(001~121)기출플영독(해)OK

Transcription

1

2 정답한눈에보기 01 지칭추론 04 빈칸추론 (2) 어법 글의목적 빈칸추론 (1) 시각자료의활용

3 07 무관한문장찾기 10 내용일치 불일치 연결사추론 11 글의주제 어휘추론 12 글의순서

4 정답한눈에보기 13 단락속에문장넣기 16 글의요지 심경 분위기 17 글의제목 필자의주장 18 문단요약

5 19 세트형문항 (1) 20 세트형문항 (2)

6 Answers &Explanations 01 지칭추론 Budapest von Neumann 8 12 von Neumann Budapest Berlin Budapest von Neumann By age twenty-five he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.: had undeniably chemical engineering compromise bargain enroll promptly semester publish definition ordinal number 02 Sea World Dave Butcher The sea lions were friendly to those humans they knew and enjoyed being with them.: were enjoyed The sea lions they knew that which those humans reward consequently irritable sunbathe pile food deprivation 03 6

7 She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter.: it to travel ~ daughter to distract hotly woeful compassion distressed revalidate arrange 04 Florida Maryland For myself I kept a solitary piece of china, one of the few remaining plates from the set my grandfather bought my mother for her wedding.: a solitary piece of china one ~ wedding remind failing health sort through belongings solitary comrade delicate reminder hospitality 05 Zaynab Fawwaz South Lebanon Alexandria Zaynab Fatima Zaynab The Zaynab Letters Zaynab Fawwaz Zaynab Fawwaz As (she was) a young girl she went to Alexandria with the Egyptian family for whom she worked.: As (she)+be(was) mistress intrigued literate arithmetic pioneering 06 Sarah Sarah Sarah 7

8 Answers &Explanations Sarah Sarah She The storekeeper A price list stuck up crooked beside the candy told her she could buy half a loaf of oversweetened white bread, if she wanted, or a scoop of frozen peas.: stuck A price list A price list told combination convenience store storekeeper occupant wrinkled faded conserve stick up crooked oversweeten acknowledge 07 Ellen Langer Langer Langer Ellen Langer Ellen Langer She d long since gotten roasting pans in larger sizes and hadn t cut an end off since.: She d ~ gotten hadn t cut roast routine long since mindlessly 08 As he passed the crew of slaves, he asked several of them what their offenses were.as what were asked crew offense innocent lay put, place the blame on at fault seize scoundrel set ~ free admission 09 8

9 Vence 1940 Henri Matisse came late to painting, having trained to be a lawyer to please his father.: having trained Henri Matisse having trained because as he had trained In 1917 Matisse began to spend winters in Vence, where he donated a chapel of his own design that is one of the most moving religious buildings in Europe.: where where ~ in Europe Vence that that ~ in Europe a chapel recover surgery how-to book attorney henceforth donate chapel devote oneself to detail Stephanie Betty Stephanie Best Wedding Stephanie Betty Betty Stephanie Betty Betty Stephanie One day in February 2009, Stephanie called Betty, her best friend, who was the only employee of her business Best Wedding.: her best friend Betty dwindling revenue colleague businesslike fashion figure out disengage document 11 Evelyn Julie Julie Foulke Julie Julie Evelyn Julie Taking a closer look, she found her thumb to be somewhat more swollen.: Taking a closer look As she took a closer look nursery toss feverishly odd exclamation inflamed sore physician check on 9

10 Answers &Explanations smooth 12 Lantin 7 8 Lantin 12,000 15,000 The man took the article, examined it, turned it over, weighed it, and took up a magnifying glass to look at it more closely.: The man took, examined, turned, weighed, took up to look at to imitation at length take up ceremony 13 workmanship article magnifying glass purchase Kate Joan 3 Joan Joan Joan Kate Kate Joan Joan Kate Joan Kate Joan (Being) Intent on one of the pictures, she took a step back and hit the small table, tipping it over.: Intent on one of the pictures Being tipping it over chat cup and saucer wander intent tip over negligence compensate volunteer fair particular 14 New Jersey Staten Island ~ glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.: glancing ~ her 10

11 toll booth attendant remind A of B pile cash register 어법 John John John 27 John When things didn t go his way, he began to go downhill, complaining about the game, screaming at himself, and slamming his racket.: complaining ~ racket he fit temper singles match things don t go one s way go downhill slam nervous breakdown insult 01 (A) that two observers evaluating (B) a javelin was thrown (C) evaluation of performances such as ~ figure skating it From the point of view of research in motor behavior, it is important to use performances in the laboratory for which the scoring can be as objective as possible.: it to use for which ~ possible performances in the laboratory term objectivity be subject to verification objective subjective 11

12 Answers &Explanations tape measure regardless of elaborate laboratory yield gymnastics motor behavior immeasurably spark look to reclaim refined standardized sourdough the popularity of fine breads and pastries popularity are is air transportation carries air transportation that alike that some of the flavors of old-fashioned bread were lost for producing In the twentieth century, [advances in technology, from refrigeration to sophisticated ovens to air transportation {that carries fresh ingredients around the world}], contributed immeasurably to baking and pastry making.: [advances ~ world] contributed from A to B A B that ~ world air transportation 3 to operate operating stopped to operate the washing machine supply supplied that says sounds unfair make us pay As it is wholly the company s responsibility to correct the defect, I hope you will not make us pay for the labor component of its repair.: As ~ defect it to correct the defect refrigeration sophisticated transportation ingredient contribute to servicing spare defect wholly warranty manufacture entirely component 12

13 04 dysfunctional avenger agent The combustion of oxygen ~ and active sending sends that tiny cellular factories of energy to to fight mobilizes move uncontrollably These fierce radicals build built On the other hand, free radicals move uncontrollably through the body, [attacking cells, rusting their proteins, piercing their membranes and corrupting their genetic code] [until the cells become dysfunctional and sometimes give up and die].: attacking cells, rusting ~ proteins, piercing ~ membranes, corrupting ~ code and combustion mobilize infectious agent burst uncontrollably pierce genetic code 05 5,000 2, (A) objects that (B) and Get buy (C) (Throwing things out) hurts To do so often leads to frustration because what you wind up purchasing is an expensive warehouse for your furniture, and that is usually the wrong investment.: To do so leads what condominium belongings fruitless odd investment frustration wind up -ing warehouse consequence 06 13

14 Answers &Explanations 4 (A) spend the winter which (B) without being the fact being known (C) remains have Their stomachs have yielded the bones of a species of fish that has never been seen alive.: have that has ~ alive a species of fish to any great extent sardine mackerel presumably compete significant yield remains inhabit continental shelf 07 find finding it becomes be being that a problem (that you ~ solving) either too Make constant efforts until everyone (whom) you explain your idea to understands it.: you explain your idea to whom everyone colleague consumer constant effort this is all to do with 08 which where 14

15 how music s ability ~ this way might be explained might that that their speed ~ accordingly that drivers ~ music is just as ~, so... Given that music appears to enhance physical and mental skills, are there circumstances where music is damaging to performance?: Given that ~ where (where ~ performance) circumstances It s impossible to know for sure if cats dream just like we do.: know if whisker paw growl purr chase nap adjust routine 10 enhance domain of significance association reckless adjust regularity ongoing (A) growling, purring occasionally (B) saving to to save to save pass (C) the early morning and evenings when Aerobic why establish doing people establish people and train train to referred something referred to as suchsuch a n cf. so a(n) is that that It s not surprising that the demands (that) you make on your body when you ask it to sustain an aerobic activity train your lungs to deliver oxygen and ~.: It that that the demands trainthe demands that which 15

16 Answers &Explanations sustain referred to as enzyme pronounced overlook establish metabolism lean extended 11 New York TimesGuardian (A) some of the dollars spent (B) whatever whatever news (C) following Of course some of this decline in newspaper reading has been due to the fact that we are doing more of our newspaper reading online.that ~ online the fact on the decline migrate access wirelessly migration trail 12 the proscenium of a stage which on which (actors) (appear) Adapting novels be is other other did not encourage filming plays seemed suitable Being a hybrid art as well as a late one, film has always been in a dialogue with other narrative genres. Being ~ one film Since As it is ~ one take ~ for granted recycling adapt respectable novelization barbarous hybrid potent illusionist correspond to distinctive intervention mobility plot adaptation 13 16

17 (A) of these firsts many (B) we can (do) anything to to contain (C) (you re ~ in the profession) knowing And we re hoping you ll be willing to help these students make it through the program.: help (to) make to maneuver desktop publishing program budding compromise generously profession the extrinsic reward is which universities and laboratories in in which breakthroughs ones in that meaning Today, the world of innovation is far different from what it was a century ago.: what what from solitary oversimplify bubble out academia architecture quest extrinsic recognition Deseada fragatas 1762 (A) the part that (B) the Indians who were (C) who 17

18 Answers &Explanations This island is said to have obtained its name from the desire Christopher Columbus felt of seeing land on his second voyage in 1493.: This island say is said to have obtained is said belong to the Lesser Antilles voyage width abound in cavern restore Peace of Paris possession toward them, they are ready to react more quickly than they would without such advance notice.: would react than they would (react) without such advance notice a school of fish flock command determine initiate astounding advance simultaneous is That appears to us as simultaneous That That What may have almost instantly any individual coming the wave Because individuals can see, or sense, the wave coming , ,540 Sitka Sitka (A) a ship traveling (B) where (C) longer even ~, a ship traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys.: a ship lost adrift float current 18 landfall completely 18

19 possible technical solutions was were were placed It(= One company) its to the other company dividing did solve One company developed what it called a technology shelf, created by a small group of engineers, on which were placed possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future.: what created a technology shelf that technical solutions open-ended boundary deliberately ambiguous seeming clarity discipline territory 19 (A) is subtle (B) I was certain who (C) that the questions deal dealt ~ no matter how touchy the question, ~: no matter how ~ however ~ deviation subtle obvious acquaintance deal with significantly 20 variation pause abrupt sensitive touchy Malinowski the intimate details of family life observed observing 19

20 Answers &Explanations observing He detailed intricacy in which the way the way how that in which make (fieldwork) sound adventure adopts ~ as he tells it, such observations seem possible and accessible.: seem possible accessible. say what. (B) had read summarize (C) they Asked. (Being) Asked ~ read Being. When (they are) induced to give spoken or written witness to something they doubt, ~.: When be Having said positive things, they also then liked the person more themselves.: having themselves fieldwork hallmark anthropology intricacy anthropologist standing account adventuresome exotic classic intensely adopt go on to routine stroll intimate accessible 21 Tory Higgins (A) that what induce give witness (to) deceit compelling external summarize recipient be prone to adjust alter 22 try, (trying) to (to try). what is 20

21 we (are trapped). to see to. sound(~ ) obvious What is required is not a better diet, but an alternative way to feel comforted and relaxed.: What What is required, not A but B(A B). to feel way to. demonstrably paradox around countless implication resolve replace A with B leaky alternative 23 cor 300 La Rochefoucauld who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth persons achieve. Latin word cor. which a right course of action. to show It. their halfhearted individuals. On the other hand, halfhearted individuals are seldom distinguished for courage ~.: seldom hardly, scarcely, rarely. derive from disapproval hostility contempt unwitnessed indifference wholehearted take a stand halfhearted distinguished welfare 24 (A) sosuch ~ that... ~, imprudent So. (B) try We think. (C) find them occupy occupied We anticipate the future as if we found it too slow in coming and we were trying to hurry it up.: as if (found, were), ( ~ ). hurry ~ up it hurry up. anticipate imprudent belong to arrange certainty wholly shed light on 21

22 Answers &Explanations 25 jack-of-all-trades jack of all trades and master of none jacks of all trades and masters of none be are does is shortened version shortened who those claim advertising became evident 26 It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.: those who ~. who claim cannot perform jack-of-all-trades proficient knowledgeable substantial industrialist self-appointed Potter Potter (A) other another (B) if (C) accepted remarked Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.: had transatlantic liner cabin accommodation inquire valuable ordinarily avail oneself of 27 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle George Meredith Meredith Meredith Conan Doyle Meredith Conan Doyle Meredith 22

23 Conan Doyle judged that the fall was a mere slip and could not have hurt Meredith which where cause to to fall Conan Doyle heard ~ behind him as if had far placed (C) keep all the villagers himself Wanting to honor as well as observe him, the villagers prepared a banquet.: Wanting ~ him the villagers legend renowned flawless observe banquet slippery tofu excess propel fling ~ when Conan Doyle heard the old novelist fall behind him.: heard the old novelist fall delicacy occasionally summerhouse stride(-strode-stridden) fiercely instinct humiliation relief 28 (A) the man held his chopsticks how (B) he 23

24 Answers &Explanations 03 빈칸추론 (1) Teflon Post-it 5 HP HP matched to a product Despite its accuracy, there was no clear use for the device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.: Despite its accuracy it the device obvious application innovation slippery synthetic substance cooking utensil coat on the back of potentially profitable breakthrough super-accurate thermometer fluctuation match 02 Edmund Pellegrino Edmund Pellegrino cloud judgment and paralyze choice If a physician identifies too closely as co-sufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be 24

25 done, and of what should be done to meet those needs.: the most precise assessment of ~ wrongof ~ doneof ~ needs empathy sensitivity perspective bioethics identify with objectivity inaction paralyze 03 25% 1960 Abebe Bikila Abebe Bikila Abebe Bikila simplicity Contrast his approach with that of the late Abebe Bikila, the Ethiopian who won the 1960 Olympic Marathon running barefoot.: that the approach who ~ barefoot the Ethiopian recognize excellence flow high-tech world-class constantly hook oneself up to pulse pace keeper good athletic devote A to B external complex contrast barefoot 04 testing it against another set of ideas This approach is the foundation for the modern Western way of life, in which politics, commerce, science, and law are all rooted in orderly competition.: which the modern Western way of life in which where be rooted 25

26 Answers &Explanations contemporary be traced back to golden age lay the foundation(s) for novel pursue rational inquiry evaluate sphere rhetorical supremacy reasoned prompt orderly gaze dominant subordinate restricted humility dictate attentive face back freedom In all cultures [in which eye-gaze behavior has been studied], science confirms [that those who are dominant have more freedom in using it].: all cultures in which where confirms who are dominant that those TV richness of life TV It is very useful [to ensure that scientific measurements are taken accurately and so on], but as far as life is concerned, it is a bit like [turning the color off on your TV so that you see everything in black and white] and then [saying that is more truthful].: to like and so that ~ white objectivity interpretation deliberately ensure measurement as far as ~ concerned turn down 26

27 F. Scott Fitzgerald Crow Plenty Coups Crow (A) confirmation bias Crow opposite (B) Crow rejected It does this by [overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel] and [undervaluing or simply disregarding evidence that refutes it].: by and that ~ feel that ~ it evidence sensitive to loss Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they will not.: will not take longer to leave a parking spot childlike parking spot hesitation particularly predict strictly speaking hesitant give up first-rate bias contradiction disregard testimony despair function confront overvalue refute fall to the ground warrior 09 27

28 Answers &Explanations evaluate the relative merits Where wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, causing a negative impact on the environment.: Where ~ the globe causing ~ environment alternative endangered teak deforestation tropical rainforest fire- and pest-resistance inherent a two-way street But its cultivation (like that of other plants) prompted people to adopt a new lifestyle based on farming.: cultivation that domesticate n. domestication bargain abundant prompt pain in the neck zero-sum game

29 snowballs into a big ball of daily disasters While there s plenty of research that shows that people who work with the muscles above their neck create all kinds of stresses for themselves, it s the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how) who can manage the day-to-day problems more easily.: research that plenty of research shows that shows it s ~ who... the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how) tedious annoyance struggle roadblock as opposed to maintenance disrupt flip side align with belittle (A) update (B) indecision On the other hand, reevaluating our alternatives after making a decision increases our commitment to the action taken and keeps us moving forward.: reevaluating ~ a decision increases keeps option concur with second-guess insanity interfere with halt reevaluate commitment indecision update 12 Michele Jenny 13 29

30 Answers &Explanations people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given time(bottleneck) amount quantity It is known that people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given time.: It that people ~ time that (that they ~ time) information limited bottleneck appealing restrict passageway 14 lost in groups Consider how often you ve passed someone who is pulled over on the side of the road with car trouble.: how ~ trouble Consider how often you have passed who (who ~ trouble) someone pull over justify corporation set up assign organization individual excuse a net cooling across entire regions Instead of trapping warm air in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, fine particles like sulfate reflect the 30

31 sun s light and heat.: Instead of trapping like notorious sulfate depletion droplet 16 emission respiratory particle a scientific finding being distorted However, none of this has stopped eager parents spurred on by fantastic claims from unethical companies from purchasing Mozart CDs for their babies.: stop+ +from -ing warrant selection spatial reasoning jigsaw replicate stimulation spur 17 (A) reduce (B) cheaper When a company comes out with a new product, its competitors typically go on the defensive, doing whatever they can to reduce the odds that the offering will eat into their sales.: whatever anything that that that ~ sales the odds product competitor on the defensive odds offering 31

32 Answers &Explanations channel expansion misguided conventional wisdom underlying by comparison adjust 18 (I never see her.) visible Getting out of the office and mixing with employees is a simple solution to a very common trust problem.: is look on the positive side If your supporting comments outweigh the critical ones, the other person will feel reassured that you re considering their idea and is likely to be more receptive to what you say.: the other person will feel is reject normal avenue squash defensively argument hostile deliberately negative supporting outweigh receptive to employee organizational barrier to perception higher-up

33 Marlborough 15 Blenheim Sword in the Stone T.H. White hurry So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entrée, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.: which Blenheim Palace honorable procrastination may well parliamentary deliberation entrée mellow marinate marinade assassin devour by all means contain stores up Where denial and suppression occur, there comes the danger that in doing so the individual stores up anger and resentment.here there the danger comes that ~ resentment the danger curb restraint constitute adopt discipline suppress infect resentment Blue Celeste 33

34 Answers &Explanations means nothing to the dogs To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge.to describe ~ greed to what ~ greed on which an area of pasture The fact that the ground is wet and there are mud puddles dotting the landscape means nothing to the dogs. The fact means that ~ landscape The fact greed graze deterioration consequently maximize pasture charge fraction inevitable exceed affect external circumstance in a flash dash out puddle splash Garrett Hardin (A) maximize (B) exceed overcome [Any fleeting thoughts suggesting that we might be at fault] typically are overcome by more powerful selfjustifying thoughts ~.: Any ~ fault thoughts are are overcome irrationally reasonable challenge 34

35 make sense fleeting at fault recognize self-serving self-deceptive justify typically innate Thomas Hobbes 25 celebrating, rather than suppressing, individuality in kids Today, more and more parents shrug their shoulders, saying it s okay, maybe even something special.: saying ~ special more and more parents tend panic shrug one s shoulders discourage isolated kindergartener accommodate vegetarian stamp mold conformity Hobbes Hobbes Hobbes (A) pain (B) pleasure When asked by a friend if he would have done the same had there been no religious dictum or philosophical principle about helping the needy, Hobbes replied that he would.if had there been if if there had been if had there been philosopher come upon generous dictum principle relieve give to charities

36 Answers &Explanations leak away Water evaporating from the oceans may set off a runaway greenhouse effect that turns Earth into a damp version of Venus, wrapped permanently in a thick, white blanket of cloud.: wrapped Earth Earth wrap core contract degree evaporate runaway damp permanently blanket transformation shelter break down place limits on our worries Our anxiety is not about something specific, but more of a sense that unknown and uncertain possibilities may be out of sight far ahead.: A B not A, but B that ~ far ahead a sense cliff specific torch unarticulated 29 seize out of sight vague sensibly 28 36

37 (A) forget (B) accept ~ the more they get to know a people, the more they forget how to see what is typical and distinctive about it.: the the what it a people When parents are required to judge their children, it is perhaps their customary thoughtlessness that makes them judge so mistakenly.: it is ~ that... perhaps their customary thoughtlessness makes them judge so mistakenly perhaps their customary thoughtlessness it is ~ that... makes judge notice grasp distinctive trait up close farsighted thoughtlessness % active What you do in the 15 to 30 minutes after eating your evening meal sends powerful signals to your metabolism.: What sends metabolism vigor 31 set the stage intensity potential sources of valuable information ~, we open ourselves up to new possibilities in our lives.: inform acknowledge surround likelihood shrink 37

38 Answers &Explanations 32 agricultural production By the end of the Roman Imperium, however, Italy had been stripped of forest cover.: By the end of the Roman Imperium numerous explanation fall fertility yield imperium strip convert pastureland clear deforestation barren deterioration infrastructure Lucé confidence in the claim In each instance, you communicated the extent to which you wanted to qualify your claim, to guard yourself by restricting the extent to which you are willing to be held accountable for the claim.: to which the extent identical context chef comparable scrutiny knowledgeable qualify Lucé 38

39 illiteracy In other words, if we the ordinary people are to keep pace with science, we need more science writers, and more science writing that is clear, wise and eloquent, and that demands to be read.: be to that is ~ that demands ~ more science writing Reddox broaden its appeal later on Although people who belong to the same age group differ in many other ways, they do tend to share a set of values and common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life.: who ~ group people people differ gist sufficient keep pace with eloquent exclude defensively shrug off exclusive realm relevance term plain complicated 35 Reddox PGA European Tour marketer initially aggressively bar core audience context hand out commuter cab driver alert 36 39

40 Answers &Explanations (A) tension(b) collapse Companies that change constantly but without any consistent rationale will collapse just as surely as those that change not at all.: those Companies that ~ all those pursue foster evolve adaptation inherently enduring adhere modify rationale practice made them, for a single ceremonial moment, emblems of intimacy rather than commerce.: a decontaminating mechanism that removed made give way to manufacturer precisely intimate disguise invest with retailer decontaminate William Waits 20 Waits intimacy Gift-wrapping, in Waits s acute term, became a decontaminating mechanism that removed the presents from the normal flow of bought-and-sold goods and promptness To stop being late, all one has to do is change the motivation by deciding that in all circumstances being on time is going to have first priority over any other consideration.: stop being late by deciding ~ that being on time, going ~ consideration as a general rule motivation priority 40

41 presto lifelong latecomer squeeze in enormously good turn close-knit charity chances are (that) ~ 39 Richard Dawkins instinct genes giving to charity Modern societies are much less close-knit and ~.: much Modern societies When humans lived in small clan-based groups theory presume evolutionary natural selection feel pity for (= take pity on) clan pay back 40 (A) selfishness (B) everybody else You are the only person that matters; it is your sense of pleasure that you are trying to please.: the only person that it is ~ that... please your sense of pleasure maximize strategy egocentric take ~ into account greedy brute get out of control selfishness selflessness 41

42 Answers &Explanations 41 Gerald Wilkinson Wilkinson Gerald Wilkinson mutual insurance system ~ biologist Gerald Wilkinson found that, when vampire bats return to their communal nests from a successful night s foraging, they frequently vomit blood and share it with other nest-mates, including even non-relatives.: biologist Gerald Wilkinson found that found that when vampire bats return ~, they frequently vomit ~ communal frequently vomit nest-mate donor surplus starvation relatively insensitivity Throughout Earth s history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.: have disappeared 3 million to 100 million species have which corrupt component tow truck wiring circuit vanish extinction ecosystem drastic 43 42

43 team I unquestioned acceptance extreme conformity This type of overdoing-it-deviance is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the antisocial deviance enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.: it This type of overdoing-it-deviance that ~ expectations the dynamics who ~ expectations alienated young people deviance norm be committed to -ing overdo grounded dynamics enact 44 controls ~ you have involved yourself in his work so deeply that doing away with you would bring him great difficulty, or at least would mean valuable time lost in training another to replace you.: so that... that doing away with you would bring would mean or ultimate grant untouchable involve do away with 45 43

44 Answers &Explanations moving in the wind Along with this interesting finding, scientists have also concluded that, due to their greater range of motion, flowers with long, thin stalks attract more insects.: due to ~ that that flowers with long, thin stalks without being able to say how one knows Fittingly so, sometimes true genius simply cannot be put into words.:put ~ into words true genius subconsciously philosopher intuition fittingly genius option elaborately petal static counterpart stalk 46 Blaise Pascal 19 Carl Friedrich Gauss 44

45 04 빈칸추론 (2) Avenbury the color of other floras nearby should be considered Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited them seemed to have a marked preference for blue, after which came white, yellow, red, green and orange.: Placing ~ shades he which ~ them the insects after which ~ orange and after it(= blue) came white, yellow, red, green and orange shade preference pollination prime tame mustard nectar pollen yield objective John Kenneth Galbraith The individual s participation in mass behavior patterns not a spontaneous reaction to random forces 45

46 Answers &Explanations Within this deployment of power, commercia media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy.: that ~ the economy ensures that ~ the economy values and beliefs ensure match engage in severe 03 adopt mass operate condition Similarly by allowing a filmmaker to treat a film image as an oil painting The switch to oils greatly liberated painters by allowing them to quickly create much larger compositions as well as to modify them as long as necessary.: by -ing allowing them to quickly create to modify B as well as A A B them paintersthem compositions compare A to B shift fresco tempera modify image rework painstaking composition redefine equate A with B integrate 04 46

47 impact other product or service functions ~, but they may not have thought about how hard that tiny phone will be to use.: may have how ~ use about how hard it will be to use that tiny phone to that tiny phone outcome lightweight get through feature turn out worthless 05 carpenter saw impact had arrived with only a subset of technologies This may explain why Australian aboriginal technology, although it developed and elaborated steadily over the ensuing millennia, was lacking in so many features of the Old World ~.why explain Australian aboriginal technology was lackingalthough ~ millennia crucially vanguard aboriginal elaborate ensuing Old World elastic regress dense 06 47

48 Answers &Explanations can reinforce unequal and unjust relationships This process creates an illusion of neutrality and implies a transcendence of the pitfalls and inequalities commonly associated with policymaking.: commonly associated with policymaking the pitfalls and inequalities the pitfalls and inequalities associate associated policymaking implementation utilitarian rationality dominant social construction supposedly diminish illusion neutrality pitfall perspective input degenerative expertise utility empirically run counter to 07 auditory looming intentionally see and hear the world inaccurately This intentional error functions as an advance warning system, [manned by the self-protection subself], [providing individuals with a margin of safety] when they are confronted with potentially dangerous approaching objects.: an advance warning system This intentional error bias irrational auditory looming rhesus monkey intentional advance warning system manned by subself margin rhinoceros natural selection inhibit 08 48

49 violating the code of intellectual conduct that defines him as a scientist When science speaks to others, it is no longer science, and the scientist becomes or has to hire a publicist who dilutes the exactness of mathematics.: a publicist becomes hire a publicist who ~ mathematics overcome frictionless so to speak ambivalent mathematize resort to salesmanship publicist dilute reverse rhetorical vagueness metaphor 09 Hardin results in a negative outcome to the collective interest of all drivers At some point, however, each car reduces the average speed, and eventually there are so many drivers that the traffic slows to a crawl.: so ~ that... 49

50 Answers &Explanations commons eventually crawl minimize add up to commute on a global scale befall overfished scarcity compatible 10 A tricks the mind into thinking the goal has been achieved When participants envisioned the most positive outcome, their energy levels, as measured by blood pressure, dropped, and they reported having a worse experience with the actual event than those who had conjured more realistic or even negative visions.: as ~ pressure their energy levels dropped those who evaluate unfold envision conjure accomplish drain incentive be better off surmount obstacle render 11 when an alternative symbol system is employed When (they are) confronted by a seemingly simple 50

51 pointing task, where their desires are put in conflict with outcomes, chimpanzees find it impossible to exhibit subtle self-serving cognitive strategies in the immediate presence of a desired reward.: +be they are where ~ outcomes a seemingly simple pointing task be confronted by subtle self-serving treat adjacent subject withhold substitute alternate proportional to 12 cannot correctly identify the flavor The sense of sight is so highly developed in humans that messages received from other senses are often ignored if they conflict with what is seen.: so ~ that... appealing overlook conflict tint instantly identify 13 the outcome is inevitable Suppose (that) a survivor from an airplane crash with severe injuries struggles for days through the jungle but dies just before reaching a village.: Suppose that a survivor struggles dies struggle alternative console severity 51

52 Answers &Explanations antecedent conditional semifactual counterfactual intriguing paradox straighten out rear one s (ugly) head restore 14 has been exceeded only by the impossibility of finding it Should chaos rear its ugly head, the leader was expected to restore normality immediately.: If If chaos should ~ yield to definitive extent 15 to grow their own soil Plants know how to attract to their own rotting only those microorganisms and earthworms that will produce beneficial minerals for the soil where the plants siblings will grow.: attract only those microorganisms and earthwormsto their own rotting where the soil self-sufficient researcher consume fungi fungus 52

53 attract microorganism earthworm beneficial sibling concentrate apparently critically compensatory deviate dip compensate refrain from inclined to give in to 16 to balance their self-image As they try to maneuver through times of guilt and austerity, marketers seek tactics that they hope will overcome consumers guilt and negative self-regard and will as a result revive consumption.: that tactics they hope that maneuver marketer tactic self-regard revive engage in 17 creating a space for people to tell you what they mean As she explained her struggles and feelings, I tried to figure out what exactly was bothering her.: figure out what exactly was bothering her what figure out bother reassure recoil bridge simulate 53

54 Answers &Explanations =8 Martin Gardner They have an existence independent from us Numbers and mathematics exist whether humans know about them or not. / ~ four dinosaurs are now in the clearing, whether or not humans are around to appreciate this fact.: whether ~ or not physical clearing state appreciate Sherman emit alarm calls less frequently than do native females This asymmetry translates into females who warn close kin by emitting alarm calls, while males generally do not emit calls since their dispersal from their natal areas means their blood kin typically do not benefit from such a warning. while since their blood ~ a warning means natal relative kin kinship dispersal asymmetry emit hypothesis 19 Belding 20 54

55 Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera Only in terms of the physics of image formation do the eye and camera have anything in common.only be do the eye and camera do liken misleading perception entail adjust sensitive layer cast retina obscure fundamental analogy , ,000 The cultural horse comes before the genetic cart Moreover, genes would undoubtedly have changed during the human revolution after 200,000 years ago, but more in response to new habits than as causes of them. would have sophisticated evolution undoubtedly revolution mutation gut vice versa retain lactose digestion process 22 55

56 Answers &Explanations *Rests would be history. rest rest The rest is history. notes are more important than rests In fact, it is a common saying among experienced musicians that a full measure of rest can hold more music than a full measure of blistering notes.it that ~ notes That situation is fraught with inefficiency and high labor costs, since all four trades must be scheduled together, with at least three people watching while the fourth is at work. with estimate multiply A by B labor rate personnel tinsmith electrician millwright unbolt mount inefficiency 24 misconception misinterpret reference point baseline measure note pun discernible texture blistering 23 coordination problems where multiple crafts are involved inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses 56

57 So we drive around in circles, inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses about where to find the scenic vistas that would entertain and enlighten the tourists.: inventing and rejecting that ~ tourists the scenic vistas tough out compass grain metaphor humanity fake principle geography empirical arrogant embarrassed scenic vista enlighten 25 social support from a loved one helps reduce stress Holding the hand of an unknown man reduced the response a little, on the average, but not as much as holding the husband s hand.: as as not not as much as ~ routine meditation distraction deal with demonstrate measurement moderately correspond to 26 the continuity, or at least the rapid restoration, of service 57

58 Answers &Explanations Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to government, business, and the public at large that the flow of services [provided by a nation s infrastructure] continues unimpeded in the face of a broad range of natural and technological hazards.: it that that ~ hazards that provided ~ infrastructure services provided the flow that continues ~, it is actually the loss of services [that these systems provide] that is the real loss to the public.: it is ~ that... the loss ~ provide it is that [that ~ provide] services lifeline infrastructure rely on recovery utmost at large unimpeded hazard linkage transmission priority political structure, by itself, does not determine political content ~ democracies can and typically are distinguished in terms of the extent to which they are socially oriented as opposed to individualistically oriented.: which to to which ~ oriented the extent take on flavor dictatorship brutal benevolent anarchy as opposed to individualistically oriented

59 their involvement will somehow affect the outcome of the toss If the coin is tossed and the outcome is concealed, people will offer lower amounts when (they are) asked for bets.: when asked when they are asked they are be overconfident the case heads conceal stock outcome coin toss tails perception weed out those that do not fit the evidence Often in social scientific practice, even where evidence is used, it is not used in the correct way for adequate scientific testing.: where social scientific practice practice affirm instance uphold conflicting empirical distinctive falsify confirm If you can take a different angle from the rest of the class in a paper, you re more likely to impress your professors 59

60 Answers &Explanations Variety is the spice of life If I assign fifty students a five-page essay on the subject of why the Roman Empire fell, most of them are likely to say it was a combination of economic and social causes ultimately leading to a weakening of the frontiers.: it why ~ fell leading ~ frontiers a combination ~ causes assign combination ultimately frontier tricky risky back up solely persuasive reasoning argument potential objection brevity mighty ~ it was the table with fewer samples that led to the most sales.: it was ~ that... the table with fewer samples assess aggravate overabundance at one s disposal realm relevant clutter overload avoidance selection abundant complicated immediate shortage trustworthy fatigue indeterminacy complexity 31 Microsoft Difficulty in assessing information 32 60

61 we glimpse a bit more of the overall pattern of nature ~, so that the more clues we solve, the easier we find it to fill in the missing features: comma(,) so that find it to fill ~ features uncover regularity algorithmic compression raw data exhibit explicit crack fundamental considerable ingenuity coherent entirety stay in England ~ in the south of England, the balance of advantage against disadvantage is so delicate that while some migrate to Spain and Portugal, the majority normally stay in England.:so that... that while hazard migration range starvation outweigh temporary superabundance ensure migrate migratory 34 a number of clear drops can dilute one red drop 61

62 Answers &Explanations As your experiences with that person grow, the drops accumulate and the pool deepens.: As and reputation asset demoralize stain accumulate interaction dilute wash away A genuinely educated person can express himself tersely and trimly.: express himself A genuinely educated person paradox get the idea across big words resent impress clarify arrogance long-winded genuinely tersely trimly imbricate edge overlap arrangement sepal 35 imbricate imbricate it keeps you from being long-winded the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity 0 62

63 So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain result, clearly the quicker and easier it is brought about the better.: the the so far as bring about resolve secure sufficiency induce weary till tend livestock in abundance spare be better off transaction execution asset the former approximate the latter infinity justify exact conditionally 37 Solomon Asch. Asch 12 Asch 70 caved in to group pressure Psychologist Solomon Asch wanted to discover whether people s tendency to agree with their peers was stronger than their tendency toward independent thought and rational judgment.: whether whether people s tendency was tendency peer rational judgment assemble visual perception segment obvious secretly instruct subject as it turned out cave in to 38 may be reluctant to think properly Few places are more conducive to internal conversations than a moving plane, ship, or train.: 63

64 Answers &Explanations midwife conducive to internal peculiar correlation introspective reflection be liable to stall help along reluctant paralyze on demand mimic be charged with a line of trees It is a fundamental mistake to imagine that when we see the non-value in a value or the untruth in a truth, the value or the truth ceases to exist.: to imagine It that imagine fundamental cease relative rest on inner polarity phenomenon equilibrate in favor of exaggeration onesidedness in so far as universally indubitable fatal as much of an exaggeration as the earlier onesideness we need to take our time However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.: that ~ creative the illusion 64

65 frustration unaware phenomenon illusion pervasive account for squeeze in (into) 41 success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.: as ~ as... To give up pretensions to get them gratified 42 there is no nature on the planet at all Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.: whether A or B A B by installing ~ by hunting ~ or realm unhindered barrier island by extension extinction profoundly food chain humiliation back actuality potentiality entail pretension gratify 65

66 Answers &Explanations 43 brings multiple perspectives to bear on ~ the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.: the most salient featurefeature be is that ~ situation the fact salient moral agent uncontested uncontroversial flesh-and-blood as opposed to ridiculously multiple perspective bear on one-size-fits-all 44 David Lahti 200 having a similar pattern is no longer so much of an advantage Researchers have come to understand how the African village weaverbird prevents itself from being taken advantage of by cuckoos it is all down to the speckles on the eggs.: understand how ~ by cuckoos prevent from -ing the African village weaverbird itself village weaverbird take advantage of cuckoo spot 66

67 colony demonstration evolution alter 45 We are creatures of habit Without them, our lives would be in chaos, and we would not get much accomplished.: Without them If it were not for them would be would not get freeway when it comes to routine indispensable chaos contemplate 46 wok hei 2005 Leuven ice cream does not taste that sweet straight from the fridge In Chinese food, the idea is that it should be boiling hot, because that is crucial to its flavor, embodied in the phrase wok hei, which means the breath or essence of the combination of tastes added by a hot wok.: it Chinese foodthat the idea that it should be boiling hot embodied the idea being which wok hei crucial flavor embody essence combination confirm microscopic channel taste bud intense stacks of 47 67

68 Answers &Explanations are published not to be read but rather to be remembered Thus, most screenplays are published not to be read but rather to be remembered.:not A but B(A B) to be read to be remembered handy rely on pale imitation screenplay approximate worthwhile 05 글의목적 ABC If you re one of the countless people [whose mind and body have been overworked, you need aprogram][that will give you a more positive and energetic life]: the Health Management Program offered by the ABC Well- Being Institute.: whose ~ overworked the countless people that ~ life a program the Health ~ Institute a program ~ life countless overworked positive energetic institute consist of component expert immediately enroll in 02 68

69 Mattie ABC Christine Mahoe I have decided not to accept the position. I cannot accept your offer Your company has an excellent reputation as a research institution and has many aspects that are very attractive to me.: has that that ~ me many aspects excellent institution aspect 03 reputation attractive consideration ABLE Shipping fishlove@ ableshipping.com ABLE Shipping We pack each one in an oxygen-inflated plastic bag with enough water to keep the fish relaxed and comfortable.: the fish keep relaxed and comfortable ship ensure oxygen-inflated 04 customer pack wrap Adam Burke Adam Burke To help kids cut down on lunch bag waste, I have invented a reusable lunch bag, which I am now selling on my website.: To help to which a reusable lunch bag notice wrapper disposable container generate cut down on reusable fabric 69

70 Answers &Explanations 05 Johnson Pinewood Burton Road Laura McPherson However, I was told by a TA employee that it was the airline s policy not to allow a passenger to make changes to a ticket purchased with reward miles.: thatit ~ to not to allow ~ with reward miles return ticket due to policy reward mile employee convenience Nothing is as important as our citizens safety, so fixing this issue should be made a top priority.: fixing this issue so resident install deserve 06 intersection pedestrian top priority 35,000 Toigeur Airways (TA) TA James Moore 07 Would you please establish a new fire station in our area, ~? From the very beginning it was fanned by strong winds, but it would not have spread so far and so quickly, if our firefighters had been able to arrive at the scene in time. ifhad would have tragedy faulty electrical wiring suburbs fan establish 70

71 08 Johnson Richard Jackson I can only imagine what a terrible loss it must be. What a terrible loss it must be! I can only imagine prospect overwhelming extra in the meantime 09 Redbug Camera Superimage However, when I purchased your newest model, the Superimage 2000, I could not have been more disappointed.could not have been more disappointed Enclosed is a copy of the original receipt and the repair bill.: enclosed a copy of ~ bill is huge purchase acquire blurry complicate frustrated refund receipt 10 Hobbiton Institute of Photography Hobbiton Institute of Photography 71

72 Answers &Explanations In this digital age, images are essential units of information, and knowing how to use photography effectively is more important than ever.: knowing and to how to use photography effectively knowing enroll evaluate suggestion 11 assign insightful on one s feet Third, pick a mild-mannered puppy that is likely to be more forgiving and protective of his little owners.: that ~ owners a mild-mannered puppy his a mild-mannered puppy furry allergic non-shedding mild-mannered forgiving 12 KGM Big World Competition 18 KGM KGM KGM This is an official notice from KGM, the largest manufacturer of digital cameras in the world, regarding the rules of KGM s Big World Competition.: the largest manufacturer ~ the world KGM regarding competition eligible exceed comply disqualify display 13 (212) So we would like to request that you stop delivery to our home. If you have questions about this matter, please leave a 72

73 message at (212) , and either my wife or I will call you back as soon as we can.:either A or B A B as ~ ascan as ~ as possible publication keep up with daily paper request delivery call back reliable first-rate resume in the meantime 14 Future Leaders A B 15 Think Business ABC Marketing Institute A good course will help you structure your presentations and improve your own personal style.: help (to ) structure improve convince brush up on critique crucially structure I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.: whom those teachers You have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills with those teachers. those teachers with letter of reference scholarship physics semester demonstrate 73

74 Answers &Explanations 06 시각자료의활용 stone circle wonder highlight secure prior to in advance To secure your seat, please arrive at least 15 minutes prior to departure or book online 24 hours in advance.: arrive book Spaces are limited, so advance registration is required.: be accompany facilities registration contact 03 New South Wales 74

75 % 5% 15% 5% 3 Other Waste is 15% of Domestic Waste, which is five times higher than the percentage of Plastics.: than asas breakdown domestic commercial demolition diaper with regard to category make up account for 04 Once we arrive at the refuge at about 10:00 am, we will begin our six-hour hike, searching for birds and learning about the plants and animals of the refuge.: Once searching ~ the refuge searching learning bird watching refuge hike moderately terrain expert sunblock 05 2 The ballet is performed to the live music of the State Theater Orchestra.: be performed to 75

76 Answers &Explanations running time minimum purchase reservation cancellation policy refund % 40% 6% 22% In the case of TV, both advertising spending and consumer time spent took up the largest proportion with 43% and 40%, respectively.: both A and B A B both ~ spent took up respectively advertising spending 43%consumer time spent 40% A parking discount is available to museum visitors. To receive the discount, visitors must have their parking tickets stamped at the visitor information desk.: have their parking tickets stamped ~ desk their parking tickets stamp stamped pottery collection additional fee 08 exhibit ceramic available rank gap account for 07 The Nature Foundation The Nature Foundation Nature World

77 Nature Kids weekly newsletter A 10% discount on books published by the Foundation.: published by the Foundation books published which that are foundation preservation publish 09 dedicated to membership be notified the final results by The Harmony Youth Orchestra is for you if you wish to participate in great musical performances under Harmony s conductor.: wish to participate ~ conductor to to agreechoosedeciderefusewant performance notify 10 conductor ~64 65~74 40 The average annual hours increased with age except for the group aged between 25 and 34, which volunteered an average of 133 hours.: aged ~ 34 the group which and it ~ the group aged between 25 and 34 volunteer rate range from A to B senior 11 77

78 Answers &Explanations Emmanuel Odonkor Corletey 3 9 8~12 20~ The Ghana Network of Volunteer Service is looking for volunteers who are open-minded, sociable, and committed.: who ~ committed volunteers contact sociable committed duration administration translate cover accommodation 12 James Smith 7 22~ (This camp is not recommended for children with food allergies.) Children will learn how to use a number of kitchen tools.: how + to a number of additional charge 13 presentation recommend 22345Appleville, North Walnut 2036 North Walnut Campus Court Oxford North Walnut (except 78

79 public holidays) Located near the university stadium on the northwest side of the campus.: Located It is fully equipped electric appliances washer office hour Between 1990 and 2006, the increase in the percentage of women s waged non-agricultural employment in Sub- Saharan Africa was larger than that of the Middle East and North Africa.: the increase in the percentage of women s waged non-agricultural employment that wage non-agricultural improvement 15 employment sector $125 for a week (insurance fee included) Campers have the option to bring their own lunch from home or purchase lunch from the snack bar.: the option to to bring (to) purchase or purchase insurance Laketown (310) registration fee

80 Answers &Explanations 6 14 The Treasure of the Desert Janet Oxford % observatory lecture first-come basis 18 feature admission All new books will be 20% off 20% We are very happy to announce that our library has been selected as one of the top 10 libraries in the nation this year.: that that our library ~ this year announce 2012 Triton Ventures 6 2 announce check-out 17 policy The Customer Service department was allocated 60,000 dollars, which was greater than the amount allocated to any other department.: which 60,000 dollars 5 allocate department administration 19 budget in terms of (617) If it is rainy on the day of the event, the program will be canceled.: (is)

81 PHOTOHAUS 24 East 7th Avenue, Boston You can submit your photographs in person or via You can submit your photographs in person or via at or in person via portrait submission announce submit via attach property Cancun % 7 7 (Children aged seven years and under are not allowed to participate.) Actual time spent with the dolphins is about forty minutes.: spent Actual time Actual time is incredible creature unforgettable marine snorkel additional info information actual refund cancel 21 There will be no separate dressing rooms for graduates. 81

82 Answers &Explanations We suggest (that) you leave your personal belongings with your guests as there is no place to keep them during the ceremony.: suggest that ((that) you (should) leave ~) them your personal belongings graduate graduation ceremony celebrate rehearsal personal belongings participant separate dressing room provide Student Government Association Turkey displayed the biggest increase from 192 million tons in 2002 to 264 million tons in 2008.: from A to B AB emission emitter account for reverse display In 1985 the freshwater species index was the highest, followed by the land species index and the marine species index.: followed by biodiversity freshwater compared to 24 species ecosystem decline (EAP) 1, , , , , , ,000 From 2004 to 2007 Korea had more than 200,000 researchers each year, recording the largest number in 2007.recording ~

83 researcher active compare to annual 25 economically population previous growth 2006/ / / / /2010 Over the four winter seasons, a steady increase was seen in the number of participants in both snowboarding and cross country skiing.: you we participation decrease 26 previous , , What is noticeable is [that since the early 1990s, all four countries have consistently showed a steady increase in the number of U.S. S & E doctoral degree recipients].: What that S & E (= Science and Engineering) doctoral recipient institution catch up to doctorate consistently barrier

84 Answers &Explanations According to the graphs, the primary source of electricity generation in both 1971 and 2007 was coal and peat, accounting for over 40% of the total electricity generation.: the primary source was accounting for ~ generation coal and peat generation account for 28 peat hydro ,000 1,000 1, ,000 1, , Except for hockey, which had more than 4 professionals per 1,000 high school participants, the remaining five sports all had ~.: which ~ participants hockey comma median rank 29 earning respectively Search Engines Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc Wikipedia, Blogs, Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc Social Media Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area 10 Social Media 18, Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area ~ the result exceeds the percentage of Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area by ten percent.: by preferred exceed 30 combine (2004 ~ 2005) 7.1 (2000 ~ 2001) 84

85 In urban areas, the percentage of male children with asthma in the period was lower than that of male children with asthma in the period.: that the percentage gender urban 31 diagnose rural 5 Overall, there are only two continents whose percentage of forest loss is greater than five percent.: whose two continents Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.: showed Video bloggingthat showed ~ 2008 the three media loss translate display exhibit note familiarity prominent respondent

86 Answers &Explanations 07 무관한문장찾기 imaginativeness novel visualization hypothesis exposure ready-made Media scholars have used this study to illustrate the visualization hypothesis, which states that children s exposure to ready-made visual images restricts their ability to generate novel images of their own.: have has which the visualization hypothesis that children s exposure to ready-made visual images randomly fictional Hall Bower Welcome support from the African American community has energized many African American girls and women to participate in sports.: Welcome ~ community has energized have has intrinsic bound 03 endeavor femininity Alien Olivier 86

87 Hamlet American Graffiti The Big Chill Amadeus Immortal Beloved For example, in Alien and Olivier s Hamlet, the music serves at times to make small and/or artificial spaces seem more grand and to enhance the sense of realism.: to make to enhance to to make ~ grand small and/or artificial spaces make seem more grand If the solar surface, not the center, were as hot as this, the radiation emitted into space would be so great that the whole Earth would be vaporized within a few minutes.: Ifwere would couldshould so ~ that... appreciate radiation emit vaporize cosmic peel off layer tremendously region expose predict theoretically circumstance blanket leak leakage compensate for surrounding convey scope epic drama grand enhance realism narrative placement authenticate era nostalgia the former When you re starting out, [accept how you feel] and [try to enjoy the ride].: and try to try -ing 87

88 Answers &Explanations bump upside down shaky location 06 While (they are) power walking, people should wear shoes with a good arch support to avoid injury and wear clothes appropriate for the climate.: +be While they are alternatively intensity arch 07 Even books that provide only pleasure will increase the confidence of students and encourage them to try to read more technical materials in school.: that books (that provide ~ pleasure) will increase encourage regardless of confidence encourage look up literacy fluency 08 Those who have a fear of public speaking often tell themselves that people in the crowd will silently think 88

89 bad things about them.: Those who tell themselves reconciliation ongoing distortion ensue inexcusable assert presentation relaxed interact audience altogether 09 Examining personal narratives, researchers have found that those who cause harm tend to minimize the offense probably to protect themselves from shame and guilt.examining personal narratives protect themselves those who cause harm offender victim narrative tend to downplay inflame these planes It follows, conversely, that between any origin and destination point, if the travel time or travel cost can be reduced, demand will increase.: It follows that ~ that if demand will increase destination conversely transatlantic 11 resistance surge flight 89

90 Answers &Explanations The rule requires that one person try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided.: requires that that should norm embody in kind obligate transaction disapproval 12 wind shear wind shear Several plane crashes and near crashes have been attributed to dangerous downward wind bursts known as wind shear.: A is attributed to B A B Several plane crashes and near crashes attribute known as wind bursts plane crash be attributed to wind burst downdraft turbulence evaporate circular detect location altitude the Brazilian Proposal That would mean ~ It would also mean ~ In other words, we should calculate what concentration of greenhouse gases each country has put into the atmosphere over time and use those figures to allocate emissions cuts.: calculate use should 90

91 and negotiation emission concentration allocate emit bear underlie tremendous incompatible illuminate clarity stand in awe of sheer Albert Einstein unified field theory Einstein Einstein Einstein Einstein Einstein the two theories Einstein wanted to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never before achieved, allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance.: allowing ~ elegance seek for (seek sought sought) relentlessly encompass coherent undertaking passionate formulation 1980 There is no possibility of migrating or of storing food for the winter, which must seem to promise equally certain doom to a bird or bear.: which and it that ~ strive reproduce simulate predator complication settle ensure exhibit utterly incompatible 16 91

92 Answers &Explanations The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.: The water cools is where ~ heat the building geothermal loop constant absorb The central problem is that the voters in low-performing groups were trying to build social cohesion rather than to produce the highest returns.: that rather than to build social cohesion to produce the highest returns implication affection institution unanimously cohesion 17 bond dissent impair illustrate return 18 Nelson Mandela Afrikaans Mandela 1960 Afrikaner Mandela Afrikaner Afrikaner Afrikaner Mandela Afrikaner Afrikaner Nelson Mandela Mandela By obtaining this perspective of how the Afrikaners looked at the world, ~.: of exemplify to the disapproval of 92

93 insight contribution invaluable perspective presidency 08 연결사추론 (A) For example (B) That is That is, the nonverbal message is deliberate, but designed to let the partner know one s candid reaction indirectly.: designed is let know the partner know discrepancy verbal nonverbal weigh enthusiasm muted 93

94 Answers &Explanations unintentionally leak candid strategic intentional interpret adjustment (A) For example (B) In contrast For example, if they are in a meeting and see others making suggestions, they will try to make suggestions as well.: see others making suggestions present adjust appropriate sensitive be concerned about (A) On the other hand (B) for instance Thus, [while climate change may not impact these resources], oil and gas reserves and known or potential resources could be affected by new climate conditions, [since climate change may affect access to these resources].: while although impact shut down reserves frontier 04 geologically exploration potential 94

95 (A) on the other hand (B) Instead Pride causes individuals to be out of touch with the reality of who they truly are and of what really brings happiness.: causes to to be of who ~ of what ~ the reality ultimate be out of touch with self-worth oneness 05 (A) however (B) consequently Therefore, the application of mathematics, rather than mere fact acquisition, is what will be expected of them in the workplace and in life, and consequently mathematics instruction should mirror this real life application.: rather than mere fact acquisition the application of mathematics is instructional hands-on be attributed to well-informed council application acquisition mirror 06 (A) For example (B) therefore However, such groupings do not reflect natural relationships and make it difficult to recognize family 95

96 Answers &Explanations characteristics.: it to recognize family characteristics group convenience categorize grouping identify wildflower arrange infer 07 (A) For example (B) Furthermore For example, choosing to become a farmer rather than an insurance broker may determine where you live, who you are likely to meet, the sorts of behaviors (which that ) you will expect in your spouse and offspring, and so on.: choosing ~ broker determine (where you live, who you are likely to meet) the sorts of behaviors the sorts of behaviors which that distribute critically insurance broker spouse offspring to the extent that 08 lingua franca (A) for example (B) lingua franca That is to say More and more today, English is used by Korean professionals on business in Brazil, by Polish hotel staff welcoming tourists from around the world, or by Indian workers who have taken up jobs in the Gulf States.by ~A, B, or C welcoming who Polish hotel staffindian workers Polish the Gulf States rationally interact with colleague applicable lingua franca mother tongue 96

97 (A) In addition (B) For example In addition, color helps facilitate perceptual organization, the process by which small elements become grouped perceptually into larger objects.: the process by which comma perceptual organization which the process A monkey with good color vision easily detects red fruit against a green background, but a color-blind monkey would find it more difficult to find the fruit.: find it to find the fruit (GPS) (A) for example (B) On the other hand Those theories, though they describe the same phenomenon, constitute very different versions of reality. Those theories constitute though ~ phenomenon physics predict observe gravity phenomenon constitute mass exert concept calculation navigate 11 contrive facilitate perceptual detect enhance color vision color-blind 97

98 Answers &Explanations 25% Madagascar rosy periwinkle Madagascar 8,000 Madagascar 80% 50% Madagascar Madagascar (A) For instance (B) Madagascar Yet Madagascar s dilemma represents that of much of the developing world.: that dilemma aesthetic ethical biodiversity fertility prescription harbor (A) Also (B) for example Also, you may try to re-create the circumstances which excited in you the emotions that you want to excite in your audience.: which which ~ in your audience the circumstances that that ~ in your audience the emotions which excited that excite persuasion strategic appeal imitate hysteria hysterical detached narrative refer to A as B comrade (A) However 98

99 (B) For example They do so probably to help smooth out the rough edges of life, to make the unbearable bearable and (to make) the offensive inoffensive.: make and to make the unbearable, the offensive the euphemism derive from substitute A for B objectionable blunt smooth out edge offensive at variance with slum substandard 14 (A) However (B) For example So, get in the habit of rereading your work and looking up words that the spell checker does not pick up.: of rereading ~ looking ~ completely lost spell checker look up hand in ,000 (A) However (B) For instance A purely rational view would have predicted that interest rates would be the only factor that had an impact.: A purely rational view would have predicted But the scientists varied more than just the interest rate rational alternative assume evaluate encounter pitch 99

100 Answers &Explanations take out a loan purely interest rate persuasive lottery inquire in essence Erie (A) Erie For example (B) Likewise Likewise, when the fuel cell becomes the automotive engine of choice, the car companies focusing on increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine may find themselves left behind.: the car companies focusing ~ engine left themselves perfection investment canal be regarded as efficiency advent downfall transportation automotive internal combustion engine innovation 70 (A) In contrast (B) Furthermore Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.: Even though in most ~ biodegrade instinctively biodegradable recyclable by-product economically virtually indefinitely component municipal landfill biodegrade emit carbon dioxide water pollutant 100

101 09 어휘추론 subsidize lender repossess (minimum) maximum minimum Space that was constructed to accommodate [business and consumer needs at the peak of the cycle] remains, so vacancy rates climb and the downward trend becomes more severe.: Space remains that ~ the cycle Space [business ~ the cycle] accommodate real estate tendency undergo manufactured product exceed cut back on output inventory property accommodate vacancy rate (A) increasing decreasing increasing (B) promote regulate regulate (C) reject sign signed Indeed, the Swedish government has outlawed television advertising of products aimed at children under 12, and recently in the United States, 50 psychologists signed a petition calling for a ban on the advertising of children s goods.: aimed ~ 12 television advertising of products calling ~ goods a petition run-up yield dub legislation segment outlaw ban 101

102 Answers &Explanations 03 (A) rarely frequently (B) distractions attraction (C) increase decrease This can be as frustrating for an employee as it is for the employer who is paying for this nonproductive work time.: as ~ as... as it is for frustrating who ~ time the employer rarely regular interrupt coworker nonproductive free A from B deal with productivity 04 evade take over In fact, seeds with thinner coats were preferred as they are easier to eat or process into flour, and they allow seedlings to sprout more quickly when (they are) sown.: as when they are be seed stock deliberately archaeological dormant set in seedling sprout 05 Lydia 102

103 Lydia Lydia follow resist For example, when Lydia was eight years old, she insisted on wearing her favorite sandals to school despite warnings that the sidewalks were covered in snow and slush.: despite that ~ slush warnings (C) abundant scarce abundant It was generally assumed that Virginia, the region of the North American continent to which England laid claim, would have the same climate as the Mediterranean region of Europe, since it lay at similar latitudes.: It that the region ~ claim Virginia assume lay claim to goods continental timber do away with turn a profit inappropriate slush option discomfort (A) false valid false (B) dependence restriction dependence 4 1 insufficient sufficient Starting in North India, it passes west through Pakistan and Afghanistan, continues through the Near East, crosses Africa as the Sahara, and leaping the Atlantic, ends in Mexico and the Southwest United States.: it 103

104 Answers &Explanations passes, continues, crosses, ends (A, B, C, and D) belt the Near East leap similar quarter population construct harsh generous intense scarcity insufficient means shelter architecture resistant 08 Martin L. Hoffman deny realize Martin L. Hoffman, who has focused on the guilt that comes from harming others, suggests that the motivational basis for this guilt is empathetic distress. who ~ others Martin L. Hoffman that ~ others the guilt 3 suggests complementary sensitive make amends compensation capacity guilt empathetic distress 09 1,790 36, (A) disastrous constructive (B) superior inferior (C) prone resistant The anxious are more likely to fail even given superior scores on intelligence tests, as a study of 1,790 students in training for air traffic control posts discovered. the The anxious even given ~ tests zealous cognitive static stale 104

105 routine intrude on undermine demanding air traffic controller chronically sabotage prone to cause by-product It is not the target of the change, but [the decline in wine consumption] is a by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.but the decline ~ consumption the decline be is consumption per capita dwindle slash leisurely emergence on-the-go 11 (A) consistently occasionally (B) originates separate (C) misleading appealing This suggests that activities like walking the dog and playing with the cat only arise when time can be spared from the human owner s other commitments.: that activities ~ cat activities arise companionship partake asymmetrically termination commitment misleading

106 Answers &Explanations (A) addiction adaptation adaptation (B) wither prosper wither (C) limit accustom limited They remain green and can start photosynthesis as soon as the weather is warm enough in spring, before there has been time for the new season s leaves to expand and start functioning.: as soon as for the new season s leaves to expand and start functioning region wintergreen semi-evergreen photosynthesis function take over poppy thrift saxifrage chickweed starwort 13 reduce boost increase Many consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic foods, convinced that they are helping the earth and eating healthier.: convinced Many consumers One of the most frequent criticisms is that the crop yields of organic farms are much lower than those of traditional farms.: much lower those the crop yields by leaps and bounds drawback criticism yield conventional argument

107 15 slower faster Until the 1920s, there were only three competitive swimming strokes freestyle, backstroke, and breaststroke and each had specific rules that described how it was to be performed.: was to be be to how described competitive stroke freestyle backstroke breaststroke recover simultaneously conventional butterfly 15 (A) evoke erase (B) impractical brand-new (C) rescued rescueforget A worn-thin dress may hang in the back of a closet even though it hasn t been worn in years because the faint scent of pine that lingers on it is all that remains of someone s sixteenth summer.: even though because that the faint scent of pine all materialistic attachment promise document chart 16 Wikipedia Google (A) In a sense ~ From the point of ~ Altruism Selfishness (B) share dominate (C) unintentional conscious You give information to Google when you have a public website, whether you intend to or not, and you give 107

108 Answers &Explanations aluminum cans to the homeless guy who collects them from the recycling bin, even if that is not what you meant to do.: whether A or B A B even if ~ crude pronounce hold out urge self-preservation overpower anchor supernaturalism secondhand motivator platform distribution monetary shortsighted incentive reputation measurable self-interest bin 17 curable incurable ~ in that overpowering will to live is anchored the belief in supernaturalism, which is absolutely universal among known peoples, past and present: in that the belief in supernaturalism in that ~ live is which the belief in supernaturalism hazard menace valor starvation medicinal herb naught Sholes & Co. O I (A) complaints compliment (B) slow down turn down (C) solved trigger For example, the letters O and I are the third and sixth most frequently used letters in English language, and yet the engineers positioned them on the keyboard so that the relatively weaker fingers had to depress them.:so that ~ stick together in response figure out slow down jam inefficient configuration position relatively 108

109 depress pervade jam-up 19 9 bokator bokator 10, Jayavarman 7 bokator bokator 4 bokator flourished disappeared (A) attain avoid (B) Optimal minimal (C) intricate uncomplicated Contrary to what we usually believe, the best moments in our lives are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times ~.: what to Contrary to what we usually believe Meaning to fight a lion, bokator is a martial art depicted on the walls of Angkor Wat.: depicted ~ Angkor Wat a martial art a martial art depict depicted contrary to attain sprinter passage 21 receptive voluntary intricate expand roam martial art depict fearsome flourish execute 20 fierce predator mimic take power discipline 109

110 Answers &Explanations neglects enhances Many people take numerous photos while (they are) traveling or on vacation or during significant life celebrations to preserve the experience for the future.: while traveling while they are traveling be they are to preserve to celebration preserve detract from lament detached neglect ongoing 22 (A) vulnerable immune vulnerable (B) dense deficient dense (C) greedily moderately moderately A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins to bulk up like the wrestlers of his school.: who ~ team A slim boy may overload to bulk up ~ to when it comes to ~ peer lettuce overload protein bulk up devour 23 well badly ~ because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next: because the topics the occasions can varythat ~ amusing the topics that ~ joking the occasions amusing occasion reliance assumption noticeable play on words virtually translate blank stare 110

111 Frank J. Scott 1870 unselfish selfish To drive through virtually any American suburb today, where every lawn steps right up to the street in a gesture of openness and welcoming, is to see how completely such views have triumphed.: To drive through ~ is to see ~ triumphed where any American suburb today out of place landscape insultingly inhospitable suburb rid A of B grace triumph Lapp Lapp Lapp Lapp (A) Lapp disastrous beneficial (B) (reduced) increase (C) Lapp (poverty) wealth With smaller herds, the Lapps found it more difficult to survive, and the snowmobile was eventually viewed as a product that drove the Lapps into poverty.: it to survive view A as BA B the snowmobile snowmobile sled herder be viewed as reindeer calf herd 25 Skolt Lapp 111

112 Answers &Explanations 10 내용일치 불일치 Dead Horse Mariscal Rio Grande (shrink) Spineless and flat against the ground, it has triangular tubercles that overlap in a star-shaped pattern.: Spineless ~ ground it that ~ pattern triangular tubercles living rock cactus peculiar blend rocky soil step on spineless overlap invisible shrink moisture drought drag foul-tasting alkaloid 02 Tammy Rahr Tammy 14 Tammy Santa Fe (was able to earn her high school diploma ~) The experience made her more aware of what was going on in the world.: make more aware what ~ world of dirt woodland diploma credit try one s hand at eventually institute 03 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier 1795 École Normale 1798 Fourier Fourier 112

113 Fourier During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness ~ He wanted to become an officer but was not allowed to because he was the son of a tailor.: was not allowed to to to become an officer mathematician physicist tragedy pass away orphan charitable tailor frenzy invade accompany expedition heat conduction contract confine Nuttall was a brilliant archival researcher and selftrained archaeologist who very early carved a career for herself by pursuing independent research and publishing in scholarly journals.: who a brilliant archival researcher and self-trained archaeologist by+-ing pursuing ~ publishing ~ by archaeologist ethnohistorian investigation brilliant self-trained carve a career for oneself scholarly journal prestigious exhibit teaching faculty appoint honorary Zelia Maria Magdalena Nuttall Nuttall 30 3 Nuttall 47 Peabody Nuttall was never a part of university teaching faculty Georgia O Keeffe South Carolina 27 O Keeffe Alfred Stieglitz Stieglitz O Keeffe New Mexico She sent these drawings to a friend in New York, ~ She sent these drawings to a friend in New York, who showed them to Alfred Stieglitz, the owner of the influential gallery 291.: who who ~ 291 a friend 113

114 Answers &Explanations pioneering intensely abstract charcoal influential hail inspiration compel essence arrangement geometric majesty 06 Thistlegorm Thistlegorm 1950 Jacques Cousteau 1992 Thistlegorm Thistlegorm 8 (Being) Packed full of artifacts and lying in the clear waters of the Red Sea, the Thistlegorm is perhaps the most famous of all shipwrecks for divers.: Being be packed full of artifact shipwreck come at a price crawl armed merchant vessel supplies machinery spot enter hold explosion 07 huge Gregorio Dati Florence Later in life, he was honored to serve a number of posts in the city government. Over the years he wrote a diary, actually an occasional record in which he kept accounts of his commercial and family life.a diary actually ~ life in which an occasional record merchant enter into partnership profitable merchandise characteristic en route enterprise successive post occasional keep an account of commercial pioneer 08 Great Salt Lake Bear Weber Jordan 114

115 Snake Columbia 20 1 Great Salt Lake The majority of salt in the Great Salt Lake is a remnant of dissolved salts that are present in all fresh water. The great climatic change the lake underwent and continued evaporation, exceeding the inflow of fresh water, reduced the lake to one-twentieth of its former size. The great climatic change continued evaporation reducedchange the lake that which the lake underwent The great climatic change hemisphere outlet close submerge meltwater overflow the Pacific Ocean undergo evaporation exceed inflow fresh water remnant dissolve gradually concentrate shrink 09 Titanic Macon Macon 1935 California Big Sur ,500 Macon 1980 (Being) Nearly 800 feet long, the airship was completed in 1933 as part of an effort to equip the U.S. Navy with airborne military bases.: Being the airship overhead USS United States Ship airship equip airborne onboard launch fixed-wing plane see action debris wreck map sonar archaeologist 10 Warren McArthur 1908 Cornell Arizona Warren 44 Los Angeles 1933 New York Warren McArthur 1913 Arizona He relocated his factory back East to New York in 1933 where he designed and manufactured unique aluminum furniture.: where ~ furniture New York 115

116 Answers &Explanations budding patent dealership venture relocate 11 Patience Lovell Wright Patience Patience Patience Patience She easily picked up information not only from her clients but also from women with whom she socialized often.: whom with women specialize in wax figure self-taught devoted break out thrive on overthrow backing abandon console 12 Gobi 3 In the late evening, they come out of their holes and look for food mostly seeds and plants.: come out of their holes look for food they jerboa seed huge 13 hole adapt 1921 Darjeeling Edward Felix Norton , Edward Felix Norton ,126 The first eight expeditions to Everest were British, all of 116

117 which attempted the mountain from the northern, Tibetan, side ~.: which The first eight expeditions to Everestall of which and all of them loom formidable off limits be obliged to trek plateau snow blindness 14 Giorgio Vasari 1511 Arezzo 1550 Vasari 1568 Vasari 1571 Pius 5 Lives Vasari But what made him truly famous was his book Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (shortened as Lives).: what was his book eminent anecdote overshadow knight 15 Karlovo Sveta Bogoroditsa Karli-ova Karlovo This latter church, about which little is known, is believed by some to have been built already at the end of the fifteenth century ~.: which This latter church This latter church is holy inscription latter preserve 16 profile entrance priest furnishing FM Edwin Armstrong. De Forest. Armstrong RCA 6 Radio Corporation of America(RCA) RCA. Armstrong FM. RCA 117

118 Answers &Explanations Armstrong s innovations rendered useless the enormous alternators used for generating power in early radio transmitters.:render rendered the enormous ~ transmitters prolific amplify alternator transmitter circuit stockholder interference file 17 Guillaume de Machaut Champagne Bohemia John (). Reims. Machaut. Machaut. Machaut 14. Machaut traveled to many courts and presented beautifully decorated copies of his music and poetry to his noble patrons.machaut Around 1323, he became secretary and chaplain to John, king of Bohemia, whom he accompanied on trips and military campaigns throughout Europe.: John king of Bohemia whom ~ Europe John theology chaplain campaign patron composer decline 18? Bloodhound Car. 1. 1, ( ) ,000 25! Bloodhound Car 2013 Hakskeen Pan Desert. ~ it won t be the quickest car in the world from 0 to 100 mph Now being built in England, it is expected to be completed within a year. Powered by three engines, it is designed to go 1,050 miles per hour (mph), ~.: being built in England it Powered by three engines it powered power blast record-breaking Apelles Apelles Apelles 118

119 Apelles After correcting the picture the painter arranged a second preview. Apelles It was his practice to conceal himself at previews of his paintings in order to hear the public s opinions of his masterpieces.: It to conceal in order to practice conceal preview masterpiece bootmaker criticize labor correct arrange anatomy character restrain oneself unjust custom ridicule pointed caution Bristlecone pines grow faster in richer conditions, but die earlier and soon decay. Cells that are produced as a result of these conditions are densely arranged.: that ~ conditions Cells that habitat precipitation incredible adversity longevity densely structure decay sturdy One suggested ~ laughter. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.: that ~ laughter is associated the left side of the brain ticklish pointed rod stroke interval confirm push back frontier stimulus pl. stimuli be associated with

120 Answers &Explanations Buffon 16 Buffon Left Bank Buffon Buffon In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.: the biased opinion that native ~ Europe that ~ America that ~ Atlantic those native animals zoologist botanist reign monarch stock A with B expand botanical garden comprehensive biased diminish vigor 23 Khyber Pass Jaisalmer 30 Jaisalmer the substantial tolls it placed on passing merchants Known as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort sheltering palaces that soar into the sapphire sky.: Known ~ City Jaisalmer its ~ sheltering its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort caravan route medieval fort soar alter function beaten path spare substantial toll Sofonisba Anguissola Anguissola Anguissola Vasari Anguissola It was this enlightened attitude that enabled Anguissola to earn her own living as a portrait painter in the 120

121 Spanish court and helped her to rise above the restrictions of her class and gender.:it was ~ that... this enlightened attitude enabled helped and enable to to to earn liberal enlightened portrait restriction immediacy contemporary attribute conversational as opposed to frontal profile 11 글의주제 Therefore, it can be said that clothing visually communicates information about group membership and functions as an identity marker.: it that that communicates functions textile nonverbal obvious rite of passage onlooker status identity marker 121

122 Answers &Explanations 02 Recently, researchers have suggested [that the purpose of laughter is not just to communicate {that one is in a playful state}, but to actually induce this state in others as well].: [that the purpose ~ well] have suggested not just A but B as well A B {that one ~ state} communicate playful induce peculiar arousal activate coordinate infectious Break out of this pattern by paying more attention to relaxation and getting more involved in living when you are under pressure.: by -ing paying ~ relaxation getting ~ pressure by and work performance break out of relaxation get involved in define creative break mentally guilt high-quality remaining

123 In other words, it is impossible for a child to successfully release himself unless he knows exactly where his parents stand, both literally and figuratively.it to successfully release himself where ~ figuratively knows represent threatened figuratively [] insecure clingy disobedient 05 lengthy literally [] A herd of zebras can become a dazzling display of black and white stripes, making it more difficult for a lion to see where one zebra ends and another begins.: making ~ begins it to see rely on on the alert pick out predator flee dazzling display

124 Answers &Explanations Scientists have believed that it is the antioxidants in these foods that make the difference compounds like beta carotene, lycopene, and vitamin E.: that it is ~ that... the antioxidants in these foods identify seemingly beneficial nutrient context compound molecule extract supplement nutrition pursue paradigm isolate a multitude of 07 So feedback that simply makes you feel great will not help you develop tennis skills in the long run.: that feedback make+ + help + +to reward informative 08 instructor in the long run With the increasing sophistication of the media and the haunting quality of the imagery, they have been able to give us the feeling that we are fragile creatures in an environment full of danger even though we live in a world infinitely safer and more predictable than anything (that) our ancestors knew.: have been that the feeling anything that (that) our ancestors knew anything decisive frame appeal shift scare wave haunting fragile 124

125 Every year, we throw away more than 125 million cell phones, which accounts for nearly 65,000 tons of toxic waste.: which which account for toxic waste donate charity gift card in return electronics free of charge ,000 (slow muscle fiber) (fast muscle fiber) Why is it difficult to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races?it to find who ~ races a runner primary sustain generate sprinting 11 muscle fiber contraction endurance Scientists can lessen bias by running as many trials as 125

126 Answers &Explanations possible and by keeping accurate notes of each observation made. by+-ing as many ~ as possible by running ~ by keeping ~ bias experiment lessen accurate observation valid measurable requirement 12 And they probably did internalize some bits and pieces of the material, but the illusion of knowledge led them to confuse the familiarity they had gained from repeated exposure to the concepts in the course with an actual understanding of them.: did internaliz confuse A with B A B the familiarity ~ course an actual ~ them encounter internalize bits and pieces familiarity exposure yield diminishing returns [] foster probe 13 Large numbers of fishes in a school may achieve additional survival advantages by confusing predators with continually shifting and changing positions; ~.: by+-ing shifting changing with 126

127 well-defined school population predatory prey concentrate compact disperse illusion formidable 14 Gralinski Kopp 15 By the time children were three, a new quality of rule emerged: Do not scream in a restaurant, run around naked in front of company, or pick your nose. : By the time time when expand company pick one s nose 15 Léon Heuzey Léon Heuzey It is notable that we find no evidence in Classical times of tailors or dressmakers: the word itself barely exists in Greek or Latin.: It that permanence undergo transformation set forth exemplary clarity rectangular differentiation in accordance with fluid [] notable dressmaker socialize extent possessions nicety [ ] cognitive sophistication

128 Answers &Explanations Homeostasis is the word we use to describe the ability of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.: to describe to to maintain to the ability act on kick in homeostasis physiological 17 ~ we tend to believe (that) our culture mirrors a reality shared by everyone.: believe that our culture that mirrors perception mirror plot version 18 naive anthropologist motivation 128

129 ~ in the absence of these sea stars, their favorite prey, mussels, takes over and makes it hard for other species that used to live there.: takes makes their favorite preymussels their favorite prey -s about the details of timekeeping in prehistoric eras.: the fact that ~ years apparent prehistoric era artifact preoccupy phase alignment astronomy ecosystem sea star mussel take over keystone predator aspen wetland exert alter cultivate Despite the fact that ancient civilizations relied upon the apparent motion of celestial bodies through the sky to determine seasons, months, and years, we know little 20 Resting on the saucer were two packets of sugar.: (resting on the saucer) (two packets of sugar) (were) But from a Japanese perspective, it is their duty to protect those who do not know any better.: it to(to protect ~ better) take up the issue 129

130 Answers &Explanations lengthy rest saucer packet perspective Relaxing in a comfortable chair, putting on some soothing sounds, and reading something light and entertaining are all good methods to get ready for some restful sleep.: Relaxing ~, putting on ~, reading ~ are wind down soothing restful aroma tranquility induce essential oil apply indulge in dissolve soy milk flavoring calming effect Their writing is usually embedded in a context of others ideas and opinions.: Their writing embed is embedded usually be invariably climate embed prevailing interpretation alternative colleague respondent conference in a vacuum originate stimulate persuasive

131 Elimination of all but small patches of habitat is especially damaging because it not only eliminates many local species but also threatens those species that depend on vast acreage for their survival.: Elimination ~ habitat not only A but also BA B B as well as A habitat gradually old-growth forest acreage 24 diversity patch elimination shrinkage 2 Some reasons include [increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world], [the movement of college students spending time in other countries], and [increasing amounts of international travel among tourists].: include [increasing amounts ~ world] [the movement ~ countries] [increasing ~ tourists] prediction interaction intercultural communication bring on refugee bilingual education ethnic minority melting pot convention propose

132 Answers &Explanations If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.: dare to psychiatrist symposium open up challenge colleague boast bet session formula reveal confidence open-minded evoke principle take the initiative self-revelation 26 ~, we not only deny our students full access to one of humankind s most profound experiences, but we miss countless opportunities to improve their grasp of other subjects as well.:not only A but (also) BA B also as well potentially interdisciplinary trivialize mainstream legitimately fabric curriculum 27 ~ if we can get over our own hunger for love, then we have reached the state of pure love, of being connected to a larger ideal, bigger than our own individual life.: of pure loveof being connected the state bigger ~ life a larger ideal lift selfish get over immature hug hunger 132

133 12 글의순서 (B) (A) (C) (B) (B) (A) (B) (C) Scientists used to think that animals would risk their lives like this only for kin with whom they shared common genes.: used to with whom ~ genes kin 02 (B) HATTIE-1951 (C) Simon (A) Simon (B) (C) (B) (A) (C) It s one of my favorites because my third birthday party is on it and I can watch our old cat Simon jump up on the dining room table and land in a dish of ice cream.: because my ~ it I ~ ice cream (watch) our old cat Simon watch jump land watch to oneself entrust A with B reel splash set up settle in kin the family circle alert run for cover put one s life on the line

134 Answers &Explanations (C) (B) (A) (C) (B) (A) Specifically, the technique of having students help one another raises the question of whether students with lower ability are being helped at the expense of those with higher ability.: the technique ~ another the technique raises have help students help whether ~ ability of superior cooperate sophisticated cliché zero-sum at the expense of 04 (B) 1493 (A) 1 (C) 300 sending messages across the sea in bottles (B) (B) (A) (C) (B) (A) (C) He was returning to Spain to tell the king and queen about what he had discovered, when his ship got caught in a bad storm.: had when wash up get caught in overboard off 05 (C) (A) (B) 134

135 (C) (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) Similarly, a round coin is seen as round even when viewed from an angle at which, objectively, it should appear elliptical.: viewed it is it a round coin at which ~ elliptical an angle rectangular retina distinguish hinge project vertical objectively of chair was used only for the purpose of sitting while waiting for a bus, you might think this is odd but would have no difficulty understanding it.: if might in which ~ bus a culture stool odd have no difficulty -ing functional support complex take ~ for granted 06 (B) (A) (C) (B) (A) (C) If you learned about a culture in which a certain type 07 C (C) (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) Pour it into a glass, add some ice, and enjoy your lemonade!: Pour ~add ~enjoy ~ and lemonade refreshment squeeze jug stir cutting board 135

136 Answers &Explanations 08 (C) (A) 40 (B) Ned Groth (C) (A) (B) However, most organic farmers have no choice but to rely on chemicals as necessary supplements to their operations.: have no choice but to organic plague pest conventional discriminate [] supplement botanical extract Consumers Union diversify 09 B C 2~3 A B C A Have your toppings ready as you ll want to eat the pancakes as soon as they re done.: have ready edge remove topping thicken batter pour in cook (C) (A) The Coming Famine Julian Cribb Cribb (B) 136

137 (C) (A) (B) In fact, wherever easy access to cheap food means (that) people buy more than they consume, we could all start by shopping smarter and cleaning our plates.: wherever means that (C) Rational models of decision-making suggest that the way to find the best product is to take all of this information into account and to carefully analyze the different brands on display.to find ~ product the way that is that to take ~ account to carefully analyze ~ display that besiege cognitive rational take ~ into account backfire inspire generate verdict swell yielding reclaim cut back on resource-intensive account for shifting finite 11 (B) (A) (C) Look at the jam aisle. (B) A glance at the shelves (B) (A) (B) 12 Ohio Canton Canton (B) Canton (C) 2 Canton ChicagoNew York Los Angeles Canton (A) Canton Canton Canton (B) Her explanation Canton (B) Canton (C) (A) That fact (C) (A) 137

138 Answers &Explanations I remember hearing from a teacher that during World War II Canton was a major U.S. target of the Germans.: remember emperor ruler statement evidence shuffle put ~ together 14 resident crystallize facilities fullness 13 (C) (B) (A) (C) (B) (A) As we put the pieces together, we challenge ourselves to think of other ways to describe what we know.: As memorize investigate detective hence get the picture (C) 8 8 (B) (A) (C) (B) (A) The underlying idea of world history is that the interaction among human societies resembles not the relationships among billiard balls, but rather among bacteria.: that not A but B A B but rather the relationships underlying interaction billiard ball relate to fundamentally pore genetic alter make-up collide cue ball

139 (B) (A) (C) (B) legitimate concerns (B) Why? (A) It s because ~ (C) they become more vulnerable It s because television focuses on news that makes the world seem like a more dangerous place than it actually is.: is a dangerous place that news 2 (A) peruse (B) peruse (C) peruse (A) But the word has been misused so often by so many people, that this second sense of it the exact opposite of what it actually means has finally been accepted as a secondary definition ~.: so ~ that... definition relatively commonplace widespread intention scan skim exact opposite disrupt portray legitimate overestimate vulnerable isolation security bond concern (B) peruse peruse peruse (C) (B) (C) (A) (B) This (B) (C) 139

140 Answers &Explanations (B) (C) (A) That (C) (A) (C) That in itself would not have been so bad had it not been for the mice.: had it not been for the mice if if it had not been for the mice(= without the mice) Had we let the friend borrow the camper, she would have discovered the boxes before the mice did.: Had we let ~ the camper if (we declined to loan out our camper) loan out spotless decline shred overlook 18 (B) (A) (C), (B), (A) It (B) This new way of thinking about the body. (C) they (A) Some people in the sociology of sport (B) (A) (C) In their work they are asking critical questions about how the body is trained, disciplined, and manipulated in sports and how some sport scientists are using technology to probe, monitor, test, evaluate, and rehabilitate the body as a performance machine.: how about phenomenon unchanging socially define issue sociology discipline ground agreement challenge split characterize critical probe rehabilitate 19 (B) A B A B (C) (A) A B A B (B) (B) (C) (C) (A) Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little 140

141 evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all.: is the fallacy ~ at all even worse ~ evidence evidence fallacy cause-and-effect relationship leap to a conclusion suspicion assume logic 20 Jim Lesotho (B) Jim (A) Jim Jim (C) ho bina Lesotho Jim Jim (B) Jim (A) (C) Their word for singing, ho bina, also means to dance ; there is no distinction, since it is assumed that singing involves bodily movement.: since fieldwork patiently puzzling recall involve 13 단락속에문장넣기 We know that students introduced to their teachers as intellectual bloomers often do better on achievement tests than do their counterparts who lack such a positive introduction.: introduced ~ intellectual bloomers students who ~ introduction their counterparts self-fulfilling prophecy counterpart tank crew tank commander assign exceptional randomly optimistic approach 141

142 Answers &Explanations But When they compared the way pedestrians crossed at both kinds of crosswalks on roads with considerable traffic volumes, they found that people at unmarked crosswalks tended to look both ways more often, waited more often for gaps in traffic, and crossed the road more quickly.: that ~ quickly found tendedwaitedcrossed people motorist yield to marked considerable suspect cautiously Parents often believe that they are providing help to their children when they constantly correct and criticize them, assuming that they will grow from these remarks.: that ~ them believe assuming ~ remarks they their children correct assume remark stubbornness virtually better off look to 04 Tom 142

143 Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom looked around and saw there was no one else to help, so he asked the blind man if he would like help crossing the street.: to help no one else to if ~ the street asked crossing the street crosswalk speeding readily They should be providing ~ They the news media Even the large, so-called liberal American media have admitted [that they have not always been watchdogs for the public interest], and [that their own coverage on some major issues looks strikingly one-sided at times. ]: that have admitted and threaten convince diverse last resort undertake on one s behalf watchdog 06 mount obviously crucial coverage 05 So Martin Handford 1986 Wally Where s Wally 1990 Wally Wally 17 each location a character the character He went on to publish seven more Where s Wally books, create a television show, and license several video 143

144 Answers &Explanations games.: to publish, (to) create, (to) license and went on backpack specialize in license [] 07 commercial babababababab abab This phenomenon of creating a second wind can be seen in action at airports where security officers rotate around different stations to stop routine-induced fatigue from settling in.: be to stop experimenter participant subtly renewed demonstrate exhausted fatigue security officer rotate routine-induced settle in 08 Jason But Jason Jason But the ones in which he could get up and do things like industrial arts, drama, science projects, or P.E. were always his favorites.: the ones were the ones in which ~ P.E. industrial art restless unmotivated to one s advantage doodle act out

145 Despite the fact that the meals are identical, economists say, people nearly always eat the one for which they paid full price.: that ~ identical the fact run out of special offer bargain ready meal snap up pop out unreheatable identical But MTV Labels know the answer lies online, tapping the wordof-mouth forces that are replacing traditional marketing in creating demand, but they re still trying to figure out exactly how best to do it. that the ~ forces terminal launch playlist in heavy rotation unparalleled brutally keep tap word-of-mouth MTV MTV such evidence 1974 In fact 145

146 Answers &Explanations Research has shown that we automatically assign to good-looking individuals such favorable traits as talent, kindness, honesty, and intelligence.that ~ intelligence has shown favoritism follow-up demonstrate bias assign trait consequence term appearance 12 While there are many places where this traditional view of a scientist still holds true, labs aren t the only place where science is at work.: While where this ~ true many places where science ~ work the only place traditional hold true lab laboratory be at work glassware sophisticated equipment be engaged in [] construction site architect 13 51% One study The taste for caramels In monkey colonies, where rigid dominance hierarchies exist, beneficial innovations do not spread quickly through the group unless they are taught first to a dominant animal.: where where exist monkey colonies unless if ~ not troop minor status ladder wrongheaded colony rigid dominance hierarchy innovation dominant illustration inch [ ] rank 146

147 contrast A with B to this point 14 1 DNA these bits of whale skin the bits of skin The DNA extracted from these bits of whale skin not only identifies the individuals in the group, but also reveals their relationships to each other.: extracted ~ skin The DNA The DNA extract extracted identifies reveals extract reveal suckle calf be content with hang around zip over re-submerge 15 Provided those benefiting from your gift could possibly repay your generosity in the future, that was the best thing you could do with excess meat.: Provided ~ future if excess kin evolutionary refrigeration humanoid savannah strike it lucky yield fridge provided generosity stable altruism prosper multiply Churchill 914 Churchill Hudson

148 Answers &Explanations Although polar bears are powerful marine mammals, able to swim a hundred miles or more nonstop, they re too slow to catch a seal in open water.:too to seal polar bear marine open water 17 Arctic bay mammal put these This emotional and sensory appeal of soft cookies is apparently at least as strong as are the physical cravings that the product satisfies.:as as as strong as as (the physical cravings that the product satisfies) (are) chew deliver awareness distinguish A from B crunchy fuss apparently appeal devour melt-in-your-mouth sensory craving 18 a clanhouse The clanhouse This woman the senior female member of the clan Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when (they are) not in use.: which a clanhouse be when they are 148

149 adjoin feature ceremony sacred be in charge of ritual performance 19 Ode to Joy At home, he kept large sketchbooks into which he might copy the results or enter new ideas, fashioning and refashioning the music, crossing it out and starting again.: fashioning ~ the music crossing it outstarting again he sustained musicology sequence fashion cross out scatter edge ode compositional 14 심경 분위기 Delia Elanova Delia Delia Madison Delia Delia Delia As the bus rolled down Madison Avenue, she slipped her hand into her ballet bag to touch her new shoes.: to touch step out of welcome neighborhood eagerly sign up roll leap soar Maine Bangor 149

150 Answers &Explanations Bill Bill 40 4 Bill40 Steve Bill I Bill said it again as clearly as he could, Four hundred thousand dollars. Congratulations, Steve. : as ~ as could publish publication right speechless wild go for in disbelief 03 Green Lily Lily Green Lily Green Green Lily Lily (irritated) It s time you started thinking about other people. : It s time It s time to charity pull on 04 urge patience Kate 16 Kate Kate Kate Kate 16 Kate (disappointed) Kate (delighted) Well, he didn t forget your birthday, Kate. I was going to give this to you at your birthday party this afternoon, said her mother, giving her a small pink box with a purple ribbon, which arrived from Africa the day 150

151 before.: giving ~ ribbon which and it 06 addressed to treat scared relieved indifferent ashamed confused 05 Tom Tom feel his voice shaking, missed a sentence, hands felt sweaty and his heart racing Tom (nervous) (relieved) Being in the spotlight made him feel tense.: Being in the spotlight (make)(him) (feel) spotlight tense deliver lines comment apart from comforting 10 As one of the judges handed him an envelope, my heart began to beat faster and my palms began to sweat.: hand him an envelope whirl judge bend whisper envelope sweat on the edge of one s seat eternity 07 Gilbert (excited) 151

152 Answers &Explanations (hopeful) It gave me great pleasure to think about how my dream would become a reality.how ~ reality about stretch [ ] [] infinite decline accept emerge promise 08 Liz Liz Tim! Liz (tense) Tim (relieved) The figure stood so still and low to the ground that it might have been a stump.: so ~ that... might have plump stealthy stump 09 I (hopeless) (bottles) (happy) One day I got so badly injured that I couldn t swim and come up for air.: so ~ that... injured badly aquarium trainer aimless depression inseparable 10 injured attach dispirited ignore affection 152

153 150 one of the most terrifying experiences of my life felt a sudden chill a certain panic in his voice my arms and legs were paralyzed (frightened) Then I saw something approaching me in the water.: saw something approaching ~ water be in for paddle [] stillness close it on paralyze 11 I (nervous) I hadn t slept a wink the previous night.: do not sleep a wink adrenaline vein pace display butterflies gaze 12 Walt Disney World 20 The Little Mermaid Under the Sea The Lion King The Circle of Life Walt Disney World irritated delighted Then, rising above the unpleasant buzz of complaining children and parents, ~. Then, rising above the unpleasant buzz of complaining 153

154 Answers &Explanations children and parents, comes a thin, persistent melody: (rising above ~ parents) (a thin, persistent melody) (comes) 14 busload overstimulated annoyed whiny buzz persistent quiet down from hell 13 Jess Jess (worried) (pleased) There could be reeds, or other dangers she didn t know about.:there is reeds, or other dangers could be dangers that[which] other dangers take a step scan stiffen reed concerned townie embrace luxuriant sweep current Michael Michael Michael Michael (horrified) He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within.: an uneasy darkness feel consume (consume) an uneasy darkness (consume) make out caution creak futile consume fail

155 He (determined) He would pull himself out of despair; he would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that had taken possession of him.: would thrillingly instantaneous desperate make a man of take possession of solemn revolution roaring district somebody 15 필자의주장 There are people that you feel good being around and others you don t.: don t feel good being around doubt accumulate comment negative challenge face positive rock

156 Answers &Explanations They want to have the service rendered to them in a manner that pleases them: have the service render rendered that pleases them a manner technically promptly render courtesy consideration the driver s seat public relation insure 03 Instead of rededicating themselves to the exciting months and years ahead, they allow themselves to be overwhelmed with the mistakes that they made in the past.: they themselves matter a good deal of regret overwhelmed future-oriented 04 uneasy potential rededicate resolve enthusiasm If they worked in a well-organized environment for any length of time, they would be surprised at how much more productive they were.: If would messiness turn out to be capacity have a tendency to amaze

157 But it does mean working hard, something anyone can do.: it Effective ~ organization. does mean tone expert light year be ahead of routine discredit 06 (brainstorming) If you have lots of energy early in the morning, that is when you should schedule difficult activities, whether for you these are brainstorming, writing, or practicing.: whether efficiently internal clock ebb flow brainstorming interval hit one s stride 07 1/4 Nature Trail Lincoln Dollars I have always taught my children that politeness, learning, and order are good things, and that something good is to be desired and developed for its own sake.: my children taught and that politeness for one s own sake recess trash deed citizenship minimal cooperation 157

158 Answers &Explanations treat disturb reinforce incentive When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm.: to see be while he was The same fear hangs around freelance writers, who see the work of other writers appearing in magazines while their own keeps returning in the mail.: while their own work be bound for paralyze chill overtake craft destination presumably credit studiously competition motivational ungenerous performance firm resentment colleague

159 16 글의요지 One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don t do them at all.: One reason many people ~ do is that ~ all without regard to revise polish mess beat oneself up let go of stumbling block stick 02 Most seemingly impossible obstacles can be overcome by seeing possibilities, focusing on what is within your control, taking the first step, and then focusing on the next step and the next step after that.: by seeingfocusingtaking focusing excellence obstacle initially overwhelming overcome seemingly commitment pursuit rejoice embrace ongoing positive perspective persistence

160 Answers &Explanations But when we learn to say no to what we don t feel like doing in order to say yes to our true self, ~.: what ~ doing to in order to cooperative fall into the trap of [ ] go along with 04 The expectation of future interaction motivates people to look for positive qualities in someone so that they will look forward to future interactions rather than dread them, and increases the chances that people will find the individual attractive.: The expectation of future interaction motivates increases and that ~ attractive the chances regardless of interaction motivate dread conversely foresee depressing 05 GalileoEdvard MunchToni MorrisonSylvia Plath If students do a science project, it is a good idea for them to present it and demonstrate why it makes an important contribution.: (it) (for them to present ~ contribution) (why it makes ~ contribution) demonstrate 160

161 assume sell suspicion distrust practical demonstrate contribution 06 I believe the biggest reason why so many salespeople fail is because they can t separate themselves from their product.: why ~ fail the biggest reason believe that the biggest reason is When you look at a painting, a piece of sculpture, or a building, you experience exactly what the artist created without involving an intervening person.: experience what sculpture intervene bring ~ to life [] composition to a degree physically 08 product have nothing to do with potential afford reject slam the door in one s face separate

162 Answers &Explanations Although praise may encourage children to continue an activity while an adult is watching, according to recent studies, they are less likely to continue the activity when the adult leaves or to repeat the activity in the future.to continue ~ leaves to repeat ~ future are less likely or according to commitment verbal goody icing appealing flavor feel ill nourishment 09 What s dangerous about the Internet is, because it has the aura of technology around it, it has a totally undeserved instant credibility. What What s ~ Internet is because ~ around it it has ~ credibility The fact that information is conveyed in this high-tech manner somehow adds authority to what is conveyed, when in fact the Internet is a global conveyer of unfiltered, unedited, untreated information.that ~ manner The fact when in fact aura undeserved [ ] instant credibility somehow add authority convey unfiltered unedited untreated dumb publish [] have a way of -ing immediately have access to [] gossip

163 It s as if we are robots programmed to respond on cue to whatever demands the least time and attention, ~. whatever attention to name, explore, ask to uphold indefinitely disguise sacrifice subordinate identity dismiss further preconceived notion self-concept on cue disregard skim time-consuming contemplate meditate [] 11 CEO CEO CEO CEO CEO Some of the ways we helped the CEOs remove their masks were to actually name the masks, explore the significant personal and professional costs of upholding them, and ask the CEOs to reflect on the leader they most admired.we ~ makes Some of the ways ways were 12 Sooner or later, since you cannot do what you are trying to do, you quit.: Sooner or later since ~ to do what you are trying to do cannot do perfection paralysis predictable steer cling to convinced irony [] spiral misdirect [ ] stall

164 Answers &Explanations A man standing on the street corner selling nonbreakable pens suddenly finds that the one he is demonstrating with breaks in half.: standing ~ pens A man finds that finds that he ~ with the one breaks demonstrate declare aspect initial resource overcome feat cliché Ward The good news is that it s never too late to start building up muscle strength, regardless of your age.: that it to start significantly intense combat 15 I ain t got no pencil I ain t got no pencil, Oh, you don t have a pencil. The approach most consistent with culturally responsive teaching is to first accept the dialect and then build on it.: to accept (to) build it the dialect dialect rejection 164

165 correction apparent 16 consistent long-range Richard Wiseman Wiseman 3~5 Instead ~ lucky 6 For instance, Wiseman found that lucky people always take notice of what s going on around them and stay open to new experiences and opportunities.: that found what of fate destiny take notice of meanwhile tense explicitly awesome 17 Karen O Quinn Joel Aronoff 6,000 6,000 It seemed that the brief humorous comment momentarily put the participants in a good mood and encouraged them to be more giving.: It that ~ givingthem the participants negotiate purchase negotiation throw ~ in compromise momentarily 18 C What is uplifting in those times is appreciating life and 165

166 Answers &Explanations facing the challenges that come with it, realizing that you are facing challenges fellow humans have also faced.: What is appreciating facing realizing ~ faced stink uplifting downsize be better off reinforcement protein unattainable One of the reasons I have been able to accomplish much and keep growing personally is that I have not only set aside time to reflect, but I have separated myself from distractions for short blocks of time: I ~ personally One of the reasons isthat philosopher observe reflection self-examination distraction separate block as long as remove oneself interruption 20 While this approach can work well for problems that are similar to those previously solved, it often fails, and fails miserably, when a new problem is particularly novel.: that ~ solved problems those problems attack rely on approach similar to previously miserably particularly novel circumstance assume martial arts irrelevant absorb filter essential mistakenly screen out seasoned

167 DNA You see the world as one big contest, where everyone is competing against everybody else.: where where one big contest compete breakthrough inspire geneticist unlock molecule 22 Terence Mitchell Leigh Thompson Mitchell 12 3 Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components.: Because most waits it is ~ that... the memory of the outcome outcome dominate intermediate minimize retrospection live up to one s expectation intensify amplify 23 To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: To make matters worse prominent figure indiscretion tendency be found with a hand in the cookie jar skeptical passive voice

168 Answers &Explanations For whatever becomes a work of art of any kind does so as a result of an act of creation, an act of artistic composition, an act involving the art of make-believe.: whatever does as a result of (an act ~) Offering incentives, such as a group bonus or a vacation trip, to a team as a whole is not a smart managerial move because it fails to acknowledge who an individual is.: Offering incentives is because it fail to employer employee incentive managerial move acknowledge discourage come up with indispensible contemporary inevitable component sensibility elemental well-spring refined composition make-believe comprehensive

169 17 글의제목 Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and took a great deal of time away from work.: were structured took Holiday rituals thrifty scarce communally bountiful motivate raid ritual distribute 02 oriented heartily incentive refill hardship feasting TV Soaring Over California (senses of touch and smell) TV Soaring Over California The view the wearer of some special device sees is projected on the screen behind him.: the wearer ~ sees The view the wearer that which The view is mediated stimulate optical auditory engage project become immersed in 169

170 Answers &Explanations simulated aroma soar attraction orchard emerging manipulate 03 ~, and most of these incidents are caused by the people themselves.: most of of these incidents be are hiker threatening disadvantage poisonous reaction 04 common sense overcome incident allergic A440 A 440Hz A 70 Led Zeppelin A440 A 440Hz A Led Zeppelin A 440Hz Led Zeppelin, a band popular in the 70s, often tuned their instruments away from the modern A440 standard to give their music an uncommon sound, and perhaps to link it with the European children s folk songs that inspired many of their compositions.: to give ~ sound to link ~ compositions to and that ~ compositions the European children s folk songs pitch frequency value note arbitrary precise overall tune uncommon inspire composition purist period instrument deem 170

171 05 That s because being a good writer is about more than writing.: That s because fill a position pay off omit quality candidate make a comeback currency 06 1 Actions we perform through which we intend to express our feelings, thoughts, and attitudes need not have any communicative intent for how others may respond.: Actions need through which ~ attitudes Actions through which intention secondary to crucial exhortation disgust communicative 07 convey actual anticipation urgency attitude representation 8 171

172 Answers &Explanations 1 5 Despite the extended free time, people of both France and Germany are very productive when they work.: Despite the extended free timeboth A and B A B engage in overtime state extended 08 However, governments and other public agencies are finding that funding to maintain sites and facilities, to cope with increased demand on the landscape, is becoming difficult to maintain.: that funding is becomingto to maintain ~ facilities funding to to cope with ~ landscape permit facilities cope with demand landscape compensate for [] dilemma charge ,825 Florida Everglades Everglades 99% Everglades Florida Bill Nelson Everglades Florida Everglades Florida 172

173 Florida Florida Everglades With their prey exhausted, the snakes will begin moving out of the Everglades in search of food pets, for example.: with [] swamp discard sighting envision exhausted belong successful themselves.not all ~ The number of unsuccessful people who come from successful parents is proof that genes have nothing to do with success.who ~ parents unsuccessful people that ~ success proof gene shorts go for disaster proof have nothing to do with be up to imitate copy terrific jot down genes jeans shorts Not all children of successful people become In the early 1990s Norway introduced a carbon tax on emissions from energy, and it did seem to encourage environmental innovation.did seem If such similar countries can t come to an agreement, 173

174 Answers &Explanations there is little hope for doing so with the vastly more diverse countries in the rest of the world.little doing so coming to an agreement 13 carbon tax innovation notoriously harmonize 12 emission circumstance myriad diverse Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel: At best, restorers and museum directors aesthetic preferences and historical theories drive restorations, for it is impossible to step outside one s historical context.: for comma(,) it is ~ context restoration aesthetic subconscious refashion contemporary authentic aesthetics This unspoken timetable provides you with a social clock, a schedule that tells you if you re keeping pace with your peers, are ahead of them, or are falling behind.: a social clock a schedule ~ behind if tells implicit keep pace with dissatisfaction flexible tolerant deviation exert

175 Vendy Awards Vendy Awards Most of the vendors are immigrants bringing street versions of the world s diverse food traditions to this already international metropolis.: Most of the vendors are bringing ~ metropolis immigrants home stand pushcart vendor metropolis snack vegetarian track down offering Perhaps most significant was the invention of a precise and unambiguous notation that could record a wide variety of rhythms and allowed music to be distributed in writing and performed accurately wherever it went.: the invention ~ went was was approach profound impact unambiguous notation distribute sight-read innovation authorship

176 Answers &Explanations Giving people the latitude and flexibility to use their judgment and apply their talents rapidly accelerates progress.: Giving ~ talents accelerates The kids have been so demanding that you are completely worn out.: so ~ that... It doesn t matter what the circumstances are ~.: It what latitude accelerate enterprise 18 flexibility inspire empower manifest rush demanding boredom stretch couch 17 Ellyn McColgan 176

177 Monocropping vast fields with the same genetically uniform seeds helps boost yield and meet immediate hunger needs.: help to boost meet revolution blessing adapt high-yield to the exclusion of monocropping genetically boost fertilizer pesticide livestock dilute shrink accidentally conquer double-edged Time It may sound ironic, but if you have experienced a lot of failure, you are actually in a better position to achieve success than people who have not.: have experienced who have not experienced a lot of failure due to be laid off resilient weather adversity bounce back setback security despair 20 Pinchas Zukerman Aspen Zukerman Zukerman Zukerman Zukerman Aspen ~, Zukerman complimented the artist, then picked up his own violin, tucked it under his chin, paused a long moment, and then, without playing a note or uttering a word, he placed the instrument back in its case.: Zukerman complimented, picked up, tucked, paused without playing a note uttering a word master class auditorium aspiring distinguished 177

178 Answers &Explanations electric fine applause tuck note deafen in recognition of compliment ~, the scale measures just how much upward force it must exert on you in order to keep you from moving downward toward the earth s center.: measures (how much ~ on you) in order + to scale measure exert upward force stationary downward weight cancel magnitude net force At the end of the round of introductions, the students were asked to write down the names of as many other students as they could remember.: I asked the students to write down ~ be asked to take turns recall on edge be preoccupied with calm nerve immediately

179 Richard Dawkins John Krebs Richard Dawkins and John Krebs argued that although in some circumstances it might be appropriate to describe animal signals as transferring information, in many other, perhaps most, cases there would be such a conflict of interest between signaller and receiver that it is more accurate to describe the signaller as attempting to manipulate the receiver rather than just inform it.: argued that argued although there would be such ~ that... it the receiver appropriate signal transfer conflict interest signaller receiver accurate manipulate angler fish snap manipulation prey false ~ it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.:it was ~ that... their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing infer optimistic peasant mimic 25 prosperity transport ritual DNA ,

180 Answers &Explanations 35,000 50,000 DNA According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier.: would have assume descendant jawbone 26 exodus underway It is true that many producers asked to invest a few hundred thousand dollars in a production have preferred a play of proven merit and past success to a new, untried play.: It that that many producers asked ~ in a production many producers (who that are) asked ~ in a production be theatergoer tremendous undesirable 27 invest revive See how the walnut has grown to fill every corner available to it.: See how walnut creation blossom take heart marvelous say bloom 180

181 18 문단요약 self-help book (B) (A) (A) demanding (B) activates Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it lit up as the readers encountered unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures.: study record were able to it the brain activity (A) (B) (A) associate (B) environmental The apparent complexity of a man s behavior over time is largely a reflection of the complexity of the environment in which he finds himself.: The apparent complexity ~ time is which the environment in which where complexity sophisticated overlook strategy solidify mold 03 trigger straightforward hemisphere self-reflection pedestrian academic 181

182 Answers &Explanations (A) (B) (A) justify (B) face If the consumer were to withdraw from the deal after the slight change in the terms of agreement, he might foster the rather undesirable impression of being an irresponsible consumer unaware of these necessary charges.: If were to unaware ~ charges an irresponsible consumer low-balling incur metaphorical in terms of self-perception infer foster (A) (B) (A) (B) cities cope with It is precisely this issue of vulnerability on which a number of social scientists focused, arguing that although floods, landslides and earthquakes are natural processes, the disasters that can be associated with them are not a result of natural processes, but of human vulnerability.: on which focused this issue of vulnerability on focused which arguing a number of social scientistsnot A but B A B vulnerability hazard disaster unprecedented [] resident spontaneous settlement precisely landslide be associated with

183 (A) (B) (A) (B) collective transmits It is far more important to realize that the intentions of a given society in transmitting a narrative may have nothing to do with the purposes of its author.: It to realize far more important narrative myth participate in [] transmission have nothing to do with so long as relevant mentality given (that) (A) (B) (A) (B) common overlook We ignore the great variation that exists within each group and reduce its members to the common ground that ties all the members of that group together.: the great variation the common ground that (exists, ties) classification variation distinguish differentiate reduce [](to) membership [] trap 07 University College London John Adams Adams John Adams (A) (B) (A) (B) contribute to 183

184 Answers &Explanations tempts Why, in country after country that mandated seat belts, was it impossible to see the promised reduction in road accident fatalities? it to see ~ fatalities mandate [] fatality measure legislation vulnerable pedestrian counterintuitive compensation inborn tolerance chance 08 The Bourne Identity Matt Damon (A) (B) (A) (B) retrieve construct For example, when we meet Matt Damon s character in the movie The Bourne Identity, we learn that he has no memory for who he is, why he has the skills he does, or where he is from.: who ~ iswhy ~ doeswhere ~ from for amnesia inability recall reflect portray character exceedingly intact integrate rearrange dismiss conceal 09 Mona Lisa Giaconda (A) (B) All art is creation, regardless of how closely the imitation approximates the original. (A) imitates Leonardo s Mona Lisa is not Mona Lisa. The latter has long since gone to her reward; the former will never die. (B) perishes The artist always contributes something new, something that never was put together in precisely that way before.: that that way regardless of approximate 184

185 rigorous ultimately subject aspect put together precisely go to one s reward 10 (B) (A) (A) neutrality (B) avoid It parallels advocacy in so far as it tends to involve a process of negotiation, but differs in so far as mediation involves adopting a neutral role between two opposing parties rather than taking up the case of one party against another.: but differs parallels rather than taking up ~ adopting ~ mediation advocacy parallel negotiation take up overlap clarity blurred counterproductive credibility 11 Greene Greene Greene Greene (A) (B) Greene (A) (B) everyday reasoning An analogy carried throughout the book compares the moral brain to a camera with automatic settings for taking a picture of a mountain or an indoor portrait or a close-up of a flower, and manual settings for unusual conditions or when we want a nonstandard artistic effect.: compare A to BA B with automatic settings ~ flower manual settings ~ effect underlying analogy portrait manual intuition morality trustworthy indicator novel conscience logic habitual 185

186 Answers &Explanations (A) (B) (A) decreased (B) distinct This phenomenon, called adaptation, reflects the fatigue of receptors sensitive to sour tastes.: called adaptation This phenomenon reflects receptor solution vinegar phenomenon substance intensity 13 soak dilute concentration fatigue cross-adaptation (A) (B) (A) (B) immediate alienation A further reason for this alienation in modern societies is that in his conception of reality the modern adult owes less to his direct experience and more to the experience of his culture than does primitive man.: that than does primitive enact acquire alienation contemporary 14 transmit institution heritage conception offspring 186

187 (A) (B) (A) (B) speed cultural backgrounds Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life.: noting ~ life (A) (B) (A) (B) reflect on popularity Then and only then will its novelty have become worn out and will it become the basis for a new conceptual metaphor: life is a drinking substance.: only its novelty will and novelty vehicle perceivable metaphor gain currency capture the fancy of substance rational orientation contemporary independent hardship reflect

188 Answers &Explanations 19 세트형문항 (1) ~ shifting balance Unless something interferes, the inferior competitor loses out and the competitively superior species takes over.: Unless (If ~ not) Periodic disturbances such as severe storms, battering by drifting logs, or underwater landslides can reduce the population of a dominant competitor and give other species a chance.: Periodic ~ landslides can reduce (can) give organism scarce interfere competitive exclusion periodic dominant foliose alga (pl. algae) encrusting algae 03~04 188

189 A skilled explainer learns to see the intent behind the question and formulate an answer that focuses on understanding instead of efficiency.: learns to see formulate that that ~ efficiency an answer win-win density perspective probe well-placed universally formulate 05~ It is not just the size of the park that matters.: It is ~ that... not just the size of the park that matters The baseball research shows us that what matters is not the actual distance to the fence but what our brains recognize that distance to be.: what matters shows that not A but B A B humidity achievable swing adjust [] perception 07~08 189

190 Answers &Explanations These days, looking at sociable robots and digitized friends, one might assume that what we want is to be always in touch and never alone, no matter who or what we are in touch with.: that ~ with assume what we want that no matter who ~ with We may decide that for these conversations, we must have a person who knows, firsthand, what it means to be born, to have parents and a family, to wish for love and perhaps children, and to anticipate death: what ~ death knows it to be ~ death to be bornto have ~ familyto wish ~ childrento anticipate death and underpin acquaintanceship [] unfit outage supernatural 09~10 flesh

191 Whether we develop effective communication skills that promote healthy interactions depends largely on how we learn to communicate.: Whether ~ interactions dependsthat ~ interactions effective communication skills Children raised in households that foster communication find it easier to talk to others about their disappointments, fears, frustrations, and other emotions later in life.: Children raised ~ communication Children it to talk wellness interaction bond promote [] shy frustration later in life individual ultimately foster [] 11~12 Glen Elder Silicon Valley Wall Street Chicago New York Times California Stephen Berglas Berglas Nor, conversely, do we soar too high on our successes.: do be We needed people who could perform and not get emotionally attached to losses, a Chicago oil trader told the New York Times, explaining why the firm likes athletes on the trading floor, particularly in ugly economic times like these.: explaining a Chicago oil trader under cover of darkness exposure beneficial trauma survivable setback conversely high profile attached to trading floor saddle sling categorically 191

192 Answers &Explanations 13~ There are, of course, advantages to the free exchange of information, and I do believe any producers of data should have the freedom to make them available online.: do believe that any producers of data ~ online believe There need to be some forms of guides and filters provided by responsible individuals and organizations.: provided ~ organizations some forms of guides and filters corrupt junk filter distinguish reliable be convinced that 15~ Certain animals and plants have a built-in sense of carrying capacity, so that ~ they remain within the limits 192

193 of their habitat s ability to support them. Certain animals and plants have a built-in sense of carrying capacity, so that instead of overshooting and having a die-off, they remain within the limits of their habitat s ability to support them.:so that ~ Experiments have shown that no matter what number of lake trout a pond is stocked with in the beginning, the population will increase until it reaches a particular density, then level off at about the same number.:no matter what ~ carrying capacity malnutrition [] compromise vulnerable overshoot die-off lake trout thought-out reproductive stock level off [] 17~ They rush this way and that, dealing with emergencies, handling multiple projects at the same time, and never letting anything fall through the cracks.: dealing with ~, handling ~, never letting A, B, and C ~ once you ve got three or four misthrown projects in the air at work, no amount of rushing around is going to keep them from crashing to the ground.: once [ ] keep... from juggle approach devote extraordinary rush [] emergency fall through the cracks It turns out that ~ in the air at work no amount of remarkable irreplaceable 193

194 Answers &Explanations 19~ One result was a shift from the industry norm of hiding watch mechanisms within the case to making parts visible in order to show off the increasingly complicated, visually stimulating mechanical movements.: from A to B A B in order + to to manual [] calendar watch [] power movement quartz dominate quartz movement redouble insightful mechanism show off niche immune 21~22 Edgar Allan Poe Poe 1846Graham s Magazine Poe Poe Poe 21 Edgar Allan Poe 194

195 22 Edgar Allan Poe Sometimes, the best way to resolve a dilemma whether it s a writing dilemma or a thinking dilemma is simply to start writing. whether A or B A B to resolve a dilemma the best way to start writing tease intriguing elusive vague dismiss [] argument subtle distinctness conceive forthwith advocate 23~ Whatever they chose, they could not change their minds later.: Whatever they chose Despite thinking that we would like the freedom to change our minds, it appears that we are happier with our choices if we think they can t be changed, ~.: Despite thinking ~ minds Despite romantic undo reversibility commitment worsen undermine satisfaction twist switch paradoxical built-in defense better off permanent 195

196 Answers &Explanations 25~26 Chris Greicius Chris Tommy Austin Chris Ron Cox Chris Chris Frank Shankwitz Chris Cox Arizona Chris Chris Shankwitz Chris Chris Shankwitz Make-A-Wish 8 25 Chris Shankwitz Make-A-Wish 26 Chris Two days later, Chris died in the hospital, his uniform close at hand.: his uniform ~ at hand close being obstacle stand in one s way make it arrange for squad car swear ~ in honorary trooper close at hand prompt co-found 27~

197 If the dreamer then calls and finds that the loved one has died, it is understandable for him or her to assume that the dream was a premonition of that death.: that finds to assume if it to assume for him or her to prophetic traumatic correspondence arise 29~30 decode premonition obtain assumption George Ritzer Weber But This term refers to the standardization of everyday life, a process that is transforming our lives.: the standardization of everyday life a process ~ lives that ~ lives a process In my own travels, for example, had I taken packaged tours I never would have had the eyeopening experiences that have added so much to my appreciation of human diversity.: had I taken packaged tours if if I had taken packaged tours if had I sociologist robotlike assembly standardization transform dependability predictability spontaneity bland eye-opening diversity bureaucracy 31~32 (A) 12,000 (B) 197

198 Answers &Explanations (D) (C) 31 (B) the newspaper (A) the newspaper (A) (B). (B) (B) (D). (C) 32 But I continued to study the images in the newspaper and then consulted a globe.: continued consulted That is why it is necessary in science to have many people making many observations of the same phenomenon.: That is why ~ it to (to have ~ phenomenon) phase seeing that ~ picture illustration waxing moon illuminate consult phenomenon hemisphere equator 33~ Many people believe that it is critical to share similar, if not identical, beliefs and values with someone with whom they have a relationship.: if not identical identical beliefs and values similar beliefs and values identical belief value 198

199 mandatory extremely overlook spectrum economically politically last frustration intellectual incorporate principle conform philosophy growth 35~36 Whitney For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.: it to discover But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure ~.: having taken ~ world be about to acquaintance immense startlingly inevitably companion impact solitude personhood bring out 37~38 76 Serafina Vinon 5 Serafina Serafina Serafina TV Serafina 199

200 Answers &Explanations 37 Serafina 38 Serafina She could reach the barn in half the time if she took a direct route, but she prefers following invisible winding trails to save the slopes from erosion.: she prefers following invisible winding trails (if she took a direct route, she could reach the barn in half the time) In effect what she enjoys most is what she has been doing for a living all along.: what is herd meadow tend winding trail erosion in effect outdoors keep ~ company ignorant of progress alternative fashionable 20 세트형문항 (2) ~03 (A) Manti 2 Jim Nelson Jim (C) Jim Jim (B) Jim 1997 Jim (D) Jim Jim Jim 3 Jim 200

201 01 (A) (C) (B) his injury (C) (C) (B) (B) (D) 02 (a)(b)(c)(d) Jim (e) 03 Because of his injury, Jim wasn t able to play on the basketball team during the rest of that year, but the coach did make him equipment manager so that he could come and practice.: so that Jim won not only the game but also the hearts of his teammates for proving that with determination, no obstacle is too great.: not only A but (also) B A B junior outstanding steep equipment basket try out make it sloping end up cast nerve regain starter substitute sprain deathly swish obstacle 04~06 (A) (C) (B) (D) 04 (A) Here is my story. (C) (A) (C) (B) the box (C) a box labeled This is where you belong. (C) (B) (B) (D) 05 (a)(b)(c)(d) (e) 06 A lot of people were worried, but I said, Well, I m going to get out of my box by deciding what to do myself instead of having someone else tell me what to do. : by -ing have tell someone else tell tackle chant end up urgent sign up for crucial shift 201

202 Answers &Explanations astronaut eventually label 09 (D) 07~09 (A) (D) (B) (C) Betty 07 (A) (D) (B) (C) 08 (a)(b)(d)(e) (c) ~, but the harsh immigrant life pushed her to support her family.: Touched by this simple message, I said, ~.: Touched ~ message Touched Being immigrant harsh by chance in return for reward moral 10~12 (A) Otto (C) Pleasant Hill Oakland (D) 12 Pleasant Hill

203 (B) 10 (A) (C) (D) (B) 11 (a)(b)(c)(d) Otto (e) (dad) 12 (D) He didn t want to find himself working longer and longer hours just to pay for more space and the stuff to fill it.: find to pay ~ it toto fill it the stuff to In many ways, I ve modeled my life after that of my grandpa.: that the life credit tax break integral cramped deprivation pursue austerity [] revolution plot devour neighborhood real estate 13~15 (A) Grey Grey Janet (D) Grey Nikki Janet Janet Janet Nikki Janet 3 (B) Janet Rick Matt Grey Janet (C) Janet Janet 13 Grey (A) (D) Grey Janet (B) Janet Grey (C) Janet 14 (a)(b)(c)(e) Janet (d) Nikki 15 Janet 203

204 Answers &Explanations (Being) Relieved, they thanked one another and felt oneness in their hearts.: Being Relieved Kids were shocked to see Mr. Grey fall down, and they began screaming.: to + auditorium emergency clap slam music stand edge pull motion [] 16~18 (A) Moravia (B) 3,571,962 (D) Vienna (C) 1 16 Moravia (A) (B) 3,571,962 (D) (C) 1 17 (a)(c)(d)(e) (b) 18 It was part of his duty to make such periodic inspections of the schools.: It to make I was really very anxious to tell that story and a fine story it was but you see, I wasn t able for the life of me to remember the number of hairs.: for the life of me perception inspector periodic slap escort 19~21 childlike duty progress thoroughly (A) Zach Zach Tony Zach Tony (B) Zach Tony Zach Tony 204

205 (D) Zach Tony Tony Zach Zach Tony (C) Zach Tony Tony Zach Zach 2 19 Zach Tony (A) (B) (D) Tony Zach (C) Zach 20 (a)(c)(d)(e) Zach (b) 21 Tony Zach Zach To prepare for the race, both Zach and Tony bought a specially made swimming suit that could minimize resistance against water and help them swim faster.: that (that could ~ faster) a specially made swimming suit minimize ~ water help ~ faster and Both Zach and Tony asked the swimming coach if they could wear it.: if if they could wear it asked minimize conscience hesitate 22~24 resistance conflict (A) John Walton (C) John John (B) John (D) John New South Wales 22 John (A) (C) (B) John (D) John Then the company sent a motivational speaker out ~, and John was in the audience. 205

206 Answers &Explanations He became convinced that it was his destiny in life to make good beginnings and then watch them fade away.: that it to make He realized for the first time that his image of himself as a person who started well and then faded away was all in his head, a state of mind that could be altered any time he made a firm decision to alter it.: who ~ away a person realized that his image was He told me, It was that one talk that changed my self-image by giving it a little twist. :It was ~ that... that one talk fade away hold back [] unfold enthusiasm dog crown [ ] 25~27 A Wilson Glendale Mike Brian Wilson Mike (D) Wilson (C) Wilson (B) Brian Mike 25 Wilson Mike Brian A D Wilson C B Mike Brian 26 (a), (b), (c), (e) Mike Brian (d) her former chemistry professors 27 It was when Mrs. Wilson showed the creation to her former chemistry professors. It wasn t until months later that the potential importance of the discovery was fully understood.: It wasn t until that It is[was] that The curious boys decided to have a lab rat eat it to see if it was edible.: have a lab rat eat challenge [] chemicals explode school board exclusive potential come up with edible substance 28~30 (A) 8 Melissa Heckler 206

207 Heckler Heckler (D) Heckler Heckler (B) Heckler TV (C) Heckler Heckler 28 (A) Heckler (D) (B) (C) 29 (a)(b)(d)(e) Melissa Heckler (c) one girl[the girl] 30 Heckler also asks the kids to collect stories from family members and friends. The school suggested that Heckler not tell any family stories, assuming that the last thing such kids wanted to hear or talk about was family life.: suggest that should should It doesn t matter whether you ve had a rough life or a privileged one.: It whether What matters is that you re telling them your story.: what What matters at risk folk tale responsive [] moderator revelation dignity privileged 31~33 (A) 5 29 (C) (B) (D) 207

208 Answers &Explanations 31 (A) (C) (B) (D) 32 (a)(b)(d)(e) (c) He 33 Driving back from the village, I stopped the car because a small woodchuck was traveling along the road, its belly almost flat to the gravel.driving ~ village I its belly ~ gravel its belly being If I hadn t come along he would have eventually died of starvation. hadn t come would have eventually died gravel burrow starvation spell chase cat litter mixture nibble orchard 34~36 A) Maureen Ferris (C) Maureen (D) (B) 34 (A) MaureenMaureen Maureen (C) (C) (D) (B) 35 (a)(b)(d)(e) (c) Maureen s mother 36 (D) My only guiltless reading occurred at night, when the dishes were rattling in the dishwasher and the kids were in bed. And then one day, I finally understood what she had tried to show us, that reading was housework of the 208

209 very best kind.: what understood what ~ us that ~ kind The way I treasured my books revealed the extent of how much I was already like my mother.: I treasured my books The way how much ~ mother of stern meticulous messy stain laundry pile up in the midst of chore unironned patch flush vow follow in one s footsteps treasure extent covertly struggle with mightily in brazen daylight guiltless 37~39 (A) Gre y St one Grey (C) Grey (D) Grey (B) 37 Grey Stone (A) (C) (C) (D) (B) 38 (a)(c)(d)(e) Grey Stone (b) 39 (C) It was so fascinating to see how ordinary clay could turn into a beautiful pot. Grey Stone The first memory I have of visiting a working artist s studio is a trip my family took to the studio of Grey Stone, a potter who made the dinnerware set our whole family has cherished for many years.: The first memory that which (I have ~ studio) a trip (my family ~ years) a potter ~ many years Grey Stone Even at that young age, looking around Grey s house and studio complex, I thought about how great it was that he could work at home, with his family around him, and produce things with his own hands.: it that studio potter dinnerware cherish miscellaneous pastime stoneware flip inscription complex clay treadle inspection inscribe trim foot 209

210 Answers &Explanations 40~42 (A) 1 2 Record (D) Los Angeles (B) 35 (C) 40 (A) (D) (B) (C) 41 (a), (b), (c), (e) (d) 42 (D) I went to college as a fine art major I reasoned that since I was going to be a journalist, I d need a very special notebook in which to write.: that ~ write reasoned since ~ a journalist since I m grateful to that high school girl that I was for having the sense to buy a little blank book.: that high school girl that that high school girl theme variety store stationery engrave reason defy insight promptly underprivileged 43~45 (A) (C) Billups Academy Billups (D) Billups (B) Billups 210

211 Billups 43 (A) Billups Academy (C). (D) Billups, Billups (B). 44 (a), (c), (d), (e) Billups Academy, (b). 45 It had a summer program and offered scholarships for high school students to deepen and extend their intellectual, aesthetic, and moral interests. : to deepen (to) extend and I had been blind to a lesson that was staring at me in the face.: had ranchland constantly stew outrageously below the surface come across catalog aesthetic solitude avenue pillar wood-paneled come to a halt 46~48 Tara Emerson Tara Tara 100 Tara Tara Tara Tara Emerson 46 Tara 47 (a)(c)(d)(e) Tara (b) 48 (C) I put them on, and the world turned into fuzzy, unfocused shapes. I took a few steps and banged my knee on the coffee table. At home, Tara insisted that I try on her glasses.: insisted that (should ) try 211

212 Answers &Explanations should It was at that very moment that I truly understood Tara for the first time.: It iswas ~ that... at that very moment run into pretend ace A struggle sycamore nod sob billboard fuzzy bang compulsively 49~51 (A) Wagner (B) 1~2 (D) (C) (A), (B) (D) this problem (B) (D) (B), (C). 50 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e). 51 (C) Having reminded her students many times that composers like Wagner depended on the listeners remembering the earlier theme to recognize its later use, she was determined to make her students understand that themes recur throughout a piece.: Having reminded futile theme prominent at wit s end recur variation identify simultaneously blend sufficiently commonality notice gather rhythmically inspiration 52~54 (A) (C) 212

213 (B) (D) 52 (A) (C) (B) (D) 53 She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction. 54 Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.: as It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do.: It takes ~ to overflow absentminded accumulate befriend impermanent abundance waste to the full caution firmly 55~57 sufficient soothe recipe (A) (D) 11 (B) (C) 55 (A) (D)(D) (B) (D) (C) 56 (a)(b)(c)(e) (d) 213

214 Answers &Explanations 57 On hearing this news, he simply lowered his newspaper ~.:On -ing As soon as he heard this news It wasn t until I was coming to the end of the eleventh grade and facing the prospect of leaving school without any sense of what I wanted to do as a career that I decided to apply to the local college to pursue further study.: It wasn t until ~ that... It iswas ~ that... to apply ~ college decided to pursue ~ study to toughness conviction be guaranteed to to one s advantage remainder end up -ing reverse psychology the odds are stacked against prospect monumental 214

215 memo

216 memo