Vol.7, No.4, April (2017), pp. 385-393 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.04.51 동절기고속철도차량출입문개방시출입문주변온도및 풍속변화연구 조영민박원희박덕신권순박 요약 고속철도차량의승강장은대부분지상에위치하고외부에노출되어있기때문에승객의승하차시에출입문을통해외기가유입되는데특히동절기에는차가운외기가객실내부로유입되어출입문근처에앉은승객의열적쾌적성이크게저하된다본연구에서는출입문개방에따른객실내외부의온도및풍속변화를통해출입문개방시발생하는공기유동경로를알아보고자하였다실험용고속철도객차를일정한외기온도유지가가능한대형환경챔버에넣고객실및출입문내외부에온도센서와풍속센서를설치하였다난방장치가가동되는조건에서출입문을개방할때객실내외부의온도및출입문안쪽과바깥쪽의온도와풍속을측정하였다측정결과출입문을열게되면객실내부의뜨거운공기가강하게외부로유출되고이에따라차가운외기가객실내부로유입되어객실내부의온도가크게떨어지는것을볼수있었다본연구결과는출입문개방시따른승객의온열쾌적성저하를최소화할수있는방안도출에이용할수있을것으로기대된다핵심어온열쾌적성고속열차출입문개폐온도풍속 Abstract Most of platforms of high-speed trains are directly exposed to ambient air, because they are mostly located on the ground. For this reason, door opening of the trains in winter season may cause the inflow of cold ambient air, which lowers the thermal comfort of passengers near the doors. In this study, the air Received (February 10, 2017), Review Result (February 24, 2017) Accepted (March 6, 2017), Published (April 30, 2017) 이논문은국토교통부와국토교통과학기술진흥원철도기술연구사업철도완성차기후환경시험시스템개발의지원으로작성되었습니다 Copyright 2017 HSST 385
flow through the door during door opening was studied by investigating the change in temperature and wind speed near the door. A test high-speed train car was placed in a climatic chamber, and the temperature sensors and wind speed sensors were installed inside and outside of the cabin and door. The changes in temperatures and wind speeds inside and outside of the cabin and door with door opening were measured. The results showed that warm cabin air go out of the cabin through the upper parts of opened door with door opening, which caused the indirect inflow of cold ambient air through the lower parts of opened door. These results are expected to be used to find a way to minimize the reduction of passengers thermal comfort during door opening in winter season. Keywords : thermal comfort, high-speed train, door opening and closing, temperature, wind speed 서론 철도이용승객의민원중가장많은부분을차지하고있는것이열차의냉난방에관한것일만큼열차의온열쾌적성은매우중요하다건물이나자동차등의온열쾌적성연구는그동안상당히많이이루어져왔으나철도차량객실의온열쾌적성에대한연구는상대적으로많이이루어지지않았다현재국내고속철도승강장의대부분은지상에위치해있어외기에직접노출된경우가많기때문에동절기에출입문을개방하게되면열린출입문을통해차가운외기가객실내부로유입된다이때객실내부출입문근처의온도가급격하게떨어지고이는출입문근처의좌석에앉은승객의온열쾌적성저하로이어진다이러한승객의온열쾌적성저하를최소화하기위해서는우선출입문개방시공기의이동특성을파악하는것이중요한데출입문개방에따른출입문부근의온도및풍속변화에대한연구는보고된바없다이에본연구에서는출입문내외부와객실내부등에온도센서와풍속센서를설치하고연속적으로측정함으로써고속철도차량의출입문개방시출입문을통한공기유동양상을정량적으로분석하였다 실험센서 실험방법 일정한외기온도로유지가가능한대형환경챔버에객실내부의크기가인실험용고속철도객차량을준비하고과같이국제시험규격에따라객실내부에는개지점객실외부에는개지점에온도센서를설치하여객실내부및외부의온도변화를동시에모니터링할수있도록하였다또한출입문개폐에따른온도및풍속변화를모니터링하기위하여실험용객차에있는개의객실출입문중앞쪽출입문의안쪽출입문과떨어진지점에개의온도센서와개의풍속센서를설치하였다출입문안쪽에설치된개의온도센서와개의풍속센서는출입문안쪽의온도및풍속변화실험이종료된후에동일조건에서출입문바깥쪽떨어진지점으로이동하고위와동일실험을반복하여수행함으로써출입문개방에따른 386 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.4, April (2017) 출입문의안쪽과바깥쪽의온도와풍속변화를알아볼수있도록하였다 객차내부온도센서및풍속센서설치위치 실험방법 실험용고속철도가있는대형환경챔버의온도를국내동절기의평균온도와유사한로유지하도록하였고동시에객차내부에설치된난방기를가동하여객실내부의온도를약로유지하였다객실내부의온도가일정해지면뒤쪽출입문은닫은채로앞쪽출입문만열고출입문개방전부터개방후까지의각측정지점에서의온도및풍속변화를모니터링하였다 결과 앞쪽출입문을개방하기전부터개방한이후의객실내부의앞부분중간부분뒷부분의위치별개지점개지점개지점개지점의평균온도의변화를에나타냈다출입문을열기전에객실온도는중간부분이약로가장높았고뒷부분과앞부분이각각와로중간부분보다다소낮았는데이는앞부분과뒷부분이중간부분에비해출입문을통해외기의영향을더많이받기때문이다앞쪽출입문을개방하자개방시간 Copyright 2017 HSST 387
은에서로표시객실내부의온도가급격하게떨어졌는데개방후까지는선형적으로온도가떨어지다가이후기울기가완만해지는것으로나타났다경과후앞부분은중간부분은뒷부분은로각각가떨어졌는데개방된출입문과가까운앞쪽에서온도하강이컸고출입문과먼뒤쪽에서는온도하강이작게나타나서출입문개방이출입문주변의온도변화에더크게영향을미침을확인할수있었다 25 20 15 10 5 0 Mid Back Average Front Exterior -5 객실내부의위치에따른평균온도변화 앞쪽출입문을개방하기전부터개방한이후의객실내부에서개지점개지점개지점의높이별평균온도변화를에나타냈다출입문을열기전의높이별평균온도는에서에서에서로바닥면에서의높이가높을수록온도가높았다이는객실내부에공기유동이없을경우따뜻한공기는밀도가작아서상부로이동하고차가운공기는밀도가커서하부로이동하기때문이다이상태에서앞쪽출입문을개방하게되면객실내부의온도가급격하게떨어지는데경과후에서에서에서로각각가떨어져서객실상부보다는객실하부에서의온도하강이매우큰것을볼수있었다이는좌석에앉아있는승객이서있는승객보다출입문개방에따른온도하강의영향을더크게받을수있음을의미한다는앞쪽출입문개방전부터개방이후까지출입문안쪽지점에서높이에서의각높이별개지점의평균온도변화를나타낸것이다출입문을개방하기전에는높이별평균온도가에서에서에서로높이가낮을수록온도도낮게나타났는데이는위에서살펴본에서의객실에서의높이별온도경향과동일함을확인할수있었다여기에서출입문을개방하면에서의온도는초기출입문개방후까지는까지상승하다가경과후에는다시하강하기시작하여출입문개방경과후에는경과후에는까지감소하는것을볼수있었다이는객실내 388 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.4, April (2017) 부의따뜻한공기가높이를통해출입문밖으로나감을간접적으로보여준다반면에와에서의온도는출입문을개방하자마자지속적으로하강하여출입문개방경과후에에서는에서는외기온도와크게차이가없는까지하강하였고이후로는이온도가거의그대로유지됨을볼수있었는데이는위에서본바와같이객실내부에서도좌석에앉아있는승객이서있는승객보다출입문개방에따른온도하강의영향을더크게받을수있음을의미한다 25 20 15 10 5 0 1.7m 1.1m Average 0.1m Exterior -5 객실내부의높이에따른평균온도변화 25 20 15 10 5 0 Inside of Door 2.0 m Inside of Door 1.2 m Inside of Door 0.4 m -5 출입문안쪽에서의높이별평균온도변화 는출입문바깥쪽에서의출입문개방전후의높이지점에서의각높이별개지점의평균온도변화를나타낸것이다출입문을개방하기전출입문바깥쪽에서의평 Copyright 2017 HSST 389
균온도는높이에서로가장높았고높이에서높이에서로높이가낮을수록온도도조금씩낮아지는것으로나타났는데이는난방이되고있는객실내부의열이출입문을통한열전달및출입문주변을통한누기와함께밖으로전달되고이렇게전달된열도상대적으로따뜻한공기는상부로이동하기때문에하부로내려갈수록온도가낮아지는것으로보인다출입문을개방하였더니높이에서는온도가급격하게상승하였고높이와높이에서는오히려온도가조금씩하강하였다출입문개방경과후의높이에서의온도는까지상승한반면에높이와높이에서의온도는각각와로오히려소폭하강하였다이는앞의에서본바와같이출입문의개방과동시에객실상부의따뜻한공기가출입문상부를통해외기로유출되고이렇게따뜻한공기가빠져나간공간을출입문의하부를통해객실내부로유입되는차가운외기가채우게되기때문이다 25 20 15 10 5 Inside of Door 2.0 m Inside of Door 1.2 m Inside of Door 0.4 m 0-5 출입문바깥쪽에서의높이별평균온도변화 은출입문안쪽에서의출입문개방전후의높이지점에서의각높이별개지점의평균풍속변화를나타낸것이다출입문을열기전에는높이와무관하게풍속이매우낮아바람이거의불지않았다그러나출입문을개방함과동시에강하게바람이형성되었는데특히높이에서의풍속이가장크게나타났고높이에서의풍속이가장약하게나타났다특히높이에서의풍속은처음출입문을개방하였을때에는순간적으로약이상까지증가하였다가점차감소하여경과후에는약까지감소하였다반면에높이와높이에서의풍속은각각약와로높이에서의풍속에비해상대적으로매우낮게나타났다이는출입문을개방할때출입문의중간부분내지는윗부분을통해서객실내부의따뜻한공기가빠른속도로외부로유출됨을의미한다은출입문바깥쪽에서의출입문개방전후의높이지점에서의각높이별개지점의평균풍속변화를나타낸것이다출입문을열기전에는출입문안쪽과마찬가지 390 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.4, April (2017) 로높이와무관하게풍속이매우낮아바람이거의불지않았다그러나출입문을개방함과동시에역시강하게바람이형성되었는데높이와높이에서의풍속이큰반면에에서의풍속이가장약하게나타났다의출입문안쪽에서는에서의풍속이에서의풍속보다약했던반면에의출입문바깥쪽에서는와에서의풍속이유사하였는데출입문개방경과후높이높이높이에서의풍속은각각약로나타났다출입문바깥쪽높이와높이에서의풍속은의출입문안쪽에서의풍속보다낮았는데이는객실내부에서도상부에있는뜨거운공기가출입문개방과함께출입문의상부를통해서외부로유출됨을의미한다이는위의에서본바와같이뜨거운공기가출입문을통해바깥쪽으로나가면서출입문바깥쪽에서의온도가크게증가한것에서도확인할수있다이처럼뜨거운실내공기가출입문의개방에따라외기로빠져나가면서이렇게나간공간을차가운외기가채우면서객실하부의온도를크게떨어뜨리게됨을의미한다 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Inside of Door 1.2 m Inside of Door 2.0 m Inside of Door 0.4 m 출입문안쪽에서의높이별평균풍속변화 Copyright 2017 HSST 391
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Outside of Door 2.0 m Outside of Door 1.2 m Outside of Door 0.4 m 출입문바깥쪽에서의높이별평균풍속변화 결론 동절기객실의난방상태에서객실출입문을개방하면출입문의상부를통해객실내부의뜨거운공기가외부로빠르게유출되고이렇게뜨거운공기가빠져나간객실내부의공간으로차가운외기가서서히유입되면서객실하부의온도가특히크게떨어짐을확인할수있었다따라서출입문개방에따른객실의온열쾌적성저하를최소화하기위해서는출입문상부를통해외기로유출되는따뜻한공기의유동을최소화하는것이필요함을확인할수있었다 References [1] B. Torregrosa-Jaime, F. Bjurling, J. M. Corberan, F. Di Sciullo, J. Pay, Applied Thermal Engineering (2015), Vol.75, pp45-53. [2] K. Huang, G. Feng, H. Li, S. Yub, Energy and Buildings (2014), Vol.84, pp567 574. [3] D. Marcos, F. J. Pino, C. Bordons, J. J. Guerra, Applied Thermal Engineering (2014), Vol.66, pp646-656. [4] U. Pala, H. R. Oz, Applied Ergonomics (2015), Vol.48, pp164-176. [5] A. Alahmer, M. Omar, A. R. Mayyas, A. Qattawi, Building and Environment (2012), Vol.48, pp146-163. [6] K.W.D. Cheong, W.J. Yu, S.C. Sekhar, K.W. Tham, R. Kosonen, Building and Environment (2007), Vol 42, pp525-533. [7] E.Z.E. Conceiçáo, M.M.J.R. Lúcio, Building and Environment (2008), Vol.43, pp782-792. [8] Y. Cho, Y.-K. Yoon, D. Park, T.-W. Kim, S.-B. Kwon, W.-S. Jung, H.-M. Kim, Journal of the Korean 392 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.4, April (2017) Society for Railway (2012), Vol.15, No.15, pp.558-565. [9] Y. Cho, D. Park, S.-B. Kwon, W.-S. Jung, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society (2014), Vol.15, No.9, pp.5877-5884. [10] International Union of Railways, Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning in Coaches, Code 553 (2004). [11] European Committee for Standardization, Railway Applications-Air Conditioning for Urban and Suburban Rolling Stock Part 2: Type tests, BS EN 14750-2: 2006 (2006). Copyright 2017 HSST 393