적인틀 { 손해 ) 로제시하느냐에따라사람들이생각하는양상이달라지는데이를이르는말이다. 프례이밍효과, 틀제시효과 라고도하며, 영어로는 Frame Effect라고도표현한다. 출제지문 ; 2015 학년도고 2 11 월모의고사 40 번지문 i 68 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈ξ험론입문

66 rι 뜨거운손현상 The Hot Hand Phenomenon 성공은또다른성공을연속해서낳는다는믿음에빠져연속사건의승률을자신있게예측하는것. 뜨거운손 (Hot Hand) 은행운의연속이라는관용표현으로미국농구에서쓰는말이다. 출제지문 : 2016 년수능특강영어독해 4 강 5 번지문 선택적지각 Selective Perception 외부정보를객관적으로있는그대로받아들여처리하는것이아니라, 자신의신념이나생각과일치하거나자기에게유리한것만선택적으로받아들여처리하려는현상. 사람은정보를있는그대로받아들이는대신주관적인가치에따라선택적으로받아들여처리한다. 똑같은운동경기를봐도양쪽팀의응원석에서는서로펀파적이라며심판을비난등판소리가터져나온마. 심판이정말펀파적으로경기를운영한다면어느한쪽은미소지음심판을응원해야할텐데그런경우는거의없다. '~PART~!- 흉황 l 합좋완훨 11: '.;{59 i

67 싫짧爛 [ 과 /15β 월 β3] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Jacqueline Noγogratz, the founder of the Acumen Fund, tells a starγ that demonstrates how connected e all are to one another. Her story centers on ablueswe없er. It was giγen to her bγ her uncle Ed when she was twelγe. I loved that s ft wool sweater vvith its striped sleeγes and two zebras in the front, she says. She eγen wrote her n없ne on the tag. But the sweater got to tight for her as she grew older. So in her freshman γear of high school she donated it to a charity. Eleven γears later, she was jogging in Kigali, Rwanda, where she was working to set up an aid program for p r women. Suddenly, she spotted a little boγ wearing a sin피ar 짜reater. Could it be? She ran oγer to him and checked out the tag. τes, there was her name. It was enough to remind J acq~eline-and the rest of us-of G] the realization of recγcling cl need f working as a volunteer the importance of sharing ours vvith thers the reason hγ we sh uld help one another the threads of our connection to one another 70 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 험론입문

68 2 댐뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한꼈? [ 고 2/15/3 월 /35] Human beings haγe alwaγs had the capaciψ to 바 link spatiallγ-this is here, that is there-even though not eγerγbo여 chooses to express this understan며ng in map making. The capaciψ to form mental maps must haγe been essential for the early humans. Hunter-gatherers, for instance, recognized the routes of the migratorγ 없따nals and the best places to hunt them down eγen ithout a phγsical map.wandering tribesmen needed to knowhow theγ could cross deserts safely without dying of thirst.all these people w uld have carried φ a compass to find right routes a weapon to fight the enemγ off a map of their land in their head aphγsical map to sh the details essential tools to surγjγe in wildlife 1

69 싫쩔爛 3 댐빈샘들어갈뱉 7 찜적절한꼈? Eγen an extinct language can be brought back to 파 e, right There must be [ 고 2/15/3 월 /38] if conditions are. Also, there must be written or audio-recorded material of the language in some form. This has happened with an Ab riginal language of South Australia called Ka 따 na. 따 last natiγe speaker died in 1929, but in the 1980s a gr up of people decided that theγ wanted 버eir language back. The language isn t dead, the leader of the group said, k s only sleeping. Fortunately, material S따띠γedfr m the nineteenth centuη, so that a linguist was able to make a fresh description and help the Kaurna people start learning the language again. It s taught in schools now, and some daγ, perhaps, some children will st 따 t le 않띠 ng it as their mother tongue. CD financial supp rt f r the students who eager}γ want to learn people who want the language good linguist t understand the language native speakers who remember the language 72 독해의끼술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

70 뾰ι뾰뼈1따때] 꽤 댐빈샘들어갈멜찜적절한꼈? [ 고 2/15/6 월 /20] Popular prejudice offers a black-and-white pict 따 e of the brain γersus bodγ paradigm. We are often told that exercise develops the body hile reading, riting, and thinking are meant to develop the brain. This is a flawed perception. While mental activities such as reading, writing, s lving mathematical problems, doing crosswords or p값다cipating in seminars are primarilγ concerned 째.th the brain, 남ieγ are also releγant to the body and ha:γe an impact on it. The em tions and senso다t reactions created bγ these actiγities haγe an influence, howeγer subtle, 남rrough chemical signals, on 跳a Jm J빼빼내빠μμl없hm (따때1S hμe1n n γιm J뾰a 시디1벼때h m m Q

71 싫짧爛 5 램뺀 1 들어갈뿔찍적절한것펀 [ 끄 /15/6 월 /22] People are S 얀 on 밟 γ influenced bγ irrelevant factors-the ones that speak to ur unconscious des 뇨 es and motivations. For example, in a studγ, subjects were gtγen 난 rree different boxes of detergent and asked to tγ them all out, then report on which theγ liked best and whγ. One box was γell ow, an ther blue, and the third was blue with splashes of yellow. 암ie subjects overwhelminglγ faγ red the detergent in the box with ffil"'{ed colors. Their comm er따 included much about the relatiγe merits of the detergents, but none mentioned the box. Why should theγ? Aprettγ box doesn t make the detergent work better. But in re려ity, it was just -the detergents inside were all identical. CD the b x that the mind that counted the colors that are meaningless the motiγat.ions that were decisive the subjects that have different opini ns T4 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 쁨론입문

72 6 램뺀들어갈뿔챔적절한것펀 [ 고 2/15/6 월 /23] For manγ γoung people, peers are of significant importance and can be the prin 녔다 r source of the norms with which theγ strive to conform. Peer pressure 없nong them can affect. Young drivers experience higher peer pressure than older drivers t commit traffic violations such as speeding, dri: 띠ng under the influence of alcohol and dangerous oveπ 라 dng. Direct peer pressure may be exerted on a γoung dri:γer s behavior through the influence of a passenger. Young drivers, both male and female, dri:γe faster and with a shorter following distance at road junctions if theγ haγe young passengers in the car. CD 재rhat a passenger d es how theγ li:γe their Hγes how theγ dri:γe a theγ obserγe traffic rules when theγ get a dri:γer s license

73 싫짧뼈햄 [ 고 2/15/6 월 /33] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Different g ds and services haγe different γalues. National income accounting requires measuring the value of production. The most common measure is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It is the market γalue of all final g $ and services produced in a γear within a country s b rders. This definition. F r example, voluntarγ labor, such as fixing a friend s bike or helping a neighbor with their lawnmower, c nstitutes unpaid service proγision. It is not about a worker earning a 찌 rage or a consumer buying a service. In a similar fashion, housework performed bγ members of the household is not included in the GDP, even though the same work, 찌rhen perforr끄 ed bγ paid house cleaners, is. These cases mean that the official GDP calculations d not coγer all the actual producti n. φ sho재rs the wealth of a includes ser vices that are unpaid reflects all demands and supplies highlights on the γalue that is invisible excludes anγ production not traded on markets

74 ) {, 2 램뺀들어갈멜챔적절한짧 [ 고 2/15/6 월 /37] The need for touch maγ seem like c mmon sense. However, in the earlγ 1900s, people in Europe believed that touching newborns as n t good for them and theγthought that it 재rould spread germs and make the babies 재reak: and whinγ. In the orphanages at that time, it 재ras not permitted to cuddle newborn babies. The babies were well fed and cared f r, but manγ of them became ill. Then one doct r suggested that the babies be. The sick babies began to get better gradu때γ. Recent research that has confirmed the importance of touch for babies encourages parents and nurses to touch and stroke premature babies as much as p ssible. CD held several time da파 separated from nurses fed more balanced food treated bγ competent doctors transfeπed to other hospitals

75 싫쩔뼈행 3 램빈캠들어갈멜 7 찜적절한꼈? [ 끄 /15/6 월때 ] In today's marketing and adγertising-soaked world, people C 없 mot escape brands. The γ unger theγ are when theγ st따t using a brand or pr1 duct, the more likelγ theγ are to keep using it for γears to come. But that s not the onlγ reason companies are aiming their marketing and adγertising at younger consumers. As James U. McNeal, a professor at Texas A&M Uniγers띠, puts it, Seγen디 r-five percent of spontaneous food purchases can be traced to a. And one out of two mothers will buy a food simply because her child requests it. To trigger desire in a child is to trigger desire in the whole family. In other words, kids haγe power oγer spending in their households, theγ haγe power oγer their grandparents and theγ haγe p 1wer over their babγsitters. That s whγ c mp없디es use tricks to manipulate their minds. φ Internet ads brand image nagging pr duct marke따lg power 78 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 탤론입문

76 맴빈캠들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것윈 [ 끄 /15/9 월 /22] Am강ety has been around for thousands ofγears. According to evolutionarγ psychologists, it is adaptiγe t the extent that it helped our ancestors avoid situations in which the margin of error between life and death was s파n. k많ietγ warned people when their Hγes were in danger: not only from 빼d tigers, caγe bears, hungrγ hγenas, and other animals st려퍼ng the landscape, but also from hostile, c mpeting tribes. Being n alert helped ancient people fight predators, flee from enemies, or freeze," blending in, as if camouflaged, so theγ 찌rouldn t be noticed. It mobilized them to react to real threats to their survival. It pushed them into keeping their children out of h없m s waγ. Anxiety thus persisted through eγolution in a majority of the population because it was (and can be) φ some난lingusel' 연ss for an advantageous, life-saving trait a dangerous factor in cooperation unavoidable in a competi뎌.ve orld a characteristic of a human evolution

77 5 댐빈캠 1 들어갈뿔챔적절한쨌 [ 끄 /15/9 월때 ] Manγ times I haγe noticed coaches and parents choose the wrong 따 ne to explain concepts to children. A perfect example of this is bile the children are playing a g 없 ne. As a coach, the n1γ 따 nei 재 rould t 려 k strategy was. This is because π is reallγ difficult for children to plaγ and listen at the same time. I 재 rould nly saγ words of encouragement while the children were pla찌 ng. You might haγe seen a father watching his son playing a g와ne in a field, yelling at him to point out his errors. The game continues to be plaγed while the child is trying to paγ attention to what his father is telling him. Children need to be able to concentrate on the task at hand. Children can play, r theγ can listen, but 파ce adults, it s 삶most impossible for them to do both at once. G] whenplaγers are pla찌 ng when it s a time-out or it s γer 재rhen the plaγers need to I teach a new s힘끄 to the plaγers when he is paγing attention to the game 80 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문 야

78 6 댐빈캠 1 들어갈뿔챔적절한것펀 [ 고 2/15/9 월 /31] John Wooden, the great UCLA basketball coach who produced 10 NCAA championship teams in 12 γears during the 1960s and 1970s, perfectl:γ exemplified the power f consistencγ. In the fascinating film documentary The UCLA Dynasty, one player recalled, There was a waγ to do eγeηthing. You could haγe taken UCLA pe plewho plaγed in 1955, 1965, 1970, and 1975; put them on the S없nete없n; and theγ would have been able to plaγ with each other, instantlγ. Wooden ran his dr파s with over the course of three decades. Drills ouldstaπ and end 뾰e clockwork, the S와ne drills performed before the national championship as at the beginning of the season so that, in the words of a star plaγer, Bγ the time the g없nes came along, theγ just became mem rized exhibitions of br 퍼 iance. CD excellent plaγers diverse 앞 rategies rare modifications a strong leadership trust in doing an뼈ing

79 싫짧爛 [ 끄 /15/9 월 /32] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Al thou맹 trust maγ requ뇨e ame없lingful relationship to sa디 sfy i엽 more de man며ngan때앞s, it need not req띠re good Nill. When A is a person and B is a bank, A maγ trust B to keep her money safe alth ugh she does not imagine for a moment that the bank, and she maγ well suspect that it vvill assert i염 interests at her expense when it gets a chance to impose charges or manipulate interest rates. If A enters hospital and is examined bγ Doctor B, she maγ σust B s pro 끓 ssional expeπise and integrity even though B appears indifferent to her as a pers n. Until rel a tiγelγ recently indifference on the part of medical professi nals, r pl 없끄 rudeness, was if any난iing regarded as a sign of trustwortl따iess: it implied the objectiγitγ needed for expertise, and asserted the superi r status that medical expeπise granted. CD is going to be in regards trust as important decreases the interest rates feels warmly disposed to her has investment professionals \ 82 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

80 2 댐뺀 1 들어갈뿔꺾적짧꼈 [ 고 2/15/9 월 /33] What distinguishes recycling is not i 염 importance, but rather the ease -with 찌rhich indiγidu려s can p따ticipate, and t삶en t promote the common good. γoumaγ care passionately about the threat of 밍obal warming or the destruction of the r없n forests-but you can t haγe an immediate effect on 난iese problems that is perceptible to γourself or others. The rain forest salvation truck doesn t make weeklγ pickups, let alone the clean air truck When a public opinion poll in 1990 asked people what they had done in connection -with enγironmental problems, 80 to 85% answered that theγ r their households had participated in γarious aspects of recycling; no other significant steps had been taken bγ a majority of respondents. Like the drunk looking for his wallet under the lamppost, we may focus on recycling because it is where the immediate tasks are best illuminated. CD long-term results the comm n eff1 rts the visibility of actions the perception f problems environment-friendly behaγi rs,

81 싫짧爛 3 댐빈캠들어갈뿔챔적절한쨌 [ 끄 /15/9 월쩌 When 재 re examine indiγidual beha:γior and the impact of perception on, that beha:γior, it is important to remember that pe ple see what theγ either W없 lt t see or are trained to see. Therefore, in terms of human relations, the manager must try. Emploγees w퍼inglγ accept management s methods onlγ when theγ perceiγe th se methods t be in the emploγees best interests. Otherwise, theγwill res rt to such perceptual traps as selectiγe perception and stereotyping. For example, H강γeγ Lester, anewemploγee, has been haγing trouble mastering his new job. His boss, Lois, tells him that if he does not improγe, she will haγe to let him go. Fee교lg that he is on the γerge of being f뇨 ed, Harvey quits. What Lois saw as a mild warning designed to improγe output is interpreted as a 바rreat res띠따ig in a resignati n.each p않tγ interpreted the action differently. φ to satisfy the w rkers desire tosaγ explicitly what you want to conγeγ to encourage the emploγees to master s파끄s t tell the importance of relationship at work to understand the worker s perception of realitγ i '84 독해의끼솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문?

82 댐뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것펀 [ 고 2/15/9 월 /4 이 Research bγ PaulSloγic of Decisi n Research and the Uniγers따 of Oreg n shows that people who are otherwise caring and would go out f their way to help another indiγidual bee me indifferent to the suffering of the masses. In one experiment, pe ple were gπen $5 to donate to lessen hunger oγerseas. The f뇨 st choice was to giγe the moneγ to a particular child Rokia, a seγen-γear-old in Mali. The second choice was to help twerrη-one million hungry Africans. The third choice was t help Rokia, but as just one of manγγic따ns of hunger. Canγouguess hich choice was most popular? Slovic reported that donations to the indiγidual, Ro] 선a, were far greater than donations to the second ch ice, the statistical portraγal of the hunger crisis. That s not p 따 tic 띠 arlγ S 따 prising. But what is S 따 prising, and some would saγ discouraging, is that adding the statistical realities of the larger hunger problem to Rokia s story φ atσacted the masses attentions caused us to learn about children in need made some of us feel sympathγ for the child sigrrificantlγ reduced the contributions to R kia m γed the public t donate more than ever before PART213 펀사람좋은문제 85 4 연써 갇,

83 싫짧爛 5 램빈캠들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한꼈? [ 고 2/15/11 월 /20] In business school theγ teach an approach to management decisions that is designed to overcome our natural tendencγ whether or n t it orks. If an executiγe wants to examine a companγ p lieγ, he or she f뇨 st puts aside whateγer has been done historicallγ, and focuses instead on what the policγ should be. Follow the same approach as γou examine how you should look, speak and act to best achieve γour bjecti끼 res. Don t assume that there is some inherent value to the waγ γou haγe alwaγs done things. Keep focused on becoming the best you can be, not how you haγe alwaγs been. CD to c파ig to the focus on the present to change a preγailing habits to examine the past mistakes to cherish the vision of the future 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

84 6 댐빈캠들어갈뿔까적절한꼈 [ 고 2/15/11 월 /21] Competition makes the orld g round. It is the engine of eγolution and the foundation of democracy. It prompts innoγati n, driγes global markets, and puts moneγ in the pocket. S버 l, there are those who ha:γe argued that competition is a source of eγil. Theγ see c mpe뎌.tion in terms of destructiγeness: theγ don t belieγe π s a c nstructiγe acti찌디t. Theγ assert that competition kills off more prosocial behaviors, such as cooperation and respect. The assumption that c mpetition is the opposite of cooperation is missing something crucial. To compete, both opponents have to co perate n the rules: there s a mutual agreement of cooperation that goγems the competition. As 껴re끄, competitions are c mm n1γ among teams; each indiγidual needs to cooperate with team members in order to compete effectiγely. Healthγ competition. In fact, the hormones that driγe us to compete are the same hormones that driγe us to collaborate. CD interferes with innoγa ti ignores something valuable is an act t deceive t compatible with partnership can t happen without cooperation

85 햄 1 맴빈샘들어갈멜챔적절한것펀 [ 고 2/15/11 월 /23] The extraordinary expansion of food production bγ aquafarming has come. AB with industrialized agriculture, m st commercial aquafarming relies on high energy and chemical inputs, including antibi tics and 따 tificial feeds made from the wastes of poultry processing. Such production practices tend t concentrate toxins in farmed fish, crea따 ig a potential health 버reat to consumers. The discharge from fish f따 ms, hich can be equiγalent to the sewage from a small ci디 r, can pollute nearbγ natural aquatic ecosystems. Around the tropics, especiallγ tropical Asia, the expansion of commercial shrimp farms is contributing to the loss f highlγ bi diverse coastal mangr1 γe f rests. CD into catching manγ fish thoughtlessly fr m much on demand for ocean creatures without the loss of biodiversitγ in the cean due to shortage of food in deγel ping countries with hi밟l co앞s to the environment and human health

86 2 램빈캔 1 들어갈멜 7 땀적짧것펀 [ 고 2/15/11 월 /29] Traditionallγ, most ecologists asswned that commlli 꾀 tγ stability- 라 ie abilitγ of a commllilityt withstand enγir nmentaldi 얀 urbances-is a consequence of. That is, a commllility with considerable species richness may function better and be more stable than a commllility 때 th less species richness. According to this γi 없 r, the greater the species richness, the less criticallγ important anγ single species should be. With manγ possible interactions within the commlli디ty, it is 따파kelγ that any single dish끄bance could affect enough comp nents of the system t make a significant difference in its functioning. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the fact that destructiγe outbreaks of pests are more common in cultivated fields, hich are 1 1w-diγersity communities, than in natural commllilities with greater species richness. CD commllility complexity rule of dominant species a role of individual species any single species contribution preparation for invasion of enemγ PART21 조은사람좋은문제 89

87 3 Today it often seems 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 2/15/11 월 /31]. When I w 밟 e up, the first thing I do is check mγ daγ planner, which remembers my schedule s that I don t have to. When I climb into mγ car, I enter mγ destinati n into the GPS, whose spatial memorγ supplants my own. When I sit down to work, I open up a noteb k that holds the contents of rnγ inteπiews. N w, thanks t the Internet, I rarely have to remember anything more than the right set f search terms to access humankind s co끄ectiγe memorγ. Growing up, in the days when γou St피 had to press seven buttons, or turn a clunky rot값y dial, to m밟e a telephone call, I could recall the numbers of all mγ close friends and family. Todaγ, I m not sure if I know more than f ur phone numbers bγ heart. And that s probably more than most people do. Our gadgets eliminate the need to remember such things. CD we remember γerγ deγelops fast there is much to remember different gadgets replace us people forget something easily 90 협 H 의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

88 ???(... 壞짧繼醫繼짧했싹펴술 댐빈캔들어갈뿔깎적절한꼈 [ 고 2/15/11 월 /32] When children areγeryyoung, γoufirstsaγno to protect them from danger. γou saγ it because γou loγe your child and because γou must teach him to protect himself. Just as saying no is a tool to help ensure γour child s phγsical safety, 江 also contributes to his em tional securi디 r. When you set limits on your child s behaγi r, whether it s te파ngafiγe-year-old he can't hit the baby or te파ng a teenager he can t staγ out past midnight, you re letting him know that. He is connected to s meone(you) who watches and cares what he does. 페l children need a safe space in which to grow and deγel p. Wh괴e it s a child s nature to test the limits of that space, bγ climbing higher, γenturing far 난 ier, or as 쉴 ngfor more of what he wants, it s also comforting for him to know he is not out there alone. φ his actions don t happen in a γacuum he could hurt from dangerous behaγi rs we are c ncemed about his phγsical γoung need to be looked 라ter bγ ad버 ts em tional safety is connected t phγsical safety

89 행 띤탬빈캠들어갈뿔 7찜적절한것은? [ 고2/15/11 월 /35] To name is t call into existence-to call out of nothingness, wrote French philos pher Ge rges Gusdorf. Words give γou a tool to create how γou perceiγe the world bγ naming and labeling what γou experience.γou undoubtedlγlearned in your elementary science class that Sir Isaac Newton discoγered grnγi디 r.it would be more accurate to saγ that he labeled rather than discoγered it.his use of the word graγjη gaγe us we now corrγerse about the pull of the ear버 s forces that keeps us from flying into space.words giγe us the symbolic γehicles to communicate ur creations and discoveries to others. φ aneww1 rldγiew a sense of existence a cognitiγe category a source of curiosiη scientific knowledge 92 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 험론입문

90 ι/ *< ζ ; 6 램빈캔들어갈뱉까적절한것펀 Applying a single plan to eγerything can [ 고 2/15/11 월 /36] Perhaps γou remember the folktale about the la직 7 son who gets scolded bγ his mother for losing the moneγ he receiγed as payment fr m a farmer. Next time γougetpaid, his mother saγs sternly, be sure to C없ηr it home in γour pocket. But the following day the boγ goes t work for a da 따 T farmer, who pays him with a pail of milk instead of money. Arn 강 ous not to anger his mother, the boγ dutifullγpours the milk into his pocket. Although his mother s plan was good, it could ork only when used in the right circumstance. The S 없 ne idea applies to γour studγ plans. For example, wri 따 1g out γour notes in & 끄 sentences makes sense if the goal is to 때 dy a textbook. But if γou used the same plan for taking lecture notes, γou d moγe so slowly that you d miss most of what the insσuctor said The secret is to find a plan that fits γour goal. φ help γou do your job consistentlγ be helpful for achieving γour go려 cause children to become diligent put students into bad studγ habits be inefficient and sometimes comical

91 [ 고 2/15/11 월 /38] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? When γ u are stressed ut, γou may not eγen realize all of the ways in which your mind and bodγ are affected. Howeγer, γou can easilγ recognize ' if γou stop and think about a time ; en γour memory failed because γou were oγerlγ anxious. For example, your boss suddenlγ asks you for a key fact or number during a big, highly anticipated meeting. γou freeze up and can t remember it eγen though γou knew π well the night before. But if a co-worker asks γou the same question while passing in the hall, γou eas파 recall the information and immediatelγ proγide the right an 없 rer. Reducing stress and tension ill help γou improve your memory dr 와 naticallγ. Just bγ maintaining a c 따 n, focused attitude toward 재 rhateγer you 와 e doing, you will be able to reduce the negatiγe effects of intense 없 J.Xiety so you can perform at γ ur 없J.Xiety can interfere with γour abili디 7 you have difficulty performing under stress this connection between tension and memoη the reason yo따 memory isn't alwaγs activated executiγes sometimes ask unexpected que앞ions 94 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

92 '?!',, -~ -. Iι?; - 2 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Throughout historγ, people haγe [ 고 2/15/11 월 /39] Centuries ago, the Duke f Tuscanγ imp sed a tax on salt Tuscan bakers responded bγ eliminating salt in their recipes and giγing us the delicious 돼scan bread we enjoγ todaγ. 표 γou γ"isit Amsterdam, γou will notice that almost all the old houses are narrow and tall. Theγ were constructed that waγ to minimize propeπy taxes, which were based on the width of a house. Consider another architectural example, the invention of the mansard roof in France. Property taxes were often imposed on the number of rooms in a house and, therefore, rooms on the second or third floor were considered just as ratable as those on the ground floor. But if a mansard roof was constructed on the third floor, those rooms were considered to be part of an attic and not taxed. CD looked for waγs to pay taxes been interested in architecture tried to deγelop γarious recipes positively responded imposing taxes changed their behaγiorto aγoid taχes

93 3 댐빈캠들어갈뿔챔적절한것펀 [.JJ.2/15/11 월 /41-42] AB an expert in the area of neuroeconomics, Baba Shiγ caπied out a fantastic experiment. He thought that cognitiγe load (having lots to hold in γour head-a situation m st professionals find themselves in) might influence self-control. He gaγe h삶f his 끼rolunteers a two-digit number to remember (representing a low cognitiγe load) and gaγe the other h리f a seγen-digit number (a high load). The γolunteers were then told to w려k to an ther room in the building and in s doing pass a table 재rhere theγ had to choose between chocolate cake (high fat and sugaηr food) or fruit s삶ad (low fat and nutritious food). Of the people 때th the high load, 59 percent opted for cake whereas onlγ 37 percent f the people with the low load did. Shiv thinks that remembering seγen numbers required cognitiγe resources that had to come from somewhere and in this case were taken from ur abilitγ to control 01끄 urges! Anatomically this is reasonable because or힘ngmem ry (where we 앞ore theseγen or tw numbers) and selfcontrol are bo버 located in the S없ne part of our brain. The brain cells that would normallγ be helping us make healthγ food ch ices were otherwise engaged in remembering seven numbers. In those instances e haγe to rely on, such as h따nmm γummy! Chocolate cake please. φ people with a low load the taste we would 파 ;e adγice of other subjects our natural cognitiγe ur more irnpulsiγe emotions 96 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 :

94 램뺀들어갈멜 7 찜적절한것펀 The cultural ideas spread bγ empire ere [ 고 2/16/9 월 /23]. Since the imperial γision tends to be uniγersal and inclusiγe, it was relatiγel:γ e 잃 γ for imperial elites t adopt ideas, norms, and traditions from whereγer theγ found them, rather than to 앞ick to a single rigid tradition. 때돼e some emperors sought to purify the뇨 C띠.tures and return to what theγ γiewed as their roots, for the most p따t empires haγe produced hγbrid civilizations that absorbed much from their subject peoples. The imperial culture of Rome was Greek almost as much as Roman. Imperial Mongol culture was a Chinese copγcat. In the imperial United States, an American president of Kenγan blood can eat Italian pizza while watching his favorite film, Lavvrence of Arabia, a British epic about the Arab rebellion ag려nst the Turks. CD accomplished by mainlγ imperial in i엽 rigid tradition and custom the entire exclusi n of its subject peoples adopted bγ manγ other neighboring countries seldom the exclusiγe creation of the ruling elite

95 싫짧임임행 5 맴뺀들어갈뿔 7 찜적절한것펀 [ 고 2/16/9 월 /31] Changing our food habits is one of the hardest things e can do, because the impulses goverr파ig our preferences are often hidden, even fo m ourselves. And γet. We do it all the time. Were this not the case, the food companies that launch new products each γear 재rould be W잃ting their money. After the f려 1 of the Berlin Wall, housewiγes from East and West Germany tried each other s food products for the f뇨 st time in decades. It didn t take long for those from the East to realize that theγ preferred Western γogl 江 t to their own. Equally, th se fr m the West discoγered a liking for the honey andγanilla wafer biscuits of the East. From both sides of the wall these German housewives showed a remarkable flexibilitγ in their food preferences. φ finding hidden preferences is not hat γou eat is entirelγ possible with our vvill we can change our f d habits blocking our impulses is against our instinct the food comp없괴es nγ to find our food preferences 98 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

96 ι 램빈캠들어갈뿔 7 댐적절한꼈? Life is a balancing act, and s is our sense of m rality. [ 고 2/16/9 월 /32] Research suggests that when 찌re γiew urselves as morally deficient in one part f our hγes, we search for moral acti ns that will balance out the scale Maybe γouknow you should be recγcling but just neγer get around to gathering up your gl잃s, paper, and plastics in time f r the recγcling σuck. One daγ you happen to be walking through a hardware store and notice a rack of energy-efficient light bulbs, and you instantlγ decide to buγ twenty of them and change out eγerγ b띠b in γour house. The moral deficiencγ (not recγcling) is, in your γiew, balanced bγ a moral action (installing energy-efficient b 띠 b 하. The problem is that the seesa can also tip the ther aγ; If we belieγe 재 re are doing enough, morallγ speaking, then. The scale is 려 readγ leγel. φ them ral actions are achieγed there s little reason to do more we need to decrease ur good deed there s seldom the moral deficiencγ we tend t search for the moral acti n

97 싫짧 ~~ 행 [ 고 2/16/9 월 /33] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? The gap betvveen the realitγ of nline life and howwe experience it preγen ts our discussion of Internet privacy. Consider . People know is not private. And γet manγ will use , at least sometimes, for intimate coπesp ndence. Oγer decades, I haγe asked why. The answer is alwaγs the same: When you stare at a screen, γou feel completely alone. That sense of being alone with the person t whom γou are writing-as thou밟l γ u were the onlγ tvvo people in the world-often can be seen; it will be stored; and then it can be seen again. The seeming ephemeralitγ of what is on the screen masks the truth: What γou write is not erasable. More generally, the experience of the net undermines the realitγ of the net. CD facilitates γour loneliness on the cks out what γoukno to be true helps you write freelγ 찌rhat you thought increases the leγel of intimacγ betvveen them preγents us from communicating 때th others 10(] 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

98 2 다음빈캠l 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 2/16/11 월 /20] Imagine for a moment that todaγ 찌 ras γour last daγ on Earth. Now, make a list for γourself of all the 난lings that γou feel you have accomplished, all the things you are pr ud of, and all the things that m삶e youhappγ. Is γour car on the list? γour teleγision? Is γour sal라γ on the list? No. What s on the list are the fundamental elements of a satisfied life-your relati nship with friends and family, the contribution γouhaγe made to others' hγes, the celebrated eγents of γour life. Those are the building blocks of γour list. Manγ of us liγe daγ to daγ as if the pposite were true. Instead of apprecia뎌 ng what is truly important and making that our prioriψ, we collect things and indicators of success with ut questioning just what success reallγ means. Remember φ lists γouhaγe matters in γour life that success alone is elements that satisfies γ ur life favorable relationship 때th others

99 -로 -빈 미닙캠캘새잔 -0 도 = 카 -;ι -. ~..,.,- - 3 댐빈캠들어갈많찜적절한짧 We haγe constructed so manγ 때 ge reservoirs to hold 재 rater, [ 고 2/16/11 월 /21] and theγ are located primarily in the N rthem Hemisphere rather than rand mlγ around the 밍 obe. As a result, enough of Earth s mass has shifted to speed up its rotati n. Currently, 88 huge reserγoirs hold some 10 감illion tons of water. Before the reserv irs were built this water was located in the ocean, which has most of πs mass in the Southern Hemisphere. The effect is 파ce a hir파ig skater who pulls her 없ms in t tum faster. Because natural factors in the environment, such as the pull of tides, are graduallγ sl 1wing Earth s rotation, the human influence is accidentallγ. The shift in Earth s mass has also changed the location of the 밍강s on which Earth rotates. CD less influencing on Earth s rotation stopping large reservoirs from being b띠lt corrσibu따ig to Earth rotating more slo떼y r따 ng against the natural rate of deceleration -- 따 making manγ reseπ irs in the N orthem Hemisphere -로 τ며루, ~..

100 ι -ν- 댐빈샘들어갈멜챔적절한것윈 [ 고 2/16/11 월 /22] Studies sh w that on students performance is better than grades at both promoting kids' self-motivation to learn and boosting their achievement. Primary sch l teachers do a good job of prαriding feedback in reports, but as soon as grades take oγer from narrative c mments as the main method of eγaluation, students and p없ents begin to lose out. When teachers offer information such as You did a great job of planning your ideas for this paper, and formulating γour m없끄 argument, but γour body paragraphs don t address the question raised bγthe argument, in response to a rough draft f a paper, the student has information that praises the positiγe elements, addresses failures, and gives useful information for her better performance. In this waγ, informational feedback wor않 much 밟e praise for efforts, and sin 퍼 arlγ boosts enthusiasm f r the task and later performance. CD public praise fair eγaluation proper reward narratiγe feedback teachers' interest 따Rπl뿔 λ밤聽패. 띤 ' '

101 [ 싫쩔 ~~ 헬 5 Poeσy sharpens our senses and m삶es us 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 2/16/11 월 /23] Imagine, for a moment, that you are trying to describe one ofγour friends. You c uld saγ the friend is tall, has blue eyes, a mole on the left cheek, or a red nose. But that would onlγ describe the outside of this person. It w uldn t tell pe ple what γour friend is reallγ like-the habits, feelings, all the little peculiarities that make this person what he or she is and different from everγ ne else. You would find it γerγ difficult indeed to describe the inside f γour friend eγen though γou feel γou know such a great friend through and through. Now good poet다 r does describe life in that way; it tells us about i연 inside as well as its outside, and thus it helps γ u to kno and loγe the orld as in따natelγ as γoukno and love a f노iend CD read p etrγ using all our senses look into the inside of our friends morekeenlγ and fully aware of life describe our friends with accuracy remember what is really important 04 독해의기술시리즈 I 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

102 6 램뺀들어갈뿔까적환것펀 [ 고 2/16/11 월 /29] Even if lying doesn t haγe anγ ham 뻐 effects in a partic 띠 ar case, it is still morally wrong because, if discovered, lying weakens the general prac디ce of truth telling on which human communicati n relies. For instance, if I were to lie about mγ age on grounds of γ뻐 tγ, and mγ l까 ng were discoγered, even th ugh no serious harm would haγe been done, I would ha;γe undermined γour trust generally. In that case γou would be 꿇r less likely to believe anπhing I might saγ in the future. Thus all lying, when discoγered, has indirect harmful e표ects. However, verγ occasionally, 난iese harmful effects might possiblγ. For example, if someone is serious}γ ill, lying to them about their life expectancγ might probablγ give them a chance of liγing 1 ng앉. On the other hand, te피ng them the truth could possibly induce a depression that would accelerate their phγsical decline. φ staγ alive more than most of us would imagine be outweighed bγ the benefits which arise from a ea.kens the relationship bγ which our life c nsists of haγe negatiγe effects on patients suffering serious 퍼ness facilitate di뾰ist am ng those who haγe strong belief within them

103 싫쩔임 3 햄 [ 고 2/16/11 월 /31] 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? Mathematical models of flocks of birds and schools of fish and sw닮ms of insects that moγe in unison demonstrate the same point: there is no central control of the moγement f the group, but the group m없lifests a kind of collectiγe intelligence that helps all within it to flee r discourage predators. This behaγior does not reside within indiγidual creatures but, rather,. Examination of flocks of birds deciding 재rhere to Hγreveals that theγmoγe inawaγthat accounts for the intentions of all the birds, and, eγen more important, the direction of moγement is usu allγ the best choice for the flock. Each bird contributes a bπ, and the flock's c ncerted choice is better 난ian anindiγidual bird S 재rould be. CD is apropeπγ of c ntributes to moving f없 shows pa 얀 ems f protects them from predators reveals a trait of each individual - -(ι

104 2 다음빈칸에들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 2/16/11 월 /32] The Neanderthals would ha:γe faced a problem when it was daylight: the light quality is much poorer at high latitudes and this would have meant 난iat theγ couldn t see things in the distance so well. For a hunter, this is a serious pr1 blem, because you reallγ don t W없 it to make the mistake of not noticing the mother rhinoceros hiding in a dark comer of 난ie f rest edge when trγing to spear her calf. Living under low light c nditi ns places a much heavier premium on γision than most researchers imagine. The eγolutionary response to low light leγels is to increase the size of the γisu삶 processing system. It is the familiar principle from conventional star-gazing telesc pes: under the dim lighting of the night sky, a larger mirror allows γou to gather more f the light from whateγer y u W없 it to look at. Bγ the same token, a larger retina allows γ u φ to see the mother rhinoceros hiding eγen at night to compete with a larger mirror to see the distance to look at the ni밟it sky much more than the naked-eγe to receiγe more light to compensate for poor light leγels to be less sensitive to tinγ things for catching larger 없따nals ι 1 강딩ιιr; :,, '-PART2t않뭘뭔훌은닮 ~I.' 'j1q깐장eτ/

105 싫짧임영행 3 다음빈캠 1 들어갈말로가장적절한것은? [ 고 2/16/11 월 /33] It s possible to lie with numbers, even those that are accurate, because numbers rarelγ speak for themselves. Theγ need to be interpreted by vvriters. And vvriters 려m st alwaγs. F r example, γou might want to 없mounce the good news 난iat unemploγment in the United States stands at just a little over 5 percent. That means 95 percent of Americans have jobs, an employment r없e much higher than that of most other industrial nations. But let s spin the figure another waγ. In a country as popul us as the United States, unemployment at 5 percent means that m피i ns of Americans don t e없n a dailγ wage. Indeed, one out of everγ twerr 대 ad 버 ts who wants work can t find it. Suddenly that s a sobering number And, as γ u can see, the same statistic can be cited as a cause for celebration or shame. φ haγe an influence on readers' thought tend to cite the figure armounced in news use the same statistic in analyzing economγ try to lie with numbers that are not accurate haγe p따poses that shape the interpretations 08 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 탤론입문

106 램뺀들어갈뱉챔적절한웠 [ 고 2/16/11 월 /38]. The birth f a child in a f 없 nilγ is often the reason whγ people begin to take up or rediscoγer photographγ. Inmanγways, photographing a ch 괴 d is little different from photographing anγ other person. What makes π different, however, is. Using the camera at your own head height works well for photographing adults, but for children the C없nera will be tilted downward. You are looking down on the child, literally and metaphorically, and the resulting picture can make the child look smaller and less significant than m st parents would like. It is possible t obtain more natural-looking portraits when the camera shoots from the S없ne level as the child s eγeline instead f being tilted. For an eight year old, 난lis might mean si떠 ng down when shooting; and for a cr때바igbabγ, the best approach maγ be to lie on the floor. φ the skill deγeloped through a long time and training the height fixed bγ using a 얀rang tripod not t 때aγ the relatiγe height between a γoung child and an ad띠 t development of ph to graphγ accompanied with technology rappoπ between a photographer and a child before photographing

107 싫쩔 1 영헥 5 램빈램 ] 들어갈뿔 7 땀적절한웠 [ 고 2/16/11 월 /40] Inappropriate precision me없ls gi띠끄g information r figures to a greater degree of apparent accuracγ than suits the context. For example, adγertisers often use the results of s 따 γeys to proγe what theγ saγ about their products. Sometimes theγ claim a level of precision not based reliablγ on eγidence. So, if a companγ selling washing powder claims 95.45% of British ad버 ts agree that this powder washes whiter than anγ other, then this leγel of precision is clearlγ inappropriate. It is unlikelγ that all British adults were S따γeγed, so the results are based only on a sample and not the wh le of th se population At best the companγ should be claiming that oγer95% asked agreed that their powder washes whiter than anγ other. Eγen if the wh le population had been surveγed, to haγe given the result to bγ decimal p ints would haγe been absurd. The effect is to propose a high degree of scientific precision in the research. Frequent}γ, howeγer, inappropriate precision is 없밟empt φ to show consumers precision of S따γeys to proγe their products are worth trusting to make consumers satisfied the products t mask the unscientific nature f a studγ to put scientific precision into their research 110 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

108 6 맴빈캠1 들어갈멜잭적절한것펀 [ 고2/16/11 월 /41-42] Although org없디sms interact with their surroundings in manγwaγs, certain factors maγ be critical to a partic 버 ar species success. A shortage or absence of this factor ; thus, it is known as a limiting factor. Limiting factors can be q 띠 te different fr m one species to another. The 1 패 ting factor for manγ species of fish is the 없 nount of dissolved oxygen in the water. In a m 놔 dγ flowing, tree-lined mountain S 뾰없 n, the leγel of dissolved oxygen is high and so proγides a faγorable environment for trout. As the stream continues down the mountain, the steepness of the slope decreases, which results in fewer rapids where the 재rater tumbles over rocks and becomes oxygenated. In addition, as the stre없n becomes wider, the canopγ of trees oγerthe stre없n usuallγ is thinner, allowing more sunlight to reach the stre없n and warm the water. 끼iX!arm water cannot hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water. Theref1 re, slower-flowing, W없 m water streams contain less oxygen than rapidly moγing, cool streams. Fish such as black bass and w삶 leγe are adapted to such areas, since they are able to tolerate lower oxygen concentrations and higher water temperatures. Trout are not able to surviγe under such c nditions and are not found in warm, less well-oxγgenated water. Thus, 1 w leγels of oxygen and high water temperatures are limiting factors f r the distribution of trout. φ f rces warm water to be cold blocks a faγorable environment restricts the success of the species gets the speed of rapids to be slow causes the oxygen not t be diss lved.

109 적용예저 11 정답 Wheny us넙p bre려s:fast, y u are like a carσ띠ng t run 쩌th ut fuel. Experts say that a nuσitious breakfast is the brain s fuel. A brain that is & 끄y fueled concenσates better and s lves pr blems f잃 ter. s me students say that getting a few extra minutes f sleep is m re imp πant 난ian eating a bowl f atmeal, but theγ re wrong. Of c urse, sleeping is imp rtant, but g ingto bed a h려f-h ur earlier w uld be better than sleeping late and skipping breakfast. F r students who want t d well in sch 1, bre싫ast is the m st important meal f the day. Give your brain the fuel it needs to run well. T m피k more clearly andf: 않ter, 택떠용 ~c?oc! bi:~ 려냥짧 斷렘 댐식 λ 펄거를때, 여러분은연료없 이운행하려는지동차와같다. 전문가들은영앙카많은아침식사는두뇌의연료라고말한다. 연료가가득찬두뇌는집중을더잘하고문제를더빠르게해결한다. 어떤학생들은오트밀죽한그릇을먹는것보다추가로몇분더수면을취하는것이더중요하다고말하지만, 그들은잘못알고있는것이다. 물론, 수면이중요하지만, 30분일찍잠자리에드는것이늦게까지잠을자고아칩을거르는것보다더나을것이다. 학교에서잘하고싶어히는학생들에게아침식사는하루증가장중요한식λ꿰다. 두뇌가잘돌아가는데필요한연료를주어라. 더명료하고더빠랙l 생걱하71 위해서 ~} 침식λF흘칠윷F라 J 활훨 [A 는 B 대 셰아침식사를하는것 ) 이 B( 두뇌에중요하다 ) 다에서 A 를빈칸으로저씨한경우이다. 언료가기득찬두뇌는집중을더질서 ~l고문제를더빠르게해결효h 각, 두뇌가잘돌야기는데필요한언료를주어라 와같은문장을통해빈칸 A에는 아침식사를잘해 2.f(eat a good breakfast) 가가장적절하다. 를파멸꾀덕 ~ D 일찍잠자리에들어라 ~30분일찍잠자리에드는것이늦게까지잠을자고마침을거르는것보다더나을것이라고하였다 아이처럼지라-- 하루에세끼를먹어라 아침식사가중요하다는것이글의주제이다. 딩신이하는일에집중해라- 무관한내용 E 톱톨 skip 거르다 fuel 연료 expert 전문가 nutritious 영양가많은 brain 뇌 c ncentrate 집중하다 solve 해결하다 ext a 추가의, 여분의 b wl 그릇 oatmeal 오트밀죽 meal 식사끼니 114 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

110 F r the m st part, pe plewh live or work in cities w혀k throughout the day - t go from the parking lot t the ffice, t sh p,and t run eπands. It s ften easier and cheaper to w 려 k a few bl cks 삼 ian t wait for a taxi or subway. In this way, exercise can be structured into the d 떠 ly routine. This is n t the case f r pe ple wh live in the suburbs. Because the suburbs are spread out, it s to far t walk t 벼e ffice r run t the store. W려굉ng t the bus stop used to pr vide at le잃t s memovemenζ but n w most public transp rtation is 파 nited, s suburban people drive everywhere. The price they pay is m 피힘 c{pi;i,y~ic 학 t during the day. 활룰률대부분의경우에, 도시에서살거나일하는사람들은주차징어 l 서사무실까지가기 위해서, 쇼핑하기위해서, 그리고용무를보기위해서 온종일걷는다. 택시나지하철을기다리는것보다몇 블록을걷는것은흔히더수월하고비용이멀든다. 이런식으로운동이일과속에구조화될수있다. 이 것은교외에사는사람댐게는해당하는일이아니 다. 교외는넓게펼쳐져있기때문에사무실까지걸어 가거나상점까지뛰어가기에는너무멀다. 버스정류 장까지걸어가는것이적어도띤 f 의운동을제공해 주곤했지만, 지금은대부분의대중교통이제한적이 어서교외에 λ} 는사렴들은어디든운전을하고다닌 다. 그들이치러야히는대가는하루동안샌 l 척 - 운 홀멘젠한점이리는것이다. 활톨률댐용이뢰 [ 대립생 I 파멀괴던잉 l 이글은대립쌍 A( 도시에살거나일히는사람 )vs. 대립쌍 B( 교외에사는사람 ) 으로대립쌍을설정하며대립쌍 B메빈칸을출제한문제유형이다. 대립쌍 A의경우운동이일과속에구조화될수있지만, 반대로대립쌍 B의경우에는그렇지않다 운동이일과속에구조화되어있지많다는것으로볼수있다. 따라서빈ξ뻐 l는 신체적운동이제한적이라는것 이적절하다. D 통근하는데많은시간 통근히는데많은시간 은교외에살기때문에발생할수있는결과를유추히는것이지만, 본문에서이런내용에대해서는언급하지않았으므로정답이될수없다. 더적은대중교통-+ 더많은교통비용-- 단순히교외에살기때문에발생 할수있는하나의결과라고유추해볼수있지만, 지문에언급되지않은내용이다. 운전보다더많은움직임 -- 교외에시는것은신처l 적운동을제한하는결과를가져왔다. 무관한문장 F험I f rthe m st part 대부분의경우에 through ut-동안죽 waitf1 r 을기다리다 subway 지하철 in this - way 이런식으로 structure 구조화하다 daily r utine 일과 spread ut 을펼치다 provide 제공하다 at least 적어도 public transportation 대중교통 limited 제한된 pay the price 대가를치르다 physical 신체적인 PAl'f't' 용 I 효필짜

111 r... I 적용예저 l ;s 정답! While a home pr vides shelter and a place to gather, it is als the safe place where we can express ur feelings and e 띠 y s me of the m st important and meanin향ul events in our lives. Therefore, designing a home is a very pers nal γenture. I sσongψ believe 난1at a h me pr, vides 늄틸 ~~ 교교광꿇i 균콰과9:-_i~; 짧 ; your space shouldli k 파 e youandn one else - even if y u are using an interior designer. While s me designers love a blank slate and the freed m t do whateγer 난 1ey want, I prefer t work with clients who haγe an pinion and a story, and I always want the end result 활룰률집은얀죄처와모이는장소를제공하면서, 그 것은또한우리가우리의감정을표현하거나 우리의삶에있어서가장중요하고의미있는일들중일부 를즐길수있는안전한장소이다. 그러므로집을디자인 히는것은매우객밀검맡목휠이다. 나는집이훈혀간한렐텔평繼輔 l 歸曉탤역풀쥔떻캘헌 i 샅를제공해준다고굳게믿고있다. 당신이인테리어디지어너를쓰고 있을지라도, 당신의꽁칸은다른그어떤사함도아닌당신 과닮 } 야한다. 어떤디자이너들은백지상태를좋아하고 그들이원하는무엇이든지할수있는자유를좋아하지만, 냐는견해와 1 야기를가진고객들과일하기를선호화며, 나는헝장마지막결과물 1 그틀의취향에맞는가늑한최 절잎보곁와되길원한다. t be the best p ssible version f their 않 ste. 활룰률댐용이휩 [ 연결성 ] I 탐뭘꾀던톨 a 집은우리자신을표현하는하나의장소라는것이이글의중심내용으로서, 빈칸다음의 당신의공간은다른그어떤사람도야닌당신과닮아야한다라는내용을통해빈칸을추론할수있다. 개인적인모험 우리가어떤사람인지그위에분명히보여줄수있는캔버스 - 당신의공간은다른그어떤사람도아닌당신과닮아야한다 -+ 견해와이야기를가진고객들그들의취흔뻐 맞는가능한최선의버전 이연결성을갖는다. <D 개인적삶을보E 년 i는장소- 우리의감정을표현하거나우리의삶에있어서가장중요하고의미있는일들중일부를즐길수있는안전한장소로서집은개인적삶을보ε 년f는곳이라고추론할수있지만, 빈칸을완성해야하는측면에서문제를살펴본다먼, 빈ξ%! 있는문장의 당신의공간은다른그어떤사람도아닌당신과닮아야한다내용과같은맥르뻐 l서답을추론해야효다. 많은방댐들을꿀머모으는상징적대상 디자이너의취흔닥을보여주는완벽한건물-+ 집은우리자신을표현히는장소미지, 디자이너의취흥를보여주는것이아니다. 사람들이자신의경험을공유하는안식처 - 집이안식처와모이는장소를제공하는곳이기때문에, 자신의경힘을공유하는안식처라고추론할수있다. 부분일치 렐룰를 shelter 얀식처 canvas 캔버스 illustrate 분명히보여주다 blank slate 백지상태 prefe 선호하다 client 고 객 end 최종적인, 마지막의 version 버전, 번형 taste 취향? ;. 1 1cf 독해의?l 술샌즈 l 팎의 71 술빈칸추론입문 한

112 적용예저 l A number f stu 버않 have shown that 빠힘퍼 빼廳 ( 鋼뼈띠 i 뀔 :9D! 듭짧웰펴 - 많핵협 can have a maj r impact n the am unt f weight lost and on success in wei 밟 it maintenance. Black & Threlfall found that 1verweight patien엽 ψith normal-weight p따tners lost sig피fican떠 more weight than those with overwei밟lt p따tners. Theyals n ted that success was greater in th se patientswh se partners had als 1 st weight even th u화 1 they were n t included in the program, sugge앉ing that recommended changes were being actively supported by the spouse. Sin퍼 arly, Pratt found that dr p-out r없es were reduced when the pa더 ent s spouse was included in a weight-con tr 1 program. 활협많은연품짧將輔짧탠텔가체중김량및체중유지성공어1 있 어대단한영향을끼칠수있다는것을보여주었다. Black & Thre 표머 1 은과체중인배우자를가진이들 보다정상체중의배우자를가진과체중환자들이보 다현저하게몸무게감량을했다는것을발견했다. 비록프로그램에직접참여하지않았지만체증을감 량한배우자를가진환자들이보다더큰성공을거 두었다고그들은또한언급했다. 이는권장된변화 항목들이배우자들에의해적극지지를받았다는것 을시사했다. 마찬가지로 Pratt 는환자의배우자가 체중조절프로그램에함께참여히는경우표로그램 중도탈락률이감소했다는것을발견했다. 斷렐댐용미휩 [ 일랜 n 전형적인두괄식문E뻐 l 해당하는글이다. 또한 [ 실험결 과 ] [ 실험내용 ] 의꽤턴메서실험결과는작가가하고자하 는말즉, 주제문이라는것도역시알수있다. 이런글의경 우, 첫문장다음내용들을전체적으로종힘하먼빈칸주제 문에들어갈내용을알수있다. 과체중인배우지를가진 이들보다정상체중의배우지를가진과처 l 중환자들 01 보 다현저하커l 몸무게를감량했다는내용 ( 환자배우자의처l 중 ) 과 권장된변화항목들이배우자들에의해적극지지 를받았다는사실 ( 환자배우자의태도을통해빈 ξ 뻐 l 는 환자배우자의체중과태도 '7f 가장적절하다. I 파펄꾀텅 날씬해지고자하는과체중의배우자들 overweight partners 와같은표현미지문에반복되어나온다고해서정답으로선택해서는안된다. < 환자들이저녁식사중에먹은음식량 체중을쉽게줄인정상체중의배우자들 (normalweight partners) 정S쩌 중의배우자들이몸무게를쉽게줄었는지는알수없다. 배우 Af. 가환자의식단을얼마나지속적으로통제하느냐-- 무관한내용 필톱톨 weight 처 중 attitude 태도 patient 환자 spouse 배우자 have an impact n 에영효를끼치다 am unt 양 maintenance 유지 1verweight 과체힐의 ) normal 정상적인 significantly 현저하게, 상당히 n te 언 급하다, 주목하다

113 r- 적용예저 l 틀정답 I It is important t understand h w vision w rks, because from the first ψne y u 없rt loo힘ng ata situati n, y u 없e 려s m하ψlg use fyour existing kn wledge. If y u are at a baseball g없ne, h w do you know where to l k? If y u have never been to a game before, then the wh le thing is pr, bably a c mplex mess. γ u may miss a lot f the a며on, because you can t predict what is g ing t happen next. As y u learn m re ab ut baseball 없d devel p s me understanding f the g없ne, y u learn where to look and what objects are imp π없 t to find. At first y u mi맹t focus n the pitcher and hitter. Later 앉ill, Y u might n tice whether the infielder is playing in or back, or y u might check ut where the outfielders have ch sen t stand for a parti때ar hitter. 맴le more y u kn w ab ut baseball, the more that knowledge informs brw ygu ~_e g g때딩. 활룰률보는것이어떻게작용핸지를 ] 해핸 것은중요한데, 그것은당신이어떤상황 을처음바라보기시작하는시점부터당신의현재지 식을또한활용하기때문이다. 만약당신이야구경기 장에있다면, 어디를봐야할지를어떻게아는것일까? 만약당신이전에경기정머l 단한번도가본적이없다 면, 이모든것은아마도복집하고혼란스러운상황무 로보일것이다. 당신은그다음에일어날일을예측할 수없기때문에아마도경기의많은부분을놓칠지도 모른다. 당신이야구에대해서더많이배우고야구경 기에대한이해가높아짐에따라어디를봐야할지와 어떤대상들을발견하는것이중요한지를알게된다. 처음에당신은투수와타자에주목할수도있다, 하지 만나중에는내이수가얀쪽혹은뒤쪽에서경기를하 는지를알아차리거나혹은외야수가특정한타지헤대 해어디에서있기로결정하는지를확인할지도모른 다. 당신이야구에대해서더많이알수록그지식은 당신이 ( 경 7} 를보는펌춰엔댄핸더많은정보를준다. 활훌률댐용이뢰 [ 쩨술 ; 주저 뭔보충설명뭔 힘뀔끊i 재진술 ] 첫문장이주저 l 문으로써 보는것이어떻꺼 작용하는지를이 해 of 는것이중요하다가주제이다. 주제문다음 If. 로시직하 는문장이주저l를보충설명해주고있다. 문ξ뻐 l 예를들어 (for example. fo instance) 와같은단어가없어도 If. 로시 작하는문장이 예 를보여주는문장이라는것을알이둘필요 간및단. 야구에대해모르는사람이처음에는경기장어 서어 디를봐야할지모르지만, 지꾸경기를보게되면서야구에대 한이해도가높아지고그에따라야구겸기를어떻게봐야하 늘진릎알수있게된다는것이이글의전반적인내용이다. 빈 E 버 있는마지막문장은주제문장인첫문장의재진술로 볼수있으며, 따라서빈 ξ 뻐 I 는 당신이겸기를보는방식 에 당신의시력이중요하다는것 -- 야구경기를보 는것과시력에관한이야기가아니다. } 무관 당신이왜그 φf 구 ) 규칙을지키는지 야구규칙 을준수하는것은실제경기를히는선수들에게해 당히는일이다. 당신이그경기를예측할때 -- 경기예측에관한 내용이아니다. 무관한내용 l안톱i vision 시야, 시각 situati n 상황, 처지, 환경 make use of 을활용of다 who년전체의 complex 복잡한 - mess 엉묘빈상태 predict 예측하다 object 대상, 물체 focus on 메주력하다, 초점을맞추다 pitche 투수 hitter 타자 notice 주목하다, 관심을기울이다 infielder 내야수 outfielde 외야수 paπicular 특정한 inform ( 정보를 ) 알려주다 118 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

114 실전 01 호 l 필둡 ng!: 혀곽 ~ 흐훨 ~iiqj 흐 ~_Ejvi 태 when y u have a newb rn baby. It can seem like y u d n t have time t prepare tasty nutriti us meals or even t eat them. y u will need t learn the following trick. Try n t to wait until you 와e re빼 hungry to think ab ut eaψ1g. V:lhen you have a newb rn baby, preparing food will probably take 1 nger than llsl때. If you 양art when y u 강e 려ready hun망y, you will be abs lutely st따때1g before the f d is ready. When you 와 e starving and tired, ea 따 1g healthy is difficult. γou may want t eat fatty f 잃 t f d, ch colates, cookies r chips. This type ff, dis okay sometimes, but not every day. 짧렘신생 ~} 생기면흠법늪청화첼짚쉬뀔헛픈?} 단FJ!, 맛있고영영카많은식시를 준비할시간, 혹은심지어그것을먹을시간조차없 는것처럼보일수도있다. 디음요령을배울필요가 있을것이다, 먹고싶은생각이들정도로정말배고 파질때까지기다리려고하지마라. 신생아가있으면, 음식을준비하는일이평상시보다 마시간이더오 래걸릴것이다. 이미배고픔을느낄때 ( 음식준비를 ) 시작하게되면, 음식이준비되기전에대단히배가고 플것이다. 배가붐시고프고피곤하면, 건강에이롭 게먹는것이어렵다. 기름진패스트푸드, 초콜릿, 쿠 키혹은감자칩을먹고싶어질수도있다. 이런종류 의음식은기끔은괜찮겠지만, 매일그렇지는많다. 활훌률엠용이뢰 -[A 는 B 대 신생아가생기먼잘먹는것이 (A) 항상쉬운것01 아니다 (B) 에서주제문 A, B를모두채우는유형이다. 신생 O[: 가있으면, 음식을준비히는일이더오래걸리고, 배가몹시고프고피곤하면건죠뻐 이롭게먹는것이어려원서기름진페스트푸드, 초콜릿, 쿠키같은음식을먹기쉽다는내용들을통해빈칸을추론할수있다. I 탐멀꾀던 균형잡힌식시를할필요가있다--글에전혀언급되어있지않은내용이다. 먹는것에관한이야기를통해일E힘를시켜오답을유도하고있다. 다양한음식을준비해야한다. 신샘이카있으면음식을제대로해먹기가어렵다. 패스트푸드를먹지않는것이중요하다 지문내용의일부에해당할뿐직l7f7f 전달하고자 of는메시지는아니다. 운동을규칙적으로할필요가있다 * 무관한내용 l얀훨l newb rn baby 신생야 prepare 준비하다 tasψ 맛있는 nutriti us 영양가많은 trick 요령, 비결 probably - Or마 abs lutely 대단히, 절대적으로 starve 매우 H뻐프다, 굶주리다 fatty 기름진 chip ( 감자튀김따위의 ) 앓은조각 feed 먹을것을주다, 먹이다 recipe 요리법 plate 접시 feel like -ing 하고싶은기분이들다 take a nap 낮잠을자다 120 독해의기술시리즈 I 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 ] )

115 실전 01 호 l 2 l Sh ppers usu 뻐 y haγe a 파 nited am unt f money t spend and a 파 nited amount f 따 ne t sh p. It is imp πant t realize that sh pping is re 빼 a 鎭鍵핍쩔쉰 j 견 r 짧뀔퍼짧며 b;fil. γ u m 따 bt 밍 n information from an adveπisement, a friend a salesperson, a label, a magazine 와다 de, the Internet, or several other s urces. γ u may 려 s g 려 n inf rmation from actual use f the pr du 다, such as σ 찌 ng n a dress, test--driving. a car, r t하ψig advantage f a pr m d n at a fitness center. H 1wever, sh ppers should understand that ge떠ng any f these s urces of information has c S엽. 암1않e c sts may include tr없sp 1업디 n costs and ψne. Only y u can decide whether to take the c sts or n t. 짧렐쇼핑객들은보통지출할수있는돈의양 이한정되어있고, 쇼핑할수있는시간도 한정되어있다. 쇼핑이사실짧웰꿇했이라고깨닫는 것은중요하다. 여러분은광고, 친구, 판매원, 라멜, 잡지기사, 인터넷, 또는몇몇다른출처에서정보를 얻을수있다. 여러분은또한옷을입어보거나, 자폼 자시험운전을해보거나, 헬스클럽에서판촉행사를 이용하는것같이그제품을직접시용하는것에서정 보를얻을수도있다. 그러나쇼핑객들은이러한정보 의출처중에서어떤것을얻는것에는비용이든다는 것을이해해야한다. 이러한비용에는교통비와시간 이포함될수있다. 오직여러분만이그비용을김수 할지말지를결정할수있다. 활톨률댐용이란 [ 연결성 ] 흙필끊 i 빈칸다음문장의 에관한정보를얻틴 유쾌한경험 - 무관한내용 informatio 미 것, 쩌 l 서정보를얻는 (gain 비용이드는어떤것 i 다섯번째문징 Howeve, ) 것들의연결성을통해빈 ξ 뻐 는 정보검색 a search fo 메서 어떤것에는비용이든다는것에서 비용이드 information 이적절하다. 는어떤것이라는말은일부만사실에해당혼빠, 즉, 어떤것에는비용이들지않을수도있다는것을호별 하고있으므로, 정답이될수없다. 상호작용이일어나는장소 --- 상품을살수있는기회 -- 일반적상식으로오답을유 도하고있다. 무관한내용 딛톱를 limited 한정된, 제한된 amount 양 search 검색, 탐색 btain 얻다 a tide 기사 gain 얻다 pn duct 제품 take advantage of 카를이용하다 include 포효 k 하다 decide 결정하다 PART31 조은 A 밤좋은해설 121

116 실전 01 호 l 3 정답. Have y u been abr, ad? D y u σavel a l t? Then y u know what I m t려힘ng ab ut Wherever y u g n this 밍 be, y u can get al ngwith En힐ish. Either m st people speak it anyh W, r there is at least somebody around who can c mmunicate in 남lis language. But then, y u realize that m s비y there s something you may find ddab ut the way English is used there. 표 y u 앉e abr ad, English is 값ely t be somewhat different from the way y u speak it. Well, if y u 양ay there, wherever that is, for a τvhile, you'll get used t this. And if you 양ay there even l nger, you may eγen pi따 up s me of these features and begin to sound 파ce the 1 cals. What 난 lis example teach 않 us is: 밤 ie 헐맞 e m 웰 iyj~_nglish~ ~qlj!ic1 the w_9 빡 짧힘당신은외쾌나가본적 1 있는가? 당신은여행을많이히는가? 그렇다면당신은 내가무엇에관해말하고있는지알것이다. 당 γ 신은이 지구상어디를가즉득지, 영어로살아갈수있다. 대부분 의사람들이어떤식무로든지영어로말하거나, 또는 적어도주변에이언어로의사소통할수있는사람이 있다. 그러나 그때, 당신은대체로그폈써영어가 사용되는방식에있어이성하다고발견할수있는무 언가가있다는것을깨닫게된다. 만약당신이외국에 있다면, 영어는딩진 1 훤 } 는방식과다소다를수있 다. 만약당신이그꽁 R 잠시동안머무른다면, 꺼기가 어디든지간에, 딩진은이것에익숙하게될것이다. 그 리고만약당신이그쐐보다오랫동안머무른다면, 이러한특정틀중일부를배워서그지역사람들처렴 들리기시작할지도모른다. 이러한사례가우리에게가르쳐주는것은써 l 장에는많은영 어가있다는것이다. ( 영어가더이삭 단입언어 가아니라는것이다.) 활훌훌 [ 적용이흰 % 는 B 다 ] 문단구조 ; 미괄샘 세번째줄, But 다음의 그곳에서영어가사용되는방 식메있어이상하다고발견할수있는무언가가있다는 것을깨닫게된다. 는것은내가알고사용하던영어와 실저l 사용하는사람들의영어가다르다는말이다. 01 말 은영머가사용되는지역에서그지역특색에맞는영어 가된다는의미이다. 따라서빈 ξ 뻐 l 는 서 삭메는많은영 어가있다는것이다가가장적절하다. 원문에는 월먼간 더이삭 단일언어 가아니라는것이다. 였는데, 이문장 을패러프례이즈해써 (pa 떠 ph 떠 se) 서 상에는많은영어 가있다는것이다 가되었다. 01 와같은 pa 떠 ph 떠 se 유형 도학교내신에서실제로출제되고있다는사실도알아 둘필요가있다. -- 빈칸부분이이글의주제문메해당히는것으로서, 미 괄식구성의문단임을알수있다. 힘펀덜굉 영어는세계어이다 상식으로오 답을유도하고있다. 지역민들과상호작용하려면영어를배원라 -- 지역민들 (the cals) 이라는어휘로오답을유도하고있다 < 영어발음이더분명해야효 tcr-< 외국메서공부하려면영어를밀펠줄말아야한다 무관한내용 l 얀휩 l abroad 외국에, 해외에 globe 지구 g 하 - along 그럭저럭살다, 잘지내다 anyhow 어 떤식으로든, 어쨌든 at least 적어도 m stly CH~11 로 odd 01~ 한 be likelyt v 할것같다 somewhat 다소 fo a while 잠시동안 get used t 어I 익숙하다 pick up 배 우다, 익히다 feature 특징 the l cals 지역민 (Af 람들 ) no longe 더이상 않다 localization 지역화 훨씬택지빽 I.A 뽑 English 않는올 H 띔펼인자 一일반적으로고유명사는셀수없는명 λ 에기때문에복수표현을사용하지않는다. 하지만복수형접미사 - 않를사용했다는것은 E 밍 ish 를셀수있는명사로간주한다고생 ζp 해야한다. 어떻게영어를셀수있는명사로생각능 } 라수있는가에대한의문이생길수있는데, 그것은생킥모띔복잡하지않다. 가령, 우리끼리하는말로 콩글리시 리는말을쓰는것을들어보았을것이다. 이처럼영어가특정지역에서사용되면서, 그지역의문화와관습을담아원래영어와다른독특한영어를만들어내는경우가전세계적현성이되어버렸다. 그래서요댐는이러한것틀을 w rid En 따 shes 라부른다. 한국영어, 일본영어, 중국영어가각자따로존재한다는의미이다. 이렇게본다면영어를하나씩셀수있게되고복수형도가능하게된것이다. 122 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 "-.dlo1bi ""

117 /ι ;~?.~! In a study of 500 m 와 Tiages, ne researcher determined that marital success is more d sely linked t c mmuni ca 다 n s 넙 lls than t 없 y ther fact r. Ab 1ve all, get rid f disσa 다 i ns: the πt, the Internet, and . What y u and your sp use need is quality 따 ne to talk. My w 표 e and I have some f ur best talks on ur evening walks. A q 띠 et drive can w rk w nders t. One hardw rking c uple I kn w regularly gets t gether f r lunch. They know it s essential. A marriage with ut 'tirp.e t C:o:rnmunicatt:l is a marriage headed over a cliff. How can y u settle differences if y u d n t honestly talk iliem ut? And it s n t j 떠 t t 려굉 ng. It s listening. As a counsel r, I ve listened t people f r hours. The results are incredible. I ve seen people move fr m t tal confusi n t t tal clari 디 r just because I listened t them s me 삼 ling p 1we 버.tlhappens inside m stpe ple when they are listened t, 圖렘부부 50 샌싱에관한연구에서, 한연구원 은결혼의성공은다른어떤요소보다도 의시소통기술들에더욱긴밀히연관되어있다고결 론내렸다. 무엇보다도우선, 텔레비전, 인터넷, 그리 고이메일과같은방해요소틀을제거히라. 당신과당 신의배우짜가필요로하는것은대화를나눌수있는 앞질보죄죠 } 이다. 냐의아내와나는저녁산책을하면 서가장의미있는몇몇대화틀을나눈다, 조용히운 전히는것또한놀라운결과를낳을수있다. 내가아 는근연한어느부부는정기적으로점심식사를함께한다. 그들윤그것이목필요하다는것을안다. 의사 소홈할시간이없는결혼생활이란벼랑너머로향해 가는결흔생활이다. 만약당신이솔직하게서로의차 이점들을말로풀어내지않는다면, 어떻게차이점들 을해결할수있겠는가? 그리고그것은말 'IT] 는것만 이아니다. 그것은듣는것이다. 상담자로서나는사 람들의말을오랜시간동안경청해왔다. 그결과는 놀랍다. 내가단지그들의말을들어췄을뿐인데엄청 난혼란에서벗어나완전히명쾌해지는사람들을보 } 왔다, 그틀의말이경청되는경우에대부분의사람 들내변에서놀라운뭔가가일어난다. 활훌률댐용이뢰 }[ 언결성 ] [ 연구결고F주제뭔주제문인첫문E뻐 l서결혼의성공은무엇보다도 의사소통기술에달려있다. 고하였다. 아울러윗글의원문제에서는빈칸의위치가, 의사소통기술 (communicati n skills) 01었는더 I. 01는 τ 個를나눌수있는양질의시간 (quality time to tal셔, 의사소통할시간 (time t c mmunicate) 과언결성을갖는다. 률률뭘꾀던톨11 D 살집 -- 들을음악 함께놀친구들 결흔샘활을하케해줄돈-- 무관한내용 딛랩 maπiage 결혼 부부관겨계l marita get rid of 을없애다, 제거하다 distraction 주의산만함 sp use 배우자 quality time 양질의시간, 단란 한시간 workw nder 놀라운결과를낳다, 기적을일으키다 essential 필수적인 head ve 로효봐다 settle 해결 하다 incredible 믿을수없는, 놀라운 clarity 명쾌함 1 - -' ν r...?? 따정 I 조은 A 댐쫓듣헬 H 썰 1 웬 2 윤 :,,

118 실전 01 호 l 5 Fri en[:is. Can y u imagine τvhat life w uld be like "Without them? \Xfho w uld y u hang ut with d따 ing lunch? Who w uld y u tell ab ut the new boy in your hist ry class? Let s face it With ut friends, the w rld would be a pre 따 r 1 nely place. Al 난 1 ugh friends and friendship mean different things to different pe ple, mostpe ple realize that friends are pre 띠 r imp rtant 재퍼 ile it s fun t read what other pe ple have said ab ut friendship, what matters m st is what y u think f when you hear the word friend. γour wn pers nal defini 디 n f friendship has a l t t do 때난 1 wh~t 鼠바댔 eil4}roii 꿇. 표 f r instance, y u believe 삼 iatloy 려 ty g es hand in hand with friendship, y u are probably a loyal friend y1 urself. If you believe a friend is s meonewho 11 g utofherwayf1 ryou, maybejustt pickup ah mework assignment y u missed when y u were sick, it s likely that y u d 려 s g utofy urwayfor y ur f 더 ends. 훨훨친구들그휠1 없으면짧 ] 무엇과같을 지를당신은성상할수있는가? 점심시 간동안당신은누구와시간을보낼것인가? 역사시 간에있는새로운남자아이에대하여누구에게이 야기하겠는가? 그러한상황을직면해보자. 친구들 이없다면, 세상은상당히외로운곳일것이다. 비록 친구와우정이서로다른사람들에게서로다른것 들을의미하지만, 대부분의사람들은친구가무척 중요하다고인식한다. 다른이들이우정에관해무 엇이라말했는지를읽어내는것은흥미롭지만, 가장 중요한것은 친구 n 라는단어를들을때당신이무 엇을떠올리는가이다. 우정에관한당신자신의개인적인정의가활산 al 어떤총륜의친구인천와많은 관련이있다. 예를들어, 충직성이우정과연관되 어있다고당신이생각한다면, 당신은당신지신 1 ] 마도충직한친구일것이다. 친구란당신이아플 때당신이깜빡했던숙제를가져오려고특별히노력 '5"] 는사람이라고생각한다면, 팅진또한당신의친 구들을위해서특별한노력을기울일것이다. 활훌률댐용이휩 [A 는 B 대 [ 일뺨 ; 주제뭔보충설명문 ] 빈칸다음에 l 예를들어 가있는문장으로보건데, 빈칸문 E 떼주 제문임을알수있다. 주제문은 우정에대한당신자신의개인적 정의는 --- 와많은관계가있다. 충직성이우정과연관되어있 다고생각한다면 ( 당신자신의개인적정의 ), 당신은아마도충직 한친구일것이다 어떤종류의친구 ). 친구란당신이 01 플때당신이깜빡했던숙제를가져오려고특별 히노력하는사람이라고생각한다먼 ( 당신자신의개인적정의 ), 당신또한당신의친구들을위해서특별한노력을기울일것이다 ( 어떤종류의친구 ) 의문징을통해빈칸을추론할수있다. F 파멀꾀덩 ~ G 당신이친구를시귀는때 당신이친구를이용하는방법- 당신이충성스러운친구를필요로하는 01유 본문의 충성스러윈l,yal) 이라는단어로오답을유도하고있다. 당신친구들이너를위해무엇을해줄수있는가--우정에관한정의가무엇01냐에따라기대하는친구의성격이달라질수있다. 부분일치 원문제는 우정에관한당신자신의개인적정의가 가빈ξ떼었 -----! 안률를l hat A is like A는어떤모습인는데, 위문제에서는 A는 B다 에서 B에해당히는부분을빈칸으... 훌피l 지, A는머떤지 hang ut with 로출제한경우이다. 와시간을보내다, 놀다 Let's face it. 직면하 빈칸다음에나오는내용들을 당신자신의개인적정의 와 어 자 matter 중요하다 definiti n 정의 have a lot 떤종류의친구 로대입시킬수있는지가이문제를해결하는주 t do with 와많은관련이있다 g hand in 요포인트라할수있으며, 이러한문제들을해결할수있는능력 hand 언관되다 g out f ne sway 특별한노 을키워야좀더어렵고 η댐운문제뚫해결할수있다는사 력을하다미ck up 을껴오다 ho뼈work 실을명심해야한다 assignment 숙제 124 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

119 실전 01 회 6 l π1ere are many situations where ther pe ple 띠 r to 쐐맹歐양 p 바 퍼여 by changing 난 1e atm sphere f the environment: probably y u have already d ne 난1e same. F r example, let us imagine that a man is in the unf rtunate situation where he f rg t his wedding anniversary. The man tries t rescue the situation by prep 하 ing a selfc keel, candlelit dinner f r his wife with r man더c background music. Whether r n t he is aware f it, a candlelit dinner is a f 없 t 잃 tic way t influence a person s m d When the man s w 표 e enters the ro m, she is surprised by the delici us aroma f the utstanding dinner he has prepared. The lowleγel Ii 밟 1t f the candle puts her in a relaxed spirit. And finally, r man 디 C music d es the rest t make the wife willing to accept the husband's apol gy f r the mistake. 활훨주변환경의분위기를뱀으로써볍 { 휘 L 찬분 ~F 염평팔 J},] 훼潤월다른사람 들이노력하는많은상황들이있다. 아마도당신은 이미그와동일한것을했을수도있다. 예를들 어 한남자가그의결혼기녕일을잊어버린난처 한상햄 1 놓여있다고깡뼈보자. 그남지는낭 만적인배경음악과함께아내를위해직접요리를 하고춧불이켜진저녁식사를준비함으로써그상 황을구해내려고노력한다. 그가그것을알든모르 든, 춧불이켜진저녁식사는한사람의기분에영 향을끼칠수있는환상적인방법이다. 그남자의 아내가그벙어1 들어오면, 그가준비했던멋진저 녁식사의맛있는냄새에놀라게된다, 은은한춧불 조명은그녀를편안한기분이들도록한다. 그리고 끝고로, 낭만적인음악은아내로하여금그실수에 대한남펀의사괴를기꺼이받아들이게하는나머 지역할을하게된다. 활톨률템용이뢰 [ 일뺨적 l 문 + 보충설명뭔 빈효버 l 있는첫문장이주제문으로써, 주변환컴의분위기를바꿈으로써-- 二는 주변환경의분위기를바꾸는것이 ---하다로다시정의할수있다. 낭만적인배경음악, 요리를하고, 춧불이켜진저녁식사준비 는 주변환경의분위기를바꾸는것 에해딩혼t다. 한사람의기분에영흔닥을끼칠수있는, 펀안한기분이들도록하는 것은빈ξ삐들머갈내용이된다. 따라서빈ξ뻐 는 우리의기분에영흔떨끼친대influenceou mo d) 가가장적절하er. 위문저는빈칸의위치를바꾸어서 --- 을비꿈으로써우리의기분에영흥떨끼칠수있다 의형태의빈칸문제를출제할수있음에유의해야한다. I파뭘꾀텅7JI D 식욕을돋우다 지문의내용이저녁식사와관련이있기는하지만 식욕을돋우다로추론할수있는근거는없다. 실수를잊어버리다 -- 지문의 결혼기념일을잊어버리다라는내용으로오답을유도하고있다. 배우자를놀라게하다- 낭만적인음악과저념식사 로 배우자를놀라게히는것으로추론할수는있지만, 정답과는관계가멀다. 기념일을기억하다 세번째줄의끼념일 anniversary 이라는단어로오답을유도하고있다. 무관한내용 딛톱를 influen않영뚫刀 치다 m od 기분 atmosphe e쁨기 relaxed 편안한, 긴쟁 l 풀린 spirit 기분 d the rest 나머지역할을해내다 willing ti v 기꺼이판 는 apology 샤과 unfortunate 난처한, 불행한 wedding anniversary 결혼기념일 rescue 구하다 candlelit 춧불을빌펜 romantic 는멘적인 backgn und music 배경음악 be aware f 을알고있다, 인식하다 aroma 향기, 냄새마 tstanding 멋진, 뛰어난

120 실전 02 호 l 1 Fundamental differences may exist between men and women. Perhaps as a child y u rememberg ingt y urm therwheny ubr ke that garage window with a baseball. γ u went t y ur m ther instead f your father, because mom w 버d be less likely to be upset. A study at Ohio State University found that w men s bl d pressure rises less than men s in resp nse t an bjec다.ve sσessor. Other research, h wever, sugge얀s that, as a wh le, women may feel m re sσess than men. R nald Kessler did a H와vard study and found 난lat w men f닐 el sσesij m re ojten because they generally take a m re farreaching view f life. F r ex 없 nple, w men ma γ ψ rryab ut many things at a 며 ne, w 비 le many men can classify their w πies, de때ng 떼난1 띠γ nepr blem r sσess r bef, re m 1vingon t the 짧렘남자와여자싸 1 어 l 근본적인째점탈 1 존재할지도모른다. 아마도어릴때당신이야구공으로차고의장문을쨌을때당신은어머니에게갔던것을기억할것이다. 당신은아버지대신에어머니에게갔는데, 어머니가화를덜낼것같았기때문이다 오하이오주립대학의한연구는객관적인스트레스요인에반응하여여성의혈압이남성의혈압보다떨상승한다는것을발견했다. 그러나, 다른연구는대체로여성이남성보다더많은스트레스를느낄지도모른다는것을시사한다. R nald Kessler 는하바드대학에서연구를하였고, 여성이일반적으로인생에대해보다넓은견해를취하기때문에더 IA1주스트레스를느낀다는것을발견했다. 예를들어, 많은남성들은그들의걱정거리를구분하여, 다음 로넘어가기전에오로지하나의문제나스트레스요인만을다루는반면에, 여성들은한번에많은것햄대해걱정할지도모른다. next ne. 짧웰댐용이흰 [ 대립샘 I 렐필괴뎌굉 l 다섯번째줄, 그러나 {h wever) 가있는문장에서여성이 남성보다더많은스트레스를느찔지도모른다는것을시 사한다고하였다. 예를들어놓은문 E 빼서도남성은하나 의문제나스트레스요인만을다루는반면여성들은한 번에많은것뭘 대해걱정할지도모른다는내용으로보 Dr, 빈 a 뻐 I 는 더자주스트레스를느낀다 가들어가야한 다는것을추론할수있다. 대립쌍 대립쌍 1: 스트례스에요인에대한남성들의반응 대립쌍 2: 스트레스에요인에대한여성들의반응 [D더활동적인삶을산다-- 남자들보다덜민감하다 -- 무엇에덜민감한지구체적으로알수없으며, 설령스트레스에덜민김하다고유추해본다하더라도, 각단계에서하나의문제를다룬다 남성들이걱정거리를구분하여하나의문제나스트레스요인만을다룬다고하였다. 혈압상승을경험한다 오하이오주립대학언구결과에서여성의혈압이남성보다덜상승효H 각고하였다 반대개념! 얀휩 l fundamental 근본적인 exist 존재빡 be likely t v 할것같다 blood p 띤 ssure 혈압 in response -to 에반응하여 objective 객관적인 st esso 스트레스요인 far-reaching 광범위한 at a time 한번에 classify 구분하다 deal with 다루다, 취급하다 126 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

121 실전 02 호 l 2 l Students may n t spontaneously bring their prior lrnowledge t bear on new le없피ng situati ns. It is important to help students activate prior lrn,wledge so they can build on it productively. Indeed, rese 따 ch suggests that even- 뼈혀 l fust;rue 鼠 l혀 interventions can activate students relevant prior lrnowledge t p sitive effect. For instance, in one famous study by Gick and Holyoak, c liege 앉udents were presented with two problems that required them t apply a certain mathematical concept. The researchers f und that even when the students lrnew the s luti n to the first pr blem, the vast maj rity did not think t apply a similar solution to the sec nd problem. However, when the instn ctor suggested t 뾰dents that they 벼ink about the second pr blem in relation t the first, 80 percent f the student p때cψants were able t solve it. In ther w rds, with minor pr mpts and simple reminders, insσuct rs can aαivate relevant prior lrnowledge so that studen엽 draw on it more effectively. 활톨률학생들은그들의사전지식을새로운학습상황에자발적으로관련짓지못할수 도있다. 학생들이사전지식을생산적으로이용할 수있게, 사전지식을활성화하도록도와주는것이 중요하다. 실제로, 척은쿄靜캔협뱉많학생들 의관련사전지식을활성화시켜긍정적인효괴를거 둘수있다고연구들이제안한다. 예를들면, Gick 과 H lyoak 의한유명한연구에서, 대학생들에게특 정수학적개념적용을요구하는두가지문제들이제 시되었다. 그연구자들은그학생들이첫번째문제 에대한해결책을알고있을때조차도상당수가유싸 한해결책을두번째문제에적용할생각을하지못 했다는것을알아냈다. 그러나교사가학생들에게첫 번째문제와연관지어두번째문제에대해생각해보 라고제안했을때참가학생들의 80 퍼센트가그것을 해결할수있었다. 다시말해서, 작은조언과단순 한주의환기를시용하여, 학생들이사전지식을보 다효과적무로이용할수있도록교사가관련배경지 식을활성화시킬수있다. 활훌률댐용이뢰개 H 많댄결성 ] 학생들의사전지식을활성화하도록도외주는방법이무엇인기에대한글로써, 빈칸주제문다음에예시문이이머지는글의구조다. 대학샘들에게두가지문제를제시하고, 첫번째문제와연관지어두번째문제에대해생각해보라고제안했을때학생들의 80퍼센트가그것을해결할수있었다고하였고, 마지막문장즉, 다시말해 (In othe words를통해주제를환언하고있음도알수있다. 결국, 이글의구조는주제문 + 예시문F주제문의형식이다. 마지막문g뻐 서작은조언과단순한주의환기를통해학생들이관련배경지식을활성화시킬수있다고하였으므로, 빈ξ뻐 l는 작은조언과단순한주의환기 와같은의미인 적은교육적개입만으로도 가가장적절하다. I 파멸펴던 교시들의적절한가르침만이 교사들의적절한가르 침이학생들의관련배경지식을활성화시킬수있다는 것은맞는말이지만, 구체적인내용이없다. 수학적개념을이해하는것이 -- 지문의수학적개념 (mathematical concept) 이오답을유도히고있다. < 많은문제들을지주연습히는것이 - 지식을새로운문제에적용하는것이 -- 지식을새로운 문제에적용하는것은학생들의사전지식을이미활성 화시커버린것이되기때문에정답이될수없다. 지식 을적용할수있도록필요한것이무엇인가를묻고있기때문에이에대한답이빈 ξ 떼되어야한다. 반대개념 F험l s야따ane usly χf발적으로 bea on 와관련이있다 acti ---- b미 Id n 를기반으로하다, 을의지하다 productively 생산적으로 inst uctional 교육적인 intervention 개입 releva11t 관련된 i11 re\ati n t 에관련하여 participant 참가자 minor 작은, 사소한 prompt 조언, 암시, 힌트 draw n 낙을이용하다 reminde 주의환기 effectively 효괴적으로! - PART34 조은빼흙해할 - 誠했렐츄

122 실전 02 호 l 3 정답. Henry Kissinger was a master 와융달달퍼홍다週강닝뚫닮굶략k. His chief f 앉aff nee handed in a rep π he had written n f reign p!icy. When Kissinger received the rep rt, he asked simply, Is this γ ur best work? The chief th ught for a moment and, w rried that his b SS w uld think the report was n t g d enough, responded, Jvir. Kissinger, I can d better. So Kissinger gave the rep rt back. 1'w weeks later the chief turned in the revised report. Kissinger kept it f r a week and then sent it back with a n te 난iat said, 'Are y u sure this is y ur best w rk? Realizing that s mething must ha:γe been missing, the chief once again r없 πote the rep rt. This time when he handed the rep π t his boss he said,.mr. Kissinger, this is my best w rk. Up n hearing this, Kissinger replied, Then 난us time I w피 read yourrepoπ. 활훨 ~er::_;'_ Kissinger 는 k 댐틀판 - 환샌 ] 짧볍흘? 혈헌패효칫댄 ~1 대가였다, 한 번은그의비서실장이그가외교정책에대해썼던 보고서를제출했다. Kissinger 가그보고서를받았 을때, 그는 이것이당신의최선입니까? 라고단 순하게물었다. 비서실장은잠시동안생각해보고 그의상사가보고서를충분히훌륭하지않다고생 각할까봐걱정되어.Mr. Kissinger, 제가더잘할 수있습니다. 라고대당했다. 그래서 Kissinger 는 보고서를되돌려주었다. 2 주후에비서실장은수 정된보고서를제출했다. Kissinger 는일주일동 안그것을가지고있다가방신은 1 것이최선이 라고확신합니까? 라고쓰인쪽지와함께돌려주 었다. 무언가가빠져있음이틀림없다는것을깨닫 고비서실장은다시한번보고서를재작성했다. 이번에그가상사에게보고서를건네었을때그는 Mr. Kissinger, 이것이저의최선입니다. 라고말 했다. 이것을듣자마자, Kissinger. 가 그러면이번 에는내기 {Kissinger) 당신의보고서를원겠네. 라 고대탑했다. 활톨률댐용이휩 [ 일뻗때 l 뭔보충설명뭔 Henry Kissinger. 가직원들로부터최선의보고서를받아내기위해직원탈ii게여러번최선을다했는지를물었던일회에관한내용이다. 첫문E베주제문이고일화를이야기히는보충문장으로구성된글이다. I파펄쿄뎌 ~ G 직원들을괴롭히는것 직원들이보고서를작성하도록했던일을괴롭히는것으로만단정지을수없 다. 직원의보고서를수정하는것 직원의보고서를수정했다는것은본문에없는내용임 외국인들과협-1=1간 J"I는것 -- 빠진무엇인기를일버때는것-- 무관한내용. 휠 l maste 들빈, 명수 chief of staff 비서실장 hand in 저 출하다 foreign policy 외교정책 resp nd 대답하 - 다 note 메모, 쪽지 realize 깨닫다, 일에 f 차리다 must have p.p. 했음이었음 ) 에틀림없다 upon ing 하자마자 할때 reply 대답하다 { 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문 ι } ~ -" ~

123 실전 02 호 l 정답. l When children turn f ur, they start to consider what other people are thin 굉 ng. If, f r instance, y u show a fouryear Id a packet of gum and ask what s inside, she 11 say, Gum. γ u pen the packet and show her that inside there s a pencil instead f 맑 m. If y u 잃 k her what her mother, wh s waiting utside, will think is in the packet nee it s been red sed, she 11 say, Gum, because she knows her mother hasn t seen the pencil. But children under the age f f ur will generally say that their m ther will think there s a pencil inside because children of 버 is age C 없 m t yet imagine the w rid beyond their own reality. They m 뼈뻗 ryo 앨때 샘 wh~t_ 벼 ey_ 뼈 π because 남 ieycann t model s meoneelse s mind and, in 삼 us case, re 삶 ize that s meone must see s me 산 ling in rder t know it 斷렐댐용이뢰 [ 일반화 ] [ 대립생 활룰률어린이가네젤1 되면그들은많 림들이무엇을생각하고있는지고려하기 죄짐환단. 예를들어, 만약당신 1 네살아이에게 껑한통을보여주고무엇이그안에있는지물어보 면, 그아이는 껍 이라고말할것이다. 당신이그통 을열어그 에에게껍대신연필한자루까그안에 있다는것을보여준다. 만약당신이일단그것을다 시닫고그아이에게밖에서기다리고있는그아머 의엄마가그통안에무엇이틀어있을것이라고생 각증 1 는지를물어본다면, 그아이는엄마가연필을보 지않았다는것을알 71 때문에 껍 이라고말할것이 다. 그러나네살미만의어린이는일반적으로그들 의엄마가그안에연필이있다고생각할거라고말 할것이다. 왜냐하면이나이의어린이는아직그들 자신만의현실을넘어서세상을상상할수없기때문 이다. 그들 페살미만의어린이 ) 은다른사람의관점 에서이해할수없고, 이러한경우그것을알기위해 누군가가무언가를봐야한다는것을인식할수없기때문에그들은? 보든. 탬이그들한얄고, 없는것을안다고생각한다. 첫문E뻐 l서네살이되먼머린이가다른사람들이무엇을생각봐고있는지고려하기시작효빠고하였고, 그다음문장들에서이에대한보충설명을해주고있다. 다섯째줄, 그러 LKBut) DI히에서부터는네살이되기전의아이들메대한설명이나오는데, 글의흐름상네살이된마이들과대조적인설명이오는것을추론할수있으므로, 빈ξ뻐 는네살어린이들이히는것 ( 다른사람들이무엇을생각하고있는지고려하기시직증 는것 ) 과반대되는내용이어야한다, 즉, 네살아이들은자신과남을구별해서생각할수있지만, 네살미만의아이들은자신과남을구별해서생각할수없다는것이다. 따라서빈ξ뻐 는 모든사람이그들이알고있는것을안다고 가들어갈것을추론할수있다. 위지문의또다른해설은대립쌍개념으로해결해볼수도있는데, 네살이된어린이와네살미만의어린이를대립쌍으로설정하면, 네살이된어린이는자신과남을고려하기시작하고, 네살미만인머린이는자신의현실세계를넘어서지못하기때문에자신의생각이남의생각과같을것으로생각효rq, 고쉽게추론할수있다. E 펄꾀덩톨 ~ φ 상대방 OIJ:;f71 그가본것을야무도모른다고 -- 네살미만의 0 매 들 은자신과남을따로떼어놀고생각할수없기때문에 지문의내용과반대된다. 그들이엄마의생각을예측할수없다고 네살미만 의아이들은자신과남을따로떼어놀고생각할수없 기때문에지문의내용과반대된다. 사람들이핵심을비껴 :c.rq 고, -- 네살미만의아이들은 자신과남을따로떼어놀고샘각할수없기때문에지 문의내용과반대된다. 반대개념 활쾌 turn 0 의 LfOI 가 ) 되다따 ket 한통 m 하 ead of 대신에 reclose 다시닫다 generally 일 반적으로 beyond 녁을넘어서 reah 야현실 m del 을본 뜨다 을모방하다 >,ιι '"'',.. '..: +

124 실전 02 호 l 5 The fast pace f t day s lifestyle has us p퍼ng ne 산ling n t p f an ther. But y u sh uld lmow that multitasking doesn t save any time. Verγ ften, m띠.titas. 힘ng nly slows y u down, c ntr없yt p p버ar belief. Give y1 urwh lefi cus t what y u re d ing at the m ment no matter what it is. While d ing the laundry, just d the laundry: Listen t the s und f the water as it fills the washing machine and feel 남1e cl thes in your hand. It d esn't take up any m re time than it would when d newith y urph ne pressed t y ur ear. The S없ne applies t y ur w rk FoαlS on 월만웰 at a 삐 i 녕, each t 잃 k better, and pr bably f 잃 ter. and you 11 accomplish 활룰률오늘날의빠른생활방식이우리로뼈금한가지것을또다른것위에쌓아두게 한다. 하지만, 다중작업이시간을절약해주지못 한다는것을당신은주의해야한다. 매우지주다충 작업은일반적인믿음과상반되게당신의속도를늦 추게할뿐이다. 그것이무엇이든당신이그순챈 l 하는일에온전히집중을랜 +. 세탁을하는동안에 는그냥세탁만해라, 물이세탁기를채울때에는물 의소리를듣고손에있는세탁물을느껴봐라. 당신 의귀에전화기가대어진채로행해질때보다그것은 시간을조금도더많이자지하지않는다. 똑같은것 이당신의일에도적용된다. 한번댄한가잔띨에만 집중하라. 그러면일을더잘, 그리고아마도더빠르 게해낼수있을것이다. 활훨 [ 적용 론 ] 때진술 ; 주제뭔보충설명 문 + 재진술 ] 오늘날의빠른생활방식이동시에여러가지일을하도록강요하지만사실다중작업 (multitasking) 이시간을절약해주지못하고오히려일의속도를늦춘다는것이도입부의내용이자이글의중심내용이다. 그러므로다중작업대신한번에한가지일을처리하도록 노력해야한다고추론할수있다다중 ξ댐이시간을절믿t 해주지못효다가빈칸의 한번에한가지일에만집중하라는표현으로재진술되고있음도읽어낼수있어야한다. F 륨멀괴뎌 상사가명렁한것-- 네가잘하는일 -그것이무엇이던지딩신이하고있는일에온전히집중하라고하였지만, 즐띈f는일메집중히라는내용은지문에언급되지잃댔다. 당신의시간을절믿꽤주는일 --지문에서다중작업이시간을절믿t 해주지않고, 오히려일의속도를늦춘다고하였다, 많은중요한일 -- 다중죠법이오히려속도를늦추므로한번에한가지일만하라는지문내용과반대의내용이다. 반대개념 I 얀뭘 l lifestyle 생활방식 pile 쌓다 multitasking 디중작업 ( 다중업무처리 ) save 절핸따 slowdown 속도를 늦추다 c ntrary to 와상반되게, 와는반대로 popula 일반적인, 대중적인, 인기있는 wh le 전체의, 온전한 f GUS 집중 at the m ment 그순죠뻐 n matte what 히는것은무엇이든 do the laundry 세탁을하다 washing machine 세탁기 take up 차지하다 press 누르다, 갖다대다 apply to 에적용되다 task 과업, 업무 at a time 한번에 accomplish 성취하다, 해내다 130 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

125 실전 02 호 l 6 ~ We have all had the experience of suddenly n ticing that a sα끄ce f c nstant backgr und noise, such as a distant jackhammer r music fr m a st re, has j따 t ceased - yet we hadn t n ticed the s und while it was ongoing. Your auditory areas were predicting its c n따ma ti n, m ment after m ment, and as 1 ng as m깅 b.axsedtci월 ~(fillfuig닐 y u paid it no attention. By ceasing, it violated y urpredicti n and attracted y uratten다 n.here sahist rical example. Right 라ter New Y rk City st pped running elevated tr려ns, pe pie called the police in the middle f the night claiming that s mething w ke them up. They tended to call around the time the tr려nsused t run p잃t theirap앙tments. 활흩률우리는모두멀리서들리는착암용드릴 소리나상점에서나오는음악과같은지 속적인배경소음원이막멈춘것을갑자기알아차리 는경험을해본적이있다. 그러나 우리는그소리 가진행중인동안에는그것을알아채지못했다. 당신 의청각영역은순간순간그것의지속을예측하고있 었고, 그소홈젠변능박딘않설한당신은그것어l 주의 를기울이지않았다. 멈춤으로인하여그것은딩진의 예측을어긋나게하였고당신의주의를꿀었다, 여기 역사적예시가있다. 뉴욕셔가고가철도열차의운 행을멈춘직후, 사람들은무언가가그들을깨웠다고 주장하면서한밤웹경찰에전화했다. 그들은열차 가그들의아파트를지나기곤했던그시간즈음에전 화를하는경향이있었다. 짧렐댐용이란 [ 대립셈 첫문장에서우리는지속적인배경소음원이막멈춘것을알아차리지만, 그소리가진행중인동안 ( 머떤소리가계속진행중인시실을 ) 에는알아채지못했다는글의주제가제시되고있다. 빈ξ떼포함된문장에서는일이채지못했다 ( 당신은그것메주의를기울이지않았다 ; 는부분이나왔으므로, 빈a뻐 l는 그소음이변하지않는한 ( 그소리가진행중인한 ) 이들어 ; 가는것이가장적절하다. I 를펄괴텀 UI φ 그소리는크지않았다-- 야무도그소음에대해당선에게알려주지않았다- 소음noise) 이라는머휘로오답을유도하고있다. < 당신은일에집중했다 배경음악이매력적이지잃댔다 배경 (backgn und) 이라는어휘로오답을유도하고있다. 무관한내용 대립쌍개념적용 대립생1) 소리가진행중인동안 알01채지못한다대립생2) 소리가멈추었을때 -+ 멈추었다는 λ낼알아차린다 할뀔 noti않알o짜리다 so뼈원천 constant 지펙인 background 빠 such as B B와같은 A distant 먼, 멀리딸어진 jackhamme 칙밤용드랄 cease 멈추다 yet 그러나 ongoing 진행중인 audit ry 청각의 area 영역 predict 예측하다 continuation 지속, 연속 moment after moment 순죠순간 as l ng as 히는한 pay attention 집중하다 violate 에어긋나다, 위E 하다 prediction 예측 attract ( 주의따위를 ) 꿀어당기다 attenti n 주의, 관심 hist1 ri떠 역사적인 example 예시, 예 run 운행하다, 운영하다 elevated ( 주변이나지면보대높은, 고가의 elevated train 고가철도열차 in the middle f the night 효밤품에 claim 주 :g. 하다 tend t v 히는경향이있다 an und 즈음에, 경에 usedt v ( 과거에 ) 하곤했다 run by 지나가다 / - -~-' -

126 F 칠천 03 호 l 1 1 γ u mi밟1t have heard f such st ries of expeπ intuiti n: the chess master wh walks past a sσeet game and ann unces 때hite mates in 낭 rree with ut st pping, r the physician wh m 삶 esa c mplex diagnosis 값 ter a sin 빙 e glance at a patient. Expert intuiti nstrikes us as magical, but it is not. Indeed each f us 놔 e 퍼 P 따 fea 업 olirl 며 itiye8-}_cp_e 띠 S 딛 many times each day. M st f us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the first w rd f a teleph ne call and rec gnize as we enter a r m that we τvere the subject fthe c nγersa 다 n. O 따 everyday intuitive ab 파 ties are n less m 앙 velousthan 남 ie sσiking insi 밟 its fan experienced chess master r physician- nly more corr 끄 non. 활룰률탱진은길거리게임을지나치다가멈추지도않고 흰말이세수안에체크메이트 ( 장권 n 라고알려주는체스달인이나, 환자를단한번 흘끗본후복잡한진단을내리는의사와같은전문가 의직관에대한이야기를틀어본적이있을것이다. 전문가의직관은우리에게마법과같은인상을주지 만그것은그렇지않다. 사실 우리각지는캠관챔 첸분지석함훈 } 업을매일여러번달성한다. 우리대 부분은전화통화의첫단어속에서분노를감지하는 데있어정확하며뱀l 틀어갈때우리가대화의주제 였다는것을알아챈다. 우리의일상의직관적능력은 경험많은체스달인이나의사의인상적인통찰력에 못지않게경이롭다. 단지더흔할뿐이다. 활훌률댐용이흰 [ 일뺨통념 + 반맨글의전반부에서통념을제시하고빈칸앞문장 but it is not에서통념에대한반박을하고있다. Indeed는앞문장을강조해주는표시이며, 이부분에빈칸을저μ 한문제유형이다. 전문가의직관이우리에게마법과같은인상을주지만사실은그렇지않다고하였다. 이말은우리도역시전문가와같은직관이있다는밀빔을알수있으며, 빈칸다음문ε뻐 서우리가일상생활에서겪는마법과같은우리의직관에대한예를보여주고있다따라서빈ξ뻐 는우리도역시 직관적전문지식의위업을달성한다 가가장적절하다. I 파필괴던톨 a G 전문가의직관을획득하려한다 우리들각자도전문가들만큼이나직관이있다는것이이글의주제이므로전문가의직관을획득하려한다는것은주제와반대되는개념이다. 우리가일상적인일을히는데있어머뭇거린다 < 무의식적으로실수를반복효빠- 무관한내용 ~ 벤의마법같은능력을알아차린다 첫문장과마 지막문장의의 the chess master.2.j master. 로오답유도하고있다 무관한내용! 얀휩I might have p.p. 아마 했을것이다 expert 전문개의 ) int미tion 직관 maste 달인 walk past 걸어서지 ---- 나가다 announce 알리다, 발표하다 mate=checkmate ( 체i메세외통징권을부르대 physician 내과의사 complex 복잡한 diagn sis 진단 single 단한번의 glance 흘끗봄, 응시 patient 환자 strike Aas B A에게 B라는인상을주다 magical 마법같은 perform 행하다, 을잘 5HL1i다 feat 위업, 묘7 j intuitive 직관적인 expertise 전문지식 pitch-perfect 한치의오차없이완벽한, 절대음감의 detect 감지하다, 발견하qange 분노 recognize 알아차리다, 인식하다 subject 주제 everyday 일상적인 no less than 에못지않게 한 ma Ne! us 경이로운 striking 인상적인 insight 통찰력 experienced 경험많은 C이nm on 흔한 132 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

127 ι실전 03 호 l 2 l Judgements about flav1 r are ften influenced by preclicti ns based on the appearance of the f d F r example, strawberry-flav1 red f $ w uld be expected to be red. However, if colored green, because f the 않s cia뎌 n of green f ds with flavors such as lime, it w uld be difficult f0f 성 $:\1 빼광 a f!ay:<:li~ 삶 S1:J.: 짧뚫띠 unless it was very str ng. Color intensiη als affects flav1 r perception. A stronger c l r may cause percep뎌 n f a stronger flav r in a pr duct, even if the stronger c l r is simply due to the adcliti n f m re f d c loring. Texture 려 s can be misleading. A 난 licker pr duct may be perceived as tas 따 ig richer or stronger simply because it is 난 licker, and not because the thicke 띠 ngagent a 표 ects the flav r f the f cl. 활룰률쨌l 대한판단은흔히음식의겉모협l 기초한예측에의해영향을받는다. 예 를들어, 딸기맛이나는음식들은빨간잭일것으로 기대된다. 그러나 녹잭으로칠해진다면, 녹색음식 과라입과같은맛의연관성때문에, 그것이매우강하지않는한그맞플팔껴홀빨 } 캘낀어려울것이다. 색의강도또한맛의인식에영향을준다. 더강 한색깔이나는것이단순히더많은식용색소의첨 가때문일지라도, 더강한색깔이식품에서의더강 한맛의지각을유발할수도있다. 질감역시오해하 게할수있다. 더걸쭉한음식은농후재료가음죄의 맛에영향을주기때문이아니라단순히그것이더 걸쭉하기때문에맛이더풍부하거나경하다고인식 될수도있다. 활톨률템용이휩 [ 일뻗 }, 펴 l 호 n 9.! 뻐 대한판단은색, 색의강도, 질감과같은음식의겉모습에기초한예측에영향을받는다는것이글의중심내용이다. 일반화 vs. 구체화 일반화 첫문장 맛에대한판단은흔히음식의겉모습에기초한예측에의해영흥닥을받는다. 구체화 딸기원래의색과다른색이음식에칠해져있으면, 원래의맛을알아보기어렵다. I 받멀꾀뎌 UI CD 라임의효F 을약화시킨다-- 딸기를녹색으로칠해놓으면녹색음식과라임과같은맛의연관성때문에딸기맛을딸기로알야보기어렵다고했다. 딸기색을바꾼다- 맛의효괴를제거효빠-- 어떤과일이더맛있는지알마본다-- 딸기를녹색으로칠해놓으면녹색음식과라임과같은맛의연관성때문에딸기맛을딸기로일버 f보기어렵다고했다. < 반대개념 딛톱톨 judgement 판단 fl av' 맛 풍口 l influe appea떠 nee 겉모습 외양 association 언관성 identify A as B A를 B로알아보다 식별하다 ) unless 하지않는한 intensity 강도, 세기 percepti n 지각, 인식 even if 비록 일지라도 due t 때문에 additi n 첨가 food c loring 식용색소 texture 질감 misleading 오해하게하는 rich ( 맛이 ) 풍부한 thickening agent 빽체의 ) 농후재료 ι J않 끼 r t 꺼야

128 실전 03 호 3 H uses in flames, er psst len, and has디r graves f r the dead. This was 난 ie lega 다 r f Attila s Huns, sweeping acr, SS n 버 iem Italy and causing massive desσucti n t the remains f 난ie R man Empire. But they unintenti nallicfoft 때핸심1며뾰밸웰J~g띨월1핸. Refugees from burning cities were desperate t find safe refuge. As things g t w rse, m re R man citizens streamed t the wetlands to avoid 난ie mass 힘피ngs and destruction n the mainland. ver the next few centuries 난 iey transfi rmed the t ugh 밍 π m 며 ngs int 없 archite 다 ural w nder: Venice! B 띠 lt out of misfortune, Venice eventually turned into one of the richest and most beautif 띠 cities in the world. Thus harsh necessiψ can be the m ther f 밍 orious mvention. 활훌률댐용이뢰 [xtt 진술 ] [ 연결성 ] 흔족이로마제국을휩쓸고남긴것에는유물의대료 mr. 괴 외에도건축의경이로움, 불행으로부터지어진가장풍요 롭고야름다운도시들중하나인베니스를남켰다는것 이글의중심내용이다, 그힘든환경을건축의경미로움 으로변화시켰다 와마지막문장까혹한필요가영광스 러운발명의어머니가될수있다 를통해서도빈칸을추 론할수있다. 짧렘불길에휩뺀집들빨당한농작물들, 죽은사람들을위한급하게만든무럼들. 이것은북이탈리아를휩쓸고로마제국유콸 R 대량 파괴를일 3 킨아틸라의훈족들의유산이었다. 그 러나 그들은의도치않게돋 E; 단른 L 덕 ; 츰전청한판 f 잔 $ 한남쳤대. 불타는도시들을떠나는피난민들은 안전한피난처를찾기위해필사적이었다. 상황머더 악화되면서더많은로마시민들은본토에서의대량 살상과파괴를피하기위해습지대로줄을지어이동 했다. 그다음수세기에걸쳐그들은그힘든화경을 건축의격미로움으로변화시켰다. 바로 V 밍꾀 ce 였다 l 불행으로부터지어진 Ve 펴 ce 는결국세계에서가장 풍요롭고이름다운도시들중의하나로바뀌었다. < 이와같이 가혹한필요가염팎스러운발범의어머 니가될수였다. I 파펄괴덩,... G 피난민들이다른땅을찾도록하였다 흔족의침입 으로피난민들이안전한피난처를찾기위해필사적 이었다는사실을통해피난민들이다른땀을찾도록 하였다는사실은내용일치에해 S 딴봐. 희생자들이멋진빌딩을짓도록강요했다 수세기 에걸쳐베니스라는도시를만든것이희생자들로하 여금멋진빌딩을짓도록강요했다고결론지을수는 없다. 순진한시민들의많은집을파괴했다 훈족의침입 으로인해로마시민들의집이파괴된것은사실이지만, 빈칸부분은훈족의침입이가져온긍정적부분이 되어야하므로답이될수없다. 로마시민들이습지를개빌판 f 게하였다 -- 훈족의침입 므로, 로마시민들이습지를찾야이동하였지만, 습지 를개빌했다는것은지문내용과다르다. 무관한내용. 뿜l in flame 불길에휩쩨다 p 농작물벼Sψ 급해11 만든, 서두르는 grave 무덤 the dead 뿜 λ밤들 - legacy 유산 sweep 휩쓸다 massive 대량의 remains 유물 empire 저 국 unintenti nally 의도치않게 positive 긍정적인 as well 또한 refugee 피난민 desperate 필사적인 refuge 피노f;i:-j citizen 시민 stream 줄을지 어이동하다 wetland 습지대 avoid 피하다 mass 대량 ( 의 ) mainland 본토 transform A int B A 를 B 로변화시키다 tough 힘든 surroundings 환경 architectural 건축의 w nde 경이로움 misf, utune 불행 eventually 결국 thus 따라서 harsh 가혹한 necessity 필요 glorious 영광스러운 134 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

129 r,,. } 때 )'';; 허 1; 펀? ] -; 벅 페..L'.:'fa 철 j 젠패 Kids learn mostly by example. They m del their wnbehavi r 라 ter their parents and their lder siblings. If your kids have bad ea 파 1g habits, ask y urself h w that happened in the first place. If y u eat a p r diet y urself, ne밍ect y ur health, rsm ke and drink in & nt fthem, y u shouldn t be surprised when y ur children go down the S밍ne r ad s be a g d r le m del and set the stage f r heal야1y eating at h me and when y u eat out as a family. 랜 m:jl; 맺!_o 밸 1 핑 ealt louder tha 끄 101.li''.woJ;d,s. D not expect y ur kids to know f r themselves what is g d f rthem. 활훨 J-ol들은대부분본보기어l 의해배운다 그들은그들의부모와그들보다나어가 많은형제자매들을본받아자신의행동을형성한다. 만약당신의 } 이들이나쁜직습관을가진다면, 그것 이애초부터어떻게일어났는지당신자신에게질문 하라. 만약딩진 1 } 이들앞에서건강치못한식단 을가지고있거나, 당진의건강을소홀히하거나혹 은흡연하고음주한다면, 당신의 } 이들이똑겉은길 을가게될때놀라지말아야한다. 따라서훌륭한역 할모델이되어집에서그리고가족외식을할때건 강한먹기의환경을조성해라. 발 ~ 큐행흩 '9l 충뭘한법런단. 당진의 J-ol 가스스로그댐게무엇이좋은 지알것이라고기대하지마라. 활훌률엠용이뢰 - 때진술 ; 쩍 l뭔보충설명 문 + 재진술 ] 첫문장 0 매 들은대부분본보기에의해배운다, 가이글의주제문이다. 그리고마지막문장 당신의아이가스스로그뭘 게무엇이좋은지알것이라고기대따 l 口 f라 는주제문을재진술히고있다. I 파멈꾀던 ~ G] 매를 0[ 끼면, 부모는자식을가장잘파악하고있는사램 가지많은나무바람잘날없다 F 톨 I m stly 대부분, 대 7H example 본보 7J m de!aafte B B 를본떠서 A 를형성하다 be 벼 vi r 행동 sibling 형제자매 in the first place 애초부터, 처음부터 neglect 소홀히하다, 무시하다 set the stage f raa 를 위한무대 ( 토대 ) 를口 f 련하다 eat ut 외식하다 f r neself 스스로 -- ~- - - :

130 -떠-전----시를-회--Ih---- 저 - 꿇- -In 2000, the g veπ=ent in Glasg w, Sc tiand, 굶핵학험-교활!ill많 ~=91:1 화e뱃 h야퍼 웰.te 밍 }. Officials hired a team t beautify the ciψ by inst에ing a series f blue lights in Vari us n ticeable l cations. a,. F 닫 m. 굶 kibfi 될 C:iiille In the ry, blue lights are m re atσac 뎌 ve and calming than the yell w and white U 밟 1ts that illuminate much f 남1e ciψ at ni밟1t, and indeed the blue lights seemed t cast a so thing 밍 w. M nths passed and the c 따 s crime statisticians n ticed a $ 파 ing trend: The l cati ns that were newly bathed in blue experienced a dramatic decline in c 마띠 nal acti 찌다 ' The blue lights in G]asg 1w, which mimicked the lights at p p lice cars, seemed to imply that the p lice were always watching. The lights were never designed t reduce σime, but that s exactly what they appeared t be d ing. 활훨 2000 년에스코틀랜드의 GI 잃째시정부는춤혹한벌효댐냉햄을훈연한발천한것무묻보였다. 공무원틀이팀을고용하여일련 의파란잭전등을다양한눈에잘띄는장소에설치함 으로써도시를아름답게했다. 이론상 로파란잭전 등은밤에도시의상당부분을밝히는노란잭과흰잭 전등보다더매력적이고치분하게만들며정말로그 파란색전등들은진정시키는빛을발히는듯했다. 몇 달이지나서도시의범죄통계학자들이주목할만한 경향을알아차렸는데, 새롭게파란잭으로휩싸인장 소들에서범죄활폼이극적으로감소했다는것이다. GlasguwoJl 서의파란색전등은경찰차위의전등을 흉내내경찰이언제나지켜보고있음을암시히는듯 했다. 그전등은결코범죄를줄이기위해설계되진 않았지만, 그파란잭전등은정확히범죄를예빙하고 있는것처럼보였다. 짧렐댐용이뢰 [ 일뻗 R [.XH 진쉴 첫문E뻐 l 빈칸이있는것으로판단할때, 이문E베주제문에해당하며포괄적이고일반적진술내용이들어가야효빠는것을알수있다. 따라서이빈칸을포함한주저 l문다음문장들의내용을종합해서빈칸을추론해야한다. 도시를아름답게하기위해파란색등을설치했는데, 몇달이지나서범죄활동이매우줄어들었으며, 그이유는파란색전등은경칠차위의전등을흉내내경찰이언제나지려보고있음을암시히는듯했고, 그전등은결코범죄를줄이기위해설계되진않았지만, 그파란색전등은정확히범죄를예농년f고있는것처럼보였다는내용으로볼때, 빈ξ뻐 l는 중요한범죄예방책을우언히발견한것으로보였다가가장적절하다. 또한맨마지막문장은첫문장의재진술임을알수있다. I 렐펄괴턴 밤에운전자들의운전을뻗H히는불빛들을교헬 다 시의새로운정책은범죄율을낮추는데도움이되지않는다는것을일았다--도시를아름답게하기위해설치했던파란색등이우연히범죄율을낮추는결괴를가져왔다. 통계학자들의도움으로범죄예방정책을찾았다- 도시를아름답게하기위해노란색등이아닌, 파란잭등을설치하려고했다--도시를 O[ 름답게하기위해파탬등을도시에설치했다. 부분일치 F 험 I government 정부 appea tov 한것으로보 OJ 다 stumble n 우연히발견하다 remarkable 주목할만 한, 놀라운 prevention 예방 strategy 전략, 책략 official 공무원 beautify 야름답게하다 install 설치하다 n iticeable 눈에잘띄는 locati n 위치 in theory 이론상 a 야 ractive 매력적인 calming 차분하케하는 illuminate 밝히 다, 조명하다 indeed 실로, 참으로 cast 던지다 soothing 진정시키는, 달래는 glow 빛 statistics 통계 striking 주목할 만한 trend 경향 bathe ( 빛, 온기따위로 ) 감싸다 dramatic 극적인 decline 감소 criminal 범죄의 mimic(ked) 흉내내 Cf atop 의꼭대기에 imply 암시 ( 의미 ) 하다 reduce 줄 OJ 다 136 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

131 실전 03 회 6 정답 l c nsider your typical day. y u wake up in the m ming and p ur y urself j띠ce fr m ranges gr 'Wil 피 Florida and c ffee fr mbeansgr m in Brazil. Over breakfast, y uwatch a news program br adcast from New γ rk n your television made injapan. γ u get dressed in cl thesmade of cott n grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand Everγ day, you떼r 꾀 many people, m st of whom y u d n t kn 1W, t provide you with the g ds and services that you e띠 y.such interdependence is p ssible because pe ple tradewith nean ther. Those people pr 1viding y u g ds and serγ'ices are n t acting ut of gener1 sity. N r is some g,vernment agency directing them t satisfy your desires. Instead, people pr vide y u and other c nsumers with the g ds and services they pr duce because they get s me난 ling in return. 활훌률당신의전형적인하루를생꽤보라아침에일어나 Flαida 에서재배된오렌지 로만든주스와브라질에서재배된커피콩으로만든 커피를마신다. 아칩을먹으며당신은일본에서만 든 TV 로뉴욕에서송출되는뉴스프로그램을시청 한다. Ge rgia 에서재배된목화로만틀어지고태국 의공장에서바느질된옷을입는다. 매일당신은당 선이즐기는제품과서비스를제콩해주는많은사람 들에게빔휠핫는데그들증대부분은당신이얄지못 하는사람들이다. 이러한쉴후임졸은시람틀이서로 서로교류하기때문에가능하다. 당신에게제품과서 비스를제공하는사람들은관대함으로행동하는것 이아니다. 또한정부기관이그들에게당신의욕구 를충족시키도록지시하고있는것도아니다. 대신, 사람들은그탈1 보탑 로무언가를얻기때문에당 선과다른소비자들에게그들이생산한제품과서비 스를제공한다 활훌훌댐용이흰 [ 언젊 ] 빈칸다음문잠의장호의존 이문제를해결할수있는단서이다. 마지막문장의 보답으로무언기를얻는다는것 역시연결선S뻐 l 있음을알수있다. 양멀꾀덩 1JI G] 만나다-- 통제하다--상호의존관계에있는사람들을통저 히는것은주제와반대의개념이다. 기다리다-- 대화하다- 무관한내용 ft 휩 I ψpica I 전형적인, 보통의 pou 따르다, 붓다 bean 콩, 원두 br adcast 방송하다, 송출하다 get d essed -in 을입다 c tton 목화 sew-sewed-sewn 바느질하다 fact ry 공장 rely n 의존하다 pn videawith B A 에게 B 를제공하다 trade 교류하다, 교환하다 one an,ther 서로 out of AA 로부터 gener1 sity 관대함 no 도 역시아니다 g 1vernment 정부 agency 기관 direct 지시하다 satisfy 충족 ( 만족 ) 시키다 desire 욕구 instead 대신 consumer 소비자 in return 보답으로

132 r 실전 04 호 1 A study in the J urnal f Experimental s cial P 와 rch 1 g sugge 앉 S away t make neg tiations g srn ther. In 버 is study, when c liege students ψho negotiated the purchase f a m t 띠rcle,ver an online instant messenger believed they were physically distant (more 남ian 15 miles), neg 뎌 ati ns c mpr mise were easier and showed more than when participants belieγed they were cl ser (a f 없 r feet). The experimenters explain that when pe ple ge fa.rt;her ap.wf, they c nsider the fact rs in a m re abstract way, focusing n the main issues rather than ge 떠 ng hung up n less imp πant p ints. s next time y u have tow rk ut a c mplex deal, the researchers say, it may be wor 난 iwhile t begin from a 버 stance. 활훌톨 ]oum 려 f Experim1 없 t 머 s 미려 Psych!om에실련한연구는협상을더원활하게만드는한방법을시사해준다. 이연구에서, 온라인메신저를통해오토바이의구매를협상했던대학생들이자신이물리적으로멍리떨어져있다고먹을때 (15마일넘게 ), 참여자들이더가깨1 있다고믿을때보대몇피퇴협상이더쉬웠고더많은타협을보였다. 연구캠은사람들이펜멀힐럴애져있을땐멀중요한것흘 % 매달리기보다주요새1들에집중하며요인들을좀더추상적 로고려한다고설명한다. 그러므로당신이다음에복잡한거래를성사시켜야할때에는먼거리에서시작하는것이가치가있을수있다고연구자들은말한다. 짧웰댐용이뢰 [ 연결성 ] 물리적으로멀리떨어져있는것이협상을더원활하게만드는요인이라는것이이글의중심내용이다. 주제와관련하며협상을원활하게하는요인이빈ξ을추론히는근거가된다. 멀리떨어져있다고믿을때 더멀리딸어져있을때 -- 먼거리에서시직히는것 의언결성을갖는다. 미주보고만날때--멀리떨어져있는것이협상을원활하게하는요인이다. 비용을마끼고자할때 협상을히는것과비용을아끼고자히는것사이의연관성을이지문에서찾아볼 수없다. 구매를협상할때 협S뻐 관한지문의내용을근거로상식에서오답을찾도록유도하고있다. 제품을교화하려할때-+@ 와같은내용 R 험 I expe imental 실험의 negotiati n 협상 smooth 부드러운 neg 때 te 협상따 P 미 C 벼 se 구입... m t rcycle 오토바이 physically 물리적으로, 신체적으로 apart 떨어진 cαnpn mise 타협, 절충 experimento 연구자, 실험자 factor 요인 abstract 추상적인 main issue 주요사안 get hung up on 에매달리다 work ut 성샤시키다, 해결하다 complex 복잡한 deal 거래 worthv 얘 Ile 가치있는 from a distance 멀리서 \ 138 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

133 실전 04 회 2 l Fr 빠 ; B 없 rntt, an organizati nal behavior expert, explains that disrupting r utines and 1 king at a situati n from an ther s perspective canj<:iad t9: h 핸혀않隨짧 In a lecture, Barre 다 shares the 양 ry f an 려rline that was dealing with man γ corn pl려nts ab ut their α꼬tamer service. The airline s leaders held a w rkshop to f 디JS on h w t create a better experience f r their customers. While eve다7 ne else was in meetings n 난ie first day of the worksh p, the 려I파ie s 찌ce president f marketing had the beds in each leader s h tel ro m replaced vvith airline seats. After ha ring spent that night in 입r파 ie seats, the c mpany s leaders came up with s me radic려 inn 1vati ns. If he had not disrupted their sleeping r utines and allo ed them t experience their customers discomfort, the w rkshop ended with utany n tew rthy changes. may haγe 활룰률조직행동전문가인 Fr 빼 Barre 다은일상을방해하고다른사람의관점으 로상황을바라보는것이째홉하쩍별짧필햄떨 ; 번낼춘 ; 있다고설명한다. 한강연에서, Barrett 은고객서비스에대한많은불만을해결했던항 공샤의이야 :7] 를들려준다. 그항공사의임원틀 은어떻게고객틀에게더나은경험을제공할것 인지논의하려고워크숍을열었다. 첫날, 모든사 람들이회의에참석하는동안, 영업담당부씨장 은임원들의호댈방침대를비행기최적으로교 체했다. 그날밤비행기좌석에서하룻밤을보낸 후, 임원들은 획기적인혁신얀을색각해냈다. 만약그가임원들의일상적수면을방해하지않 고그활1 고객의불면을경험하도록하지않았 다면, 그워크숍은가치있는변화없이끝났을 지도모른다. 활톨률댐용이훤 [ 일핸 ~;A 는 BCH [ 연결성, 재진술 ; 주제문 + 보충설명문 + 재진술 ] 일상을빙해하고다른사람의관점으로상황을바라보는것꺼 ) 이가져올수있는결과 {B) 가빈칸의내용이다. 호델방침대 를비행기죄석으로교체한 일은 일상을방해해서고객의입 장에서생각증써한것 01 고, 01 러한실험은임원들로하여금 획기적인혁신얀을생각해내도록하였다. 따라서빈 't'._foji 는 획기적인혁신인 에해당하는내용인 새로문해결책음이끔어 뭘순및단가가장적절하다. 빈칸 새로운해결책을이팔머낼수있다는 획기적인혁신얀 을샘각해냈다와언결성을기지며, 이는또한주제문의재진 술로설명할수있다. I 훈뭘꾀턴 지도자들의자질을보여준다--우리의상식에서오답을추론하게히는선택지이다. 우리가집중하는것을막는다- 우리의상식에서오답을추론하게하는선택지이다. 몇가지불만을불러일으킨다- 다른사람의입 ε뻐 서생각해보는행위, 즉호델방침대를비행기좌석으로교체후잠자리에든것은불편함을가져와서불만을불러일으킬수있다는식으로오답을유도하고있다. 다른분위기를만든다-- 무관한내용 F톱I rganizational 조직의 disrupt 뱀하q routine 일상 pe떠pective 관점 V때 president 부사장 replace 교체하다 c me up with 녁을생각해내다 radical 획기적인, 급진적인 innovation 혁신안 disc mf1 rt 불편 n tew rthy 주목할만한 lecture E뻗 share 빌F 하qdealwith 낙을다루다 cαnplaint 불평 h Id 개최하다열다 - z ;-

134 실전 04 호 l 3 b_o_ri1:jej_ 버s따c 함ol-i1l~ti검단밍l_lJt_yglJ[ 흐핸11tlτg 피 ~ 빽끄g JQ꾀F 옐닫ikef.. γou want t send the message 난1at what the speaker is saying is important to you. That message R끼 11 ring h 11 w if you answer your cell phone and put the speaker on h lei If your cell ph ne rings while you 따e ina conγersati n,fi 밟 1ttheurge t answer. For reas ns unkn 'wn,mo앞 people feel c mpelled to 없swer a ringing ph ne. The fact that y ur cell ph ne is ringing d esn'tmean y uhaveto 없lSWer it Rarely areph ne c려ls urgent If no message is left, that is clearly the case. And if a message is left, you can listen to it, usually in a matter f minutes, once your c nversation has finished Even in today s tech-savvy w rld answering phone calls during a c nversati n is disrespectful. 활룰률씹뿔뿔 H 등댄것들얀환찬뷔말을면캔분 a] 준판깊겐듬는것을렐햄한켄흰젠 ri} 라. 여램은화자가하고있는말이여러분에게 중요하다는메시지를전달하기원한다. 여러분이휴 대전화를받고화자를기다리게한다면그메시지는 공허하게들릴것이다. 대화중에여러분의휴대전화 가울린다면, 전화를받고싶은충동을물리쳐라. 무 슨영문인지, 대부분사람들은울리는전회를받아야 한다고느낀다. 여러분의휴대전화가울리고있다는 사실이여러분야전화를받아야한다는것을의미하 지는않는다, 긴급한전화는거의없다. 메시지가남 겨져있지않다면그것은분명히그러한경우이다. 그 리고메시지가남겨져있다면일단여러분의대화가 끝나고보통몇분내에그것을들을수있다. 기술사 용이능숙한요즘세상에서도대화중에전화를받는 것은무례한일이다. 활훌률템용이뢰 [ 일뺨쩍 l 문보충설명문 ][A 는 B 대 주제문에속하는첫문장을빈칸으로제시한문제유형 으로써, 이런경우나머지문장내용을종합하여빈 ξ 될 추론해야효 H 각. 상대방과대화할때상대방이중요하다 는머μ 지를전달해 l 우10써는대회를뻗H할요소들을 차단하도록해야하며, 그렇지많은경우에는무례한일 이될수있다는것이글의중심내용이다. 따라서빈 ξ 뻐 는 집중을방해히는것들 (XI 문에서는전화 ) 이화자의말 을여러분이주의갚게듣는것을방해하게두지마라가 7f 잠적절하다 I 파뭘괴텅 ~ φ 당신이남휠ll게전달하고자하는것을정확히표현해랴 상대방과의대회에서해야할마땅한일이지만, 지문내용과는거리가멀다. 중요한사람들을만나기전에휴대전화를꺼라--주제를설명하기위해휴대전화와관련된예를서술했지만, 주제와는거리가멀다. 당신의메시지는상대농뻐 게머려움없이전달될것이다- 당신의대화가끝난후에상대화자메게존경하는태도를보여라 무관한내용 I 얀률켠 l let 目 v 팀이 V 하게하다 distracti n 정신을산란하게만드는것 interrupt 을농 f 해하다, 끼어들다 - attentive 주의갚은, 세심한 ring h!low 공허히울리다, 거짓말같다 put A on hold A 를대기시키다, A 를 기다리게하다 conve sation 대화 urge 충동, 욕구, 열망 unknown 알려지지많은 feel compelled to 어쩔수없이 해야할것같다떠 rely 거의 ( 좀처럼 ) 하지않는 urgent 긴급한, 다급한 be left 남아있다 usually 보통, 대개 in a matter of minutes 몇분요뻐 once 하자마자 tech-savvy 기술사용이능숙한 during 하는동안 disrespectful 무례한 140 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

135 -끼J J; 짧풋 iι 실쩍O I 鐘 꽉 t Pe ple are attracted to individuals and things 암화 섬려遊폈햇 illjy. b 때. In the case wi 야 l 남 lings, pe ple are m re attracted to a desired bject because it is ut f their reach. 끼 ixlhen the bject fdesire is finally gained, the atσa 다 ionf1 r the bject rapidly decreases. Christmas presents pr vide a g d example f this phenomenon. T ys children wanted all year l ng are thr wn away several days after they are taken fo m gift b xes under the tree. The phenomen n als h l며 σue f r human interacti n, partic버때 in the early stages f a d밍 rel ping relati nship. The c mm n dating rule has scientific merit. An individual should n t always make himself r herself readily available t the pers n they are targeψ1g f r a 1 nger-term rela다 nship. Aceπ외n l댄 el f unavailability 떼n m하ce y u m re f amy<πery and a challenge. 활톨률 λ 댐들은 2 낸콸 ] 縣웰을순없플사람이나사물에이팔린다. 사물의경우, 사 람들은원하는물건이그들의손에닿치않기때문에 그것에더이꿀린다. 원하는물건이마침내얻어지면, 그물건에대한매력은빠르게감소한다. 크리스마스 선물이이러한현상의좋은예를제공한다. 아이들이 일년내내원했던장난감은트리 } 래선물성 :A} 에서 꺼내진후며칠뒤에버려진다. 그현상은시람들의 성호작용, 특히관계가형성되는초기단계에도유효 하다. 일반적인데이트규칙에는과학적가치가있다. 사람은장기적인관계를목표로능 } 고있는사림헤게 자기자신을항상쉽게만날수있게해서는안된다. 일정정도의맡날순월율이여러분을더욱신비롭고도전적인존재로만들어줄것이다 짧렐댐용이뢰 i 댄결성 ] 원문제에서는구체화에해 iaor 는문제유형이었다. 구체 화란주제를보충설명히는구체적사례기운데한부분 을빈칸 ( 만날수없음 =unavailabilfy) 으로출저 l 하는것이 다. 위문제는주제문을빈칸므로저씨한유형으로써, 사 람이나사물이 쉽게얻을수없는 경우에끌린다는것이이글의주제이다. 쉽게얻을수없음 (cannot readily obtain) 은 손에닿지않은 ( ut of thei reach), 만날수 없음 unavailabiliψ) 와언결성을갖는다. 파멸띄면톨 a D 귀중하다고생ζ년 f는--귀중하다고며기는것에끌리는것은상식에해당히는일이다. 원했던물건 두번째문장의 a desired object 로오답을유도하고있다. 쉽게얻을수있는--쉽게얻을수없는물건이나사람에꿀린다하였다. 없이는살수없는 일반적상식으로오답을유도하고있다. 없는것은쉽게얻을수없는것이기때문에지문과부분적으로일치효빠. 부분일치 R 톨 l attract 꿀다, 유혹 'O"fq individual 7H 인, 사람 readily 쉽게, 기꺼 OI obtain 얻다, 획득하다 in the case with - 의경우에는 desired 바랐던, 희망했던 bject 물건, 물체 out of reach 손이닿지않는곳에 finally 마침 내 gain 얻다, 펀 f 거 l 되다 attraction 끌림, 매력 I 검 pidly 빠르게 decrease 감소하다, 줄어들다 present 선물, 현재, 출 석한 example 예, 여 시 phenomenon 현상 all yea l ng 일년내내 throwaway 버리다 hold true 유효하 q, 들어맞 다 interacti n 상호작용 particularly 특히 early 초기의, 일찍 develop 발전시키다 relati nship 관계 c mm n 일반적 인, 흔한 dating 데이트 scientific 과학적인 me it 가치, 장점, 01점 should not V V해써는안된다 available ( 만냄ii) 응할수있는 targetf F 을목표로삼다 longer-term 장기의, 장기적인 ceπain 특정한 unavailability 이용불기능, 만 날수없음 mystery 신비로운사람 challenge 도전, 난제

136 r 실전 04 호 l 5 정답 I Pe ple are attracted t individu려s and 난lings they cann t readily obt려n. In the case with d파1gs, pe ple are m re atσacted t a desired bject because it is QlJtQt theirτeach. When the bject fdesire is finally gained, the attracti nfor the bject rapidly decreases. Christmas presents pr vide a g d example f this phenomen n. T 1ys children wanted all year l ng are 버r wn away several days after th택r are taken fr m gift b xes under the tree. The phenomen n also h Ids σue f r human interacti n, p앙d.tlarly in 남1e early stages f a devel ping relati nship. π1e c mm n da마1g rule has scientific merit An individual sh uld n t always make hinlself r herself readily available t 버e pers n th망 are targe따 1g f r a l nger-term relati nship. Aceπ려n level f unavailability w퍼 m삶ce y u m re f a mystery and a challenge. 활훨사림들은자신흥 ] 쉽게얻을수없는사람이나사물에이꿀린다. 사물의경우, 사 람들은원히는물건이그들의손에닿깐 ] 않컨때문에 그것에더이꿀린다. 원하는물건이마침내얻어지면, 그물건에대한매력은빼르게감소한다. 크리스마스 선물이이러한현상의좋은예를제공한다. } 이들 1 일년내내원했던장난캄은트리아래선물상자에서 꺼내진후며칠뒤에버려진다. 그현상은사람들의 상호작용, 특히관계가형성되는초기단계에도유효 하다, 일반적인데이트규칙에는과학적가치가있다. 사람은장기적인관계를목표로하고있는사뺨 il 게 자기자신을항상쉽게만날수있게해서는안된다. 일정정도의만날수없음이여러분을더욱신비롭고 도전적인존재로만들어줄것이다. 활훌 2 기번참조 I 파뭘꾀던 ~ G) Dij 우매력적인 --- 상식에서오답을유도하고있다. < 항상이용가능한 사람들은자신들이쉽게얻을수 없는사람이나사물에꿀린다. 그들의손요뻐 l 있는--사람들은자신들이쉽게얻을 수없는사람이나사물메꿀린다. 선물로써값어치있는 무관한내용 딛룰톨 a 때 ct 팔다, 유혹등따빼 dual 개인사람 readily 쉽게, 기꺼이 b 떠 in 멀다획득하다 in the case with 의경우에는 desired 바랐던, 흐 I~ 했던 비 ect 물건, 물체 out f reach 손이닿지않는곳에 finally 마침 내 gain 얻다 하게되다 a 선 racti n 꿀림, 매력 rapidly 빠르게 decrease 감소하다, 줄어들다 present 선물, 현재, 출 석한 example 예, 예시 phenomenon 현상 all yea long 일년내내 throwaway 버리다 hold true 유효하다들어맞 다 inte 떠 ction 상호작용 particularly 특히 early 초기의, 일찍 develop 발전시키다 relationship 관계 c mm n 일반적인, 흔한 dating 데이트 scientific 과학적인 merit 가치, 장점, 이점 should n tvv 해서는안된다 available ( 만남에 ) 응할수있는 targetf1 을목표로삼다 longer-term 장기의, 장기적인 ceπain 특정한 unavailability 이용불가능, 만 날수없음 mystery 신비로운사람 challenge 도전, 난제 \ 142 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

137 Questions c nvey interest, but s metimes the interest they conv 택 7 is not cl sely related t what the person is σying t say. Sometimes the distracti n is bvious. If you re telling a friend all the unpleasant things you experienced n γour vacati n, and she interrupts wi 난 1 a lot of ques 뎌 ns ab ut where y u stayed, y u w n t feel listened t. At other times pe ple seem t be f llowing but can t help 때 ng t lead. These listeners force their own narrative stn 디다 ures on our e 때 erience. Their que 얀 i ns 잃 sumethat ur st1 ries should fit their scripts : Pr blemssh 띠 d be denied rmadeto g away ; Everyone sh uld be together ; B버 lies must be confronted. By finishing ur sentences, pumping us with ~ue앉i ns, and otherwise 뼈빠gU/jJ따 a돼빽 ~ i껴 ini좌 'tg파 휠, c ntr lling listeners vi late urri 빼 t 띠 tell our own st1 ries. 짧렘질문은관심을전함지만때때로그것 될질뭔 1 전달하는그관심은그사람 1 말하려고하는것과는별로관계가없다. 때때로주의 가분산되는것이분명하다. 만약여러분이휴가중에 경험했던모든불쾌한것들을친구에게말하고있는 데그녀가여러분이어디에머물렀는지에대해많은 질문을하면서방해한다면여러분은 ( 그녀개경청하 고있다고느끼지않을것이다. 어떤때에는사람들 이잘듣고있는것처럼보이지만 ( 대화를 ) 주도하려 고하지않고는못배긴다. 이런청자들은우리의경 험에자기자신들의이야기구조를강요한다. 그들의 질문은우리의이야기가그들의대본에들어맞아야 한다고가정한다 문제들은부정되거나사라지게해 야해 ζ 모든사람은함께있어야해긴 사렴들을못 살께구는사람콸 1 거 l 는맞서야해. 우리의문장을 끝내고, 우리에게질문을퍼붓고, 그렇지않으면 j 패들댄릎후찮흩겼틀훌활훤헬펀할 } 땐純鐵필합설 l 로써 j 통제하려는청자들은우리자신의이야기를할 우리의권리를침해한다. 짧렐엠용이뢰 [ 연결성 ] 첫문장, 그러니Kbut) 다음을통해작가는자신이하고 자하는이야기를전달하고있다. 세번째문장만으아 If) 이하의문징은 for example 을대신하는며 시로서, 주제 문을보충설명효빠. 대화를주도하려하는청자들은 우리의경험에자기자신들의이야기구조를강요하며, 우리의이야기가그들의대본에들어맞아야효E, 그리 고 그들이듣고싶은것들을말하도록우리에게강요하 는 특성들과언결성을갖는다 따라서빈 {_f(}jj 이가 장적절하다. I 파뭘꾀덩 ttl D 우리가그들의질문에답하도록강요효빠 그들의질문메답하도록강요하는것이아니라그들이듣고싶은것들을말하도록강요효빠. 우리가새로운해결책을내놓게효κr~ 해결책을내놀게하는내용은언급되지않았다. 다른사람들이우리의이야기를방해하게한다 질문을함g 로써우리의이야기를방해하는사람들은대화상대방이지다른사람들이아니다, 이야기하는사람들 01 자싣들메관해말하도록독러한다 이야기히는사람들학즉, 이야기하는우리들 ) 이우리들자신에관해서가아니라, 질문을히는사람들에대해이야기하려한다. 반대개념 l안훤i questi n 질문 convey 전달하다 interest 관심, 흥口 sometimes 때때로 closely 밀접히 be related t ---- 와연관되머있다 try t vv하려고노력하다, 시도하다 dist action 주의분산 obvious 명백한, 분명한 unpleasant 불쾌한 experience 경험, 경험하다 vacation 방학, 휴가 interrupt 농때하다 atothe times 또어떤경우에는 seem t vv하는것처럼보이다 f Jlow 따라가다 을이해하다 can't help V-ing V하지많을수없다 lead 이끌다, 주도하다 listene 청자 f rce 강요하다 narrative O I야기, 이야기의 structure 구조 assume 기정하다, 추측하다 fit 들어맞다 script 대본 deny 부정하다, 부인하다 go away 사라.x1q, 가버리다 bully 불량배, 괴롭히는사람 c nfront 맞서다, 대호IBr다 pump( 끊임없이 ) 퍼붓다 therwise 그렇지않으면 pushatova머 l게 V할것을강요하다 controlling 통저 하는 vi미ate 침해하다 right 권리 at nee 즉시, 동시에 143

138 실전 05 회.1 Questions c nvey interest, but s metirnes the interest they c nvey is n t closely related t what the person is σying to say. Sometimes the di 와 :racti n is bvi us. If y u re te 빠 1g a friend all the unpleasant things you experienced n y ur γaca 뎌 n, and she interrupts with a 1 t f questions ab ut where y u stayed, y u w n t feel listened t. At ther times pe pie seem t be following but can t help trying t lead. These listeners force their wn narrative sσuctl 끄 es on ur expe 더 ence. π1eir questions 잃 sume that ur stories sh uld fit their scripts : Problems sh uld be denied r made to g away"; 'Every ne should be together치 B버 lies must be c n 좌 onted. Bγ& 꾀 shing our sentences, pumping us with questi ns, and otherwise 뀔필뀔웰 - 철표웰려싫할 a~ 험굶 ~ 펴 ;'Qt 뀔샅 im 웰끝꿇딜, controlling listeners vi 때 te our right t tell our own stories. 활룰률질문은관심을전햄지만때때로그것들 ( 질뭔이전달히는그관심은그사람이 말하려고하는것과는별로관계가없다때때로주의 가분산되는것이분명하다. 만약여러분이휴가중에 경험했던모든불쾌한것들을친구에게말하고있는 데그녀가여러분이어디에머물렀는지에대해많은 질문을하면서뱀한다면여러분은 ( 그녀개경청하 고있다고느끼지않을것이다. 어떤때에는사람를 이잘듣고있는것처럼보이지만 ( 대화를 ) 주도하려 고하지않고는못배긴다. 이런청자들은울린와경 험에자기자신틀의이야기구조를깎요한다. 그틀의 질문은우리의이야기가그들의대본에들어맞아야 한단고가정한다. 문제들은부정되거나시라지게해 야해., 모든샤람은함께있어야해끼 샤람들을못 살게구는사렴들에게는맞서야해. 우리의문점을 끝내고, 우리에게질문을퍼붓고, 그렇지않으면파? 탈 I 활싫릎 찮뚫훨 f 보홈 - 푸린혜게펠활활되품챔 ;j 통제하려는청자들윤우리자신의이야기를할 우리의권리를침해한다. 활톨률댐용이뢰 [ 연결셈 첫문장, 그러내bu상다음을통해작가는자신이하고자하는이야기를전달하고있다. 세번째문장만댄If) 이하의문장은 for example을대신하는예시로서, 주제문을보충설명효H 각. 대화를주도하려히는청자들은 우리의경험에자기자신들의이야기구조를강요하며, 우리의이야기가그들의대본에들어맞아야한다, 그리고 그들이듣고싶은것들을말하도록우리에게강요하는 특성들과연결성을갖는다. 따라서빈Z뻐 이가장적절하다. I파펄쿄덩 다음사램ii게마지못해말할채11를양보효빠 < 대화를 01끄는데익숙하다 대회를이끄는가에대한내용은알수없다. 질문으로당신의이야기를빌f 해하려매쓴다. 그들이하는질문이당신의이야기를료 해하는것은사실이지만, 일부러애를쓰는지는분명하지않다. 다른사람들의문짐을의도적으로묻내려효빠-* 의도적으로다른사람의문장 ( 다른사람이하는말털끝내려하는지는지문으로알수있는내용이아니다. < 무관한내용 딛톱 g question 질문 convey 전들띈 f 다 interest 관심, 흥미 sometimes 때때로 closely 밀접히 be related to 와연관되머있다 trytovv 하려고노력하마, 시도하다 distr 검 cti n 주의분산 obvious 명백한, 분명한 unpleasant 불쾌한 experience 경험, 경험하다 vacation 농펙, 휴가 interrupt 농펙하다 atothe times 또어떤경우 어 는 seemtovv 하는것처럼보이다 follow 따라가다, 을이해하다 can't help V-ing V 하지않을수없다 lead OJ 팔 다, 주도하다 listener 청자 force 강요하다 narrative 이야기, 이야기의 structure 구조 assume 가정하다, 추측하다 fit 들어맞다 SC ipt 대본 deny 부정하다, 부인하다 go away사라지다, 가버리다 bully 불량배, 괴롭히는사람 confn nt 맞 서다, 대효봐 qpump ( 끊임없이 ) 퍼붓다 otherwise 그렇지많으면 pushatov fl; 어 게 V 할것을강요하다 controlling 통저! 하는 violate 침해하다 right 권리 at nee 즉시, 동시에 ' 144 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 ;

139 실전 05 호 l 2 l When γou l k at a map, y u may c ncludeas c mmercial 삶파ie navigators nee did -that the best way to get fr m Amsterdam t T ky is t head in an easterly 며recti n al ngwhat is known as the Mediterranean route. But l k at a 밍 be instead f a map, and y ur perspec다ve may change. Rather than heading e잃t n the Mediteπanean route, c mmercial planes going fr m Amsterdam to Toky n w fly n rth! That s right. They take what is kn 1wn as the p lar route, flying verthe N rth p le t Alaska, and then west t T ky - f r a savings f r u맹 ly 1,500 miles! What is the lesson here? Aftery1 u ve decided on a g al, w rk hard t ace mplish it, but keep l king f r ways f achieving the g al m re efficien삼 y, perhaps from a different 맺밸. This approach is s metimes k 때 as re fr 밍 ning. 밟렘 민간항공사조종사들이과거에그랬듯이지도를보면여러분은암스테르댐O서도 쿄로가는가장좋은방법은지중해노선이라고알려진것을따라서동쪽방향으로가는것이라고결론내릴지도모른다. 하지만 지도대신지구본을보면, 여러분의관점이바뀔지도모른다. 지중해노선상폼쪽 로가기보다는암스테르담에서도표로 7} 는민항기는이제북쪽으로비행한다! 그것이맞다. 대략 1,500마일을절약하기위해, 그들은 북극힘꽁로 라고얄려진것을택해, 북극을넘어알래스카로비행하고그러고나서서쪽을향해도표로비행한다! 여기에서교훈이무엇인가? 여러분이목표를정한뒤그것을달성하기위해열심히노력하되, 아마도다른관접에서그목표를더효율적으로달성하기위한방법을계속찾아라. 이접근방식은때때로 재구성 이라고알려져있다. 활훌률 [ 적용이론 ] [ 연결성 ] I 파환꾀덩 1JI 묘깐쓰터l르담에서도쿄로기는데메는지도를보고가는방법과지구본을보는두가지방법이있는데, 후지를통해도쿄를가는경우대략 1,500 마일을절약할수있다는것이이글의중심내용01다따라서빈ξ뻐 l는우리가목표를설정한후더효율적으로달성하기위해서는 다른관점어 different angle) 에서바라볼필요가있다는내용을추론할수있다. globe) 과 different angle) 01 언결성을갖는다. G 쉬운길-- 지문에지주등장하는 길 (route) 이라는단머로오답을유도하고있다. 이처럼지문에지주등장히는단어가선택지메저μ 되어오답을유도히는경우가많으므로, 주의를기울여야효κt 북쪽료항----지문의 north 라는단어로오답을유도하고있다. 다른사람들의관점 -- 다른관점 (a diffe Bnt angle) 은나의관점도포함한다. 더짧은거리 --- 무관한내용 딛톱를 conclude 결론내리다 cαnmercial 민간의, {,'-< 겁적인 airline navigato 항공사조종 'J..ronce 한때 head 행f다 ea하erly 동쪽으로움직이는 directi n 빙방 along 을따라 what is known as 이른바소위 로알려진것 Mediterranean 지중해의 route 노선 globe 지구본 instead of 대신에 perspective 관점, 시각 rather than 라기보다 commercial plane 민간비행기, 민항기 p la 극지방의 N rth pole 북극 west 서쪽으로 savings 절약, 검약 r ughly 대략 lesson 교훈 decide on 로정하다 g al 목표 accomplish 성취하다, 01 루다 keepv-ing 계 속해서 V 하다 lo kfo 찾다 achieve 달성하다성취하다 efficiently 효율적으로 angle 각도, 관점 approach 접근법, 접근하다 reframing 재구성 매따 B,l 조은 A 밤좋블핸설뭔딸.

140 실전 05 회 3 \\!hy d es garbage exist in the human system but n t more broadly in nature? Nature is a beautiful harmony of systems whereby eve디r system s utput is a useful input f r ther systems. An ac m that f려 ls fr m a σee is an important input f r a squirrel that eats it. The by-product f that delici us meal- the squirrel s p p - is an imp rtant input f r the microbes 산lat c nsume it. The utput f themicr bes - rich humus and s il - is in tum the very material fr m which a new oak tree may grow. Even the carb n 버 xi de that the squirrel breathes out is what that tree may breathe in. This cycle is the fundamental reason whγ life has thrived n ur planet f r millions of years. It s like the Ourobor1 s - 산ie ancient symb l depicting a snake r drag n eating its wn tail: in a way, patll[e σuly js ~ c;qn~ 및. cy 섭르 ;fr I 껴 1 끄생 ng_ij;seif 짧렘왜쓰레기가인간체계에는존재하지만 자연에는더널리존재하지않는가? 좌멸은모든체계의산출물이다른체계에유용한투입물이되는체계의아름다운조화이다. 나무에서떨어지는도토리는그것을먹는다람쥐에게중요한투입물이다. 그맛있는식사의부산물인다람쥐배설물은그것을섭취히는미생물에게중요한투입물이다. 미생물의산출물인비옥한부엽토와토양은결국그로부터새로운오크나무가지랄수있는바로그물질이다. 심지어다람쥐가내쉬는이산회탄소는그나무가들이쉴수도있는것이다. 이러한순환은생명이수백만년폼안우리지구에서번창해왔던근본적인이유이다. 그것은자신의꼬리를먹는뱀또는용을그린고대상징물인 Ouroboros와같다. 어떤면에서짜연은진청그청자진을소버헨는끊염없는순환I 다 ; 활훌필댐용 01 뢰 [J:H 진술 ; 주제뭔보충설명 R 뀔틸굉 i 문 + 재진술 ] [ 연결성 ] -- 두번째문장이주제문이고, 다음문징들은보충설명문 이다. 마지막문징은주제문의재진술이라할수있으며, 이곳에빈칸이있는문제유형이다. 재진술부분이빈 ξ 떼므로, 주제문과관련지어빈칸을추론할수있으므 로, 자언은진정그것자신을소비하는순환이다까가 장적절하다. 자연은모든체계의산출물이다른처 l 계에유용한투입 물이되는체계의마름다운조화이다 -- 자신의꼬리를 먹는뱀또는용 자연은진정그것자신을소비하는 끊임없는순환이다 의언결성을갖는다. D 자연은인간의체계와다르다 -- 인간체계와달리자 언에는존재하지않는다는내용을통해자연은인간의 체계와다르다고추론할수있다 자언의순환은투입물이지만 t 탤물이아니다 - 자언 은모든체계의산출물이다른체계에유용한투입물이 되는체계의 O[ 름다운조화이다 에서알수있는자연의 순환은투입이자산출물이라할수있다. 자연에는항상상상의동물이있다 자언의부산물은인 ζ 뻐 l 게자원을제공해준다 자 언의부싣물은또다른자연에게영양분을공급해준 다. 부분일치 l얀훤l gar벼 ge 쓰레기 exist 존재하다 broadly 빌리 harmony 조화, 하모니 whereby 그리고그것으로인해 - outp따산출물, 생산 useful 유용한 input 투입물, 입력 acorn 도토리 fall 떨어지다 squiπhj 다람쥐 bypn duct 부산물 delicious 맛있는 meal 식사 poop 배설물 microbe 미샘물 c nsume 섭취하다, 소비하다 North p 미 e 북극 west 서쪽으로 savings 절약, 검약 roughly 대략 lesson 교흔 decide on 로정하다 goal 목표 accomplish 성취 하다, OJ 루다 keepv-ing 겨 속 ah 서 V 하다 Jc kf1 찾다 achieve 달성하다, 성취하다 efficiently 효율적으로 angle 각도, 관점 approach 접근법, 접근 -Ofer rich 비옥한 humus 부엽토 soil 토양 in turn 결국, 결과적으로 ve 깨바로 material 물 질 oak tree 오크나무 even 심지어 carbon dioxide 이산화탄소 breathe out 내쉬다 breathe in 들이쉬다, 들이마시다 cy1 미 e 순환 fundamental 근본적인 re as n OJ 유 thrive 번 ξ 꺼 ;f 다, 성 ~ 하다 millions f 수백만의 like 와같은 ancient 고대의 symbol 상징 depict 묘사하다, 그리다 own 자신의 tail 꼬리 in away 어떤언에서 truly 진정 c nstant 끊임없는 146 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈킨추론입문

141 y ur pers nality and sense f responsibility affe 다 n t 띠 y y ur relationships 떼 th thers, y ur job, and γ ur h bbies, but also iyr1 캘 생떠밟검장 ~I; 흉굶그굶 d; 쐐딜 s me pe ple 앙 e very self-driven. They are m re 파 ely to be lifel ng learners. Many tend t be independent learners and d n t req 버 re structured classes with instruct rs t guide them Other individuals are peer- riented and ften foll w the lead f an ther in unfamiliar situati ns. They are m re likeψ to benefit fr m the assi 않와 ice f a formal teaching envir nment They may be less likely t pursue learning throu 밟 1 utlifewith ut 버 rect access to f rmalle 와피 ng scenari s or the influence f a friend or spouse. 활흩톨여러분의성향과책임감은다른사람과여러분의관계, 직업, 그리고취미는물론 환뚫렴과퍼웹에도영향을준다. 어떤사람들은매 우자기주도적이다. 그들은평생희습자가될가능성 이더크다. 많은사람들은독립적인학습자인경향 이있고자신을가르칠선생님이있는구조화된수업 을필요로하지않는다. 다른사람들은동료지향적 이며익숙하지않은상햄 l 서지주다른사람의지도 를따른다. 그들은형식적인교육환경의도움 로부 터혜택을받을기능성이더크다. 그들은형식적인 학습계획을직접접하지않거나친구혹은배우자의 영향이없으면평생에걸쳐학습을추구할가능성이 더낮을수도있다 활톨률댐용이흰 [A 는 B 다 ; 쳐 l 윈보충설 명문 ][ 대립샘 짜여러분의성향과책임감는다른사람과여러분의관 계, 직업, 그리고취미는물론 (B) 학슴능력과방식에도 영향을준다 에서 (B) 를빈 E 딴로제시한문제유형이다. Not nly a but also b 구문을이용하여강조하고자하는 배 B) 를빈칸으로출제한문제유형임을알수있다. 예시 부분에서자기주도적인사람들과동료지향적인사람들 의혁씁능력과방식을비교하고있다. I 과멀괴텅 7JI D 며러분삶에대한태도 미래떼어떤사람이될것인지-- 익숙 ~I 많은상행 서의학습--지문의 익숙치않은상황unfamiliar situati ns 이라는어휘로오답을뮤도하고있다, 흑탑환경에서의익숙함- 무관한내용 대랍쌍 대립쌍 1: 자기주도적학습자 대립암앙동료지향적학습자 l얀톱i persona Ii야성향, 성격 sense of responsibility 책임감 affect 영향을주다 not only A but als B A뿐만 - 아니라 B도 relationship 관계 h bby 취미 learning ability 학습능력 self-driven 자기주도적인 be more likely ti 할가능성이더높다 lifelong 평생의 tend to VV하는경효때있다 independent 독립적인 require 필요로 하다, 요구하다 st uctured 구조화된 instruct1 r 깅 ; 사, 지도자, 교사 guide 지도하다, 인도하다 peer-oriented 동료지 향적인 ften 지주, 종종 follow 따르다, 뒤따르다 lead 지도, 안내 unfamiliar 익숙하지않은 situation~ 발 benefit 혀 l 택을받다 assistance 도움, 지원 formal 형식적인 envir1 nment 환경 be less likely to 할가능성이더적다 pursue 추구하다, 추진하다 through ut 내내 without 없이 direct 직접적인 access 접근, 이용 scenario 계획, 시나리오 influence 영향 spouse 배우자

142 실전 05 호 l 5 When Harry Potter and the Deathly H 머 l WS, 난 ie seven 난 1 and final v lurne of]. K. Row 파 lg s 옮n얹와r series about the adventures f a b y wizard, was re eased in the United States in 2007, it sold 8.3 m피i n c pies in its first 24 hours on sale. Was the last Harrγ Potter book 난iat g d? Perhaps it and the earlier six volumes were genuinely b퍼liant - despite the fact that eight publishers declined to publish the first volume. Butalth ugh success is at least p따버rdetem파ied by intrinsic quality, it is 려so possi비e that what people come to 바e depends very much nwhat they believe thers like. In such a world, the explana뎌 n for why a P와더αliar b k becomes a hit may be as simple as this publisher's: h s디 l~ ~e1표 b학웰e꾀할 91야 ~@1얘d 디fili:tlt. Because s cial inf rma디 n is now being shared much m re widely across virtual and actual b rders than in 난ie past, cultural artifacts such as b ks and m ivies can n w snowball in pop버 arity in ways they c uld n t a centurγ ag, turning c버tural c mmerce int a collection of difficultto-predict, winner-take-all markets. Tiny differences in performance or product qu때 ty σanslate into γast differences in pay, ff. 활톨률댐용이뢰 [ 연결성 ] 지문도입부는해리포터시리즈의인기메대 해설명하고있다. 다섯번째줄 But 다음의문장구조는 양보의접속사 although 로시작되고있는데, 주절에무 게중심이있음을알수있다. 성공이란다른사람들이 졸아혼떼고자신틀이믿논것에매우맏이결정되는일도 Z 벌흐담 라는주저 문은다음문장의빈칸과연결선생 ii 있다. 빈칸문장은한출판업자의말을빌려쓰는형식을 취하고있는데, 유명인이나, 그메상응하는사람의말을 인용한부분을빈칸으로출제한문제유형으로서, 앞문 장주쩌 문과의연결성에서빈 ξ 을추론해볼때 뿔을신 람들이샀기때문에그것이잘팔렸다가가장적절하다. 활흩률소년마법사의모험에관한 J K.Row 뼈 g 의판타지시리즈중일곱번째이자마지 막권인 해리포티와죽음의성물 이 2CD7 년미국에 출간되었을때, 그것은판매가시작되고첫 24 시간 안에 8 백 30 만부까팔렸다, 마지막해리포터책이그 렇게좋았는-7}? 여닮명의출판업자가그첫번째책 을출판하기를꺼절했다는사실에도불구하고, 아마 그책과이전여섯권이정말뛰어났을지도모른다. < 그러나 성공이적어도자체의질에의해부분적으로 결정되지만, 사람들이좋아하게되는것은단를좌랍 들이좋아한다고자신들이믿는컷에매우많이겸캡 되는일도가능하다. 이런세상에서왜특정한책이 성공작이되는지에대한설명은이출판업자의말처 럼간단향l도모른다. 멜은사립들 l짧l 팬탠날것이찰팔렸단. 스댐죄결복가 1제과거보다가 상그리고실제경계를넘어서훨씬더폭넓게공유되 고있기때문에, 책과영화같은문화적가공물은이 제한세기전에는그럴수없었던방식으로인기가 눈덩이처럼불어날수있고, 문화상업을예측하기 어려운승자독식시장틀의집합체로변모시킨다. 흥 행성이나상품의질에서작은차이는수익에서엄청 난치아로바뀐다. I 렐필괴덩톨 그책의질이모든것을설명한다 -- 성공이적머도부 분적으로자체의질 intrinsic quality 에달러있지만, 모 든것을설명하지는않는다. 시장은그머느때보다발전하고있다 정보공유는그질문에답할수없다 저 l 품의성공은 정보공유 가일부담당효 κf 고할수있다. 저작권법이과거와는달리작기들을보호한다 -- 저작 권법과관련해서는언급된바가없다. 무관한내용 I:! 톱 I v lume ( 전집등의 ) 한권, 책 release 발표하다, 출간핸 f earlier 이전메, 앞서는 genuinely 정말로 - publisher 출끈 f 업자 publish 출핀하다 at least 적어도 partly 부분적으로 intrinsic 본질적인, 고유한 come to like 좋마하게되다 explanation 설명 particular 특정한 widely 널리 virtual 가상의 actual 실제의 borde 경계, 국경 aπi 섬 ct 가공물 p pularity 인기, 인지도 turn A into B A 를 B 로바꾸다 cultural commerce 문화적쇼법 difficult-ti predict 예측하기어려운 winne -take-all 승자독식의 tiny 이주작은, 조그마한 performance 흥행성, 성과 translate into 으로바뀌다, 전환하다 vast 엄청난 pay1 ff 수익, 이득 debate 논쟁 essential 필수적인 novelist 소설가 p litical view 정치적견해 genetic 유전의 simila 끼 ty 유시성 moral philosophy 윤리학, 도덕학 148 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

143 淑시-활 머뼈 실전 05 회 6 정답. l When human beings t 하 ce in excess energy in 난 1e formoffi d at a given meal r snack, the e 았 ra calories tend t reduce hunger at the next meal r snack. But 난 lis mechanism d esn t seem t be fully functi nal when excess cal ries are c nsumed tiiil 밸 IP 'C>fJicitiid. 표, for example, y u begin talcing in an exσa 200 calories a day by eating a sandwich, you 11 tend t reduce y ur caloric intake by the S 없 ne amount at the next meal r,verthe c urse f the day. On the other hand, if y u take in 없 exσa 200 calories by dr 피굉 ng a s ft drink, your b dy w n t activate the S없ne mechanism, and y u pr bably w n t end up reducing y ur daily caloric int하 ce at all. In the long run, y u 11 end up g려ningweight 활룰톨인간이정해진식사나간식시챔 l 음식의형태로에너지를초과해섭취하면, 추 가된열량은다음식사나간식시간에배고픔을줄여 주는경향이있다. 그러나이러한작동방직은칼로 리가 j 액체의혐탠록초과섭취되면제기능을충분히 발휘하지않는것처럼보인다. 예를들어샌드위치를 먹음으로써하루에 200 칼로리를추가로섭취하기 시작하면, 다음식사시간이나일과중에그와똑같 은양만큼칼로리섭취를줄이는경향 1 있다. 반면 에청량음료를마심으로써 200 칼로리를추가로섭 취하면, 신체가그와똑같은방식드로작동하지않게 될것이며이마일일칼로리섭취를전혀줄이지못하 게될것이다. 결국체중이늘게될것이다. 활톨률댐용이흰 [ 대립쐐 음식의형태로칼로리를초과섭취한경우에는다음식사나간식에서초과한만큼칼로리섭취를줄여주지만, 액체의형태로초과섭취할때에는그런효과가없어서결국처l중이늘게될것이라는것이글의중심내용이다. 빈칸주제문징과보충설명문의구조이다. 대립쌍 음식의형태 ( 대립쌍1)vs. 액체의형태 ( 대립쌍1( 음식의형태로갈로리섭취 ); 추가섭취한만큼다음식사나간식에서칼로리섭취줄인다대립썽2C액체의형태로칼로리섭취 ); 칼로리섭취줄이지못한다. 그러므로체중이는다. I 파펄되던톨 ~ φ 지주-- 배고푼상태에서 --초과된열량이다음식사나간식에서배고픔을줄여주게히는원인으로서, 음식의형태로제공되는지또는맴젠잎휠택록제공되는지를묻고있다. 배고푼쇼빽메서 는지문을근거로추론할수없다. 식사와간식사이에서--지문의 at the next meal snack, 체중감량시도로서 무관한내용 딛톱해 take in 섭취하다 excess 초괴된, 여분의 reduce 줄이다 consume 섭취하다 liquid 액체 activate 작동시 키다, 활성화하 q in the long run 결국 gain weight 체중이늘다

144 실전 06 호 l 1 많 n d ns u 잉 ially get a bad reputa 디 on. Theγ are often seen as s mething t be regulated r managed. Pe pie even think em ti ns are ham 버괴 if 난 1ey get out f c ntr I. H,wever, 빼 - em9 띠 ~~fig; 쁘효 p_q!d.t Theγ played an imp rtant p 망 t in our ev, lu 다 nary hist lγ and helped us survive. For example, by seeing disgust n s me ne s face when presented with m ldy food we were able t avoid eating s me 삼 ling danger us. By c mnmnicating happiness, we were able t develi p beneficial s cial interacti ns. Even anger was an important em ti n t ur ancest rs, m tivating us t seek 짧렘감정은보통명팬 ] 나쁘다감정은종종조절되거나관리되어야할것 로여겨 진다. 심지어사람들은감정이통제되지않 면해롭 다고생각한다. 하지만모든감정윤냐홀의맏며자았만. 감정은우리의진화역사에서중요한역할을했으 며우리가생존하는데도움을주었다, 예를들면곰 팡이가낀음식을제공받은사람의얼굴에드러난혐 오감을봄으로써우리는위험한것을먹지않고피할 수가있었다. 우리는행복감을전달함으로써유익한 사회적상호작용을발전시킬수있었다. 심지어분노 도우리의강뚫어 1 게중요한감정이었는데, 배고플 때음식을찾고포식자를물리치고부족한자원을위 해경챙하도록자극했다. f d when we were hungrγ,t fight off predat1 rs and t c mpete f r scarce resources. 활훌률템용 01 뢰 [ 일뺨 ; 통념 + 반빅 ] 통념과반박므로이루어진문단구조로서, 반박의위치에 빈 ξ 떼있는문제뮤형이다. 빈칸의위치가주제문 01 고, For example 다음이주제문을보충설명해주는구조이 다. 도입부에서 l 감정은나쁜평판을갖고있으며, 규제하 거나관리해야하는것으로간주되며, 그렇지않으먼해 를끼칠수있다 하였으므로, 이에대한반박의견인 모 든감정은나름의의미가있다를빈Z뻐 l 들어갈말로추 론할수있다. I 파월꾀던 우리는감정을통제해야효빠-- 통념에해당한다. < 감정은우리에게부정적인영효떨미친다 통념에 5H'afil는내용이다. 우리는감정을적절히내보내야효빠 - 감정을규제하거나관리해야효H 각는내용은있지만, 적절히내보내야한다는말은언급되지않았다. 감정은이성에의해규제되어야할필요가있다--통념에해당하는내용이다. 반대개념! 얀휩 I eputation 평판 regulate 조절하다 have a p int 나름의의미 [OI 유 ] 가있다 evoluti nary 진화의 disgu 하 - 혐오, 역겨움 beneficial 유익한 interaction 상호작용 ancestor 조상 motivate 자극하다 predat r 포식 자 scarce 부족한 150 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

145 실전 06 회 2 정꿇 l N St ne Age tenyear ld w uld have been living n tender f ds like m dempotat chips, hamburgers, and pasta. Their meals w uld have required far m re chewing than is ever demanded of a modem child. Insufficient use f jaw muscles in the early years fm demlifemay result in their underdevelopment and in we 밟 er and sm려 ler b ne 뾰ucture. 암le gr wth f human teeth requires a jaw 밟ucture of a certain size and shape, one that might not be pr duced if usage during devel pment is inadequate Crowded and misplaced incisors and imperfect wisd m teeth may be diseases f civ 피 zati n. Perhaps many dental pr blems w uld be prevented if m te :bitlpg er~ 멀 lc uragec:ljqi 벼 tlc:tr, 밍 1. 밟렘석기시대열살된그어떤 p 댄대의 감자칩, 햄버거, 파스타와같이부드러운 음직을먹고살지는않았을것이다. 그들의식사는현 대의 }ol 에게요구되는것보다훨씬더많은씹기가 필요했을것이다. 현대생활에서어린시절의불충분 한턱근육의사용이턱근육발육의부진과더약하 고작은뼈구조를생기게할지도모른다. 인간치아 의발육은일정한크기와모양의턱구조가필요한데 그것은발육기간동안사용 1 부적절하면생성되지 않을지도모른다. 몰려서나고잘못된자리에난앞 니와불완전한사랑니는문명의질병일지도모른다. ~I 만틀을원핸떤많은찜기간권정캘다편, f 마많은치아문제들이여 l 방될것이다 활훌률댐용이뢰 [ 대립생 현대아이들은석기시대아이들처럼단단히 ; 고더많은씹기를요구히지많은시대에살고있므며, 이러한습관은더믿텀t고작은뼈구조를샘기게하였으며, 결과적으로잘못된자리에난앞니나불완전전한사랑니와같은질병을가져왔다는것이이글의중심내용이다. OJ러한치아와관련된질병을예농F 하려먼, 반대로 아이들을위해더많은씹기가권장되어야한다할수있으므로, 빈 ξ뻐 가가장적절하디r. 룰뭘꾀던 UI G 우리가정기적딛로치과어 죠따면--일반적상식으로오답을유도하고있다. 우리가좀더강한턱근육을갖고있다먼 --김반턱근육을갖기위한조건이필요하다. 부모님들이야이들의치아를관리한다먼--- 일반적상식으로오답을유도하고있다. 많은치과장비가있다면 -- 일반적상식으로오답을유도하고있다. 무관한내용 대립생대립쌍1: 육발달 석기시대아이 -- 많은씹기가필요 -- 턱근 대립암!2: 현대아이--적은씹기필요--턱근육발육부진, 더약하고작은뼈구조생성 ---치마관련질병 F 험 I live n 을먹고살다 req 미 re 필요로 5 빠 chew 씹다 insufficient 불충분한 jaw muscle 턱근 육 underdevelopment 발육부전 usage 시용 inadequate 부적절한 misplaced 자리를잘못잡은 civilization 문명 / -- - 삐낼형j 챔폐.

146 실전 06 회 3 정답 If γ u watch airline attendants when flight safety in밟ucti ns are being given, y u U n tice 남iat 난iey hold 난1e life jacket, xygen mask, and ther dem nstration materials like pieces f 와t being auctioned at Christie s. Why? Because it draws attenti n t th se items and c nveys their imp rtance. Ace rding t a large restaurant owner, his seπers are tau맹t t present trays of f d t customers with b th hands and with respect Doing so leaves thers with a m re favorable irnpr1않 si n f theseπer and the restaurant The S없ne principle applies t anything γ u h ld while spe하ψig in public. Whether it is a piece fpaper, aw rkb k, r a pr duα, if γ u W 밍 lt t let y ur audience kn w what you 와e h lding is important, 퍼 ~ 냉e 퍼티 i 훤 rriv 녕난 i 훤 spe 야 - 며 cfc 해. 랩핀비행전교훤 ] 진행되고있을때비행기 승무원을보면, 구명조끼, 산소미스크와 다른시범용물건을크리스티경매에서경매되는예 술작품처렴들고있는것을알것이다. 왜일까? 그것 이그물품에대한관심을꿀고그물품의중요성을 전달하기때문이다. 어떤큰음식점주인에따르면, 종업원은손님에게두손으로정중하게음직이담긴 챙반을가져다주도록교육받는다. 그렇게하논것이 다른사람들에게그종업원과그직닥에대해더우호 적인인장을남긴다. 이와같은원리는여러분 1 공 개연설을히는동안들고있는어떤것에나적용된 다. 그것이한장의종이이건, 규정집이건1 제품이건 간에, 여러분이들고있는것이중요하다는것을청 중이알게하고싶다면, 딪물품을철춤한고춤갚곁혐첸다램랴.{ 짧렐댐용이림 - [ 언결성 ] [ 대립셈 I 파멀괴려 ~ 질문과대답으로이루머진문단구조에서는대답부분이주제에해당한다. 따라서세번째줄의 Why? 와 Because 의문장이글의주제문임을알수있다. 즉어떤현상 ( 결패메대한이유 ( 원인 ) 를설명함으로써이지문이이야기하고자하는바를나E뻐고있기때문이다. 다음문장의구체적인예에서도, 식당종업원이음식을정중떼두손으로가전단준늘강역시그물품 ( 왕때 대한줌요성을전딜하는하나의표현방법인것이다. 따라서공개연설을하면서들고있는것이소중하다는것을청중이일게하고싶다먼 그물품을정중하고조심스럽게다루어야할것이다. 대립쌍 대립쌍1: 비행기승무원 ; 비행전교육이진행되고있을때비행기승무원을보먼, 구명조끼, 산소마스크와다른시범용물건을크리스티경매에서경매되는예술작품처럼들고있는것대립썽2: 식당종업원 ; 종업원은손님에게두손으로정중하게음식이담긴쟁반을가져다주도록교육받는다대립싶!3: 대중연설가 ; 공개연설을하면서들고있는것이소중하다는것을청중이알게하고싶다먼 그물품을정중하고조심스럽게다루어야할것이다대립쌍1, 2와의연결선S뻐 서대립암팅의빈칸을추론할수있다. φ 청중의주의를집중시키도록노력해라--청중에게주의를집중시키는방법이무엇인지를구처l적으로묻는문제이다. 그물건을청중에게지주보며줘라--지주보며준다고해서그물건이중요하다는것을의미하지는않는다. < 얼굴에우호적인인상을보여라-- 청중에게그물건의중요성을먼저설명해라 어떤물건이소중하다는것을암시적으로표현하는글01므로구체적으로중요성을설명하는것괴받거리가멀다. < 부분일치 할쾌 atte 띠 ant 승무원, 안내원 instruction 교육, 지시 oxygen 산소 demonstrati n 시범, 보여주기 aucti n 경매하다 draw 꿀다, 01꿀다 convey 전달하다 acco며1ngt 에따르먼 sener 종업원 present 주다, 저 출하다 t ay 쟁반, 음식접시 with respect 정중하게 impression 인상 apply 적용되다 in public 공개적으로, 공공연히 handle 다루다 give away 거저주다 persuade 설득하다 touch 감동시키다 dem nstrate 드러내다, 시범으로보여주다 152 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

147 실전 06 호 정답. ~ M 얀 of us play it s 값 e by 때뺑 i 립펴따헐 ~ 없i~~ when faced with the p ssibility f fee바lg g 퍼 ty r disapp in 따 lg thers. At work you may allow a c mpl 외피 ng c w rker to keep ste 려 ing your energy t avoid c nflict - ending up hating y ur j b. At home y u may say yes t family members wh give y u a hard time to avoid their em tional r 히 ec 다 on, 며 r t feel frustrated by the lack of quality time that y u have f r y urself. We work hard to manage the percep뎌 ns f thers, ignoring ur own needs, and in the end we give up the very thing that will enable us to live me 와파 1 맹 d lives. 활훨우리대부분은죄책감을녕 1 거나다른사람들이실멍하게할수있는 7 념성에 직면했을때 ~ 챔떨혈짧讀형혔많헛홉탤뭘챔위험을무 릅쓰지않는다. 직장에서마찰을피하려고여러분은 불명하는직장통료가계속여러분의에너지를빼앗 아가는것을허용하여결국여러분지신의직장을싫 어하게될지도모른다. 집에서는여러분을힘들게하 는 7r 족구정원들이정서적으로거절당한다는느낌 을갖치않도록하기위히여그콸 R 게 그래 l 라고말 해결국여러분자신을위한양질의시간부족으로좌 절하게될지도모른다. 우리는자신의욕구를무시한 챔로다른사림들의 G 우리에대한 ) 인식을관리하기 위해열심히노력하고, 결국자신이의미있는삶을 살도록해줄바로그것을포기한다. 활훌델횡 l 뢰一댐뭔보젊영뭔 [ 연결 힘뀔빼 i 주제 f 란보충설명문의구조에서주제문에빈칸이있는 문제유형이다. 죄책감을느끼거나다른사람들을실망 하게할수있는기능성에직먼했을때 = 힐을록셈위힘을 무릎쓰지않는다 에서빈칸 J 에들어갈말은빈칸다음 문장의 불펑하는직장동료가계속여러분의에너지를 빼 a 빠기는것을허용하며, 자신의욕구를무시한채 와연결선쇼뻐l 있다, 따라서빈ξ뻐 는 우리의욕구를제 쳐둠으로써 '7f 가장적절하다. (]) 다른사람들에게 예 라고일H 함으로써-- 다른사람들에게 예 뿐아니라 아니오 라고말힘으로써위힘을무릅쓰지않을수있다. 그들의요구를무시함으로써--다른사람들을실망시키지않게하기위해서는 그들의요구를무시해서는안된다. 상황을현명하게다룸으로써-- 감정문제를피함으로써-+ 감정문제를표 히는것이우리의욕구를제처둔다고단정할수없다. 부분일치 l얀톱i put aside 을저 쳐두다 need 욕구 face 직면하다 guilty 죄책감을느끼는 complain 불평하다 cowo ker 직장동료 avoid 피하다 c nflict 마찰, 갈등 end up 결국 하게되다 hate 싫어하다 em ti nal 정서적인, 감정적인 rejecti n 거부, 거절 qua Iiψ 질좋은 manage 관리하다 perception 인식 in the end 결국 give up 낙을포기하다 all w 허용하다, 내버려두다 f rbid 금지하다 frustrated 죄절한 satisfied 만족한 ignore 무시하다 fulfill 채우다, 성취하다 PART31 조은.J,.f 람좋은해설 153 /

148 r 실전 06 c mpared with farmers, hunter-gathers led a more leisurely life. M dem wh anthr p l g 밟 S have spent ψne with surviving hunterga남 ierer groups rep rt that gathering food nly accounts f r a small pr porti n f their tinle - far less 난ian w uld be required t pr1 duce the S와ne qu없다ψ of f d via farming. The!Kung Bushmen of the Ka! 하1하 i, f r ex없nple, typically spend twelve to nineteen h ursaweek c llecψig f d, and the Hazda n mads f Tanzania spend less than f urteen h urs. 봐 iat le.a:".es a for f 뺑르 # 탤 f r leisure acti 피따, s ci 삶피 ng,and s n. 재퍼en asked by an anthropol1 gist why his people had not ad pted 빼n파 ig, one Bushman replied, Why should we plant, when there are somanym ng ng nuts in the wi rld? In effect, hunter-gatherers work tw have five-day weekends. days a week and 활흩률농부와비교뼈, 수렵채집인은더여유로운삶을영위했다. 남아있는수렵채집 인집단과함께시간을보낸현대의인류학자들은, 식 량채집은수렵채집인의시간중작은부분만을차지 하는데, 그것은농사를통하여동일한양의식량을생 산하는데요구되는것보다훨씬더적을것이라고말 한다, 예를들어, 칼라하리사막의!Kung 부시먼족 ( 키작은수렵민족 ) 은식량을모으느라보통 1 주에 12 시간에서 19 시간을소비하고, 탄자니아의 Hazda 유 목민은 14 시간미만을소비한다. 그러면여가활동, 사교활동틈을위한많은 -~ 빠시간 9J 남는다. 왜자 신의부족이농업을채택하지않았는지한인류학자 에게질문을받았을때, 한부시먼은 세상에그렇게 많은 m ng ng 열매가있는데, 왜우리가재배해야 하죠? 라고대답했다. 사실상수렵채집인은일주일 에이틀을노동하고 5 일의주말을보낸다. 斷렐템용이뢰 } 때진술 ; 쩍 뭔보충설명문 + 재진술 ] [ 연결성 ] 주제문과보충설명문으로이루머진문단구조이며, 보충설명문에서주저 문을재진술히는부분을빈칸으로출제한유형이다. 주제문 ( 첫문징 ) 농부와비교하며수렵채집인이더여유로운삶을영위했다에대한근거로서식료약을모으기위해!Kung족은 1주에 12-19시간을소비 5f. 고 Hazda 유목민은 14시간미만을소비한다고하였는데, 이는일주일에이틀을노동하고 5일의주말을보내는시간과같다. 따라서주제문의 여유로운 삶은 많은자유시간과언결성을갖는다. I 파멀꾀던 ~ G 그들의일을끝낸다-- 여가나사교활동을위해그들의일을끝낸다는내용은지문내용으로추론할수없다. 그들은시간을절약해야효빠-- 그들은많은시간을갖고있지않다-- 식량을모으는것은하나의수단이다 여가나사교활동을위해식량을오는것이아니다, 부분일치 F험I compare!:ji 기 L듭 fcrhun _. 다 aoc untf1 r 의비율을짜l하다 pn portion 부분, 비율 pn duce 생산하다 quantity 양, 분량 via 을통하여 typically 보통, 대개 nomad 유목민, 방랑자 leave 남기다 leisure 여가 activiψ 활동 socialize 사교적모임에참석하다, 끄L 제하디rand soon 기타등등 adopt 채택5fCr plant 재배하다 in effect 사실상 \ 54 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 훈론입문

149 실전 06 호 l 6 1 A human system f 밸웰範 g R 며 is aim 얀 always m re responsive than a mechanical ne. Have y u 밍er had t wait in a car at a red light when there was a I t ftraffic ny, ur sσeetand n ne n the er SS sσeet? A policeman would immediately see 난 ie situati n and a 예 ust 남 ie direc 디 nal R w to meet the m ment 따 y need πie S 없 ne applies t πgid n 괴 es in a mee 따 lg. It is hard to get a c nstructive dial gue g ing when the p 하디 cipants are nly all wed to speak in a fixed rder. A human system - a sensitive m derator - c 버 d a 예 ust to 산 ie moment-by m ment needs f the individuals in the gr up without letting anyone d minate the meeting f r 활룰톨흐름흘랩협뭔인간의시스템은기계적인시스템보다즉각적인반응을거의항 상더잘한다. 여러분이적신호에걸려차안에서기 다려야하는데, 여러분의차선에많은차량이있고 교차되는차선에는자가하나도없을때가있었는가? 경찰이라면즉시그성쩡을보고일시적인필요에맞 게 ( 교힘. 방향의흐름을조정할것이다. 회의의엄격 한규칙에도같은것이적용된다. 참 7}7. 띔을정해진 순서로만발언하게하면건설적인대화가진행되는 것이어렵다. 섬세한중재자인인간의시스템은엄늑 누군가가그회의를오랫폼안지배하게두지않으면 서집단내개인듬의순간순간의욕구에맞추어질수 g 불경 1 다. 분명네다섯명을넘는모든회의는뀔 협잡힌대화의흐름음유지할지도지를필요로한다. 1 ng. Clearly, eve 디 r meeting f m re 남 ian f ur r five pe ple needs a leader wh will keep a balanced c nversati nalflow. 廳 I 첩용이뢰 댐 l 뭔보충설명뭔 [ 연결 I 파멸펴던 요구를만족시키는 -- 무관한내용 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단구조에서주제문의핵심어가빈칸으로출제된유형이다. 차량의흐름을원활히케하거나, 회의에서균형잡힌대화의흐름을유지하게하는인간의능력은기계적시스템보다즉각적반응을더잘한다는것이글의주요내용이다. ( 교통 ) 방향의흐름을조정하거나, 균형잡힌대화의흐름을유지5써l 흐름을조정하는 reg비atingfl w 교통을통제히는 교통경찰관이교통을통제하여흐름을원훨하게히는내용은하나의에시에만해당한다. 새규칙을만드는-- 대화를이끄는-- 균형집힌대화가되도록흐름을유지히는것은하나의에시에만해당한다. 부분일치 l 안훨 I sys 면 m 방식, 처 겨 regulate 조정하다 fl w 흐름엄 sp nsive 반응을잘하는 mecharn 떼기계적인 - immediately 즉시 adjust 조정하다 directional 농항의 m mentary 일시적인 rigid 엄격한 c nst uctive 건설적인 dialogue 대화 participant 참가자 fixed 정해진, 고정된 orde 순서 sensitive 섬서 한, 민감한 moderator 중 재자, 조정자 m mentbym ment 순 ξ 만간의 dominate 지배하다 sac ifice 희생하다 balanced 균형집힌 stick t 낙을고수하다, 에집착하다 appreciate 인정하다

150 실전 07 호 l 1 Jacqueline Nov gratz, the founder f the Acumen Fund, tells a story that dem nstrates how c nnected we all are t ne an ther. Her st1 Iγ centers n a blue 없 reater. It was given t her by her uncle Ed when she was twelve.!loved that s ft w l sweater with its 밟 iped sleeves and tw zebras in the fr nt, she says. She even wrote her name on the tag. But the sweater g t t 디밟 lt f r her as she grew lder. s in her freshman year of high sch l she d nated it t a charity. Eleven years later, she was jogging in Kigali, Rwanda, where she was working to set up an 려 d pr1 gram for p or women. Suddenly, shesp tted a little b ywearing a sin 피 arsweater. c uld it be? She ran over t him and checked ut the tag. γes, there was her n 없 ne. It as enough t remind Jacqueline - and the rest of us- f il_ie threaas 9f ur COI1f!ectl n t one ~ mer! 활룰률 Acumen Fund 의설립자인 Ja 띠 U 빼 N v gratz 는우리모두까어떻게연겸되 어있는지를보여주는이야기를해준다. 그녀의이 야기는파란스웨터하나를중심으로전개된다. 그 것은그녀가열두살때심촌 Ed 로부터받은젓이었 다. n 저는줄무늬소매와얼룩말두마리가앞에있 는그부드러운모직스웨티를좋아했어요. 라고그 녀는밀한다. 그녀는심지어꼬리표에자신의이름을 썼다. 그러나그녀가자라면서그스웨터는그녀에게 너무작아졌다. 그래서고등학교 l 학년때그녀는그 것을자선단체에기증했다. 11 년후, 그녀는빈곤여 성을위한지원프로그램을시작하기위하여일하던 Rwanda 의 Kigali 에서조깅을하고있었다. 갑자기 그녀는비슷한스웨터를입고있는한어린소년을발 견했다. 그것일까? 그녀는그에게달려가서꼬리표를 확인했다. 그래, 거기에그녀의이름이있었다. 그것 은 Jacqueline 뿐만아니라나머지우리들에게도천룹에돼한우리의민연익실첸럼연결로괜있음을장기시려주기에충분했다. 활톨률댐용이흰 댄결성 ] [XH 진쉴 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단구조로서, 이주제문이재진술된마지막문장에빈ξfOI 있는문제유형이다. 열두살때삼촌으로받은스웨터가기부를통해 Rwanda의한소년에게전달되었다는것을발견했다는것을통해빈ξ삐는 서로에대한우리의인언이실처럼연결되머있음 이들어간다는것을추론할수있다. 첫문장의 우리모두가머떻게언결되어있는지를보여주는 과의연결성에의해서도문제를해결할수있다. I 파필꾀던 UI G 옷을재활용하는것의실현-- 자원봉사자로서일할필요--- 문의 charity 라는단어를통해유추해볼수있는내용으로오답을유도하고있다 우리것을남들과공유히는것의중요성- 우리가서로도오빠하는 01유-- 내가입은스웨터가 Rwanda의한소년이입었다고해서우리가서로도와야하는이유로빈칸을단정지을수는없다. 부분일치 l얀톱i f under 설립자 striped 줄무늬의 sleeve 소매 zeb떠얼룩말빼꼬리표 donate 기부하다 charity 자선 ---- E쩌 setup 시적년f다, 설립하다 spot 발건하다 remind 생각나케하다 thread 실 demonstrate 보여주다 relative 상대적인 emphasize 강조하다 156 독해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

151 Human beings have always had the capac 펴 t think spa디 ally- 남lis is here, 난iat is there - even th ugh n t everybody ch ses to express this understanding in mapmaking. The capaciη to f rm mental maps m맙 t have been essential for the early humans. Hunter-gatherers, f r instance, recognized the routes f the migratory animals and the best places to hunt them d wn even with ut a physical map. Wandering tribesmen needed t knowh 1wthey c uldcr1 SS deserts safely with ut dying f thirst 꾀 l these pe ple would have carried ~ffi:ar ofjhi 함 r la 띠 in tlierr bea&: 활톨률비록모든사람들이지도제작에그런이 해력을표현하기로선택하지는않지만, 인깐유휴낀쩍으로즉이것은여기에있고 저것은 저기에였다고잭각하는놓력을헝장지녀왔다. 멈렁 속지도를구석할수있는능력은초기인류에게필수 적이었음이분명하다. 예를들어 수렵채집인들은 실제지도없이도이주동물들의경로와그동물들을 사냥할수있는가장좋은장소를알아보았다. 이리저 리돌아다니며사는부족민들은갈증으로죽지않고 안전하게사막을건널수있는방법을알필요가있었 다. 이모든사람들은혀릿좀에 L 그들파팡쩍 l 해짧찌보를지녔을것이다. 활톨률댐용이뢰 -[Xff 진술 ; 주제뭔보충설명문 + 재진쉴 [ 연결성 ] 첫문 E 쩌럼양보절과주절로이루어진경우에는무게줄 심으 ~ 월에있기때문메 인간은공간적으로생각하는 능력을항상지녀왔다가이글의주제이다. 이는 수렵채 집인들은실제지도없 01 도이주동물들의경로와그동 물들을사냥할수있는가장좋은장소를알아보았다, 이 모든사람들은머릿속에그들의땅에대한지도를지녔을 것이다 와언결성을갖는다. 이가잠적절하다. I 과펄괴뎌 ~ φ올바른길을찾을수있는나침반-머릿왜l 지도를 지녔다는말과나침반은대조의개념이다. 적을물리칠수있는무기 -- 수럽채집인에대한이야 기를통해상식으로추론할수있는내용이다. 이런식 으로지문에근거하지않고상식에의한추론을철저 히금지해야효 κr. 세부사항들을보여줄지도 -- 동물들의경로, 사냥 과같은어휘를통해유추해볼수있는내용들이지만, 주제와전혀상관없는선택지로오답을유도하고있 다. 아생에서살아남기위한필수도구들 --@ 번참조. < 무관한내용.. 률롤 l 않 pa city 능력 mapmaking 지도제작 f rm 구성하다 essential 필수적인 recognize 알아보다 physical - 실제의, 물질적인 route 경로 migratory DI 주히는, 이동성의 wander 돌아다니다 cross 건너다 S 미 table 적당한 repn duce 복사하다, 재생산하다.

152 ,...- 실전 07 회 3 정답! Even an exψlet language can be br, ught back t 파 e, if c ncliti ps are right. There must be 앨 ! wh9_ W 없 it 펴 i] 윌 igq 쟁 g~ 뇨웰. Also, 버ere must be written r au며 recorded material f the language in s me form. This has happened v.rith an Aboriginal language f South Australia called Kaurna Its last native speaker died in 1929, but in the 1980s a gr, up f people decided that they wanted their language back. "The language isn t dead, the leader f the gr up said, it s nly sleeping. F rtunately, material survived h m the nineteenth century, so 버at a linguist was able t make a fresh descripti n and help the Kaurna pe ple st앙t learning the language again. It s taught in sch ls n 'w, and s me day, perhaps, some children w퍼 st와t le따피ng it as their mother t ngue. 활톨률만약조건 ] 적햄다면, 사멸된언어하도다시살아날수있다.~ 언 i 세를쥐삼원즙 F 는잔 7 람들이있어야한다. 또한, 문자로쓰여있거나녹음된그 언어의자효로가어떤형태로있어야한다. Kaurna 라고불 리는호주남부원주민의한언어에서이런일이일어났다. 그언어의마지막원어민은 1929 년에죽었지만, 1980 년 대에한집단의사람틀이그들의언어를되살리고싶다는 결정을내렸다. 그언어는죽지않았습니다. 단지자고있 을뿐입니다. 라고그집단의지도자가말했다. 다행히도, 19 세기자료가남아있어서한언어학자가그언어를생생 하게기술할수있었고 Kaurna 인들이그언어를다시배 우기시작하도록도울수있었다. 오늘날, 그언어는학교 에서가르쳐지고있으며, 아마도언젠가일부의아이들이 자신의모국어로배우기시작할것이다. 활훌률댐용 01 뢰 [ 적 l 뭔보충설명뭔 [ 연결성 ] 주제문과보충설명문으로된문단구조로서, 보충 설명문에제시된구체적정보를빈칸으로출제한 문제유형이다. 사멸된언어를다시살리기위한조 건은 l 그언어를다시원히는사람들이있어야한 다는것과 문자로쓰여있거나녹음된언어자료 가남아있어야효봐 는것이다. 예시로제시된보충 설명문에서 다행히도, 19 세기자료가남아있어서 한언어학자가그언어를생생히커 l 기술했다고되 어있으므로, 또하나조건인 그언어를다시원하 는사람들 이있어야효 E 바빈 ξ 삐들어갈수있음 을추론할수있다. 린멜꿇 i G 그프로젝트를위한재정지원-- 열렬히배우고자하는학생들 열렬히배우고자하는학생들이구체적으로무엇을배우고자하는것에대한언급이없다 그언어를이해할수있는훌륭한언어학자 그언어를이해할수있는훌륭한언어학자가있다고해서사멸된언어가다시살아남을수있는것은아니다, 그언어를기억히는원어민들--그언어를기억하는원어민들이있다는것은 문자로쓰여있거나녹음된그언어의자료가어떤형태로있어야한다 는조건만만족시키지만, 그얻어를다시원하는사람들 까지 E힘시키는것은아니다. 부분일치 G 톱톨 extinct 사멸된, 멀종한 conditi 1 조건 f rtunately 다행히도 linguist 언어학자 description 기술, 묘사 mother tongue 모국어 58 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문 ιr

153 ( ; 摩燮텀 ;;;} bι 솥 ω 필 J 씬 ;..'. :~:.:;ι 확녕 ;2-4 차 } ~~.. 찌싸 ;; 싹끼 ; 씬.,... / 전씨 J p p 버 ar pr 히 u 버 ce ffers a blackandwhite picttrre f the brain versus body paradigm. We are ften t Id that exercise devel ps the b dy while rea버 ng, wri뎌 ng, and thin힘ng are meant t devel p the brain. This is a flawed percepti n. W 버 le mental ac 다찌.ties such as rea 버 ng, wriψ1g, s lving mathematical pr blems, d ing crossw rds r p 따 ticipaψlg in seminars are p 파 n 앙퍼 c ncemed with the brain, they are 려s relevant t the b dy and have an impact on it The em ti ns and sens Iγ reacti ns created by these activities have an influence, however subtle, through chemic 려 signals, n 안 ieb.o<;lr: 굶 tli 업 h 딪혀.i:h,' 활룰톨대중적인편견은뇌와신체의패러다임의 이분법적인생각을가지는것이다. 운동은신체를발달시키고반면에읽기, 쓰기, 그리고사고는두뇌를발달시킨다고우리는지주듣는다. 의런할휠식은결점이었다. 읽기, 쓰기, 수학문제풀기, 글자맞추기혹은세미나에참석하기등과같은정신적활동들은두뇌와주로연관이있지만, 그것들은또한쇠첸와도연관이었고신체에역향을미친다. 이러한활동에의해만틀어지는감정과감각의반응들은미묘하긴하지만화학적인신호를통해서짚휩l펠뚫휩에영향을미친다. 활훌훌떤용OJ뢰 [ 일뺨 ;A는 B다 ; 통념과 F뀔끓i J박 ] [ 재진술 ] [ 언결성 다른사람들의반응-- 무관한내용 통념과반박으로 OJ루어진문단구조이다. 우리를둘러싼사람들- 무관한내용 까지에서뇌 ( 정신 ) 와몸에관하나통념을제시하고, 뇌의왼쪽부분-- 무관한내용 번째문장 ( 우리정신을개빌빨수있는능력 -- 정신활동이우리대해반받띈t고있으며, 구체적인근거를들어마지막문의신체와건죠뻐I 영효될미친다고하였다 반대개념 죠뻐l서주제를보여준다. 정신과관련된활동이신체와도연관이있고신체에영흥를미친다는것을통해빈칸에는 신체와건강이가장적절하다. l 안톱 I P 밍 judi 밍편견 black-and-white 흑백이뚜렷한, 이분법적인 picture 모습, 묘사 versus 대 ( 對 ), 에 대해, 대비 [ 대죄하며 paradigm 전형적인에 be meant t v 하도록의도되었다 flawed 결점이있는 perception 인식 mathematical 수학의, 수리적인 en SSW rd 십자말풀이 participate in 에참여하다 primarily 주로 concerned with 와관련이있는 relevantt 와관련이있는 have an impact on 에영향 7 충격을주다 sens ry 감 각의 reaction 반응 have an influence on 에영효를주다 subtle DI 묘한 chemical 화학적인 signal 신호 ' '" -----ιi.:::...~..i:~ - -

154 실전 07 회 5 Pe ple are sσon 때 influenced by irrelevant factor 운놔 ie nes that speak t ur unc nsci us desires and m tivations. F r example, in a 양 udy, subjects were given three different boxes f detergent and asked t 다y them all out, then repoπ n which they liked best and whγ. One box was yellow, another blue, and the 버뇨 d was blue wi 남 l splashes f γellow. The subjects overwhelmin 밍 y fav, red the detergent in the box with mixed col rs. πieir c mments included much ab ut the rela 뎌 ve merits f the detergents, but n ne mentioned the box. Whγ sh 버d they? A pre띠r b x d esn't m하 ce the detergent w rk better. But in reality, it was j 펴 t 뚫띨많짧월냄 e detergents inside were al 1 identical. 활훨사꿇은관련없늑요블우리의무의식적욕구나동기부여에호소하 는것탬이주많이영향을받는다. 예를들어, 한연구에서, 피실험자들은 3 개의다른세제상차 를받아서모두사용해보고가장미음에드는세 제를고르고그이유를보고히라고요청받았다. 한상자는노란책, 다른것은파란책, 또다른것 은노란책무늬가있는파란잭이었다. 피실험자들 은혼합된색의성갖내l 들어있는세제를압도적드 로선호했다. 그들의의견은세제들의상대적장 점에대한언급 ] 많이포함되어있었으나마무 도상자에대해서는언급하지않았다. 그들은왜 그랬을깨예쁜상 :A} 는세제의성능을더좋게만 틀어주지는않는다. 그러나사실, 다촌첫은 상챈뿐이었다 ] 안의세제들은모두동일한것이었다. 활톨률댄용이흰 [A 는 B 대 [ 연결성 ] 주제문과보충설명문으로이루머진문단구조이다. 첫문장이주제문으로서 사람들은관련없는요소에이주많이영향을받는다고하였다. 세제의장점에대해이야기할때사람들은사실전혀관련이없는세제상지에영호떨밭 % 다는것이실험결과이다. 따라서빈ξ뻐 l는 다른것은상자뿐 OJ 가 함월꾀뎌 중요한것은마음-- 의미없는색깔-- 결정적인동기 - 다른의견을가진피실험자들 무관한내용 장적절하다. 주저 l 문의 관련없는요소들 이빈칸의 다른것 은상자뿐 과연결되는것을주의김게살펴불필요가있다. r.! 험 I influence 영효떨주다 iπelevant 무관한 facto 요인, 요소 unconsci us 무의식적인 desire 욕구 - motivati n 동기 SU 비 ect 실험 ( 연귀대상, 피실험자 dete 띠 ent 서 l 제 try ut 을시험적으로사용해보다 splash ( 빛깔의 ) 점 / 무늬 overwhelmingly 압도적으로 fav, 선호하다 c mment 논평, 견해 relative 비교적인, 상대 적인 merit 가치, 장점 menti n 언급하다 w k 효과가나다 있태 in real 벼시실 identical 통일한 160 독혜의기솔시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

155 실전 07 회 6 정답 l F r many y ung people, peers are f significant imp πance and can be the primary source of the norms "With which they sσive t c nf, rm. Peer pressure am ng them can affect hg:w 착iey_ c\ii:ye a:~ γ빼 it않 γ ung drivers expe뎌ence higher peer pressure than Ider drivers to c mmit traffic vi lati ns such as spee며ng, dri찌ng under the influence of alcoh l 없d d와 igerous 1vertaking. Direct peer pre똥ure may be exerted n a young driver s beha 얘or through the influence f a passenger. γ ung drivers, b th male and female, drive faster and "With a sh rter f 11 wing 며stance at road junctions if they have young passengers in the car. 활톨률 많은젊은이들에게, 또래는아주중요해서그들이순응하려는규범의 주요원천이될수있다. 그들 λ.j-0] 의또래압력은그를핵운전즙많t챔샘에영향을줄수있다. 젊은운전자들이나이든운전자들보다과속, 음주운전, 그리고위험한앞지르기퉁과같은교통위반을저지르게하는더높은또래압력을경험한다. 동승짜의영향에의해직접적인또래압력이젊은운전자의핵통에가해질수있다. 남녀모두, 젊은운전자들은만약그들의치어l 젊은폼승자가타고있무면, 교짜로에서더좁은차간거리를유지하고더빨리운전한다. 활톨률 [ 적용이론 ] [ 구체훼 를파펄꾀던 1JI 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단이다. 첫문장 또래는이주중요해서그들이순응하려는규범의주요원천이될수있다가주제문에해당한다이에대한구체적인예로서또래압력이젊은운전자들로하며금괴속, 음주운전등을히는데영흔떨미치고, 동승자가타고있으먼교차로에서더좁은차간거리를유지하고더빨리운전효H 각는내용을통해빈ξ뻐 는 그들이운전하는방식 OJ 가장적절하다. G 승객이하는것---같이타고있는친구들에의해운전자가영향을받는것이다. 그들이삶을실야가는방식 -- 무관한문징. 왜그들이교통규칙을지키는가一지문의에는또래의영향으로인해교통규칙을지키지않는것에대해이야기하고있다. 그들이언제운전면허증을취득히는가 -- 무관한문장 할캘 peer 동년배, 또래 significant 중요한, 의미있는 primary 주된, 주요한, 기본적인 norm, 표준, 규범 strive 분투하다 conform with/to 메따르다, 순응하다 peerp essure 또래압력 vehicle 차량, 탈것 commit ( 죄 / 과실등을 ) 저지르다 vi lation 위반, 우 배 over벼 king 추월, 앞지르기 exert ( 권력 / 영향력을 ) 가하다 behavio 행동, 태도 f llowing distance 차사이의거리 junction 교차로 carelessly 부주의하게, 경솔5떼 ~A 꺼려處 i 홉斷 ;---

156 실전 08 호 l 1 Different go els and services have different values. National inc me ace un뎌ng requires measuring the value f pr ducti n. The m st comm n me잃ure is Gr SS D mestic Pr duct (GDP). It is the market value f all final go els and services pr1 duced in a year i버 in a country s b rders. π디s definition 얻때띠 es MY_P:r9-cll1G낀 n :i;i,qtjr웰5!d_ 따끄 ~ark.sirs_. For example, v lunt하y labor, su벼 as f빼 g a 퍼end s bike or helping a neighbor with their lawnm 1wer, c nstitutes unpaid service pr 1vision. It isn t ab utawi rker earning a wage or a c nsurner buying a seπice. In a sin피ar fashi n, housework perf rmed by members f the h useh Id is not included in the GDP, even th ugh the same w rk, when perf rmed by paid h use cleaners, is. These cases mean that the official GDP calc버a다 ns d n t cover all 버 e a 다 U 려 pr duction. 짧렘서로다른재화와용역은서로다른가 치를가진다. 국가수입회계는생산의가치를측정히는것을요한다. 가장흔한측정법은국내총생산 (GDP) 이다. 그것은국경안에서일년폼안에생산된모든최종적재회와용역의시장가치이다. 이정의는깨참댄서r거래픽찬t않은커떠한쟁딴도 ; 첸훤한만. 예를들어, 친구의자전거를수리하거나잔디꺾키기계를가지고이웃을돕는것과같은자발적인노동은돈을지불받지않는서비스제공에해당된다. 자발적인노동은급여를받는노동짜나서비스를구매히는소비자외는다른경우이다. 마찬가지로, 비록같은일이유급청소도우미에의해서행해질때는 GDP에포함되지만, 가족에의해행해진개 } 는 GDP에포함되지않는다. 이러한경우들은공직적인 GDP 계산이모든실제생산을포함하지는앓들단는것을의미한다. 활훌률댐용이휩 [A 는 BCH [ 연결성 ] 도입, 주제문그리고보충설명문으로이루어진문단이다. 빈 칸이포함된문장이주제문이고, 그다음의예를들어 (For example) OJ 하가보충설명문이다.A 짜발적노동안친구자전 거를수리하거나잔디깎기기계로이웃을돕는일, 가 ; 사를돕 는일등 ) 띈 B(GDP 에포함되지않는다 ) 로요믿빨수있다. 원문제에서는지문의마지막문장 모든실제생산을포효 k 하 지않는다 do not cα1e all the actual pn duction 가빈칸으 로출제되었다. 이와연결성을갖는 시 E 뻐 서거래되지않는 머떠한생산도제외한다가빈 ξ 뻐 l 가장적절하다. I 파펄꾀뎌 ~ φ 한나라의부 (wealth를보여준다- 지급하지않은서비스를포함힌다--자발적노동과같은지급하지않는서비스는 GDP에포함되지않는다 모든수요와공급을 T:! 뱅효rcr~< 보이지않는가치를강조한다 -GDP는시죠뻐 서거래되는것만을포함한다. 반대개념! 얀톱 l accounting 회겨 j require 필요하다, 요구빡 measure 측정, 측정하다 producti n 생산, 생산량 gross - 총 - ( 모된 domestic 국내의 b rde 국경 i 경계 definition 정의, 깨념의 ) 의미 trade 거래따 exclude 제외 ( 배제하다 voluntary 자발적인, 자원봉사로하는넙 bo 노동, 근로 fix 수리하다, 바로잡다 lawnmower 잔디깎 는기계 c nstitute 을구성하다, 이되다 unpaid 무보수의, 무급의 pn 1vision 공급, 저 공 earn ( 돈을 ) 벌다, ( 수익을 올리다 wage 임금, 급료 consumer 소비자 similar 비슷한, 유사한 fashi n 방법, 방식 perform ( 일 / 과제 / 의무등을 ) 행하다 househ Id 가족, 가정 cleane 청소부 ifficial 공식적인 calculation 산출, 계산결과 actual 실제의, 사실상의 reflect 나타내다단영하다 ign re 무시하다 P inciple 원칙, 원리 suppty 공급 ( 량 ) demand 수요 oontain 이들어있 다, 함유되어있다 imp rt 수입품 profit 수익,OJ 윤 trade 거래, 무역 162 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

157 실전 08 호 l 2 l The need for t uch may seem like common sense. H 1wever, in the early 1900s, people in Europe believed that t uching newborns was n t go d f r them and they th ught that it w uld spread germs and make the babies weak and whinγ. In the rphanages at that 따ne, it was n t permitted to cuddle ne짜 b m babies. The babies were well fed and cared f r, but many of them became 피. πien ne d ctor suggested that the babies be 鼠바웹 ω; 斷 d 腦. The sick babi 않 began t get better graduallγ. Recent research that has c nfinned the imp rtance f touch for babies encourages parents and nurses t touch and stroke 활룰률접촉의필요성은상식적인것같다그러나 1900 년대초기에유럽사람틀은 신생아를만지는것은아어들에게좋지않다고믿 었고1 그것이세균을퍼트려서신생아를약하고짜 증나게만든다고생각했다. 그당시에고아원에서는신생아를얀는것이허용되지않았다. 아기들 이잘먹고보살핍을받았지만, 많은아기들이아 왔다. 그때한의사가 }71 들은했웰懶勳햄 햄팬땐 i 고제안했다. 아픈아기들은점차나아 지기시작했다. 아이들에대한접출밀줄욕절을보 여주었던최근의연구는부모틀과간호시들로하 여금가능한많이미숙 1 틀을만지고쓰다듬는것 을장려한다. premature babies as much as p ssible. 斷렐엠용이뢰재 H 진쉴앤 l B] I 파멜꾀뎌굉 l 작가는첫문장 접촉의필요성은상식적인것같다 를통해주제를임시하고있다. 신생마를만지는것은 0 매 에게세균을퍼트려약하고찌증나게만든다는 1900년대당시의통념과달리, 한의사는아이와의 접촉의중요성 을제안했으며, 이는최근의연구에서도료F 혀졌다는것이이글의중심내용이다. 첫문장의 접촉의팔요성 (The need for touch)' 은마지막문장메서 접촉의중요성 (the importance of touch 간호사로부터분리해야한다 마이를매일여러번요떼주어야한다. 더균형잡힌음식을먹여야한다 유능한의시에의해치료되어야효H 각 다른병원으로옮겨져야효빠-+ 무관한내용 babies) 으로재진술되고있다. F 험 I suggest- 할것을제요봐다 hold-held-held ( 께뺨 common sense 상식 nevvb rn 갓난 spread 퍼 ---- 뜨리다, 확산시키다 germ 서 l균 weak 약한, 힘이없는 whiny 짜증내는, 불펑하는, 투덜대는, 징징거리는 orphanage 고마원 permit 허르년f다 cuddle 요rO[ 주다 sever검 l times 여러번, 몇번씩 gradually 서서히 recent 최 근의 confirm 사실임을보여주다 enc urage 권쟁잠려 ) 하다 str ke 쓰다듬다 premature 정상 ( 여냄 ) 보다이른, 조 산, 조 t 빠의

158 실전 08 호 l 3 정답 In t day s marketing and advertisingsoaked w rld, pe ple C밍m t escape brands. The y unger 난 iey are when they S 얹 rt using a brand r product, the more 파 cely they are to keep using it for years to c me. But that s not the nly reas n c mpanies are aiming their marketing and advertising at younger c nsumers. As James U. McNeal, a pr fess r at Texas A&M U niversitγ, puts it, Sevenηfive percent of spontane us f d P 따 chases can be σaced to a:m~ 헬擬搬, And ne ut f tw mothers will buy a f d simplγ because her child requests it. T trigger desire in a C 버 ld is t σigger desire in the wh le far 피 ly. In ther words, kids have p,wer over spending in their househ lds, they have power over their grandparents and they have power 'ver their babysitters. πiat s why c mpanies use σicks to manipulate their minds. 활룰톨오늘날때팅과광고투성이의세상어 l 서, 사람들은상표로부터벗머날수없다. 사람들이상표나상품을사용하기시작하는시기가 어리면어릴수록, 그들은미래에그것을계속사용 할가능성이높아진다. 그러나 그러한점이회사들 이그들의 n 버 l 팅과광고를어린소비자들에게향하 게하는유일한이유는아니다. 돼 xas A 없 4 대학의 James U. McNeal 교수가다음과같이말했다 즉 흥적인음식구매의 75 퍼센트는. 쁨휴엔켄윷홀는핸 한때문일수있다. 그리고엄마들중두명당한명 이단순히아이가원하기때문에먹을것을살것이 다. 1 어에게있는욕구를촉발시키는것이가족전 체의욕구를촉발시키는것이다. 다시말해서, 아 이들은가정에서의소비에대한영향력을지니며, 조 부모에대해영향력을지니며, } 이를돌봐주는사 람에대해서도영향력을지닌다. 바로이것이회사 틀 1 에들의마음을조종하기위하여책략을사용 히는 1 유이다. 활톨률댐용이뢰 % 는 Bq] 마Or이개 B( 구매에영호떨미친대다에서 A를빈칸으로출제한문제유형이다, 회사가아이들을상대로마케팅과광고를하는이뮤는 0매 들이구매에영향력이있기때문이라는것이이글의중심내용이다. 엄마들중두명당효멍이단순히아이가원하기때문에먹을것을살것 이라는내용과, 다시말해서 (In othe w rds) DI하의내용으로빈칸을추론할수있다. F 파펄괴텀 ~ G 인터넷광고 상표이미지 좋은제품 시장지배력 -- 무관한내용! 얀훤 l 떠 vertisingsoaked 광고투성이의 escape 에 l 서벗어나다, 피하다 be likely to V 할것같다 aim 목표 로하다 advertising 광고 put 표현하다, 말하다 spontaneous 즉흥적인 purchase 구입 trace A ti B A 의 기원 ( 원인을 ) 추적하여 B깨 I 가대랩j 내태 nag 조르다, 성재 게 'Bf다 out of 중메 ( 세 request 요구하다 trigger 촉발시키다 desire 욕구 in ther words 다시말해서 babysitte 베이비시터, 아이돌봄이 trick 비법, 요령, 책략 manipulate 조종하다, 다루다 in and of themselves 그자체로 64 독해의 7-1술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

159 ! 실전 08 회 l Anxiety has been 하 ound f r 난 10usands of years According t evoluti nary P 히 rchol gists, it is adaptive to the extent that it helped ur ancestors avoid situati ns in which the margin f eπ r between life and death was s 파 n. Anxiety warned pe ple when their lives were in danger: not only fr, m wild tigers, cave bears, hungry hyen잃, and ther animals st머넙ng the landscape, but als from hostile, competing tribes. Being n aleπ helped ancient pe ple fight predators, flee fr, m enemies, r freeze, blending in, as if camouflaged, s theyw1 며dn t be n ticed. It m bilized them t react t real threats t their survival. It pushed them int keeping their children ut of harm s way. Anxiety 난 ius persi 양 ed 난 rrough evolution in a maj rity f the p pulati n because it was (and can be) an.adv 없 1 없 g 핸디 & hle-sa: 퍼팩 traj,~ 활흩률불안은수천년동안주변에존재해왔다진화심리학자들에따르면, 그것은생사 의오차범위가매우좁은상횡을우리조앙들이피하 는것을도와줄정도로적응력이있다. 불얀은시람들 의삶이야생의호랑이, 동굴의곰, 배고푼해 ] 에나, 들판을돌아다니는다른통물들뿐아니라, 또한적대 적이고경챙적인부족들로부터의위험에처할때사 람들에게경고해주었다. 컴계를유지하는것은고대 사람들이포식동물들과싸우거나, 적드로부터도망 치거나, 그자리에꼼짝않고있으면서 위장한것처 럼주변환경에섞여서눈에띄지않도록도와주었 다. 그것은그들로하여금생존에대한진정한위협 에반응하도록만들었다, 그것은조상들이계속해서 자신의지손들을위험이없는안전한곳에있게만들 었다. 그래서불안은? 협띨홈숨을 5 펙준는특캡이 었기 ( 특정일수있기 ) 때문에인구대다수의진회를 통해서지속되었다. 활톨률댐용이흰 [A 는 B 따 H 진쉴댄결성 ] 이글에서는 불안어 nxie이 를지칭하는표현이모든문장에쓰였다. A는 B다 에서 A가불안 (anxiety) 임을알수있으며, B에해당하는모든문장의서술어들을종합하면, 빈칸을추론할수있다. 즉, 모든문E떼 A에대해생존과관련된긍정적내용을서술하고있으므로빈ξ뻐 l는 이롭고목숨을구해주는특성 (an advantageous, lifesaving trait) 이가잠적절하다. I 파뭘꾀뎌 ~ G 샘존에불필요한것 불안은생존과밀접한관계가있다. 협동에위험한요인 경쟁사회에서피할수없는-- 인간진화의한특성 -- A 는 B다에서 B에해당하는셔술머들과의언결성을가져야효빠. 즉 B에해aar 는내용은 긍정적 인요소이어야한다는것이다. l인간진화의한특성 만으로는 긍정적 요소인지 부정적 요소인지단정하기어렵다. 부분일치 r.! 톱 I anxie 야불안, 근심, 걱정 be around 존재하다 ev1 lutionary 진화의 adaptive 적응력이있는 to the - extent that 하는만큼, 할정도로 ancestor 조.g avoid 피하다 the margin f ern r 오차범위 slim 적은, 얼마안되는 hyena 호리호리한 warn 경고하다 stalk 돌아다니다 landscape 지역, 풍경, 경치 h stile 적대적 인 compete 경쟁하다 t ibe 부족 alert 경겨 하는 ancient 고대의 predator 포식 ll, 포식동물 flee 도 E 쩌다, 달아나 Cf freeze 꼼짝않고있다움직이지많다 blend in ( 주변환경어 ) 섞이다 as if 마치 처럼 camouflage 위장하다 m bilizea to B A 가 B 하도록준비시키다, 돕다, 격려하다 threat 위협 SUNival 생존 push A int' B-ing A 가 B 하도 록강요하다 / 압박을가하드 rout of harm s way 피해를입지않게, 안전한 thus 따라서 persist 지속되다 evoluti n 진화의 maj1 rity 대다수 advantage us 01로운 life-saving 목숨을구히는 trait 특성.; j? f 현 ~~.;; 꽉 ;1.<t" 7.:0'.'J'AB' 댐 초늘 A 밤좋댐셀 r j 책 -

160 -(떨-정시를 -전-- -no -nu -Ih---회- - Many times I have n ticed coaches and parents ch se the vvr ng time t explain c ncepts to children. A perfect example of this is while 난ie children 앙e pla 피ng a game. As a coach, the nly time I would t빼 stra얻gy was 굶뇨벨 [~' g 많뇌e~ci너t r~it: 도qy_ey. This is because it is re려ly diffi띠t f r children t play and 밟en at the same time. I w uld nly say words f encouragement while the children were playing. y u might have seen a father watching his son playing a game in a field, yelling at him t point uthis eπ rs. The g 없 ne c ntinues t be played while the child is 따 ring t paγ attention t what his father is telling him. Children need to be able t concentrate n the task at hand. Children can play, r they can listen, but like ad띠.ts, it: s 려m st imp ssible f r them t do b th at nce. 짧꽤나는관 1 와부모탈 ] }o] 탬게갱뭘 을성명하는시간을잠못선택하는겪우를많이보았다. 이것의완벽한예시는아이들이경기중일때이다. 코치로서내가유일하게전략을얘기하는시간은탄잎 많뺨편치후였다. 이것은 }o] 들이경기히는것과듣는것을동시에히는것은정말어렵기때문이다. 아이들이경기중일때나는오직격려의말 ~' 을한다. 당신은아마경기중인아틀에게잘못을지적하면서소리를지르는아버지를본적이있을것이다, 꿰가자기아버지가하는말에집중하려고노력하는중에도경기는계속된다. 꿰들은당면괴쩌l 에집중할수있어야한다. 아이들은경기를하거나 ( 설명을 ) 들을수있지만어른들과마찬가지로 버들이폼시에두가지를하는것은거밀불감늪략단. 활훌률댄용이뢰 [A 는 B 태 첫문장 코치와부모들이아이들에게개염을설명히는시간을잘못선택히는경우를많이보았다는바꾸머말하자연, 아이들에게개념을설명하기에올바른시간이있다는것을암시효빠. 빈LID! 있는세번째문잠메서답을저씨하고있는데, 빈칸다음문장에서 이이들이경기히는것과듣는것을동시에하는것은정말어렵기때문 이라고하였으므로, 빈ξ뻐 는 타임이웃때나경기후 가들어갈것이라고추론할수있다. I 률필괴던 ~ D 선수들이경기중일때 -- 전략을이야기하기에좋은시간은 타임야웃이나경기후 이다. 선수들이응원을필요로할때-- 내가선수탤 게새로운기술을가르칠때 - 그가경기에집중하고있을때--경기중에 OfOJ들은경기에집중하는것과전략이해두가지를동시에할수없다. 반대개념 l얀톱l c neept 개념 strategy 전략 time-out 중간휴식 at the same time 동시에, 한번메, 효단간 - encouragement 격려 might have p.p. 야마 했을것이다 field 경기장 yell 소리치다 point ut 지적하다 pay a야ention to 메주의를기울이다 concentrate on 메집중하다 at hand 당먼한 at nce 동시에, 한번떼 166 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

161 실전 08 회 6 정답 l J hn w den, the great UCLA basketball coach wh pr duced 10 NCAA champi nship teams in 12 years during the 1960s and 1970s, perfectly exemplified the p 1wer f c nsistency. In the fascinating film d cumentary The UCLA Dynasty, ne player recalled, There was a way to do eveη버 ing. γ u could have taken UCLA pe ple wh played in 1955, 1965, 1970, and 1975: put them n the same team; and theyw uldha:γe been able t play with each other, instantly." Wooden ran his drills 뼈남l t?j,:e m Qtllc~ 뎌 lj.1) 1ver the c urse f three decades. Drills wi uld start and end like d ckw rk, 산ie same & 퍼s perf rmed befi re the national champi nship as at the beginning f the season s that, in the w1 rds fa star player, 'By the time the games came al ng, they i벼t became memorized e양libi디ons fb비liance. 짧렐 1960년대와 1970년대에걸쳐 12년간 10번의 NCAA 선수권대회우승 팀을만들어낸훌륭한 UCLA 농구감독인 J hn w den은윌괄절의위력의전혐을완벽히보여주었다. 밤ieUCLADyn잃ty 라는매우흥미로운다큐멘터리에서한선수는 모든것을하는방식이있었어요. 당신은 1955년, 1965 년, 1970년, 1975년에뛰었던 UCLA 선수들을데려와서같은팀에넣을수있었을거예요. 그러면그들은즉시함께경기를할수있었을겁니다. 라고회상했다. Wooden은그의 30년경력내내자신의훈련을져믿변청하쩌않퍼진행했다. 훈련은시계처럼정확하게시작하고끝났으며, 시즌의시작때했던것과높월할훌렬이전국선수권대회전에도진행되어서한스타선수의말에따르면, 그경기틀이시작되었을때, 그것들은바로탁월함의암기된발휘였다. 활 F 률 [ 적용이론 ] } [ 연결성 ] 때진술, 바꿔쓰개 I 편.!.! 뎌 ~ 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단구조로서, 원문제에떼는주제문인첫문장의핵심어 일관성 (consistenc이 이빈칸으로출제되었다. 1955년, 1965년, 1970년, 1975 년에뛰었던선수들을데려와서같은팀에넣어도즉시함께경기를할수 있으려면, 흔련방식이같을수밖메없다는것을알수있으며, 시계처럼정확하고동일한흔련을했다는연결성을통해빈ξ뻐 는꺼의변겸하지많고 ( 떠 re mod 퍼cations) 가가잠적절하다. consistency. 가 rare 뛰어난선수들과-+ 디많변f 전략으로--거의변형하지않는동일한흔련방식으로선수들을훈련시켰다 깅한지도력으로-- 무언가를해내는신뢰성므로 무관한내용 표뀔 exemplify 의전형을보여주다 consistence 일관성 fascinating 흥미로운, 매력적인 d cumentary 기 록윌영화 ), 다큐멘터리 recall 회생f다, 기억하다 instantly 즉시 un 진행하다 drill ( 반복 ) 훈련 rare 드문 m dification 변경 decade 십년 cl ckw rk 시겨I~ 탓 by the time 할무럽, 할때쯤 c meal ng 시작되다진행 하다 exhibition 발휘 brillianoe 닥월함. -뼈/

162 실전 09 호 l 1 Alth ugh trust may req 버 re a me 없 in 맹 i relati nship to satisfy its m re deman버ng analysts, it need n t require g d때 11. WhenAis a person and B is a b없ik, A may σustb to keep her m ney safe although she d es not imagine f r a m ment that the bank fe 1$c=:1vfil: 대 po eajo 뇨err, and she may well suspect that it w퍼잃seπ its interests at her expense when it gets a chance to imp se charges r manipulate interest rates. If A enters h spital and is ex없피ned bydoct r B, she may σust B's pr fessional expeπise and integrity even though B appears indifferent to her as a person. Until rel a다 :vely recen마 r indifference n the part f medical professi nals, r plain rudeness, was if anything regarded as a sign f trustw r난파iess: it implied the bjec더γity needed f r expeπise, and asseπed 바ie superior status that medical expeπise granted. 짧렘 l:ll 록신뢰가그것의더욱깎로운분석 가를만족시키기위해유의미한관계를요구할지라도, 그것은반드시호의를필요로하는것은아니다. A가사람이고 B가은행이라면4 A는비록그은행이調핸쩨따똘한마음을지니고있다고잠시도생각하지않고, 은행이수수료를부과하거나 l 자율을조정할기회를갖케되었을때그녀의비용 로은행의이익을확고히할것이라고의심할수도있지만그녀는 B가그녀의돈을안전하게관리한다는것을신뢰할것이다. 만약 A가병원에가서의사 B에게진찰을받는다면, 그녀는설령 B가그녀에게한사람으로서는무관심해보일지라도 B의전문적인지식과진실성을신뢰할것이다. 비교적최근까지의료전문가쪽에서의무관섬이나명백한무례함은오히려신뢰성의표시로여껴졌다. 그것은전문성에요구되는객관성을의미하였고, 의학전문성이부여한우월한지위를확고히했다. 짧웰엠횡밤댄체훼 [ 대립쐐 첫문장이주저 l 문이고, 보충설명문이두가지예시를 통해주제문에대한근거를제시하고있다. 첫문징처 럼 Although 를포함한양보절과주절로이루어져있는 경우에는무게중심이주절에있다. 따라서주제문은 그것은반드시호의를필요로하는것은아니다 {it need not require goodwill) 라고할수있다. 은행이호의는 없어도은행에돈을맡기는신뢰를쌓듯, 의사의무관심 과무례햄호의없는표현을재진술한것 ) 이의사에대 한신뢰성의표시로여겨진다는것이이글의중심내용 이다. 이글에서는은행과의사의공통점을비교하여주 제를서술히는전개방식을취하고있대대립쌍 ), 핵심머 goodwill(. 호의 ) 가 'feels warmlyi 와언결성을갖는다. I 파펄괴려하 l G] 어려움에처할것이다-- 신뢰를중요히커 간주한다 이자율을내린다一지문의 01지율(interest rates) 이라는어휘로오답을유도하고있다, 투자전문가를데리고있다-- 무관한내용 l 얀험 I 잃 tisfy 만족시키다 demanding 까다로운, 요구가심한 analyst 분석가 goo 뼈 호의 trust A to V A7~ V - 할것으로신뢰하다 fo a moment 잠시동안 feel warmly disposed to A A 를호의적으로생각하다 may well 충분히 할수있다 suspect 의심하다 assert 확고히하다, 당연하다 interest 이익, 이자 at one's expense 의부담 ( 비용 ) 으로 imp se 부과하다 charge 수수료, 요금 manipulate 조정하다 interest rates 이자율 expertise 전 문성, 전문적지식 integ ity 진실성 indifferent 무관심한 relative 뼈 교적, 상대적으로 on the part of A A 쭉펀 ) 에서 professi nal 전문가 plain 명백한 rudeness 무례함 if anything 오히려, 어느쪽인가하먼 regard Aas B A 를 B 로죠뚜 하다 trustw rthiness 신뢰성 imply 내포하다, 의미하다 objectivrty 객관성 superior 우월한 status 지위 grant 부여하다 168 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 ν,.

163 I 실전 09 호 l 2 정답. l What distinguishes recycling is n t its importance, but rather the ease with which 뼈찌du삶 can participate, and 뺑 헨Sψ 廠핵 ~ciu,c)_i! taken to pr mote the common good. γ u may C없e passionately ab ut the threat f g] b려 warming r the destructi n f the rain forests - but y u can t have an immediate effect n these problems that is perceptible t y urself r thers. The rain f rest salvati n truck doesn t make wee빼r pickups, let alone the clean 려r σuck. When a public pinion p 11 in 1990 asked pe ple what theγ had d ne in connecti n with envir nmental problems, 80 to 85% answered that they or their househ lds had participated in vari us aspects f re다rcling; n ther significant steps had been taken bγ a maj rity of respondents. Like the drunk 1 king f r his wallet under the lampp st, we may focus n re다rcling because it is where the immediate tasks are best illuminated. 활톨톨재훨 ; 용을특정짓는것은그것의중요성 1 아니라, 오히려개개인들이참여할수있 는용이성과공익을증진시키기위해행해질수있는팽홀판 f 댄섬 1 다. 여러분은지구온난화의위협이 나열대우림의파괴에대해열의에찬관심을보일지 도모른다. 그러나여러분은이런문제들에대해여러 분자신이나다른이들이인지할수있는즉각적인영 향을미치지못한다. 공기정화트럭은고 λf 하고, 열 대우림보호트럭이매주수거하러오지는않는다. 19.SD 년의여론조사가사람웹제그활 ] 환경문제 와관련히여무엇을했는지를물었을때, 80 85% 가 자신혹은자신의가정이다양한측면의재활용에참 여했다고답했무며, 응답자의대부분에의해서그외 의어떤중대한조치도취해지지않았다. 술멜쥔할 사람이가로퉁밑에서자신의지갑을찾는것과같 이우리는재활용이당연한과엽이가장잘드러나는 경움이기때문에그것에집중히는것일지도모른다. 활톨률댐용이흰 % 는 B 대 [ 언결성 ] 때진쉴 첫문잠을통해재활용을특징짓는두가지는용이성 (the ease) 과 --( 빈캔이다. 우리는지구온난화의위협이나 열대우림의파괴에대해즉각적인영효를미치는행동을 할수없는데, 그이유는용이성과 --( 빈칸 ) 에서벗어나 기때문이다. 아울러, 공기정화트럭은고사하고, 열대우 림보호트럭이매주수거하러오지도않는데, 이역시용이 성이나 --( 빈캔과거리가멀기때문이다. 가령, 재활용 수거트럭뻐주오는것은쉽게상상해볼수있다누구 나쉽게할수있는일이재활용이라는것이다 년의 여론조사에서 80 85% 가환경문제와관련해서재활용을 한다고했지묘 N 용이성과 --( 빈칸 )), 그밖의다른조치는 취하지않는다고하였다. 같은맥락에서마지막문장의술 취한사람이가로등불빛아래에서지갑을찾는것처럼용 이성과--( 빈칸 )), 우리가재활웹l 집중히는이유는즉 각적과업이가장잘드러나는경우 ( 용이성과 --( 빈칸 )) 이기때문이다. 특히마지막문장을통해이글의주제문이 재진술되고있음을알수있으며, 문단전체를통해반복되 는연결성으로빈 ξ 뻐 는 행동의가시성 이들어간다는것 을추론할수있다. 재활용같은경우개민들이침뼈하기쉽 고눈에보이는행동므로실천할수있다는것이다. I 륨뭘굉덩 ~ G 장기간의결과 보통의노력 - 문제에대한인식 환경친화적행동- 가정에서의재활용은환경친화적행동이라할수있다. 부분일치. 휩I distinguish 특징짓다, 구별of다 partic뼈te ---- 효뼈히다미sibiliψ 가시성 promote 증진시키다 common 공통의, 일반적인 g d OJ익 common g d 공익 passionately 열정적으로 immediate 즉각적인, 직접적인 effect 영향, 효과 peroeptible 감지할수있는 safvation 구제 pickup 수거!eta! ne 를고사하고 poll 여론조사 in connection with 와관련하며 sign삐cant 중대한 resp ndent 응답자 lamppost 가로등 immediate 당먼한 illuminate 비추다, 조명하다, 드러나다

164 실전 09 호 l 3 -- 끓칠 When we examine individual behavior and the impact of percepti n on that behavior, it is imp rtant t remember that people see what they either want t see r are tr려ned to see. Theref1 re, in terms of human relations, the manager must try fo= 퍼굶 r~ 강 i_d-$1 경뀔 c)i 활녕 鼠궐뀔oii- -_oli~ 길ll!Y. Ernpl ye않때파1밍y accept m없iagement s methods nly when they perceive th semeth ds to be in the empl yees best interests. Otherwise, they will res π to such perceptual traps as selective perception and stereotyping. F r example, Harvey Lester, a new em pl yee, has been having tr uble mastering his new i b. His boss, Lois, tells him that if he d es n t impr 1ve, she will have to let him go. Fee바1g that he is n the verge f being fired, Harvey quits. What L is saw as a mild warning designed t improve utput is interpreted as a threat resulting in a resignation. Each p따ty interpreted the ac뎌 n 버fferen바 y. 활훌 [ 연결셈 첫문장 사람들은그들이보고싶어하거나보도록훈 련받은것을본다가이글의주제이다. 빈칸 관리자는 ---- 노력해야한다. 의문장은주제와의연결성 에서추론할수있다. 먼저, 직원들은자신의이익에부합 효빠고, 인식할때만경영진의인식을받아들인다고하였 는데, 이는주제인 보고싶은것만본다 와연결성을갖 는다. 반대로만약자신들의이익과반대되는경우에는 선택적지각이나유형화같은지각적함점에의존할수 있다. 예를들어, 업무개선을위한매니저의충고는직 원에게는위협으로받 1 아들여지고, 그결과직원은사직을 하는데, 직원이자신마음대로선택적으로판딘하고유형 화시킨것에해당혼 f 다고할수있다. 그러므로관리자는 자신의입장에서가아닌직원의입장메서상황을봐매 F 할 필요가있다고할수있으므로 li!jzj 삐는 짙월왼휠설밑 식을이해하려고 가가장적절하다. 활흩률우리가개별적행동과그행동에인지가미치는영향을고찰할때, 사람들은그들 이보고싶어하거나보도록훈련받은것을본다는것 을기억히는것이중요하다. 그러므로, 인간관계의측면에서관리자는캠원뷔헐갚힐칩블 - 한해하혀퍼노력해야한다. 직원들은오로지경영진의방식이직 원들의최선의이익에부합한다고인식할때만그방 식을기꺼이받이들인다. 그렇지않 2 면, 그들은선 택적지각과유형화와같은지각적함정에의존할것 이다. 예를들어, 신입사원인 HarveγI 않 er 는자 신의새로운업무를숙련하는데어려움을겪고있 는중이다. 그의상사인띠 S 는만약그가개선되지 않는다면, 자신이그를내보내야할것이라고그에 게말한다. 자신이해고될상황에직면했다고느껴서 H 와 vey 는회사를그만둔다. Loi 한성과향상을위해 고안된가벼운경고라고간주했던것이사직을초래 한위협으로해석된것이다. 각당사 :A} 는그행동을 다르게해석한것이다. I 힘뭘꾀텅톨 ~ D 직원들의요구를만족시키려고 -- 직원의현실인식 을이해하는하나의조건이될수는있다. 당신이전달하고자하는것을명확히뜸 하려고 -+ 당 신이전달하고자하는것을밀하려하기보다는직원의 현실인식을이해하려고해야한다. 근로자들이기술을습득할수있도록독려하려고 직 E 때 서인간관계의중요성에대해말하려고 -- 무 관한내용! 얀뭘l the impact of Aon BA가 B어 미치는영향 percepti n 인식, 자각 willi매w 기꺼이 meth d 방식 i따ere하 -01익 otherwise 그렇지않으면 resort to 에의존하다 trap 함정 se님따ive 선택적인 stereotyping 유형화, 고정관념 haνe trouble ing 하는데어려움을겪다 master 숙달하다, 숙련하다 n theve띠e of 메직먼하여, 하기직전인 fire 해고하다 mild 가벼운, 온회한 output 성과 interpret A as B A를 B로해석하다 result in 약을초래하다 resignation 시직 party 당시자 70 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 탬론입문

165 실전 09 회 기 Research by Paul Slovic f Decisi n Research and 버e U띠γersiη f Oregon sh 1wsthatpe ple wh 없e therwise caring and would g ut of their way t help an ther individual bee me indifferent to the suffering of the masses. In one expe마nent, pe ple were given $5 t d nate t lessen hunger verseas. The first ch ice was t give the money t a partic띠ar child, R l강a, a seven-year- ld in M려 i. The sec nd choice was to help twenty- ne milli n hun밍r Afric없. The third choice was t help R kia, but as just ne f m와 iy victims of hunger. Can y u guess which choice was m st p p버ar? Sl vicrep rted that donati ns to the individual, R kia, were far greater than d natl ns t the sec nd choice, the statistical p rtrayal f the hunger crisis. That s not particularly surprising. But what is S끄prising, and some would say discouraging, is that ad버ng 난ie stati앞ical realities f the larger hunger pr blem t R kia s st1 ry sfw.ilic@ 핸 갤따 ed.th 흩 cqlj 납퍼 :it 퍼 n5_:foj~( 極 활흩률 Dec 회 n 않않없 ch 와 O 떠 g n 대학의 Paul Sl vie 의연구는다른경우에는동 정심이있고다른개인을돕는데발벗고나설사람 들이임반대중의고통에대해서는무꽉심해진다는 것을보여주고있다. 한실험에서사림들은해외의기 아를줄이는데기부하도록 5 달러를받았다. 첫번째 선택은 Mali 의일곱살 :"l'l 리 Rokia 라는특정 1 동에 게돈을주는것이었다. 두번째선택은이천백만의 굶주린아프리카사람들을도외주는것이었다. 세번 째선택은기아에허덕이는많은사람들중의그저한 사람 2 로서의 R kia 를톱는것이었다. 어떤선택을 가장많이할것이라고생각증 l 는개 SI 1vic 은 Rokia 라는개인에게하는기부가기아위기를통계적으로 묘사하는것인두번째선택에히는기부보다훨씬더 컸음을보여주었다. 그것은특별히놀랍지는않다. 그 러나놀랍고일부사람들이절망적이라고말할것같 은것은 R kia 의이야기에더커다란기아문제에대 한통계적현실을추가했을때 R9 썩헨 [ 대한전본챔장담등 I 출언들없탠는것이다. 짧렐엠용이뢰 ~[A 는 BC 뻐 l 훼 [ 연결셈 이글은실험결과와실험내용으로이루어진문단으로서, 실험결과가글의주제이다. 따라서실험결과가있는첫문장의 일반대중의고통에대해서는무관심해진다 를빈칸으로출제할수도있는데, 이문제에서는실험결과의구체적내용에해당히는마지막부분을빈칸으로출제한경우이다. Rokia라는특정개인에게의기부까이천백만의굶주린 or-프리카사람들을도와주는것보다훨씬큰것은첫문장의주제문과관련지어서일반대중의고통즉, 이천백만의굶주린아프리카사람들떼대해서는무관심해진다는것과연결성을갖는다. 그러므로 R kia의이야기메더커다란기아문제에대한통계적현실을추가하케되먼, 즉 Rokia의이야기에 일반대중의고통 을더하먼, R kia메대한기부가줄어들것으로추론할수있다. 따라서빈ξ뻐 Rokia메대한기부가상당히줄어들었다가기잠적절하다. I 를필괴텅 ~ G 대중의관심을꿀었다 실험내용과결과가대중의 관심을꿀었는지는알수없다. 우리가어려움떼처한 0 매 들어 대해알게해줬다 G 번해설참조. 우리들중일부가그 0 매 메대해동정심을느끼게했 다 그어느때보다도대중들의마음을움직여기부를하 게했다 무관한내용 렐룸를 otherwise 다른경우에는, 달리, 그렇 Al 않으먼 caring 동정심이있는, 배려히는 go out of one's way 발벗고나서다 indifferent 무관심한 suffering 고통 mass 대중 donate 기부하다 lessen 줄 이다 1verseas 해외에 victim 희생자 statistical 통계의 portrayal 묘사 disocuraging 절망적인 significantly 상 당히 in need 도움이필요한 perspective 관점 ; i 매마 31. 조은 A 밤좋은 E 댐 ; 젠耐

166 ~ 실전 09 호 l 5 In business sch l 벼 ey teach an approach t management decisions that is designed t γercome 따 natl 뼈 tendency 퍼핵때쐐 웰띠 l 뀔, whether r not it works. If an executive 와 엽 to examine a company p!icy, he r she f 뇨 st puts aside hatever has been done historically, and f cuses instead on what the p licγ should be. F 11 w the S없ne approach as y u examine h w y u sh uld 1 k, speak and act to best achieve y ur bjectives. Don t as밍me that there is some inherent value t the wayy u have always d ne 난 lings. Keep f cused n becoming the best y u can be, n t h w y u have always been. 짧렘경영대핵서는효과가있든없든간에픽합한것을꼬춘하고자하는우리의타 고난성향을극복하교 E 자고안된경영의사결정의한 방법을 7 년친다. 경영자가어떤회사정책을검토하 고싶 면, 그사람은입단과거에핵해져왔던것들 은어떤것이든제쳐두고, 대신그정책이어떤것이 어야히는가에집중한다. 당신이자신의목표를가 장잘달성하기위해서어떻게보이고, 말하고, 행통 해야할지검토할때, 이와똑같은방법을따르도록 해라. 팅진이힘 상해왔던방식에어떤고유한가치 가있다고여기지말라. 당신이늘존재해왔던박식 외 3 버란, 당신이이를수있는최고가되는것에계 속집중하도록해라. 활톨률엠용이뢰 [A 는 B 대 [ 연결성 ] 첫문E버 주제문으로서, 익숙한것을고수하고자하는우리의타고난성호를극복해야효 } 다가이글의중심내용이다. 익숙한것을고수히는것 은 당신이항상해왔던방식 당신이늘존재해왔던방식 과같은연결성에있음을알수있다. F II w -, Don t assume -, Keep focused 와같은명령문형식은작가의주장을표현해 I 흩멀꾀던 현재에집중하려는 - 우리가극복해야하는것은 익숙한것 즉, 과거의것으로생각할수있다. 과거의실수를검토하려는-- 미래에대한견해를소중히하는 -- 무관한내용 주는하나의도구라는것도알아둬야한다. l 얀톰 I business sch ol 경영대학원 approach 접근법 management 경영 de 디 sion 의챔정 designe 바 하도록고안된,vercome 극복하다 natu떼 tendency 타고난성향 cling t 흘고수하대매달리대 the familiar 익숙한것 whether r not 이든마니든 E뻐 work 효과가있다 executive 회사중역 examine 검토하다 c mpany policy 회사방침 put aside 옆으로치우다 whateve 무엇이든죠뻐 I historically 역사적으로 focus n 에 집중하다 instead 대신에 achieve 성취하다 bjective 목표 assume 가정하다 inherent 고유한, 내재적인, 필수적인 \ 172 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

167 ι실전 09 호 l 6 l c mpetition makes the world g r und. It is the engine f evolution and the f undati n f dem cracy. It pr1 mpts innovation, drives 밍 bal markets, and puts m ney in the p cket. Still, there are those τvh ha:γe argued 삼 iat c mpeti 더 on is a source f 밍 ril. They see competition in terms f destructiveness: they don t believe it s a constructiγe a 다 i 떠다 ' They 잃 seπ that c mpeti 디 on 뻐 S off m re pr social behaviors, such as c perati n 없 d respect. The assumption that competiti n is the pp site f c operation is missing som앉hing crucial. To compete, b th opponents ha:γe t c perate on the rules: there s a mutual agreement f c peration that g,vems 남 ie competiti n. As well, c mpe 다.tions are comm nly 없 nong te 와 ns: each individual needs t c perate with te 와 n members in rder t c mpete effectively. Healthy c mpetition 1c_::11{t h::tpp~ m 됐 \3tlt c 띠밸 r 때퍼 In faα, 남 ie h rmones that drive us to compete are the same h rm nes 난 iat drive us to c llaborate. 활톨률댐용이휩 [A 는 B 대때진쉴 [ 연결성 ] 짧렘경쟁은세상을굴러 7 때만든다그것은발전의원동력이며민주주 의의기반이다. 그것은혁신을촉구하며, 세계 시장을이끌고, 주머니에돈을벌어준다. 그 럼에도불구하고, 경쟁이악의원천이라고주 장해온사람들이있다. 그들은경챙을파괴성 의관점에서바라보는데, 그들은그것이건설 적인활동이라고믿지않는다. 그들은경쟁이 협력과존중같은더친사회적인행동들을몰 살시킨다고주장한다. 격잭이협력의적반대 라는가정은뭔가매우중요한점을놓치고있 담. 경쟁하기위해서는, 양쪽상대모두규칙에 협력해야한다. 즉, 경쟁을지배하는협력에대 한상호합의가있다는것매. 마챈 f 지로, 경챙은보통팀과팀사이에서도존재한다. 그 렇기때문에효과적으로경쟁하기위해서각 팀의개인은팀구성원들과협력해야할필요 가있다. 건강한경쟁은협활없덴젤퍼달춘 값만. 사실상, 우리로하여금경챙하도록이 끄는호르몬은우리를협력하도록이끄는호 르몬과똑같은호르무이다. 두번째줄, Still 앞까지는경쟁의긍정적역할에대해기술히고 있다. Still 은 그럼어 도불구하고 의양보를나타내는언결사이며, 그다음메는경쟁의부정적역할에대해기술하고있음을알 수있다. 다섯째줄, 경쟁이협력의정반대라는가정은뭔가매우 중요한점을놓치고있다 \rhe assumption that c mpetition is the opposite of cooperation is missing something crucial.) 라는문징은경쟁이협력의정반대가야니라는것을암시하고있 으며, OJ 후문장에서 효과적으로경쟁하기위해협력해야할필요가있다 라든지마지막문장의 무리로하여금경쟁하도록 OJ 끄는호르몬은우리를협력하도록이끄는호금몬과똑같은호르 몬이다 와같은내용을통해빈 ξ 뻐 는 협력없이일어날수없다 ( 떠 n t happen with ut cooperati n) 가가장적절하 er. I 힘뭘괴덩톨 a D 혁신을빌때한다 경쟁은혁신을촉구한다. 가치있는무엇인가를무시한다- 상대방을속이는행위이다 동반자관계와앙립할수없다-- 경쟁은협력없이일어날수없다. 반대개념 F 험 I competition 경쟁 evolution 진화 f undati n 기초 democracy 민주주의 prompt 촉진하다 in no 때 on 혁신 drive 이끌다 global 전세계적인 put A in B A 를 B 메넣다 still 그럼어 도불구하고 those who 하 는사람들 argue 주.:g 하다 evil 악 in terms of 의관점에서 destructiveness 파괴 canst uctive 건설적인 assert 주 E범 f다 kill off 몰살시키다 pn social 친사회적 cooperati n 협력 asslimpti n 가정 the opp site 정반대 miss 놀치 다 crucial 중요한 pp nent 경쟁자, 적수 mutual 서로간의 agreement 합의 g,vem J 지배하다 as well 마찬가지로, 또한 commonly 일반적으로흔히 effectively 효괴찍으로 happen 발쟁하다 drive 추진하다 collaborate 협력하다 - 끼 'Jt,~ ' PARTS~( 뿔펌좋은腦때薦 t

168 실전 10 호 l 1 The extraordinary exp 없 isi n f f d pr1 duction by aqu 敏따 ig h 잃 C me 極떤짧樞책뚫렐極펴흐 n:t 요 iid 빼 l 많磁핍. As \Vi.th industri 삶 ized agriculture, most commercial aquafarming relies n high energy and chemical inputs, including antibi tics and art퍼 ci려 feeds made fr m the wastes f p ul따r processing. Such pr duction practices tend to concentrate toxins in farmed fish, crea띠 ig a potential health threat to c nsumers. The discharge fo m fish farms, which can be equivalent t the sewage fr m a small ciψ, can pollute nearby natural aquatic ec systems. Around the tr pies, especially tropical Asia, the expansion of commercial shrimp farms is c ntributing t the 1 SS of highly bi diverse c astal m 없 gr 1ve f rests. 짧렘수산양식에의한식량생산의엄청난확대는환캘관핀친핀켈껑괜 ; 챈한폴펼 ~ 쩔짧웰딴왔다. 산업회된농업에서처럼, 대부분의상업적수산양식은높은에너지및화학 물질투입에의존하는데, 이는항생물질과가금 ( 류 ) 처리과정에서생긴찌꺼기로만들어진인공사 료를포함한다. 이러한생산관행은양식물고기익 대부에독소를농축시키는겸향이있고소비자들 에대한잠재적건강의위협을만틀어낸다. 양식 장에서의배출물은작은도시에서부터나온오물 과맞먹는데이는안근의자연수중생태계를오염 시킬수있다. 열대지방, 특히열대아시 1 에걸쳐 서, 상업적새우양식장의확장 1 매우다양한생 물이시는연안의맹그로브숲의상칠의원인이되 고있다 활톨률엠용이뢰 [A 는 BCD 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단구조에서주제문을 빈칸므로저 시한문제유형이다. 쇼법적수산양식은소비 자들메대한잠재적건강위협을만들어내고양식 ε 뻐 서 의배출물은수중생태계를오염시킬수있다는내용으로 환경과인간의건죠뻐l 대한높은대가가수반되어 라는빈칸 을추론할수있다. 륨옆굉던 1JI G) 생각없이많은물고기를잡는 해양샘물에대한수요가밑버써-- 바다의샘명체의다양성을잃지않고 디많받생물이사는연안의맹그로브숲의상실의원인이되고있다. 개발도상국가의음식부족때문에 무관한내용 l 안룰헬 l extra rdinary 엄청난, 비범한 expansion 확대, 팽창 production 생산 aquafarrning 수산양식 cost 대 - 가, 비용 environment 환경 as with 에서처럼 industrialized t 법화된 agriculture 농업 commercial 상 업적 rely on 메의존하다 chemical 화학적 input 투입 including 낙을포함하여 antibiotic 항샘제 artificial 인공적인 feed 사료 wastes 폐기물 p ultry 가금류 processing 처리, 가공 practice 관행 tend to-'bf 는경향이다 c ncent ate 농축시키다 t 1xin 독성물질 potential 잠재적인 equivalent t 와동등한 sewage 히수오물 p llute 오염시키다 nearby 근처의 aquatic 수줌으l ec system 생태계 tn pic 열대지역 especially 특히 tropical 열대의 commercial 상 업적인 shrimp 새우 farm 양식장 cont ibuteto 에공헌하다 highly 매우 biodiverse 다양한샘물이사는 coastal 언 안의, 해안가의 mangrove 멍그로브 74 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈 ξ 험론입문 -" ' - --

169 ( 실전 1 뚫 l 2 정답 CD l Traditi nally, m 따 ecologists assumed 삼 iat commw 때 nbi 전통적 로대부분의생태학자 stability - the ability of a commw 빼 to withstand - 는한군집이환경교랜 1 견디는 envir nmen 않 l 버 sturban 며 S - is a consequence f 능력인군집안정성이쌀집품짧짧의결과라헬썩뼈鐵찮鎭흥행많 That is, a communi 낀 wi 남 1 고추정했다. 즉, 츄퓨부도가높은군칩 1 c nsiderable species richness may fwiction better and be m re stable than a c mmunity with less species 디 chness. According to this view, the greater the spe 다 es richness, the less critically important any sin 밍 e species should be. 종풍부도가렬한군집보다더잘기능하고 더안정적일수있다. 이관점에의하면, 종의 풍부도가높을수록어떤하나의종은덜결 정적 로중요하게될것이다. 군집내있을 With many p ssible interactions within the communitj, 수있는많은상호작용덕분에, 어떤단하나 it 섭 unlikely that any single di 뾰 bance could affect 의교란이체계의많은구성요소에영향을 enough c mponents f the system to make a si 맑퍼 cant 버 fference in i 엽 functioning. 돼 dence for this hypothesis 미쳐그체계의기능에서중대한차 1 를가 져올수있을것같지는않다. 이가설의증거 includes the fact that desσuctive outbreaks of p않엽는파괴적인해층의발생이종풍부도가높 are more c mmon in cultivated fields, which are low- 은자연군집에서보다다양정이낮은군집인 diver 하디 r comm uni 따, than in natural communities with 경작지에서더흔하다는사실을포함한다. greater species richness. 짧렐댐용이뢰 [A 는 B 태 첫문장이주제문으로써, 주제문의일부를빈칸으로제시한문제유형이다. 그다음의연결사 That is( 즉는앞문짐을다시설명해주는 환언 을나타낸다는것을통해이문장이주제문을다시써주고있음을알수있다. 종풍부도가높은군집이더잘기능하고더안정적일수있다는것을통해빈a뻐 는 군집효표썰 을추론할수있다. 구체적예를보여주는마지막문장의 파고I적해충의발쟁이종풍부도가높은자언군집에서보다다양성이낮은군집인경작지에서더흔하다도연결선ε뻐 l 있음을알수있다. 지배적인종의규칙 - 개별종의역할- 어떤단일종의기며 적의침입에대한준비 -+ 무관한내용 l안훨i t떠 ditionally 전통적으로 ecologist 생태학자 oommunity 군집, 군락 stabiliψ 안정성 withstand 에견 디다 disturbance 교란 c nsequence 결과 oomplexiψ 복잡성 that is 즉, 다시말하면 considerable 상당한 species 종 richness 풍부함 functi[]n 기능하다 stab님안정적인 acoording t 에따르먼 critically 결정적으로 interacti n 상호작용 unlikely 할것같지많은 disturbance 교란 affect 영효멸주다디omponent 구성요소 significant 중요한 evidence 증거 hypothesis 가설 destructive 파괴적인 outbreak 발생, 발발 pest 해충 cultivated 경작되는 diversity 다양성

170 실전 10 호 l 3 T day it ften seems 썩궐펴짧鎭훨행짧鋼. When I τvake up, 남ie first 남ling I d is check mγ day planner, which remembers mγ schedule so that I d n t have to. When I climb inti my car, I enter my destination inti the GPS, wh se spatial memory supplants my own. When I sit d wn t rk, I pen up an teb kthath Ids the c ntents f my interγiews. N w, thanks t the Internet, I rarely ha γe to remember anything m re than the 'ri밟it set f search terms t access humankind s collective mem ry. Growing up, in the days when y u 엄n had t press seven buttons, or tum a clunky rot와γ dial, t m밟e a teleph ne call, I c uld recall the numbers f all my cl se friends and family. Todaγ, I mn tst 끄 e if I kn 1wm re than fourph ne numbers by heart. And that s pr bably m re 남ian m st people do. O따 gadge엽 eliminate the need t remember such 남lings. 활톨률오늘날홉환돈환컨명랜찮연 ] 캔평續똘철핏처렴보인다. 내가일어나서 맨먼저하는일은나의일일계획표를체크하는것 인데, 이것이나의일정을기억해주어서되뇨감 억할필요가없다. 냐는차에올라타면목적지를 GPS 장치에입력하는데, 그장치의콩간기역이 나의것 ( 기억 } 을밍어내고대신한다. 일하기위해 자리에앉으면나의인터뷰들에대한내용을담고 있는노트북을연다. 이제인터넷덕분에, 냐는인 류의공동체적기역에접속하기위해검잭단어를 적절히조합하는것이상으로어떤것을기억해야 할필요 ;} 거의없다. 사람들이전화를걸기위해 서여전히일곱개의버튼을눌러야했거나투박한 회전식전화다이얼을돌려야만했던시대에서자 랄때에는나는친한친구들과기족의전화번호들 을모두기억해낼수있었다. 오늘날나는내가네 개이상의전화번호들을외우고있는지잘모르겠 다. 그리고그것은 f 마대부분의사람들이기억하 는것보다더많을것이다. 우리가가진장치들이 그러한것들을기억할핍요를없앤다. 활톨률댐용이휩 [A 는 B 대 [ 연결성 ] 첫문장주제문의빈칸을채우는문제유형이다. 일정표, 차량의 GPS, 노트북과같은오늘날의기계죠떼들이우리들로하여금기억할필요를없앤다는것이글의중심내용이다, 나는기억할필요가없다, 나의것 ( 기억 ) 을밀어내고대신한다, 어떤것을기억해야할필요가거의없다, 우리가가진장치들이그러한것들을기억할필요를없앤다 의연결성을통해서보더라도빈a뻐 는 우리는기억히는것이거의없다 (weremembe very little) 가가장적절하다. 기술이빠르게발달혼 { 다 다른기계장치들이우리를대처l효H 각 -- 기계장치들이우리의기억을대체하고있다. 기억해야할것들이많이있다 기계징치가사람들이기억해야할것을대신해주고있다. 사람들 은어떤것을쉽게잊는다- 기계죠쩌때문에사람들이무엇인가를기억해야할필요성이사라져가고있다. 부분일치 l 얀훨 l planner 계획표 climb int 올라타다 enter 입력하다 destinati n 목적지 spatial 공간의 supplant 밀 ---- 어내다, 대신들어앉다 con 뾰 nt 내용 rarely 거의 않다 search term 검색단어 access 메접속하다 collective 집단적인 clunky 투뷰한 rotary dial 회전식전화다이얼 recall 기억하다 kn w A by heart A 를외우다 gadget;g 쩌 eliminate 없애다, 제거하다 ~--Y6< 훨 H 의기술시리초 I 독해의 ii 술빈칸추론입분

171 실전 10 호 정답 φ l When children are very y ung, y u first say n t proteα them fr m danger. γou say it because γ u 1 γe your child and because y u must teach him t pr tect himself. Just as sa 띠ng n is a to 1 t help ensure y ur child' s physical safety, it also c ntributes to his em ti nal security. When you set limits on y ur child' s behavior, whether it s telling a five-year-old he can t hit the baby r telling a teenager he can t stay out past midnight, you' re letting 바n know th와 fus_a~1:fol:is d며 t ha놔호딛n피 ~1~e:\i바 r~ He is c nnected t someone(y u)who watches and cares what he d es. 패l children need a safe space in which t g w and deve1 p. While it s a child' s nature t test 버e limits f that space, by climbing hi밟ier, venturing farther, or asking f r m re f what he wants, it s als c mf rting for him t know he is n t ut there al ne. 활훌률댐용이뢰 [ 대랍쌍신체적안전밍정서 적안정 ] N 라고밀 al 는것은 Or 이들의신체적안전과정서적안정 에기여효다가글의주제이다. 5 실짜리 0[ 이에게나 10 대아 이에게행동을제한하는것은그의행동이외부와고립되어 생겨나는것은마님을알려주고있다는것은, 네가뭘하는지 내가지려보고있음을알려주고있대정서적안정 ) 는돗으로 해석할수있다. 다음문짙뻐 서 그는자신이히는일을지켜 보고관심을가지는사람과연결되어있다는것은부모가아 이의를뽑을제한 al 는것 ( 자점이넘기전에집으로돌아오 t 야 해와같은것 ) 은쇠첸절오떨과부모님이나를걱정하고계 시는구나, 내가혼자가아니구나와같은절선절요펄을이 야기해주고있는것이다. 마지막문장 공간의한계를시험 해보는것은 DID/ 의본성인반먼, 그에게있어자신이저바 깥에홀로있지않음을마는것은위로가된다에서 whileoj 이끄는종속절은 쇠젠절요펌 에해당히고주절부분은 절선 점요펄 에해당한다. 글전체를다시정리하먼, 0[ 이들에게 N 라고 OJ 야기하는것은 신체적안전 과 정서적안정 에 기며할수있다는것이다. 빈 {!OJ 있는문자에서 WhenOJOJ 끄는부시절에는 씬체적안전 메관한이야기를하고있으므 로, 주절부분에는 정서적안정 에관한내용이필요하다는 것을추론할수있다. 따라서빈 ξ 삐는 φ 그의행동이외부 와고립되어생겨나는것은아니다 가적절하다. 활톨률 ~l 들이 뮤어릴때, 당신은그들을 위험에서보호하기위해먼저안된다 고말한다. 당신이그렇게말히는것은당신의아 이를사렁하기때문이고 } 이에게스스로를보호 하도록가프쳐야하기때문이다. 안된다고말하는 것이당신 1 어의신체적안전을보장하도록돕는 수단인것처럼, 그것은또한그의적서적 '?} 정에도 감염할단. 당신이아이의행동을제한할때, 5 살짜 리 꿰에게아기를때리면안된다고말핸또는 10 대에게지정 1 지나밖에머물면안된다고말 하든, 당신은그에게그뷔햄동깅 1 꽤분팩핏 i 웹되 O]. 팽겨년는것흩댄님을알려주고있는것이다. 그는 자신이하는일을지켜보고관심을가지는사람 당 신 과연결되어있다. 모든아이들은지라나고성 장할안전한공조띨필요로한다. 더높이기어오 르고, 위험을무릅쓰고더멀리가보고, 또는지신 이원하는것그이상을요구함무로써, 그공간의 한계를시험해보는것은아어의본성인반면, 그 에게있어지신 1 저바깔에훌로있지않음을아 늘정은위로가되기도한다. I 파멀꾀던 그는위험한행동으로다칠수도있다 -- 신체적안 정에대한미야기이다. 우리는그의신체적안전을걱정한다 -- 정서적안 정에관한내용이필요하다. 젊은이들은머른들의돌봄을필요로효 R 각 구체 적이지못하다. 감정적안정은신체적안전과언결되어있다 --- < 무관한내용 F 험 I P 띠 te 따보호따 just as 판문이 - ensure 보죠텀 f 디 rphysical 육체적 safety 안전 em 1ti nal 정서적 secu ity 안전 set limits on 한계를정하다 stay ut 부뻐 머물다, 집에안들어오 다 past 을지나 in a vacuum 외부와고립되머, 진 공상태에서 connected to 에언결되다 care 염려하 다 devel p 발전하다 nature 천성 venture 모험하다 farthe 더멀리 c mf, π1ng 편요범꺼 l 해주는

172 실전 10 회 5 정답. T n 와 ne is t call int existence - t call ut f n thingness, m: te French phil s pher Ge rges Gusdorf. Words giveγouato 1 to create h w y u perceive the world by nar 띠 ng and labeling what y u experience. γ u und ubtedly learned in your elementary science class 남 iat Sir Isaac Newt n disc vered gravity. It would be m re accurate to say that he labeled rather than discovered it Hls use of the w rd gra: 띠tγ gave USf;l_<;: 멜피y_e_ζ;?,t~fillIT; we now converse ab ut the pull of 버e e와th s forces that keeps us from fly 따 lg int space. w rds give us the symb lie vehicles t communicate our creati ns and discoveries t thers. 활룰률 명명등판것은존재를생겨나게랜것, 즉무 ( 觸에서불러내는것이다. 라고프랑스철학자 Ge rges Gusdorf가기술했다. 말은여러분이경험히는것어l 이름을붙이고범주화함으로써여러분이세상을인식히는방식을만들어내는수단을여러분에게제공해준다. 여러분은의심할여지없이 Isaac Newt n 경이중력을발견했다는것을초등학교과학수업에서배웠다. 그가그것을발견했다기보다는 범주화했다 고말하는것이더정확할것이다, 그의 중력 이라는단어의사용은우리에게민식볍뽑를제공해주었다. 즉, 우리가우주로날마가지못하도록막는지구의인력에관해우리는이제대화를나눈다. 말은다른사람들에게우리의창조물과발견을전달하는상징적인수단을우리에게제공해준다. 활훌률엠용이흰 때진쉴 I 힘뭘괴텅톨 :ti 프랑스철학자의말을인용한첫문징 Kl! 글의주제문으로 서 명명히는것은존재를생겨나게하는것, 즉무에서불 러내는것이다는 야무것도아닌것이존재5꺼 l 되는것 은 ηi 름 때문이다고해석할수있다. 다음문장은 OJ 렇 게말이라는것 ( 명명하는것 ) 은범주화함으로써선빌을 인식하는방식을만들어내논수탄을제곡해준다로요 G 새로운세계관 존재에대한감각 호기심의원천-- 과학지식 -- 무관한내용 익펠수있다. 빈칸문장은바로이문장을재진술한문장 으로써, l 중력 이라는말의사용은 범주화로, 세상을인 식하는방식 은 인식범주 로재진술되어있다.!! 톱 l call into existen 않존재때 5 빠 nothingness 무 ( 觸 philos pher 철학자 perceive 인식하다 label 범 주화하다 experience 경험하다 und ubtedly 틀림없이 elementary 기초 gravity 중력 accurate 정확한 rather than 라기보다는 disaste 재앙 c gnitive 인지의, 인식의 converse 대화하다 pull 인력 keep A from B-ing A 가 B 하지못하게하다 symb lic 상징적 vehicle 수단, 도구 78 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문.,.

173 I 실전 10 호 l 6 l Appl 짜 1g a sin 밍 e plan t every 난 ling can l?e 뼈趙戰최騙 om~ 뼈많띠띠 ic 혀. Perhapsy u remember the f lktale ab ut the lazy s n who gets SC lded by his m ther f r losing the money he received as payment f 노 m a farmer. Next time y u get paid, his m ther says sternly, be sure t carry it home in y ur p cket. But the f 11 wing day the b y g es t w rk f r a dairy farmer, who pays him with a pail of milk instead f money. Anxi us n t t 없 ger his m ther, the b y dutif 띠 ly pours the milk int his pocket. Alth u 맹 his mother s plan was g d it c uld w rk only when used in 버e π밟1t circumstance. The S 없 ne idea applies t y ur 양 udy plans. F r example, writing ut γ ur notes in full sentences makes sense if the g al is t 앉 udy a textb k. But if y u used the S 밍 ne plan f r taking lecture n tes, y u dm 1ve s sl 1wlythaty u dmiss m st f what the instruct r said. The secret is t find a plan that fits y ur g al. 활룰률단하나의계획을모든것에적용핸것은비효훌철아고땐로릎우츄활휴혀풀 r 순없 :=t: 아마도여러분은농부에게서지불받은돈을잃 어버려서어머니에게혼이나는태만한아들에관한 민담을기역할것이다. 꾀음어l 일한대가를받을때 는반드시그것을네주머니에넣어서집에가져와 라. 라고어머니는엄격하게말한다. 그러나다음날 그소년은낙농업농부에게일하러가지만그는돈대 신에우유한통으로지불해준다. 어머니를화나게하 지않기를간절히바란그소년은충실하게우유를자 신의주머니에쏟아붓는다. 어머니의계획은훌륭했 으나그것은제때에쓰일때만효과가있을수있다. 똑같은개념이여러분의학습계획에도적용된다. 예 를들어, 목표가교과서를공부히는것이라면완전한 문장으로필기를히는것은이치에맞다. 그러나여 러분이강의필기를위해똑같은계획을사용한다면, 여러분은너무나속도가느려서강사가말한것의대 부분을놓칠것이다. 비결은여러분의목표에맞는계 획을찾는것이다. 활훌률댐용이뢰一 % 는 sqj 첫문장주저 문의빈킨별채우는문제유형이다. 밀한대 7f를닙밑시주머니메넣어가져오라 는어머니의말에돈대신급여로받은우뮤를주머니메쏟은이들의일화를통해빈ξ뻐 l는 비효율적이고때로논우스광스러울수있다 를추론할수있다. 나아가어머니의계획 ( 밀한대가를반드시주머니에넣어가져오라띈 제때메쓰일때만효과가있을수있다는것은후반부에제시된예를통해파악할수있다. 즉, 필기를할때에교과서를공부하는것과강의를필기히는것에는서로다른목표이기때문에서로다른학습계획이적용되어야효빠는것이다. I 파펄꾀덩 ~ G 당신의일을지속적으로하도록도와준다 -- 하나의계획을모든일에적용히는것은비효율적이고때때로우스팡스러울수있다는것이이글의주제이다. < 당신의목표를달성히는데도움이된다 --φ번해설참조. 매 들이부지런하도록한다 -} 무관한내용 흑뺑들을나쁜습관에빠트린다 - 무관한내용 l 얀를 l apply A to B A 를 B 에적용하다 ine 麻 1ent 비효율적인 com 때 웃기는 f lktale 민담 la 낀게으른 scold 야단치다 payment 지급받은돈, 보상 sentence 문장 make sense 이치에맞다 goal 목표 lecture 강의 instructor 강사 fit. 쩨맞게만들다 anxious to- 히길간절히 l:lf 라는 ange 를화나게하다 dutifully 성실 5 써, 충실 E 깨 pou 붓다 circumstance 환경 apply to 메적용되다 sternly 엄격하커l the f llowing 다음의 dairy 낙농업 a pail 한통 - - PAR! 경 :i 청월網좋은輝 - ~

174 When y u are stressed ut, y u may n t even realize all of the ways in which your mind and b dy are affected. H ;vever, y u can easily rec gnize 퍼 s~6-oj 퍼흐려 on:~- 6 빡뺑챔웰파 'arlcl_ 펴뀔퍼핵, if y u $ p and think ab ut a time when y ur mem ry failed because y u were 1verly 없 lxious. F r example, y ur b ss suddenly asks y u f r a key fact r number during a big, highly anticipated mee따 lg. Y u freeze up and can t remember it even m u맹 y u knew it well 난ie night bef, re. But if a co-w1 rker asks y u the same question while passing in the hall, you easily recall the inf rmation and immediately provide the right answer. Reducing sσess and tensi n w 퍼 help y u impr' ve y ur mem, η dr 없 na 디 cally. J 따 t by m 려 nt: 려띠 ng a c 마 n, f cused attitude toward whatever y u are doing, y u will be able t reduce the negative effects f intense anxiety s y u canperf rm at y ur b 않 C 짧렘당신 1 스트레스를받을때, 짧은아 마당신의정신과몸이영향을받고있 는그모든방식에대해알아자리지도못할수있 다. 하지만, 잠시일을멈추고딩진이지나치게 걱정해서기억이잘나지않았던때를생각해본 다면, 당신은챈평콰 - 기엌사이의젠려한관계를 쉽게알수있을것이다. 예를들면, 중요하면서 도이주고대하던회의동안에당신의상사가갑 자기핵심적인사실이나수치를물어본다, 딩진은 설령그전날밤에는그것을잘알고있었다하더 라도얼어붙어서그것을기억할수없다. 하지만 > 만약통료가복도를지나가며당신에게똑같은 질문을하면, 당신은쉽게그정보를기억해내고 즉시올비른대탑을한다. 스트레스와긴작을줌 이는것이탕신의기억을극적으로학상시키는데 도움이될컷이다 - 당신이무엇을하고있든지그 것에대해단지침착하고집중된태도를유지함 로써, 당신은심한긴장무로인한부정적인영향 을줄일수있을것이고그래서최상의상태에서 일을해낼수있을것이다. 활톨률댐용이흰 % 는 B 대 첫문장, 스트레스를받을때, 정신과몸이영향을받고있는그모든방식에대해알O태f리지못할수도있다와두번째문장의언결사 Howeve 를통해빈ξ뻐 는 스트레스가우리정신과몸에영향을미치는내용 이들어갈것이라고추론할수있다. F example OJ하에서회의동요삐상사가갑자기질문을하게되면얼어붙어서그것을기억못하다가도동료가복도에서똑같은질문을하면기억을한다는것에서스트레스와기억사이의연관섣을파익할수있다. 스트레스와긴장을줄이는것이당신의기억을극적으로향상시키는데도움이될것이다 와 l침칙하고집중된태도를뮤지함으로써, 심한긴장으로인한부정적인영흥떨줄일수있을것이고최상의상태에서일을해낼수있다는내용으로빈E뻐 I는 길잘과기억사이의이러한관계 가적절하다. I 렐펼꾀뎌 긴장은당신의능력에료때가된다 -- 긴 E 버 나 스트레스를받으면업무수행에영효떨미친다. 능력에농 해가된다 는내용이지나치게포괄적이 다. 당신은스트레스를료띤면수행에어려움을겪는 er-< 당신의기억이항 ; 상활성화되는것이아닌이유 - 스트레스를받을때는얼어붙어서기억나지않는 일이있다. 간부들은때때로여 I~ 탓 못한질문을효 H 二 r- < 부분일치 r.! 험 I stressed ut 스트러 l 스를받은 re cog 미 ze 인식하다 c nnection 연관관계 tensi n 긴장 1verly 지나 ;i:j 게 - anxi us 걱정하는 freeze up 멀어버리다 even th ugh 비록 일지라도 co-w rke 직장동료 ecall 기억 하다 immediately 즉시 reduce 줄 OJ 다 improve 향상시키다 dramatically 극적으로 maintain 유지하다 calm 침착한 attitude 태도 negβtive 부정적인 effect 180 독해의기술시리즈 I 독해의기술빈칸추론입문 ι

175 실전 11 회 2 키 Throughout hist ry, pe ple have 밟빼활a 권핵뼈鎭腦鎭顧쉰짧택. Centuries ag, the Duke f Tuscany imposed a t없 on salt. Tuscan bakers resp nded by eliminating salt in their recipes and gi찌ng us the delici us Tuscan bread we enj y today. If you visit Amsterdam, γ u will notice that 허m st all the old houses are narr w and tall. They were constructed that way to minimize pr peπy 않xes, which were based n the width of a house. Consider another architectural example, the inventi n of the mansard r f in Fr없ce.Pr peπy taxes were often imp sed nthenumber fr ms in a house and theref1 re, r ms on the sec nd r third fl rwere c nsidered just as ratable as those n the ground R r. But if a mansard roof was c nstructed n the 뼈d R r, th se rooms were considered t be p따라 an attic and n t 떠xed 활흩률전역 λ 때걸쳐사람들은챔펀鋼찬휩헬웰뚫鋼훨활뺀첼쩌혔탬. 몇 세기전에, 토스카나의공작은소금에세금을부과 했다. 토스카나의제빵업자들은그들의족뢰벌멈죄 소금을없애고우리가오늘날즐겨먹는토스카나 의맛있는빵을우리에게선사히는것으로응수했 다. 여러분야암스테르담을방문한다면, 여러분은 오래된집들이모두거의다좁고높다는것을알아 첼것이다. 그것들은재산세를최소화하기위해서 그런식 로건축되었는데, 이 ( 재산세 ) 는집의폭을 근거로한것이었다. 또다른건축사례인, 프랑스 의망사르드지붕의발명을생각해보자. 재산세는흔히집에있는방의개수에부과되었고, 따라서 2 층이나 3 층에있는방들도 l 층에있는빙들처럼과 세할수있는것 로여겨졌다. 그러나 3 층에망사 르드지붕이만틀어지면, 그빙들은다락방의일부 로간주되었고과세되지않았다. 斷렐댐용이뢰 [A 는 B 대 주제문과보충설명문으로이루어진문단구조로서, 주제문인첫문E뻐 l 빈ξ매 l 제시된유형이다. 토스카나공작이소금메세금을부과한것에대한반응으로제빵업자들은조리법에서소금을없댔고, 제산세를최소화하기위해암스테르담의건축은좁고높게지어졌으며, 프랑스인들은방의개수를줄이는식므로건축을지었다는내용으로볼때, 빈ξ뻐 는 l서 l금을피하기위해그들의행동을바꾸었다가가장적절하다. I 렐펄꾀린 ~ G 세금을지불할방법을찾았다 세금을피하기위해그들의행동을바꿨다. 건축에관심이있었다 소맴써 금을부과한것에대한반응으로, 빵조리법에서소금을없댔다. 세금을부과하는것에긍정적으로대응했다--서 금을피하기위한행동들은세금부과히는것에긍정적으로행동한것이라고단정하기어렵다. 무관한내용 l얀톰i canst uct 짓다, 구성빡 minimize 최소화하다 property taxes 쩨세 wi바h 너 l:ll through ut 을통 틀머 behavi r 행동 avoid 피하다 impose 부과하다 bake 제빵사 resp nd 반응하다 eliminate 제거하다 recipe 조리법 delici us 맛있는 architectural 건축의 therefore 그러므로 narrow 폭이좁은 ratable 과세할수있는 attic 다락방 gn und floor 일층

176 실전 11 회 3 Asanexpeπ in the area f neuroeconomlcs, Baba Shiv carried ut a f없 l떠stic experiment. He thou밟 it that co gr때ve load' (having lots to hold in your head - a situation m st professionals find themselves in) might influence self-control. He gave half his volunteers a twodigit number to remember (representing a low cognitive l ad) and gave the other half a seven-digit number (a hi맹 l ad). The γolunteers were 남ien t ld t w빼 to an ther r om in the building and in so d ing pass a table where they had to choose between choc late cake (hi야 fat and sugary food) or h띠t s떠ad (low fat and nuσitious food). Of the people with the high l ad 59 percent pted for cake whereas nly 37 percent f thepe ple with the low load did. Shiv thinks that remembering seven numbers required cognitive resources that had to come from somewhere, andin 난lis case were taken from our ability to control our urges! Anatomically this is reasonable because working mem ry (where we 앉 re the seven r tw number하 and self-control are both located in the same part of our brain. The brain cells that w uld normally be helping us make healthy food choices were otherwise engaged in remembering seven numbers. In those instances we have to rely on,q1jl!j1qr르 fr.npjl4>iy; 닫t;!I]J() 텅 펴, such as Mmmm yummy! Choc late cake please. 짧렐템용이뢰 [ 언결성 ] 델험 / 연귀 실험 / 연구가인용된글 ( 에서는실험의배경이나가설에빈 ξfoi 위치하거나결과또는결론부분에위치할수있는데, 위문제 는결론부분에빈칸을출제한경우이다. 가설은 인지부하가 자제력에영향을줄수있을것이다이며, 실험내용은두자릿 수와일곱자리숫자를각각기억하게한후, 밤을옮기는중간 에초콜릿케이크와과일셀러드중에서하나를선택하는것이 었다. 실험결과인지부하가낮은사람들의 37% 가케이크를 선택했고, 높은민지부하상태의사람들은 59% 가케이크를 선택했다. 이실험결과를통해유추해보건데, 높은인지부하 상태에서는건댐l 더좋은과일셀러드를생각할여유가없 이 좀더춤독적감점틀 (ou more imoulsive emotions) 어 의지했음을알수있다. 따라서빈 ξ 뻐 l 가가장적절하다. 활룰률신경경제학분야전뭔념서, B 메 a Shiv- 는기발한실힘을했다. 그는 ( 대 부분의전문직종사자들이자신들이처해있는, 즉머릿속에기억해야할많은것이있는상황인 인지부략가아마도자제력에영향을줄수있 을것이라고생각했다. 그는절반의지원자들에게 ( 낮은인지부협나타내는 ) 두자리숫 '7.r 를기억 하도록제시했고, 나머지절반에게는 ( 인지부하 가높은 ) 일곱자리숫자를제시했다. 그러고나 서지원자들은건물의다른밤무로건너갈것을 지시받았고도혐l 초콜릿케이크 ( 고지방의달콤 한음식 ) 또는과일생러드 ( 저지방의영잉카있는 음식 ) 중에서선택을해야만하는테이블을지나 가도록지시받았다. 낮은부하상태의사람들은 단지 37% 가케이크를선택한반면, 높은부하상 태의사람들중에는 59% 가케이크를선택했다. Shiv 는일곱자리숫자를기억하는것은어딘 7 뼈 l 서나와야하는인지적자원을필요로했고, 이경 우에는우리의충폼을통제히는능력으로부터가 져왔다고생각한다! 해부학적 로이러한생각은 ( 우리가일곱자리또는두자리숫자를 저장하는 ) 작업기억과자제력이모두우리뇌의같은부분에 위치해있기때문에이치에맞다. 보통은우리가 건강에좋은음식을선택하도록도와주었을뇌세 포들 l 여느때와다르게일곱자리숫 '7.r를기억하 는데관여했던것이다. 그러한경우우리는 음맛 있겠군! 초콜릿케이크주세요. 와같은좀더출폼 f 적잎감정들에의지해야만하는것이다. I 파옆꾀덩잉 l D 인지부하가낮은사람들 인지부히카높은상 태에서는다른생각을할만한겨를이없기때문 에충동적감정들에의지할수밖에없다 부분 일치, 우리가먹고싶어하는맛 -- 먹고싶어하는맛 과 충동적감정들 사이의인과관계는알수없 다. 다른피실험자들의조언 우리의자연스런인지능력 무관한내용 r.! 룰켠l expert 전문가 neuroeo nomics 신경경제학 carry out 행하다 fantastic 멋진 load 짐 situation 상황 - pn 1fessional 전문직업가 self control 자제력 tvv digit 두자리수 nut itious 영양가가높은 res urce 자원 urge 욕구, 충동 anat1 mically 해부학적으로 re as nable 합리적인 l cated in 에위치한 otherwise 여느때와다르게 engage in 에종λf하다, 을하다 instance 경우, 사례 rely on 의존하다 impulsive 충동적인 yummy 맛있는 182 독해의기술시리즈 I 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

177 The 떼 tural ideas spread by empire were 벨 ciom 뻐양퍼웹 g 함 ea 삼 9ilof 뻐퍼 illie 뼈. Since the imperial visi n tends t be universal and inclusive, it was rel 따 iγely easy f r imperial elites t ad pt ideas, norms, and traditions from wherever they found them, rather than t 때ck to a single rigid tradi다 n. While s me emperors sought to purify 남 ieir cultures and return t what they viewed as their roots, for them st part empires have pr duced hybrid civilizations that abs rbed much from their subject peoples. The imperial culture f Rome as Greek almost as much as R man. Imperial Mongol.tlture was a Chinese copycat. In the imperial United States, an American president f Keny 와 1 bl d can eat I 않 lian pizza while watching his faγ rite film, Lawrence of Arabia, a Bri뎌sh epic ab ut the Arab rebelli n against the Turks. 활톨톨제국 ~ 의해확산된문회적 λ 냄들은때위 -~D 밴츰함흠점헬짧철물딴 :~1~ 댔다. 제국의시각은보면적이고포괄적인경향이 있기때문에, 제국의지배층이사상, 규범, 그리고 전통을그들이그것틀을밤견한어떤콧으로부터 든지채택하는것이오히려단하나의완고한전 통을고수하기보디는삭대적 로쉬웠다. 일부황 제들은그들의문회를순회시키고그들의뿌리라 고여겼던것으로회귀하는것을추구했지만, 돼보 분제국들은피지배민족들로부터많은것을흡수 한합성의문명을만들어왔다. 로마의제국문화 는로마식못지않게그리스식이었다. 몽고제국문 화는중국의복사꼭만이었다. 미제국에서, 케냐혈 통의미국대통령은투르크족에대헝승 } 는아랍인 들의반란에대한영국의서사시인 Lawrence f Arabia 라는자신 1 가장좋아승 } 는영회를보면서 이탈리아피자를먹을수있다. 짧렐댐용이훤 % 는 B 대 [ 연결셈때진쉴 첫문장이주제문으로써, 주제문에빈t_!-OJ 있는문제유형이 다. 이주제문은다음문장 그것를시상, 규범, 전통털발건 한어떤곳으로부터든지채택하는것이상대적으로쉬웠다, 와 대부분제국들은피지배민족들로부터많은것을릅수 한합성의문명을만들어왔다를통해빈 ξ 단을추론할수있 으며, 구체적인예들 로마제국문화는로마식못지않게그 리스식이었다등등을통해볼때, 빈 ξ 뻐 l 는 건뢰죄뽀출잎 독점적찬조물이아니었다가가장적절하다. 흙펄끓 주로저택엘리트탱 의해이루머졌다 엄격한전통과관습메뿌리를두고있다 단하 나의완고한전통을고수하기보다더쉬웠다. 반 피지배민족들을완전히배제했다 - 대부분저 l 국 들은피지배민족들로부터많은것을흘수한합성 의문명을만들어왔다. 많은다른이웃국가들어 의해채택되었다 저 국 이피지배민족들의문회를흘수하였다, 반대개념 F험I spread by 에의해확산된, 퍼진 empire 뿜, 저벅 seld m 좀처럼 아니다 exclusive 독점적인. creation 창조물 ruling elite 지배계층엘리트 imperial 제국의 universal 보편적인 inclusive 포괄적인 relatively 상대적으로 ad pt 채택하다, 선택하다 stick to 을고수하다 rigid 완고한 em pen r 황제 purify 순화시키다 civilization 문명 SU비ect 지배를받는 c pycat 모빌텀 t는사람, 흉내쟁이 epic 서샤시 rebellion 반란 PARf8l

178 실전 11 호 l 5 Changing our food habits is ne fthe hard 않 t 난 lings we can d, because the impulses g 1verr 파 ig our preferences are ften hidden, even from urselves. And yet 웰 u 행용辦鋼뿔뿔繼때輝鍵뿔 We d it all the time. Were 삼 lis n t the case, the food c mp 없꾀 es that launch new pr, ducts each γear w ul4 be wasting their m ney. After 남 ie f 려 l of the Ber 교 i Wall, h usewivesfr me 잃 t and West Germany tried each ther s f d pro duαs for the first 따 ne in decades. It didn t take long for th se fr m the East to realize 버 at theγ preferred Western y 맹.rrt t their 'Wn. Equ빼, 난iose from 난ie West discovered a 파따ig for the h ney and vanilla wafer biscuits of the East. Fr m both sides f the wall, these German h usewives sh 'wed a remarkable flexibility in their f d preferences. 활흩률우리의식습관을뺀것은뛰가할수있는가장어려운일들중의하 나인데, 이는우리의선호를지빼 } 는욕구가심 지어우리자신에게조차종종숨어있기때문이 다. 하지만 변편띤폈을펼는젠흘종청한灣훌훨횡擊월 fl~\7-}; 듭한탬. 우리는항상그렇게 한다. 이것이사실이아니라면, 매년새로운제 품을출시히는식품회사들은그들의돈을냥비 하고있는셈일것이다. 베를린장벽이무너진후 에, 동독과서독의주부들은수십년만에처음드 로서로의식품을먹어보았다. 통독의주부들이 자신의요구르트보다서독의요구르트를선호한 다는것을깨닫는것은오래걸리지않았다. 똑 같이, 서독의주부들은동독의꿀과바닐라웨이 퍼비스킷을좋아한다는것을깨달았다. 베를린 장벽의양쪽에서, 이독일주부들은그들의음식 선호에있어서놀랄만한유연성을보여주었다. 활훌률댐용이뢰 [ 연결셈 [ 닮 + 반박째 l 시띈게 ] 첫문장에서우리의식습관을바꾸는것이매우머려움을기술하고있다. 두번째문장 And yet은전환점을나타내는표시로, 앞문장떼대한반대를표현하고자할때사용하는것임을알고있다먼, 빈a별쉽게해결할수있다. 즉, 앞문장과반대이야기인 여러분이무엇을먹는지를조정하는것은완전린l빌흐딴 가료반묘을알수있다. 구체적인예시부분에서도동독과서독주부들이상대편의음식을좋아히는융통성을발휘한다는사실을통해써도빈ξ단을해결할수있다. 첫문장의 changing은빈칸의 a예usting, 마지막문장의 fie씨 bility와언결성을갖는다. I 를펄꾀덩 ~ G 숨은선호를발견하는것은어렵지많다--우리의선호를지배하는충동이종종숨어있다. 우리의의지로우리는음식습관을바꿀수있다 -- 우리의충동을막는것은우리의본능을거스른다 음식회사는우리의음식선호를찾으려한다 음식회사에관한언급은없다 무관한내용 E 룰 I impulse 욕구, 충동 govern 지배하다 preference 선호 adjust 조정하다 entirely 완전히 launch 출시하다 in decades 수십년 E 뻐 equally 똑같 01, 동일하게 remarkable 놀랄만한 flexibility 유언성 ~8k 쪽해의기솔시리즈 l 독해의

179 실전 11 호 l 6 기 Life is a balancing act, and so is our sense of m rality. Research suggests that when we view urselves as m rally deficient in ne P 따 t f ur lives, we search for moral acti ns that will balance ut the scale. Maybe y u know γ u should be recycling but just never get around t gathering up y ur 밍ass, paper, and pl앓뎌cs in time f r 난ie re 디 7 따 ig truck. One day you happen t bew 머핍 ng thr ugh a hardware store and n tice a rack f energyefficient li밟lt b띠bs, and y u m양와itly decide t buy twenty of them and change out every b 버 b in your house. 깐 ie m ral deficiency (not recyclir 때 is, in your view, balanced bγ a m r 려 ac 더 n (inst 려파 ig energyefficient b 버 bs). The pr, blem is 삼 iat the seesaw can 려 s 다 p the ther way: If we believe we are d ing en ugh, m rally speaking, then l;f):~, 웰 lli;lit 한헐 g 펴 :Qt 려 ±l:lc:l_re:the scale is already leγel. 활훌률인생은균형을맞추는행위 벼우리의도덕심도그러하다. 연구는우리가 스스로를우리삶의한부분에서도덕적으로부족 하다고간주할때, 저울의균형을맞출도덕적행 폼을찾는다는점을시사한다. 아마도당신은재활 용을해야한다는것은알지만재활용수거트럭이 올시간에맞춰유리, 종이, 그리고플라스틱을모 무는데는전혀시간을내지않을것이다. 어느날 당신은우연히철물점을돌아보면서에너지효율 이좋은백열전구가있는선반을발견하고, 즉시 백열전구 20 개를사기로결정해서집에있는모든 전구를바꾼다. 도덕성부족 ( 재활용하지않기 ) 은, 당신의관점에서, 도덕적행위 ( 에너지효율이좋은 전구를설치하기 ) 에의해균형이맞춰진다. 문제는 시소가다른방향으로도기울어질수있다는것이 다. 만약우리가, 도덕적무로말해서, 충분히하고 있다고믿으면, 그이장을할만윤간커의없다. 저 울은이미순펼쇠램으 I!: 죠. 활톨률 [ 적용이론 ] ~[A 는 B 대 [ 연결성 1 I 파펄꾀뎌잉 l G 도덕적행동이달성된다 -+ 빈칸다음 저울은이미수평상태이다 를통해저울이어느쪽으로도기울어지지않는상태이기때문에더 첫문E버 주제문으로서, 인생이균형을맞추는행위이고, 도덕심도그러하다. 가글의주제이다. 비꾸어말하먼, 도덕심도균형을맞추는행위라는것이다, 도덕적으로부족할때, 균형을맞추기위해도덕적행동을찾는다하였다. 만약도덕적으로충분히하고있다먼저울의추를맞추기위해 그이상을할이유가거의없는데 왜냐하먼저울이이미수평상태이기때문이다. 이상머떤도덕적행위를할필요가없다는말이빈ξ뻐 l 적절하다. 우리의선행을감소시킬필요가있다 도덕성부족이거의없다--도덕적행위를충분히한다고해서도덕성부족이거의없다고단정지을수없다. 즉, 에너지효율이좋은전구로교환한행위는도덕적행위가운데하L뻐 불과할뿐이지, 우리는도덕적행동을찾는경흔h 이있다 OJ 미도덕적저울의수평 이맞춰져있기때문에도덕적행동을찾지않을것이다. 반대개념 E 톱를 balance 균형을맞추다 m rality 도덕 m rally 도덕적으로 deficient 부족한 scale 저울 get around t 할시간을내다 rack 선반 energy-efficient 에너지효율이좋은 instantly 즉시 seesaw 시소 m ralν speaking 도덕적으로말해서 level 수평인 ' -- - PARTSJ 초한탬좋은해활쐐 5

180 실전 12 호 l 1 πie gap between the reality f nline life and how we experience it prevents urdisαlssi n f Internet priva 다 r. Consider . Pe ple know is n t private. And yet many w 퍼 use em 떠 1, at least s metimes, f r intimate coπesp ndence. Over decades, I have asked why. The answer is always the S 없 ne: When y u 양 are at a screen, y u feel c mpletely al ne. That sense f being alone with the person to wh m y u 없e writing - as th u밟l y u were the nlytw pe ple in the w rld- ft~ 끄 Plo매찔 Qll_t 뀐r.h::i.t~ you.kn9w to :he! t.!1jj?. can be seen; it w퍼 be st red; and then it can be seen again. The seeming ephemerality f what is on the screen masks the truth: 재까iat γ u write is n t erasable. M re generally, 난1e experience f the net undermines the re려ity f the net. 활톨톨온맥 ] 생활의실체와우리가그것을 어떻게격혐능 } 는가 λ 에의때 1 는인 터넷상의사쟁활에대한우리의토론을막는다. 1 메일을생각해보라. 사람들은이메일이사적인것 이아니라는것을 안다. 하지만많은이들이, 적 어도때로는, 친밀한서신왕래를위해 1 메일을 사용할것이다. 수십년에걸쳐, 나는왜그러한지 를질문해왔다. 대답은향상같다. 컴퓨터화면을 응시할때여러분은완전히흔지라고느낀다. 여 러분이마치세상에있는단두사람인것처렴펀 지를쓰고있는사람과단둘이있다고느끼는것 은역려흰 91 진실이라고알고있는찮훌총홀캔 { 린다. 이메일은보일수있고, 저장될것이며, 그 런후에는다써보일수있다. 컴퓨터화면에있는 것이단명할것처럼보이는것은여러분 1 쓴것 이지워질수없다는진실을가린다. 더일반적으 로말하자면, 인터넷경험은인터넷의실체를손 심진킬단 활톨률댐용이뢰 [[ff 립밤 ] 대립쌍개념에의해이문제를해결하기위해먼저, 두개의 대립쌍온라인의실처 I( 대립짱 1 와본라인을겸험하논방식 ( 댄릴쌀깅을설정한다. 대립쌍 1 은온라인은사적이지않다 -> 당신이진실이라고 알고있는것 ( 온라인은사적이지않다 ) -> 지워지지않는다 ( 누군가볼수있으므로, 사적이지않다 ) 의연결성을갖는다. 대립생 2 는이메일을친밀한서신교햄 사용한다. -> 인터넷상에서흔.;;q 라고느낀다 - 글을쓰는상대와흔자 라고느끼는것 - 겉보기에일시적인것의연결성을갖는다. 빈칸이있는문죠뻐 l 서당신이글을쓰는상대와흔자라고느 끼는것은대립맘 2 에해당하므로, 빈 ξ 뻐 는대립쌍 1 즉, 온라 인의실체와관련된것엽머 7 빠하므로,@ 면뢰뭘 l 짚쉴 이라고알고있논것을가린다가가잠적절하다. I 파펄꾀던잉 l G 인터넷상에서당신의외로움을촉진시킨다-- 인터넷을경험하는과정메서혼자라고생각할수있다고해서외로움을촉진시킨다고단정지을수없다. 대립생2에해당 당신이생각히는것을자유롭게쓰도록돕는다 그들사이에서친밀감의정도를증가시킨닥 친밀한서신왕래를위한이메일사용이결과적으로친밀감의정도를증가시킨다고추론할수는있다. 하지만빈칸앞의내용이대립농잉의개념이으로빈ξ뻐 l 는대립쌍1 과관련된내용이머야핸다. 우리가남들과의사소통하는것을막는다-- 무관한내용 필훌톨 prevent 막다 discussi n 토론 privacy 시샘활 intimate 친밀한 corresp ndence 펀지, 서신왕래 stare at 응시하다 completely 완전히 block ut 가리다, 차단하다 seeming 겉보기의, 외관상의 undermine 손상시키다 \ 186 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

181 실전 12호, Imagine for a m ment 남iat today was your last day n E앙 th. N w, m하ce a list f ryourself f all the 난lings that you feel you have accomplished, all the things you 없e proud of, and all the 남lings that make y u happy. Is your car on the list? γour televisi n? Is γ ur sal와y on 난ie list? N. What s n the list are the fundamental elements of a satisfied life -:-your relati nship with friends and f밍피ly, 남ie c ntribution y u haγe made t thers lives, the celebrated events of y ur life. Those are the building blocks f your list. Many of us Iiγe day t day as if the pp site were πue. Instead f appreciating what is σ띠y imp πant and making that our pri ri디 r, we c Ilect 난파igs and indicators f success πithout questioning just what success really means Remember Wha~ :Ce회 ly) 꾀a야 6J.ifu따 π We~ 짧렘오놓 ] 지상에 l 서의당신의마지막날이 고잠시상성해보라. 이제, 당신이성취 했다고느끼는모든것들, 자랑스럽게느끼는모든 것들, 그리고당신을행복하게만든모든것들의목 록을직접만들어라. 딩진의차가목록에있는가? 렐 레비전은? 당신의월급이목록에있는 7}? 아니다. 목 록에있는것들은만족스러운삶의근본요소들이다. 즉, 친구들과기족과의관계, 타인의삶에대한당신 의기여, 당신삶의기념할만한사건들이다. 그것들이 당신의목록의구성요소들이다. 우리들중많은사람 들은그반대가진실인것처렴하루하루를살아칸다. 진정으로중요한것을제대로인식하고그것을최우 선시하는대신, 정확히성공이실제로의미하는것이 무엇인지의문을제기하지않고우리는성공의지표와물건들을모은다. 팅책 19;!" 삶액 l 끼센젠청혹훈 J 충효핸텃 01 푼 5 강민 ~I 를기억하라. 활톨률댐용이림 [A 는 B 대 마지막문징어 l 위치한빈칸은이문장이주제문임을의미한다. 그러므로글전체의내용을한문장으로요믿텀f 먼, 그것이바로주제문이자빈칸이다, 지싶뻐 서마지막날우리를행복하게했던것들의목록에는물질적인것들이아니라, 근본적인요소들이될것이라는것이이글의중심내용이다. 따라서빈a뻐 l는 당신의삶에서진정으로중요한것이무엇인지 ( 삶을만족시킨근본적요인들 ) 가가장적절하다. I 파펄꾀덩굉 l [D 네가달성한목록들을 목록에있는것들은만족스 러운삶의근본적인요소들이다. 성공묘IDI 중요하다는것을 성공적이라고여길만 한차, 월급과같은것은삶의근본적인요소들이아 니다. 반대개념 네삶을실맘시키는요소들 삶을만족시키는근 본적인요인들에관한내용이필요하다. 남들과의우호적관계 남들과의관계는삶을묘별시 키는근본적인요인들중하나에속효빠. 부분일치 러운 rel a ti nship 관계 c ntributi n 기여, 공헌 celebrated 칭송받는, 유명한 building bl ck 구성요소 as if 마치 처럼 the pposite 정반대 instead 1fAA 하는대신에 appreciate 제대로인식하다, 감사히여기다 priority 최우선고려사항 indicator 지표 matter 중요하다 * ;

182 실전 12 호 l 3 We have c nsσucted s many l 없 ge reseπ irs to hold water, and they are located primarily in the N r 바 iem Hemisphere rather than rand mly ar und the globe. As a r 많버 t, en u 맹 f E 따야 1 s mass has shifted to speed up i 엽 r tati n. Curren 비 r, 88 huge reserv irs h ld s me 10 trilli n tons of water. Before the reservoirs were b버 It, this water was located in the cean, which has most fits mass in the s uthemhernisphere. The effect is 파 ce a whirling skater who pulls her 밍 ms in to tum faster. Because natural factors in the envir nment, such as the pull of 디 des, are gradually sl wing E 따 th's r tation, the human influence is accident 빼 y 때 r 뼈 g ag 빼 t 햄 끄핸 Jr 려 rn 얻으 f 벚 ζel?r 행며. The shift in Earth s mass has als changed the l cati n f the axis on which Earth rotates. 짧렘우리는물을저챔기위해매우많은큰저수지를건설해왔고그것들은지구전 역에무작위라기보다는주로북반구에위치해있다. 그결과 ( 지구의지전을가속화할만큼의 ) 충분한지 구의질량이이 통해서그것의자전을가속화했다. 현 재 88 개의거대한저수지들이약 10 조톤의물을담 고있다. 저수지가건설되기전에이물은바때있 었고, 그것은그질량의대부분을남반구에가지고 있었다. 그효과는더빠르게돌기위해팔을안으로 당겨회전하는스케이터와같다. 조수의견인력과같 은환경에서의자연적요인들이서서히지구의자전 을늦추고있기때문에인간의영향은뭇하지않게깜펠자연촉도어 I 핸현챔듭 f 고있략지구의 질량이동은또한지구가자전하는축의위치를변 회씨켜왔다. 활톨률댄용이휩 댄결셈때진쉴 저수지건설이지구지전속도를높이는의도하지많은결과를가져왔다는것이이글의주제이다첫문장과두번째문장에서물을저장하기위한저수지를북반구에많이건설함으로써지구의질량이이돔, 지구자전을가속회했다는내용이기술되머있다. 지구자전을가속화했다는내용은 E벅이라는자연속도에븐 of여작용하고있단 는말로단즈맡긴되어있음을알수있다. I 률펄꾀던 ~ G 지구자전에영향을덜미친다 지구자전속도메영효를미친다. 큰저수지가건설되는것을막는다 큰저수지개발이가져온결과에대한서술이필요하다. 지구가더천천히자전하는데기여한다--지구자전속도가빨라지는데기여효H 각. 북반구에많은저수지를만든다 내용일치. 톱 l construct 건설하다 resenoir 저수지 hold 담아두다 be lo 밍 tedin 폐위치하다 primarily 주로 Northern - Hemisphere 북반구 rand mly 무작위로 as a result 그결과 mass 질량 shift DI 힐하대, 옮겨가다 speed up 가속화하다 rotation ( 지구의 ) 자전 currently 현재 huge 거대한 trillion 조 Southern Hemisphere 남반쿠 effect 결과, 영향, 효과 whi ling 회전히는 pull in 안으로잡아당기다 factor 요인 envin nment 환경 AsuchasBB 와같은 A pull 견인력 tide 조수 gradually 점차 influence 영향 accidentally 뭇하지않게, 우연히, 우발적으로 w rk against AA메브 하여작용하다 rate 속도 decele ation 감속 I cati n 위치 axis 축 rotate 자전하다 unintended 의 도하지않은 188 독해의기술시리즈 I 독해의기솔빈칸추론입문

183 실전 12 호 l l Studies show that P 짧뱅 :V~ 활 ea 뇨 ac]i n stud en 엽 perf rmance is better than 밟adesat b th promoting kids' self-motivati n t learn and b sting their achievement. Primary sch 1 teachers d a g d job f pr viding feedback in reports, but as soon as grades take over fr m narrative comments as the m 려 n me th d f evaluation, 양 udents and parents begin to l se ut. When teachers offer inf rmation such as T u 버 d a great job of planning y ur ideas f r this paper, and formulating y ur main argument, buty ur b dy paragraphs d n t address the questi n raised by the argument, in resp nse t a r ughdr 값 t of a paper, the student has inf rma ti n that praises the positive elements, addresses failures, and gives useful information f r her better perf rmance. In 버 is way, informati nal feedback w rks much 파 ce praise f r effoπs, and sin퍼 arly b sts enthusiasm for the task and later perf1 πnance. 활흩률연구들은학생들의수행에대한져 i출천z핀활 1 J-ol들의배우고자 하는자발적동기부여를촉진히는것과그들의 성취를신장시키는것둘다에있어서들굽복단 더낫다는것을보여준다. 초등학교교사들은설 적표에 ( 서술적 ) 피드백음제곡하는일을잘하 지만주된평가방식으로서둡료 ] 죄술절뢰곁 을대체하자마자학생들과부모들은손해를보 기시작한다. 교사들이에1 과제물에있어서너 의생킥을계획하고너의중심주장을표현히는 것은잘했지만본문단락들이그주장에의해제 기된의문점을다루지않고있다. 와같은정보 를어떤과제물의초안에대해제공할때, 그학 생은긍정적인요소를칭찬하고실패한것들을 언급하며그녀의더나은수행을위한유용한정 보를주는정보를얻는다. 이런방식으로정보를 제공히는피드백은노력에대한칭찬처럼매우 효과적이며마찬가지로그과업과이후의수행 에대한열정을신장시킨다. 斷렐댐용뻗 ] [ 대립쌓서술적피드백 vs. 등급 ] 빈ξ% 있는첫문장은 학생들의수행에대한빈칸 _OJ 등급보다더낫다로간딘히요약할수있으며, 이요악문메서 등급 과대립관계에있는내용이빈a뻐 들어가야한다는것을알수있다. 다음문장 초등학교교시들은성적표메서술적피 I 파뭘입델화 l G 남들앞에서히는칭찬 공정한평가-- 적절한보상 선생님들의관심 -- 무관한내용 드백을제공하는일을잘하지만주된평가방식으로서등급이서술적의건을대체하자마자학생들과부모들은손해를보기시작한다. 라는문죠뻐 서 등급 과대립관계에있는것은 서술적피드백, 서술적의견 이라는것을알수있으므로, 빈a뻐 l 는 l서술적피드백 이들어간다는것을추론할수있다. n 훤 I nar 떠 tive 이야기, 서술 feedback 피드백, 반응, 의견 performance 수행 grade 등급, 성적 pn mote 증진 - 시키다 self-motivation 자발적동기부여 b st 신잠시키다 achievement 성취 prim a 마 sch l 초등학 교 provide 제공하다 report 성적표 ass on as 히자미자 take overfn m 을대체하다, 을이어받다 comment 의 견, 논평 main 주된, 중심이되는 meth d 방법 evaluati n 평가 lose out 손해를보다 offer 저 공하다 paper 과제물 formulate 명확히표현 ( 서술 ) 하다, 고요 r 하다 argument 주당 body paragraph 본문단락 address 다루다 raise ( 문제 따위를 ) 제기하다 in response t A A 에반응하여 ugh 대강의, 다듬지않은 draft 초안 praise 칭찬하대 p sitive 긍정적인 element 요소 failure 실때 pe 什 rmance 수행 inf rmational 정보를저 l 공히는 w rk 효과가있 Cf. 작용하다 eff, rt 노력 similarly 비슷5써 l enthusiasm 열정 task 과업

184 실전 12 회 5 정답 p etry sharpens O 따 senses and m 삶 :es 벼퍼디 I 녕 k 탤뇨과 핵퍼 lly 효교량흐 9f i 훨. Ima 힘 ne, for a moment, that γ u 와 e 띠 ring t describe ne f y ur f 뇌 en 마, y u c uld sa γ 난 ie friend is t 삶 l, has blue eyes, a m le n 바ie left cheek, r a red n se. But that w uld nly describe the utside f this person. It w uldn t tell pe pie what your friend is really 파 ce - the habits, feelings, all the little peculiarities that make 난 lis person what he r she is and different fr m every ne else. Y u would find itγery difficult indeed to describe the inside f γ ur friend even th u 맹 y u feel y u knαv such a great friend 난 rrough and 벼 r ugh. N w g d p eσγ d es describe life in that way: it tells us ab ut i 엽 inside as well as its utside, and 난 ius it helps you to know and love the world as intimately as you kn w and 1 ve a friend. 활훨시는우리의감첼을선명하게핸우리로뼈금짧날감홉피판전환겐찮흘 띤엠략첸한다. 잠시동안팅신이당신의친구들 중한명을묘사하려하고있다고성 해보자. 당신 은그친구가키가크고, 푸른눈, 왼쪽뺨에점하나, 또는빨간코를가지고있다고말할수있다. 그러나 > 그것은이사람의외양만을묘사할것이다. 그것은 사람들에게당신의친구가진정어떠한사람인지에 대해말해주지않을것이다. 즉, 습관들, 감정들, 이 사람을지금의모습으로만들고다른사람과는다르 게만드는모든시소한특이점들은말해주지않는다. 당신은그러한멋진친구를속속들이알고있다고느 끼더라도, 당신친구의내면을묘사하는것은정말로 매우어렵다는것을알게될것이다. 이제좋흐죄늪 적맘삶을그러하밖식으로묘사한다. 왜냐하면, 그것 은삶의외양뿐아니라삶의대면에대해서도우리에 게맘해줌으로써그것은당신이친구를알고사랑하 는것만큼세작음친밀하게암고사랑하도록톱는다. 활훌률엠횡판 [:i:tt 진쉴 [ 연결성 ] 마지막문g뻐 서 좋은시는정말삶을그러한방식으로 E사효빠 고했는데, 그러한방식이라는것은친구를묘사할때외적인모습뿐아니라내적인모습까지도묘사할수있게해준다는것이다. 마지막문ε뻐 l서더자세하게기술함으로써첫문장주제문을재진술하고있음을알수있다. 따라서빈ξ삐는 더욱날카롭고완전하게삶을인식하게효H:y가가장적절하다. I 파멸꾀던히 l G 우리의모든감각을이용해서시를읽도록- 시가우리삶에미치는영효때l 관한주제문이어야효빠. 우리친구들의내부를들여다보도록 -- 번설명참조 우리친구들메대해정확하게기술하도록 친구들에대한기술은보충설명이다. OJ런보충설명을통해작가가궁극적으로하고자이야기는우리삶에관한이야기이다. 정말로중요한것이무엇인지기억하도록-- 무관한내용 F험I poet y 시 sense 감각 keenly 날카롭게 fully 완전히 aware faa를인식댄 fo a moment 잠시동안 - describe 묘사하다 mole 점 cheek 뺨 outside 외관, 바깥쪽 what A is like A가어떠한지 pee미ianψ 특이점 indeed 참으로, 정말로 inside 내먼, 안쪽 such 그러한, 그와같은 through and through 속속들이 Aas well as B B뿐만아니라 A도 thus 따라서 intimately 친밀등꺼 190 훨 H 의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

185 Even if l 찌 ng doesn t have any harmful effects in a p 따 ticular case, it is 앉퍼 m rally wrong because, if discovered, lying weakens the general practice f truth telling n which human c mmunicati n relies. F r instance, if I were to lie ab ut my age on gr unds of vanity, and my lying were 버scovered, even though no seri us harm would have been d ne, I w uld have undermined y ur trust generally. In that case you w uld be far less 바elyt believe anytl파ig I might say in the future. Thus all lying, when discovered, has indirect h와mful effects. However, very occasionally, these harmful effects might possibly b_e ci:11iw~l함i~cl 바 the benefits whic:h arise! from a lie. F r example, if someone is seriously 피, lying t them about their life expectan디r might pr bably gi:γe them a chance of living I nger. On the ther hand, telling them the truth c uldpossi바r induce a depression that w uld accelerate their physical decline. 활흩률거짓말이어느특정한경우에어떤해로운영향도미치지않는다할지라도그것 은여전히도덕적으로옳지않은데왜냐하면밝혀 질경우거짓말은연간의의사소통 1 신뢰히는진실말하기의일반적관행을약화시키기때문이다 < 예를들어 내가 ( 외모에대한 ) 자만심으로나의나 이에대해거짓말을하고나의거짓말이밝혀진다 면비록심각한손해는끼치지않았을지라도나는 일반적으로딩진의신뢰를약화시켰을것이다. 이 경우에당신은앞으로내가말히는어떤것도훨씬 떨믿을것같다. 따라서모든거짓말은밝혀졌을때 간접적인해로운영향을미치게된다. 그러나 매 우가끔 1 러한해로운영향틀이머떤꺼짓말연 I 천벌챙한이로움보다바마척을수도있다. 예를들어 누군가가심각하게아프다면그들의수명에대 해그콸 11 게거짓말하는것은그탈 11 께더오래살 기회를줄수도있다. 반면에 그댐게진실을말 하는것은아마도그들의신체적쇠약을가속화하 는우울함을유발할수도있을것이다. 활훨 [ 적용이뢰 [A 는 B 대 글의전반부는거짓말의부정적영흔때 l 대해기 술하고있다. 빈 a 버 있는문장의 However 를통 해글이거짓말의긍정적영흔뻐l 관한내용으로전 환된다는것을추론할수있다. 해로운영흔를이거짓말에서발생한이익에의해더 적을수있다, 즉거짓말에서발생한이익이해로운 영향들보다더클수있다가가장적절하다. 딛훌를 even if 비록훨 라도 harmful 5뾰운 effect 결과, 영향, 효과 particu 伯 r 특정한 morally 도덕적으로 vveaken 약화시키다 general 일반적믿 practice 관행 rely n 에의지하 다 on the ground of A A 의이유로 vanity 자만심, 허 영심 undermine 악화시키다 uphold 뮤지시키다, 옹호하다 trust 신뢰 generally 일반적으로 be likely to v 할가능성이있다, 할것같다 indirect 간접적인 occasionally 이따금 possibly 머쩌면 outweigh V 찌 등에서 ) 보다크다 benefit DI 로움, 01 익 drawback 단점 arise 발생하다 life expectancy 수명 on the other hand 반면에 induce 유빌 하다, 초래하다 depression 우울함 accelerate 가속화하다 decelerate 감속하다 physical 신처 l 적인 decline 쇠약, 감소 I 룰펄꾀텅 우리대부분이상승밤 } 는것보다더오래남아있는다 빈앨 있는문장의언결사 그러나결통해빈뺀 는앞부분의내용과반대되는내용이어야한다. 즉, 해로운영효를끼친다와반대되는내용은 좋은영향을미치는것과관련된내용이어야효다는것이다. outweigh 는 보다더크다 의의미로수동태가되먼반대의의미인 보다더 ξ빡 가되기때문에 해로운영향이거짓말에서발생한이익보다더작다, 즉거짓말에서발생한이익이해로운영향보다더크다라는의미가된다. 빈칸의내용은쉽게추론했을수있지만, 우리삶을구성하는관계를약화시킨다 빈칸이있는문장의언결사 그러나 를통해빈앤 는앞부분의내용과반대되는내용이어야한다. 심각한질병을겪고있는환자에게부정적영효떨미친다- 환자가더오래살수있는기회를준다고하였다. 자신들에게강한신념을갖고있는사람들 사이에불신을촉진한다 빈칸다음예시와관련해서주제문일수있는선택지가필요하다. 선택지의내용은구체적예시와무관하다. 무관한내용 τ// PART31 조은사람좋은해설 l9 -

186 실전 13 호 1 Mathematical m dels f flocks of birds and sch ls f fish andsw 없 ms f inseαs that m,ye in unison dem nstrate the same p int: there is n central contr l fthe m 1vement of the gr up, but the gr up m 없 lifests a 굉 nd of collectiγe intelligence 난 1at helps all within it t flee or discourage predat rs. πlis behavior d es n t reside within individual creatures but, rather, 앓 ~~Jixop흐뱉뀔- 할 111~~. Exanlination of H cks of birds deci버ng where t 빠 reveals that they m ve in a way that ace un엽 f r the intentions f all the birds, and, even m re imp rtant, the directi n frn γement is usuallγ 난 1e best ch ice f r the H &, Each bird c n 며 butes a bit, and the H ck s c ncerted choice is better than an in di 찌 du 려 bird s w uldbe. 활룰톨일제히움직이는새의무리나물과 1 와곤충무리의수학적모형은같은점을보 여준다. 즉집단의움직임의중앙통제는없무나그 집단은그집단내모두를 ( 포식자로부터 ) 도망치게 하거나포식자를저지하도록돕는일종의집달죄절 을보여준다. 이러한행통은개별적존재내에있는것 1 아니라행려죄단들휘 - 한특정 템, 새의무 리가어디로날아칼?} 를결정하는것에대한조사는 그것들이모든새의의도를보여주는방식으로움직 밀단는것을밝혀냈고더욱중요한점은, 그움직임 의방향이대개그무리를위한최고의선택이다. 각 각의새가조금씩기여를하고, 합의된그무리의선 택은각각의새의선택보다더낫다. 활훌훌템용이흰 [ 연결성 ] [ 대립생 흙필끓 i 빈f!-01 있는문징메는 not A, but, rathe 빠르게움직이는데기며효빠-+ 빠르게움직이는지는 자리잡고있는데, 여기에서대립되는두쌍 A, B 중에 알수없다. 무관한내용 서강조하고자하는말은 B이다. A부분에 reside 움직임의꽤턴을보여준다 개인과대조를이루는 individual creatures, 즉깨별적존재내에있는것 과반 개념이포함되어야효H 각, 움직이는때턴을보여준다 대개념이빈ξ뻐 들어갈내용임을추론할수있다, 그러 는것은내용일치메해당한다. 내용일치 므로 individual creatures와반대되는 groups 그들을포식자로부터보호해준다 빈ξ뻐 들어갈내 가있는선택지를고르면된다. 용은 개인 과대조를나타내는용머나개념이필요하 다. 각개인의특성을드러낸다 각개인이아니라집단 의특성을드러낸다. 반대개념 활캘빼 ematical 헥적인 model 모형 flock 때의 ) 떼, 무리 school 물고기의 ) 무리 S 뼈 rm ( 꿇의 ) 무리 in unison 일제히 demonstrate 보여주다 manifest 보여주다 collective intelligence 집단지성뼈 e 달 아나다 discourage 믿다, 저지하다, 낙담시키다 predator 포식자 behavi r 행위 reside 존재하다, 있다 within 의안어 individual 개별적인 creature 생물 rather 오히려 property 속성, 특성 examination 조사 reveal 드러내다, 밝히다 aα::ountfo 설명 'i5f 다 intention 의도 directi n 농발 cont ibute 기여 'i5fqabit 약간, 조금 concerted 합의된, 협력에의한 192 독해의기술시리즈 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

187 I 실전 13 호 l 2 l πie Neander 삼 ials would have faced a pr blem when itτvasdaγlight: the h 밟 itqu 때 tyismuch p orer at hi 화 1 latitudes and this w uld have meant that they c ul 며 t see things in 납 ie distance s well. F r a hunter, this is a serious problem, because y u re려ly don t want to make the mis 떠 ke f n t n ticing the m ther rhin Cef' s hiding in a dark c mer of the f rest edge when σying t spear her calf. Living under low light c nditi ns places a much heavier premium n vision than m st researchers imagine. The evoluti narγ resp nse t l v U 화 it levels is t increase the size f the visual pr, cessing system. It is the fanllliar principle from conventi nal star-gazing telesc pes: under the dim lighting f theni 밟 it sky, a larger mirror all ws y u t gather m re of the li 밟 lt fr mwhatever y u want t l kat. Bγthe same t ken, a larger retina all 1wsyouto receψem1 re li 밟 lt 따핵뚫極험뚫효뀔펄앓織웰. 짧렐댐용이뢰맨결성l 댐l훼 첫문장메서 네얀더 르탈인들이고위도에살면서빛의질이훨씬 나보고그결과낮매 도멀리있는사물을잘보지못하는문제에 직먼했을것이다라고문제제기를하고있다. 그다음문장메서 이러한예시, 즉눈이나빠서발생할수있는일에대한구체적인 예를보여주고있다. 어두운빛의정도에대한진호찍반응은시 각처리기관의크기를증가시키는것이다가이글의주제문이 다. 그다음의보충설명문 에서밤하늘에별을관측하는망원경 의원리가 By the same token( 같은이유로 j 을통해인간의시 각처 계에도적용되었음을알수있다. 따라서빈 ξ 뻐 l 밑앞 한빛의수준을보완하고자더많은빛을받아틈이게 가가장적 절하다. 네안더 l 르탈인들이대낮에도빛의밝기가나쁜상태에서 생활했던것은망원경으로별을관측하는밤하늘의흐릿한빛, 빈익받 f 빛의수준 과연결성을갖는다. 시각처리기관의크기를 증가시키는것 은 더큰거울, 더큰망막과연결성을갖는다. 활톨률네안데르탈인들은대뱀어떤문제에직면했을것이다. 즉, 고위도 에서는빛의질이훨씬나쁘고이것은그들이 멀리에서는사물을잘볼수없었다는것을의 미했을것이다. 사냥문에게이것은심각한문 제였는데왜냐하면새끼를창으로찌르려고 할때엄마코뿔소가숲가의어두운구적에숨 어있는것을알마채지못하는실수를하기정 말로원치않기때문이다. 어두운빛의환경 에서사는것은대부분의연구자들이상행 } 는것보다시력에훨씬더중요한가치를부여 한다. 어두운빛의정도에대한진화적인반응 은시각처리기관의크기를쥬가시키는것이 다. 그것은별을관측하는일반적인망원경과 비슷한뭔리이다. 즉, 밤하늘의흐릿한빛아 래에서더큰거움은무엇이든닥신이보고자 하는컷으로부터더많은빛을모으게해준다. 같은이유로, 더큰망막은짧활활뭘펌판뜰뭘필활한 훤찬펼짧웰製을효활팬훨 ; 체웹 ( 춘탠. I 파필꾀덩 ~ D 밤에도숨어있는엄마코뿔소를보게 어두 운빛의정도에대한진호찍인반응은시각처 리기관의크기를증가시키는것이다 와같은 맥락에서빈칸을추론해야효 H 각. 먼곳을볼수있는더큰거울과경쟁하게 거울과경쟁효 κf 고추론할근거가없다. 지문 의 a large miπor 이라는어휘로오답을유도 하고있다. 육안으로보는것보다훨씬더 Bo 늘을볼수 있게 더큰망막은우리의시각체계를의미하므로, 육안 과대립관계에있지않다. < 더큰동물을잡기위해작은것에는덜민감하 거 무관한내용 l안톱l 펴 ce 머l 직먼하다 daylight 햇빛, 일광 qua Iiψ 품질 p r 좋지않은 latitude 위도 in the distance 멀리 - 서 rhinoceros 코뿔소 edge 가장자리 spea 창으로찌르다 calf 새끼 premium 높은 ( 특별한 ) 가치 vision 시력 ev1 luti nary 진화적인 resp nse 반응 process 처리하다 familiar 익숙한 P inciple 원리 nventional 전통 적인, 관례적인 gaze 응시하다 telesc pe 망월경 dim 흐릿한, 머두운 by the same t ken 같은미뮤로 retina 망막 ccmpensate f, 을보완하다

188 r- 실전 13 호 3 I It s p ssible to lie with numbers, even th se that are accurate, because numbers rarely speak f r themselves They need to be interpreted bγ writers. And writers alm 때W따 S 뼈매때꿇려 靜꿇뚫稱 --헬. 혐뀔때, F r example, you might want to 없m unce the g d news that unempl γment in the United States stands at just a little ver 5 percent πiat means 95 percent f Americans have j bs, an emp]1 yment rate much higher than 남iat of m st ther ind많떠al nations. But let's spin the figure another way. In a coun따 as popul us as the United States, unemployment at 5 percent means 난 iat milli ns of Americans don t e 와 n a daily wage. Indeed ne ut f everγ twenty ad 띠 ts who wants work can t find it. Suddenly that s a sobering number. And, as you can see, the same sta 뎌앉 ic can be cited as a cause f r celebrati n r 하 iarne. 활훨비록그것앉자띔이정확할지라도숫자 를가지고거짓말하는것은가능한데왜 냐하면숫지들은좀처렴스스로말하지않기때문 이다. 그것들은글을쓰는사람들에의해해석되어 야만한다. 그리고글을쓰는사람들은거의항상 펴행짧룹웰廳틀월펠형들흘갖댄다. 예를들어 량산 은미국의실업률이 5 퍼센트를마주조금넘긴상태 에있다는기본소식을얄리고싶어할수있다. 그 것은 95 퍼센트의미국인들이직업을가지고있다 는것, 대부분의다른산업국가들의그것보다훨씬 더높은취업률을의미한다. 그러나 그수치를또 다른방식으로제시해보자. 미국만큼인구가많은 나라에서 5 퍼센트의실업률은수백만명의미국안 들이일당을벌지못한다는것을의미한다. 실제로 일자리를원하는 20 명의성인들중한명이그것을 찾지못할수있다. 갑차기그것은정신이번쩍들게 하는숫자이다. 그리고당신이보는것처렴같은통 계가축하혹은수치섬의원인으로인용될수있다, 활톨률댐용이흰 % 는 Bq] [ 언결성 l 첫문장이주제문으로서 숫자로거짓일념t는것01 가능하다 고죠띈히요약할수있다. 예를들어 다음에서는실업률 5퍼센트에대한긍정적해석을, 그러나 다음에서는실업률 5퍼센트에대한부정적해석을기술하고있으며, 마지막문장 같은통계 ( 실업률 5퍼센트 ) 가축해긍정적해석 ) 나수치심 ( 부정적해석 ) 의원인으로인용될수있다 에서다시한번이러한사실을설명해주고있다. 빈칸도역시이런맥락떼서추론할수있어야하며, 그해석들을가질목적들을가진다 라는선택지가가장적절하다. 빈ξ떼있는문장 글을쓰는사람들 은거의항상그해석들을만들목적들을가진다라는말은숫자를해석하는사람들이어떤목적을가 I 파멸꾀텅톨 독자들의생ζ뻐 l 영흔을미친다 뉴스에발표된수치를인용하는경향이있다 지문 의 news, 'figure 와같은단어로오답을유도하고 있다. 경제분석에있어똑같은통계를이용효빠 - 빈칸 문장의 the same statistic 으로오답을유도하고 있으며, 경제분석에관해써는언급된바없다. 무 정확하지않은숫자로거짓말을하려효빠 정확한 숫자일지라도거짓말하는것은가능하다고하였다, 본문내용과반대 지고숫자를해석하느냐에따라똑같은수치도다른해석 긍정적해석과부정적해석 ) 을가질수있다는의미이다.. 얀롤 l rarely 좀처럼 아니다 for themseνes 스스로 interpret 해석빡 purpose 목적 shape 만들다 - announce 발표하다, 알리다 unemployment 실업 ( 율 ) employment rate 고용율 indust ial 산업 spin ( 특정한방식으로 ) 제시하다 populous 인구가많은 earn 벌다 daily wage 일당 indeed 참으로, 정말로 out of AA 중에서 so be ing 정신이번찍들게하는 statistic 통계 cite 인용하다 cause 원인 celebration 축하 shame 수치심

189 만 18 bir 남 l of a child in a family is ften the reason why pe ple begin to t삶 e up r re disc γer phot graphy. Inmanyways, ph t graphing a child is little 버 fferent from photographing any other pers n. What makes it different, h 1wever, is 파영책랜펴짧뱃별 iiiio 鎭 ~hild 굶 a_ 웰웰 ll Using the camera at your own head hei 맹 t works well f r ph tographing adults, but for children the C 밍 nera will be tilted downward. γou 따 e 1 king d wn n the child, literally and metaph rically, and the resulting picture can make the child 1 k smaller and less significant 난 ian most parents w1 버 d like. It is p ssible t bt 려 n m re natural-11 oking p rtraits when the camera sh ots fr m the S 밍 ne level as the child s eyeline instead f being tilted. F r anei 밟 it year old, this might mean sitting d wn when sh ting; and f r a crawling baby, the best approach may be t lie n the R r. 활룰톨 7 템에게 J-ol 의출생은종종 λ 댐들이사진을재미로배우거나재발견하 기시작하는이유이다. 여러모로, 에를사진찍 는것은여느다른사람을사진찍는것과거의다르지않다. 그러나, 차이를만드는것은펀플펠딴란? 힘뺏댄상대전짚장이다. 카메라를당 신자신의머리높이에서사용히는것은어른을 사진찍기위해서는효과가있지만, 어린아이의 경우에는카메라가아래로기울어질것이다. 당 신은아이를글자그대로그리고비유적으로내 려다보고있고, 그결과로생긴사진은대부분의 부모들이바라는것보다그아이를더작고덜중 요하게보이도록만들수있다. 카메라가기울어 지는것대신에아머의눈높이와같은높이에서 사진을찍을때좀더자연스럽게보이는인물사 진을얻을수있다. 8 살아이의경우에이것은사 진찍을때앉는것을의미할것이며, 기어다니는 }71 의경우에가장좋은방법은바빽 l 둡는것 이될것이다 짧렐댐용이흰 [A 는 B 대 빈 ξ 베있는문장의연결사 howeve 를통해전흔떼일어남 을알수있다. 바로앞문 ε 뻐 서마이를사진찍는것과다른 사람을사진찍는것은거의다르지않다, 즉비슷하다고하였 으므로, 빈효뻐l 들어갈내용은 Ol-01를사진찍는것은것과다 른사람의사진을찍는것의차이점이어야한다고추론할수 있다. 빈칸다음문 E 삐서 카메리를당신머리높이에서사 용하는것은머른을사진찍기위해서는효과가있지만, 어린 아이의경우에는카메라가아래로기울어질것이다 에서빈 칸의근거를찾을수있다. 카메라가기울어지는것대신메아이의논높이와같은높이에서사진을찍을때좀더자언스 럽게보이는인물사진을찍을수있다 를통해서도, 빈 E 뻐 l 어른과어린아이사이의상대적신짐에가장적절하다. 률펄펴던 UI G 오랜시간과훈련을통해발전한기술 - 무관 흔들리지많도록강한삼각대를활용하여고정된 ( 삼각때의 ) 높이 기술을동반한사진술의발전 - 사진찍기전사진작가와 Or 이사이에형성된친 밀도 지문메언급되지않았다. 무관한내용 l안훨l btain 얻다 natural-i king 자연스럽게보이는 p rtrait 인물사진, 초상화 sh ot 찍다, 촬영하다 eye line ---- 시선 instead of A A하는대신에 tilt 기울이다 take up ( 재미 / 취미로 ) 를배우다 rediscover 재발건하다 phot1 graphy 사진술 photog떠ph 사진을찍다 relative 상대적인 height 신장, 키, 높이 work well 효과가좋다 d 1wnward 아래쪽으로 lite떠lly 문자그대로 metaphorically 비유적으로 resulting 결고찍으로생겨난 significant 중요한 crawling 엉금엉금기머다니는 approach 접근방법 P 매 T 강 I 초응 k 밤좋은해설 행 /

190 Ina ppr priate precisi n means giving informati n or figures t a greater degree of apparent accuracy than suits the c ntext. For example, adveπisers often use the results f surveys to prove what they say ab ut their pr ducts. s metimes they claim a level of precisi n not based reliably on evidence. s, if a c mpany selling washing powder claims 95.45% f British adults agree that this p wder washes whiter than any ther, then this level of precision is clearly inappr priate. It is unlikely that all Bri디sh ad버 ts were surveyed, s the results are based nly on a sample and n t the wh le populati n. At best the c mpany sh uld be claiming that 1ver 95% f th se asked agreed that their p 'wder washes whiter than any ther. Even if the whole population had been surveyed t have gi:γen 남ie rest괴t to 따O decimal points would have been absurd. The effect is to pr pose a high degree f scientific precisi n in the research. Frequently, h wever, inappropriate precisi n is an attempt_ t9 꾀싫 tli~ 펴 G 퍼 t 퍼 fj1 핸뚫 랴 astudy,j 圖웰댐용판 [A 는 B 대 첫문장의 상웰ii 적절한것보다더욱큰정도의명백한정 확성 이란 필요이상으로정보를서술하는것 즉, 부적합 한정밀성 을의미효타. 다시밀 F 해서지문의 퍼센트 라고해서소숫점두자리까지제시하는이유가과연무엇 인가메초점을맞춰이글을읽어야할필요가있는것이다. 그리고이런이유가바로빈칸으로저씨되어있는데, 첫문 E 뻐 서가졌던의문, 필요이상으로정보를서술히는 01 유 는 연구의비과학적성격을숨기기위한 시도라고할수있 다. 빈칸앞문 E 뻐 l 서 연구에높은수준의과학적정밀성을 의도하기위함이있고, 빈 ξ 삐서 l 그러나라는반박을나타 내는신호가있음도눈여겨봐야한다. 활흩률부적합한정밀성은상햄l 적절한것보다더욱큰정도의명백한정확성으로 정보혹은수치를제공하는것을의미한다. 예를 들면, 광고주들은그틀의상품에대해그들이말 히는것을입증하기위해설문조사의결과들을종 종이용한다. 때때로그들은확실하게증거에근거 하지많은정밀한수준을주장한다. 그러묘로만약 세제를판매하는회사가영국성인의 퍼센 트가이세제가다른세제보다더하닿게세탁해준 다는것을동의한다고주장한다면, 이러한정밀도 의수준은분명히부적합하다. 모든영국성인들이 설문에응할수는없었을것이며, 그러므로그결 과들은전체인구가아니라단지표본에기반을둔 것이다. 기껏해야그회사는질문을받은사람들 중 95 퍼센트이상이그들의세제가다른세제보다 더하얄게세닥하게한다는것에동의했따 } 고주 장해야히는것이다. 비록전체인구가설문을받 았다고할지라도, 소수점둘째자리까지그결과를 주는것은터무니없는것일것이다. 그효과는그 연구에높은수준의과학적정밀성을의도하기위 함어다. 그러나 흔히부적합한정밀성은떤구 - 의 j 빈됐힐잖 ; 성견을숨낀긴윈한시도이다. 탈펄뼈! CD 소비지들에게조사의정확성을보여주기위한 연구의비과학적성걱을숨기기위한시도이다. < 그들의제품이신뢰힐만한가치가있다는것을증 명하기위한 -CD 번해설참조 변해설참조 그들의연구에과학적정밀성을두기위한 연 구의비과학적성걱을숨기기위한시도이다. 반 대개념.. 톱 I inappropriate 부적절한 precisi n 정확성 fig 미 e 숫자 degree 정도 apparent 분명한 accu 떠 cy 정확성 - suit 메적합하다 context 전후상황, 문맥 advertise 광고주 result 결과 SU Ney 조사 pn 1ve 증명하다 claim 주.:g. 하다 based on 에근거하여 reliably 확실하게, 믿을묘텀써 evidence 증거 washing p wde 세저 British 영국의 clearly 분명히 unlikely 가능성이없는, 있을법하지많은 wh le 전체의 p p 비 ation 인구 at best 기껏해야 decimal p int 쇼순점 absurd 터무니없는 effect 결과, 영향, 효과 pn p se 의도하다, 계획하다, 제안하다 frequently 지주, 빈번하커 a 야 empt 시도 mask 숨기다 unscientific 비과학적인 nature 성질, 성걱 excessive 지나친, 과다한 intention 의도 conceal 숨기다 lack 부족 l 결핍 reliabiliψ 신뢰 ( 성 ) Q96 독해의기술시리즈 l 독해의기술빈칸추론입문

191 Al thou맹 핑때sms interact with their surr unclings in many ways, certain fact rs may be critical to a p앙디α.tlar species success. A sh rtage r absence of this fact r restricts lhi;? succ~ss f.!h~ spe탠 sl 남ms, it is kn wn as a 파niψ1g faα r. Lirnlting factors can be quite different fr m one species t 없0난1er. The limiting fact r for many species of fish is the amount of diss lved oxygen in the water. In a swiftly flowing, treelined mountain sσearn, the level of diss lved 때rgenis hi밟1 and s pr1,vides a fav1 rable environment f r trout. As the sσearn continues d wn the mountain, the steepness of the slope deαeases, which results in fewer rapids where the water tumbles ver rocks and bec mes oxygenated. In addition, as the sσe없n bec mes wider, the canopy f trees ver the stream usually is thinner, all wing more 없피i항 1t to reach the sσearn and warm the water. Warm water cannot hold as much diss lved xygen as c l water. Therefore, slower-flowing, W밍m-water streams contain less 뼈rgen than rapidly m 찌ng, c l 않earns. Fish such as black bass and walleye are adapted to such areas, since they are able t tolerate lower oxygen concentrations and higher water temperatures. Tr ut are not able to mπive under such c n 펴ons and are not found in warm, less well xygenated water. Thus, 1 w levels of oxygen 때d high water temperatures are limiting factors for the disσibution ftrout. 활룰톨유기체들 1 여러방식으로그들의환경 과상호작용을하지만, 어떤요인들은특정한종들의성공에매우중요할수도있다. 이러한요인의부족이나결여는그좀들위성공을젠한한다3 따라서이것은제한요인으로알려져있다. 제한요인들은종마다상당히디를수있다. 많은물고기종들의제한요인은물속용존산소량이다. 물살이빠르게흐르고나무가늘어선산골짜기개울에서용존산소량수치는높아서송어에게유리한환경을제공한다, 개울이산아래로계속내려가면서경사면의가파름은감소하고, 그것은물이바위위로떨어져내리면서산소화되는급류의수가더줄어들게한다. 게다가, 개울이넓어지면서개울위로드리워진나뭇가지들의우거짐이보통은더앓아지고더많은햇빛이개울에이르러물을따뜻하게한다. 따뭇한물은차기운불만큼많은용존산소를보유할수없다. 따라서천천히흐르는따뜻한개울은빠르께움직이는찬개울보다산소를덜포함한다. black bas업 }w: 허leye와같은어류들은그러한지역에잘적응히는데왜냐하면그것들이더낮은산소농도와더높은수온을견딜수있기때문이다. 송어는그러한환경에서살아남을수없고따뜻하고산소가덜공급되는물에서는발견되지않는다, 따라서낮은수준의산소와높은수온은송어의분포에대한제한요인들이다. 활훌률댄용이흰 [ 대립생첫문장에서 어떤요인들은특정한종들의성공에매우중요할 수도있다고하였는데, 빈칸다음부분에서 어떤요인들 이바로 저 한요인 (limiting 염 ctors) 임을알수있고, 제한요인들은종마다다를수있음은두 번째문단의에시를통해기술되고있다. 낮은물속용존산소량과높은수 온은송머의분포 ( 송어의생존, 성공 ) 에제한요인으로작용하고, 반대로높 은수준의산쇄 t 낮은수온은 black bass 와 walleye 의제한요인이다. 따 라서이러한요인쯤의생존에중요한요인 ) 의부족이나결여는 종의성공을 제한효 H 각 가빈 ξ 뻐 기잠적절하다. 딛룸삐 oαrgar certain 머떤 특정의 fact r 요인 critical 중요한 shoπage 부 족 absence 부재, 없음 restrict 제한하다 amount 양 dissolved 용해된 oxygen 산소 swiftly 재빨리 tree-ii 마 3d 나무가일렬로늘어선 stream 개울 dissolved oxygen 용존산소 favorable 유리한 trout 송머 steepness 가파름 sl pe 경사로 result in 을초래 "Bf 다떠 pid 급류 tumble 굴러떨어 지다, 구르다 oxygenate 산소를공급하다, 산소화하다 in addition 게다가 canopy 가림막덮개, ( 나무개지붕을이룬것 thin 가는 black bass 미국 산농어 ( 담수머 1)walleye 망상어 ( 캘리포니아산 ) adapted to A Al 에적응한 tolerate 에견디다 concentration 농도 temperature 온도 I 파펄꾀던!Al G 따돗한물이차가뭔지도록효κr- 수온이낮으면송어가살아가는데우호적환경이고, 수온이높으면 black bass와 walleye에게우호적환경이된다. 따라서어느한종에게는우호적환경이다른종에게는불리한조건일수있다. 우호적환경을차단한다 -CD번해설참조. 본문의 우호적환경 (a favorable environment) 이라는어휘로오답을유도히고있다. 급류속도가느려지도록한다 급류속도가느려지는것 ( 원인띈일부종송어 ) 의분포에제한요인일수있으므로 ( 결과 ), 원인과결과가뒤바뀌었다. 산소가용해되지않도록한다-- 무관한내용 PART31 조은사람좋은해설 97