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VO max VO R VO max - 4 -

VO max 나이 ( 세 ) 나쁨보통좋음아주좋음최상 여성 20~29 31 32~34 35~37 38~41 42+ 30~39 29 30~32 33~35 36~39 40+ 40~49 27 28~30 31~32 33~36 37+ 50~59 24 25~27 28~29 30~32 33+ 60+ 23 24~25 26~27 28~31 32+ 남성 20~29 37 38~41 42~44 45~48 49+ 30~39 35 36~39 40~42 43~47 48+ 40~49 33 34~37 38~40 41~44 45+ 50~59 30 31~34 35~37 38~41 42+ 60+ 26 27~30 31~34 35~38 39+ VO max(ml/kg/min) VO R VO rest VO R VO max VO rest - 5 -

VO HRR HRmax HRrest 목표심박수 운동강도 HRR HRrest - 6 -

운동시VO METs 안정시VO METs 활동내역 1.0 조용히앉거나누워서 TV 보기, 음악감상, 차타기 2.0 요리, 양치질, 손씻기, 면도, 샤워, 평지에서천천히걷기 (54m/ 분 ) 3.0 앉아서낚시, 실내청소, 계단내려가기, 볼링, 배구 4.0 빠르게걷기 (95~100m/min), 자전거타기 (16Km/h 미만 ), 출퇴근, 휠체어밀기 수중운동, 탁구, 태극권 4.5 나무심기, 정원풀뽑기, 농사일, 가축먹이주기배드민턴, 골프 5.0 아이와놀기 ( 활발하게 ), 매우빠르게걷기 (107m/min), 야구 5.5 잔디깍기 ( 기계사용 ) 6.0 가구옮기기, 삽으로눈치우기, 재즈댄스, 농구, 천천히수영 6.5 에어로빅 7.0 조깅, 축구, 테니스, 배영, 스케이트, 스키 7.5 등산 8.0 무거운짐옮기기, 창고청소, 계단오르기 사이클 (20km/h), 런닝 (134m/min), 수영 ( 자유형 45m/min) 9.0 위층으로짐옮기기 10.0 달리기 (161m/min), 유도, 킥복싱, 태권도, 럭비, 수영 ( 평영 ) 11.0 수영 ( 접영, 자유형빠르게 (70m/min)), 활발한활동 15.0 뛰어서계단올라가기 - 7 -

RPE 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 자각정도아무런노력을기울이지않는다. 극히가볍다아주가볍다가볍다약간힘들다힘들다아주힘들다극도로힘들다최대의노력 - 8 -

VO R 상대운동강도 체력수준별절대운동강도 (METs) 강도 VO R (%), HRR(%) Maximal HR(%) 12 MET VO max 10 MET VO max 8 MET VO max 6 MET VO max 아주가볍다 (RPE9) 가볍다 (RPE11) 적당하다 (RPE12) 힘들다 (RPE15) 아주힘들다 (RPE17) 최대 (RPE20) <20 <50 <3.2 <2.8 <2.4 <2.0 20~39 50~63 3.2~5.3 2.8~4.5 2.4~3.7 2.0~3.0 40~59 64~76 5.4~7.5 4.6~6.3 3.8~5.1 3.1~4.0 60~84 77~93 7.6~10.2 6.4~8.6 5.2~6.9 4.1~5.2 85 94 10.3 8.7 7.0 5.3 100 100 12 10 8 6-9 -

a. 계단 b. 자전거에르고미터 c. 트레드밀 - 10 -

a. Balke b. Bruce c. Modified Bruce - 11 -

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ATP H O ADP P i H Energy - 13 -

포도당 ADP P i NAD 피루브산 ATP NADH H H O 포도당 ADP P i 젖산 ATP H O 유산소성에너지 무산소성에너지 생산속도 느리다 ( 몇분 ) 빠르다. 산소의필요성 필요 불필요 지속성 장시간지속 단시간발생 에너지원 글리코겐, 젖산, 지방 ATP, 크레아틴인산, 글리코겐 대산물 CO 2, H 2O ADP, 젖산 - 14 -

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VO max - 16 -

항 목 평균 ± 표준편차 범 위 나 이 26.9±2.2 23-32 키 (cm) 174.9±4.5 167-184 체중 (kg) 68.8±6.5 59-85 BMI 22.5±2.3 18.4-27.8-17 -

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a. TrueOne 2400 0 2 Analyzer CO 2 Analyzer Method Paramagnetic Infrared Range Range: 0-100% 0-10% Flow / Volume Measurement Rudolph screen pneumotach 0-800 Liters/minutes Accuracy 0.1% 0.1% +/-2% Response < 500 ms < 90 ms b. Q-Stress Protocols Standard Custom Bruce, Modified Bruce, Modified Balke, Naughton, USAF/SAM 2.0, USAF/SAM 3.3, Rampedlow, Ramped-medium, Ramped high, Astrand(ergometer), Persantine (pharmacological) Unlimited custom protocols can be created Patient Module AHA 10-electrode with pinch or snap connectors IEC 10-electrode with pinch or snap connectors Stage 속도 (mph) 경사 (%) 시간 (min) 누적시간 (min) 1 1.7 0 3 3 2 1.7 5 3 6 3 1.7 10 3 9 4 2.5 12 3 12 5 3.4 14 3 15 6 4.2 16 3 18 7 5.0 18 3 21-19 -

a. 가스분석장치착용과전극부착 b. 실험장비 - 20 -

Lead RA LA RL LL V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 전극부착부위우측쇄골하단좌측쇄골하단우측흉곽하단과전액와선의교차좌측흉곽하단과적액와선의교차흉골연우측의제4늑간흉골연좌측의제4늑간 V2와 V4사이의중간쇄골중앙선위에있는제5늑간적액와선위에서 V4와수평중액와선위에서 V4 및 V5와수평 - 21 -

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VO max VO max - 29 -

Subject bpm Stage1 Stage2 Stage3 Stage4 Stage5 Stage6 Stage7 1 HR* 101.80 106.58 116.16 138.29 168.41 189.80 RR** 17.70 17.43 16.60 19.84 27.60 37.69 2 HR 98.62 102.44 114.47 136.62 167.16 195.32 205.26 RR 17.89 18.19 12.78 13.52 18.63 25.52 35.16 3 HR 106.61 115.62 125.89 141.39 171.01 186.29 RR 21.78 22.39 23.76 24.87 29.59 36.03 4 HR 90.72 98.25 107.39 126.84 166.18 195.19 RR 8.83 11.87 12.27 14.76 24.36 33.80 5 HR 82.80 89.20 100.14 127.66 162.50 193.74 RR 14.91 15.01 14.58 13.78 19.56 30.60 6 HR 90.66 98.90 106.99 129.39 157.51 193.64 203.12 RR 21.30 21.34 23.15 22.12 23.56 31.87 43.43 7 HR 84.47 92.83 105.55 129.67 155.02 181.65 RR 19.79 17.75 14.33 14.00 16.25 35.04 8 HR 93.65 102.52 117.24 144.54 181.63 192.75 RR 7.47 9.21 11.69 12.86 25.65 42.24 9 HR 90.16 94.28 107.51 126.00 149.35 177.99 RR 18.37 20.27 17.95 17.07 18.18 37.65 10 HR 90.91 98.85 107.36 123.54 157.49 183.38 RR 17.81 17.65 16.25 17.26 24.33 31.84 11 HR 86.52 94.68 104.82 123.27 152.36 175.58 RR 24.68 23.66 25.05 25.56 29.91 41.92 12 HR 105.35 110.50 117.78 147.19 173.47 190.78 RR 16.18 14.86 15.87 19.27 24.36 34.32 13 HR 95.30 101.69 113.61 135.10 170.19 190.76 RR 11.81 12.27 12,94 13,99 20.85 31.88 14 HR 100.53 108.33 121.36 147.75 175.17 198.41 207.14 RR 18.33 18.28 18.89 17.51 19.90 25.25 33.40 15 HR 88.81 96.15 105.78 123.70 154.83 179.31 RR 17.32 17.12 15.58 20.25 27.47 34.52 16 HR 89.09 93.87 105.35 126.90 164.99 183.86 RR 18.33 15.07 16.83 17.30 22.45 31.16 17 HR 94.31 99.97 110.44 126.30 165.87 190.14 RR 24.62 22.36 26.31 26.42 31.09 36.21 18 HR 102.47 104.63 119.09 143.54 169.03 188.15 RR 18.73 16.66 15.74 16.19 21.02 25.48 19 HR 85.85 94.65 103.96 126.43 165.19 188.75 RR 19.31 20.12 18.38 17.00 31.00 38.90 20 HR 89.43 95.21 102.37 118.47 151.78 184.74 RR 22.57 21.87 21.65 23.87 27.91 34.18 HR* : Heart Rate; RR** : Respiration Rate - 30 -

a. subject 1 b. subject 2 c. subject 3 d. subject 4 e. subject 5 f. subject 6 g. subject 7 h. subject 8 i. subject 9 j. subject 10-31 -

a. subject 11 b. subject 12 c. subject 13 d. subject 14 e. subject 15 f. subject 16 g. subject 17 h. subject 18 i. subject 19 j. subject 20-32 -

HRR(%) Subject 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1 181.6 171.2 160.8 150.4 140 129.6 119.2 108.8 98.4 2 183.1 172.2 161.3 150.4 139.5 128.6 117.7 106.8 95.9 3 183.2 172.4 161.6 150.8 140 129.2 118.4 107.6 96.8 4 183.5 172 160.5 149 137.5 126 114.5 103 91.5 5 182.3 169.6 156.9 144.2 131.5 118.8 106.1 93.4 80.7 6 184.6 172.2 159.8 147.4 135 122.6 110.2 97.8 85.4 7 182.5 170 157.5 145 132.5 120 107.5 95 82.5 8 180.6 169.2 157.8 146.4 135 123.6 112.2 100.8 89.4 9 180.7 169.4 158.1 146.8 135.5 124.2 112.9 101.6 90.3 10 180 169 158 147 136 125 114 103 92 11 184.1 172.2 160.3 148.4 136.5 124.6 112.7 100.8 88.9 12 181 170 159 148 137 126 115 104 93 13 180.8 169.6 158.4 147.2 136 124.8 113.6 102.4 91.2 14 184.1 174.2 164.3 154.4 144.5 134.6 124.7 114.8 104.9 15 182.6 171.2 159.8 148.4 137 125.6 114.2 102.8 91.4 16 180.2 168.4 156.6 144.8 133 121.2 109.4 97.6 85.8 17 178.8 167.6 156.4 145.2 134 122.8 111.6 100.4 89.2 18 184.7 174.4 164.1 153.8 143.5 133.2 122.9 112.6 102.3 19 180.3 168.6 156.9 145.2 133.5 121.8 110.1 98.4 86.7 20 177.3 166.6 155.9 145.2 134.5 123.8 113.1 102.4 91.7 Mean 181.8 170.5 159.2 147.9 136.6 125.3 114 102.7 91.4 SDNN 2.00 2.09 2.41 2.89 3.45 4.07 4.72 5.39 6.08-33 -

VO HR VO VO VO - 34 -

a. 0-10% b. 10-20% c. 20-30% d. 30-40% e. 40-50% f. 50-60% g. 60-70% h. 70-80% i. 80-90% - 35 -

HRR(%) Subject 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1 0.98 0.94 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.99 0.60 0.11 0.41 2 0.97 0.95 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.98 0.75 0.90 -* 3 0.94 0.98 0.99 0.89 0.91 0.98 0.33 0.06-4 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.93 0.85 0.95 0.80 0.77 0.05 5 0.99 0.95 0.93 0.96 0.91 0.99 0.72 0.26-6 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.22 0.97 0.58 0.23 0.85 7 0.91 0.95 0.96 0.91 0.78 0.96 0.69 0.21 0.34 8 0.99 0.94 0.96 0.91 0.99 0.91 0.91 0.84 0.15 9 0.95 0.90 0.99 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.78 0.42 0.31 10 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.83 0.75-11 0.45 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.90 0.95 0.85 0.01-12 0.76 0.75 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.08 0.77 13 0.97 0.92 0.97 0.74 0.98 0.97 0.90 0.01 0.26 14 0.91 0.97 0.98 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.92 0.71 0.00 15 0.99 0.94 0.52 0.93 0.93 0.97 0.89 0.27 0.01 16 0.93 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.87 0.77 0.59-17 0.96 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.42 0.99 0.73 0.11-18 0.99 0.92 0.93 0.59 0.99 0.99 0.19 0.03 0.49 19 0.98 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.93 0.91 0.81 0.05 20 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.92 0.69 0.03 Mean 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.92 0.87 0.96 0.75 0.39 0.29 SDNN 0.12 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.20 0.03 0.20 0.33 0.27 * 운동부하시작과동시에범위를초과함 - 36 -

VO VO max VO max - 37 -

HR VO VO max VO max VO max VO max a. 90% HRR b. 80% HRR c. 70% HRR d. 60% HRR VO max - 38 -

subject 0-90% HRR 0-80% HRR 0-70% HRR 0-60% HRR 추정값 * 오차 ** 오차율 (%) 추정값오차오차율 (%) 추정값오차오차율 (%) 추정값오차오차율 (%) 1 37.78 2.74 6.76 37.8 2.72 6.71 39.07 1.45 3.58 38.5 2.02 4.99 2 42.35 1.97 4.44 40.92 3.4 7.67 41.92 2.4 5.42 42.81 1.51 3.41 3 47.58 1.58 3.21 48.11 1.05 2.14 46.41 2.75 5.59 45.9 3.26 6.63 4 41.5 0.45 1.07 42.79 0.84 2 44.85 2.9 6.91 45.51 3.56 8.49 5 42.37 3.8 8.23 42.4 3.77 8.17 42.27 2.9 6.42 41.99 4.18 9.05 6 44.03 2.09 4.53 42.79 3.33 7.22 42.98 3.14 6.81 42.65 3.47 7.52 7 46.23 1.91 3.97 43.17 4.97 10.32 43.26 4.88 10.14 40.67 7.47 15.52 8 34.27 3.6 9.51 34.21 3.66 9.66 35.51 2.36 6.23 34.89 2.98 7.87 9 52.18 1.23 2.41 50.18 0.77 1.51 49.27 1.68 3.3 47.72 3.23 6.34 10 41.23 1.62 3.78 42.22 0.63 1.47 44.31 1.46 3.41 44.77 1.92 4.48 11 50.41 1.29 2.63 50.73 1.61 3.28 53.86 4.74 9.65 60.21 11.09 22.58 12 38.52 4.73 10.94 39.26 3.99 9.23 40.22 3.03 7.01 39 4.25 9.83 13 38.89 0.94 2.48 38.88 0.93 2.45 40.68 2.73 7.19 40.24 2.29 6.03 14 36.88 18.95 33.94 36.01 19.82 35.5 35.75 20.08 35.97 34.04 21.79 39.03 15 34.68 3.71 9.66 34.64 3.75 9.77 32.49 5.9 15.37 30.16 8.23 21.44 16 48.63 0.44 0.9 47.33 1.74 3.55 47.59 1.48 3.02 47.23 1.84 3.75 17 46.78 6.98 12.98 47.75 6.01 11.18 47.21 6.55 12.18 49.59 4.17 7.76 18 44.85 11.72 20.72 42.8 13.77 24.34 41.21 15 27.15 41.2 15.37 27.17 19 41.44 0.03 0.07 43.49 2.08 5.02 45.74 4.33 10.46 45.48 4.07 9.83 20 47.21 0.72 1.5 47.93 0 0 49.56 1.63 3.4 52.08 4.15 8.66 mean 42.89 3.53 7.19 42.67 3.94 8.06 43.21 4.59 9.46 43.23 5.54 11.52 SDNN 5.10 4.53 8.07 4.92 4.78 8.43 5.21 4.79 8.34 6.69 5.15 9.21 * VO max(ml/kg/min), ** VO (ml/kg/min)

a. subject 14(0-50% HRR) b. subject 20(0-50% HRR) HR VO - 40 -

a. subject 7(0-50% HRR) b. subject 14(0-50% HRR) c. subject 15(0-50% HRR) d. subject 17(0-50% HRR) e. subject 18(0-50% HRR) - 41 -

HR VO VO HR VO HR VO HR VO HR VO HR VO VO max HR VO HR VO VO max - 42 -

subject 실측 1) 0-70%HRR 20-70%HRR 추정 2) 오차 3) 오차율 (%) 추정오차오차율 (%) 1 40.52 39.07 1.45 3.58 38.35 2.17 5.36 2 44.32 41.92 2.4 5.42 40.47 3.85 8.69 3 49.16 46.41 2.75 5.59 48.32 0.84 1.71 4 41.95 44.85 2.9 6.91 41.63 0.32 0.76 5 45.17 42.27 2.9 6.42 40.84 4.33 9.59 6 46.12 42.98 3.14 6.81 42.21 3.91 8.48 7 48.14 43.26 4.88 10.14 44.34 3.80 7.89 8 37.87 35.51 2.36 6.23 33.73 4.14 10.93 9 50.95 49.27 1.68 3.3 51.37 0.42 0.82 10 42.85 44.31 1.46 3.41 42.97 0.12 0.28 11 49.12 53.86 4.74 9.65 52.71 3.59 7.31 12 43.25 40.22 3.03 7.01 41 2.25 5.20 13 37.95 40.68 2.73 7.19 39.71 1.76 4.64 14 55.83 35.75 20.08 35.97 50.73 5.10 9.13 15 38.39 32.49 5.9 15.37 35.87 2.52 6.56 16 49.07 47.59 1.48 3.02 45.57 3.50 7.13 17 53.76 47.21 6.55 12.18 47.78 5.98 11.12 18 56.57 41.21 15 27.15 52.49 4.08 7.21 19 41.41 45.74 4.33 10.46 43.7 2.29 5.53 20 47.93 49.56 1.63 3.4 48.85 0.92 1.92 Mean 46.02 43.21 4.59 9.46 44.13 2.80 6.01 SDNN 5.66 5.21 4.79 8.34 5.48 1.69 3.40 1) VO max(ml/kg/min), 2) VO max(ml/kg/min), 3) 추정 - 실측 (ml/kg/min) - 43 -

HR VO HR VO - 44 -

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VO max - 48 -

VO max VO max - 49 -