歯강의노트.PDF

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1 LINUX 1. Linux install 2. Booting sequence 3. Kernel rebuilding 4. Patch 5. RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) 6. NFS (Network File System) 7. NIS (Network Information System) 8. Cluster 9. Daemon programming 10. Review -

2 1. Linux install 1. Repartition partition table - MBR(master boot record) primary, extended, logical partition tablesize 4 1 driveprimary partition extended - logical partition container Dual OS system: MS-DOS partitionlinux OS repartition 1. MS-DOS fdisk MS-DOS size partition and MS-DOS format 2. fips - partition paririon ** data ** maginpartition Drives and partitions under Linux First floppy - /dev/fd0 Second floppy - /dev/fd1 First hard disk (entire) - /dev/hda First hard disk, primary partition 1 - /dev/hda1 First hard disk, primary partition 2 - /dev/hda2 First hard disk, primary partition 3 - /dev/hda3 First hard disk, primary partition 4 - /dev/hda4 First hard disk, logical partition 1 - /dev/hda5 First hard disk, logical partition 2 - /dev/hda6... Second hard disk -- hda -> hdb SCSI -- hda -> sda First MS-DOS partition (C:) - /dev/hda1 Second MS-DOS partition (D:) - /dev/hda2 First Linux logical partition - /dev/hda5 Second Linux logical partition - /dev/hda6 2. Boot the Linux installation media * CD booting boot floppy - rawrite small Linux diskette

3 : rawrite boot.img a: 3. Create Linux partition # fdisk /dev/hda 4. Create filesystems (formatting) # mke2fs -c /dev/hda ! second extended filesystem make blocks(1024bytes) on /dev/hda2 # mount -t ext2 /dev/hda2 /home /etc/fstab boot mount 5. Create swap space swap space - virtual space filesystem # mkswap -c partition size # swapon partition # mkswap -c /dev/hda # swapon /dev/hda3 6. Install the software on the new filesystems 7. Booting using LILO (1) /etc/lilo.conf :boot=/dev/hda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b prompt timeout=5 image=/boot/vmlinuz # Linux kernel label=linux root=/dev/hda2 # root partition other=/dev/hda1 # partition table=/dev/hda # partition table for /dev/hda1 label=win98 (2) # lilo Install Xfree86

4 X server, mouse, keyboard # xf86config /etc/x11/xf86config /usr/x11r6/bin/x : X server driver link file # ls -l X lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 23 22:53 X -> XF86_Mach64 # ln -s /usr/x11r6/bin/xf86_mono /usr/x11r6/bin/x Network Configuration 1. hostname /etc/hostname hpc.kangnung.ac.kr 2. IP addres /etc/hosts localhost localhost.localdomain xxx hpc.kangnung.ac.kr hpc 3. nameserver /etc/resolv.conf nameserver router(gateway) /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes FORWARD_IPV4=no HOSTNAME=hpc.kangnung.ac.kr DOMAINNAME=kangnung.ac.kr GATEWAY= GATEWAYDEV=eth0 * # route add * UNIX - /etc/defaultrouter

5 5. network interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 IPADDR= xxx NETMASK= NETWORK= BROADCAST= ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none USERCTL=no /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo DEVICE=lo IPADDR= NETMASK= NETWORK= BROADCAST= ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none * # ifconfig *** # netcfg Add an user 1. user id /etc/passwd ykim::1000:1000:youngtae Kim:/home/ykim:/bin/tcsh /etc/shadow ykim:143:0:99999:7::: user home directory # cd /home # mkdir ykim # chown ykim ykim # chgrp 1000 ykim ** delete an user

6 2. Booting sequence Booting sequence (* lilo booting) 1. /etc/lilo.conf Linux kernel booting 2. kernel /sbin/init /etc/inittab : init 2.1 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit network <- /etc/sysconfig/network 2.2 /etc/rc.d/rc /etc/rc.d/rc5.d /etc booting /etc/rc.d/init.d (daemon) /etc/rc.d/rc.local - /etc/inittab booting /sbin/init /etc/rc resource configuration /etc/fstab mount /etc/exports NFS network /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo user administration /etc/passwd /etc/shadow

7 directories /bin UNIX, ls. /usr/bin/ /bin.. /sbin /usr/sbin root. /boot Booting kernel. /etc networking, NFS, mount. /var log. /var/spool. /lib /usr/lib. -l directory. /usr/lib/x11 X windows. /usr/include C #include /usr/src source /home home directory

8 3. Kernel rebuilding Kernel rebuilding - upgrade, kernel, device 0. cd /usr/src/linux 1. driver configuration - make config 2. makefile file dependency - make dep 3. object - make clean 4. kernel compile - make bzimage /usr/src/linux-2.2.5/arch/i386/boot/bzimage 5. module - make modules, make modules_install ** lib/modules/ object 6. Go have a coffee 7. Install the new kernel via LILO & rebooting kernel /etc/lilo.conf lilo /etc/lilo.conf image=/usr/src/linux-2.2.5/arch/i386/boot/bzimage label=linux_new root=/dev/hda1 read-only Loadable driver(module) # insmod module(object ) # lsmod # rmmod module # insmod /boot/ftape.o # lsmod Module: #pages ftape 40

9 # rmmod ftape

10 4. Patch,. A1: Hello World Happy Hours A2: Hello World HAPPY HOURS # diff -c A1 A2 > A.patch -- patch # patch -p0 < A.patch -- patch patching file `A1' -- A1 A2 0. kernel source down (2.2.5) 0.1 ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.2/linux tar.gz /usr/src 0.2 tar zvxf linux tar.gz root userhome directory 2. $ cd /usr/src/linux 3. $ patch -p0 < ~/jimb.linux sse-ptrace-2.patch 4. kernel recompile

11 5. RPM (Redhat Package Manager) Redhat Linux. ** Slakware *.tar.gz. (tar zvxf *.tar.gz - ) rpm : mc kr.i386.rpm mc: : version 0.91kr: release i386: architectre rpm: rpm rpm (-q) $ rpm -qa : rpm ** rpm -qa grep mc : mc $ rpm -qf /usr/bin/mc : /usr/bin/mc $ rpm -qi mc : mc $ rpm -qs mc : mc $ rpm -ql mc : mc rpm (-e) (a) $ rpm -e gmc $ rpm -e mc (b) mc dependency(gmcmc ). $ rpm -e --nodeps mc (dependency ) $ rpm -e gmc rpm _(-i) (CD )

12 1. mount CD ROM $ mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom ** down. 2. $ cd mnt/cdrom/redhat/rpms 3. rpm. (a) $ rpm -ivh mc kr.i386.rpm $ rpm -ivh gmc kr.i386.rpm -v -h (b) mc gmc dependency. $ rpm -ivh --nodeps gmc kr.i386.rpm $ rpm -ivh mc kr.i386.rpm RPM RPM. *.src.rpm. 1. rpm source $ rpm --rebuild bitchx-75p3-1kr.src.rpm /usr/src/redhat/rpms/i386/bitchx-75p3-1kr.rpm 2. rpm $ rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/rpms/i386/bitchx-75p3-1kr.rpm

13 6. NFS (Network File System) NFS server ( ) 1. /etc/exports (UNIX: /etc/dfs/dfstab) /root (rw) : 2. $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start ( $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart) ** Booting nfs start. NFS client( ) 1. $ mkdir /root2 (/root2.) 2. $ mount -t nfs -o bg -o soft :/root /root2 ** /etc/fstab (UNIX: /etc/vfstab) booting mount :/root /root2 nfs rw,bg,soft

14 7. NIS (Network Information System) -ID, yellowpage. NIS Server ( ) 1. ypserv (rpm ) ** $ tftp hpc > get /tftpboot/ypserv i386.rpm 2. /etc/sysconfig/network NISDOMAIN="210.kangnung.ac.kr" ** NISDOMAIN booting $ domainname 210.kangnung.ac.kr". 3. /etc/yp.config domain 210.kangnung.ac.kr server NIS database $ /usr/lib/yp/ypinit -m 5. Daemon restart (ypserv) $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypserv stop $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypserv start ( $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypserv restart) *** User-ID /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow 4 & 5

15 NIS Client 1. /etc/sysconfig/network NISDOMAIN="210.kangnung.ac.kr" ** NISDOMAIN booting $ domainname 210.kangnung.ac.kr". 2. /etc/yp.conf domain 210.kangnung.ac.kr server ** 1 & 2 "$ /usr/sbin/setup" Authentication configuration. 3. Daemon restart /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypbind stop /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypbind start ( /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypbind restart)

16 8. Cluster (message passing), - NFS, NIS - MPI(Message Passing Interface) (root user) 1. NFS, NIS 2. MPI (1) source down - mpich.tar.gz /usr/local directorydown (2) untar - $ tar zvxf mpich.tar.gz (3) $ cd mpich (4) $./configure $ make

17 ( user) 1. (1) home directory.hosts ) user0 4.rhosts jauser10.kangnung.ac.kr user0 jauser11.kangnung.ac.kr user0 jauser12.kangnung.ac.kr user0 jauser14.kangnung.ac.kr user0 ** rsh(remote Shell). (2) directorymachines machines jauser10.kangnung.ac.kr jauser11.kangnung.ac.kr jauser12.kangnung.ac.kr jauser14.kangnung.ac.kr 2. test (1) $ tftp hpc -> get /tftpboot/greetings.c (sample program down) (2) $ /usr/local/mpich/bin/mpicc -o greetings greetings.c -lm (3) $ /usr/local/mpich/bin/mpirun -np 4 -machinefile machines greetings

18 9. Daemon programming daemon process client service server. **tip** fork() child processparent process, child process. Sample Program #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<signal.h> #include<string.h> #include<sys/param.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<sys/file.h> #include<sys/ioctl.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int serverfd, clientfd; /* the file descriptors */ struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr; int addr_length=sizeof(client_addr); int port=6001; int childpid; /* used for a daemon */ int dataleft; char data[100]; int index; signal(sigttou,sig_ign); signal(sigttin,sig_ign); signal(sigtstp,sig_ign); childpid = fork(); if (childpid > 0) exit(0); #ifdef SITSTP setgrp(0, getpid()); if((index=open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR))>=0) { ioctl(index, TIOCNOTTY, (char *)NULL); close(index); } #else setpgrp(); signal(sighup, SIG_IGN); childpid=fork(); if(childpid > 0) exit(0); #endif serverfd = socket(af_inet, SOCK_STREAM,0); bzero((char *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); server_addr.sin_family=af_inet; server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(inaddr_any); server_addr.sin_port=htons(port); bind(serverfd,(struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); listen(serverfd, 2); sprintf(data,"hello from ykim at "); while (1) { clientfd = accept(serverfd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &addr_length); dataleft=sizeof(data); while(dataleft>0) { dataleft-=send(clientfd,data,dataleft,0); } close(clientfd); } }

19 client #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<strings.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int index=0; int dataleft; struct sockaddr_in server_addr; int serverfd; int port=6001; char data[100]; bzero((char *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); /* usage: client -a address */ while((index=getopt(argc,argv,"a:"))!=-1) server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(optarg); server_addr.sin_family=af_inet; server_addr.sin_port=htons(port); serverfd=socket(af_inet,sock_stream,0); connect(serverfd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); dataleft=sizeof(data); while(dataleft>0) dataleft-=recv(serverfd,&data,dataleft,0); printf("%s\n",data); close(serverfd); exit(0); }

GNU/Linux 1, GNU/Linux MS-DOS LOADLIN DOS-MBR LILO DOS-MBR LILO... 6

GNU/Linux 1, GNU/Linux MS-DOS LOADLIN DOS-MBR LILO DOS-MBR LILO... 6 GNU/ 1, qkim@pecetrirekr GNU/ 1 1 2 2 3 4 31 MS-DOS 5 32 LOADLIN 5 33 DOS- LILO 6 34 DOS- 6 35 LILO 6 4 7 41 BIOS 7 42 8 43 8 44 8 45 9 46 9 47 2 9 5 X86 GNU/LINUX 10 1 GNU/, GNU/ 2, 3, 1 : V 11, 2001

歯강의노트.PDF

歯강의노트.PDF