1. (enzyme) (amylase). 19. (cellulase). (biotechnology)., (denimwashing) (bio-polishing), (catalase), (protease). (pectinase) (peroxidase).,... (esterase), (aminase), (nitrilase).. ph..,.. Figure 1.. 292
Figure 1. Enzymes using in cotton preparation. 2. (desizing)... Figure 2. α-1,4-glucoside linkage, β-1,4-glucoside.. ph 60 10-15 90 Figure 2. Structures of cellulose and amylose. 293
Figure 3. Waxes on the cotton surface(stained with Oil Red O).. triglycerides [1]. 3. /, [2].,,, [3]. [4]. ph.. 90 10.,. Figure 4. Pectins on the cotton surface(stained with Ruthenium Red)..,, xylanase [5,6].. [7-9].? [10]. (Figure 3) (Figure 4) (Figure 5). Figure 5. Diagram of cotton surface. 294
Figure 6. Enzymes degrading pectic substances. Figure 7. Degradation of pectin by pectate lyase. Figure 8. Generation of hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidase... pectin lyase, pectate lyase, polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, pectin acetyl esterase (Figure 6). pectate lyase Bacillus bacteria endo-type. Figure 7. ph 8.2, 55.. emulsification [10]. [4, 11].,. [12], softness [13].. ph,.. 4. - (glucose oxidase: GOD) gluconic acid (Figure 8) [14],. --.. ( 295
. [20]. 3~5. 5. Figure 9. Stability of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction liquor. ) (Figure 9), [15]..... [16-19]. (immobilized enzyme) (free-enzyme).,. [21]., 1 1 5.,,. 20~50, ph.., [22]. 6. 296
COD BOD [23].,,, [24].. (lignin) (white-rot fungi), [25]. laccase, lignin peroxidase(lip), manganese peroxidase(mnp),. mediator,,,. 50% [26]. (activated agarose) 10 85%, 3 70%. free enzyme 38 13 mediator 26 mediator. LiP MnP Figure 10. The catalytic cycle of P.chrysosporium LiP and MnP.. (Figure 10). (native enzyme) (oxidized state) compound I. compound I compound II. compound I compound II. compound II veratryl alcohol(3,4-dimethoxy benzylalcohol) compound II. LiP veratryl alcohol. MnP Mn 2 + compound II [24]. peroxidase.... 297
7. 7.1. Bio-polishing Figure 11. Cellulase actions. (fuzzy fiber) bio-polishing. (whole cellulase) endoglucanase(eg), cellobiohydrolase(cbh) cellobiase 3 [27,28]. endo-glucanase, exo-type CBH cellulose. cellobiase cellobiose glucose (Figure 11)., EG CBH cellobiose. cellobiasecellobiose glucose., (microfibril) CBH. EG EG.. bio-polishing.,.. 7.2... 5~10% [29]. 7.3. stonewashing 20.. denim-washing backstaining [30]. -. Genencor [31].. 298
.. [32]. ( ). 8. 8.1.,. (weight loss). [33]. 8.2. (scale). chlorine. [34]. peptide [35]... (lypase)... 8.3. Figure 12.. (retting). water retting dew retting. water retting bacteria,. dew retting water retting [36]. dew retting 1980 Figure 12. Cross-section of flax. 299
.. (hemicellulase),. ( ).. [37,38]. 9.... (esterase) ester bond. (amidase) (nitrylase) [39]. 10. 10.1. DP. (durable press finish). dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU).. DP.. DP [40]... DMDHEU amide linkage. DMDHEU 5~10%. DMDHEU. 10.2. (hexokinase) phosphoryl adenosine- 5 -triphosphate(atp) 6-hydroxyl 300
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