238 대한쉐담도연구회지제 l 권제 2 호 1996 sensitivity and specificity of a ratio of >3.0 were same to those of a ratio of >2.0. The serum levels of aspartate amino

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "238 대한쉐담도연구회지제 l 권제 2 호 1996 sensitivity and specificity of a ratio of >3.0 were same to those of a ratio of >2.0. The serum levels of aspartate amino"

Transcription

1 대한춰 l 담도연구회지 1996; 급성춰 l 장염에서혈청 Lipasej Amylase 비의진단적가치 알콜성쉐장염과담석쉐장염의감별진단을중심으로 - 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실, 소화기병연구소 송 건 훈 정 재 복 한 기 준 송 시 영 강 진 경 박 인 서 = Abstract = The Clinical Utility of Serum Lipase/Amylase Ratio in Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis - Emphasis on differential diagnosis of alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis - Kun Hoon Song, M.D., Jae Bock Chung, M.D., Key Joon Han, M.D Si Young Song, M.D., Jin Kyung Kang, M.D. and In Suh Park, M D. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology Yonsei Universiη College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background/Aims: The serum Iipase/amylase ratio has been proposed to distinguish acute episodes of alcoholic from nonalcoholic pancreatitis. We assessed the clinical utility of this ratio in differential diagnosis of eti이 ogies of acute pancreatitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all records with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis at the Yonsei University Severance Hospital between January 1990 and June A total of 138 charts were reviewed. For a patient to be included in the subsequent analysis, the following criteria were met: 1) the patient had typical symptoms of pancreatitis, and serum levels of amylase or lipase were elevated, 2) serum lipase and amylase were analyzed within 48 hours of the onset of symptom, 3) serurri creatinine was less than 2.5 mg/dl on admission. Twenty one patients satisfied the requirement for inclusion in the study. Data collected from the charts included age, sex, serum amylase and Iipase (from this the lipase/amylase ratio was calculated), duration of abdominal pain before admission, length f hospital stay, various laboratory parameters, severity according to the Atlanta classification and positive scores according to Ranson s criteria. The Iipase/amylase ratio was calculated on serum amylase and lipase (expressed as m비 tiples of the upper limit of normal), each of which was obtained at least within 48 hours of the onset of symptom. Eleven patients had acute alcoholic pancreatitis and the remaining 10 patients had acute biliary pancreatitis. Results: All patients with alcoholic pancreatiti~ were male, while there were 4 male and 6 female patients in biliary pancreatitis group. There was no difference in the serum amylase, Iipase and Iipase/amylase ratio (p=0.4813) between the two groups. The sensitivity of a Iipase/amylase ratio of >2.0 in detecting acute alcoholic pancreatitis was 8 1.8%, the specificity was 0%. 까le 연락처정재복, 서울시서대문구신촌동 134 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실 237

2 238 대한쉐담도연구회지제 l 권제 2 호 1996 sensitivity and specificity of a ratio of >3.0 were same to those of a ratio of >2.0. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significant1y higher(p=0.0004, ) and hospital stay was much longer(p=0.0198) in patients with biliary pancreatitis than in those with alcoholic pancreatitis. But there was no significant difference in duration of symptoms, Ranson scores, severity and other c1 inical parameters between the two groups. Conc1usion: The lipase/amylase ratio is not useful in distinguishing acute episodes of a\coholic from acute biliary pancreatitis. Key Words: Lipase, Amylase, Serum Lipase/Amylase ratio, Acute pancreatitis 서 론 춰 l 장엽의감별진단에유용한지를평가해보고 자하였다. 급성춰l 장엽은대부분과다한음주나담석에의해유발되므로1. 2 내원초자세한병력의청취및각종영상진단을이용하여그원인을일부 1. 대상 대상및방법 규명할수있다. 특히담석혜장염의경우는복 부초음파검사나전산화단층촬영, 내시경적 역행성담춰 l 관조영술 (ERCP) 을시행하여담석을 발견하면확진할수있으나, 초음파검사의 우는총담관결석진단에있어민감도가낮고 ERCP 는쉐장염을악화시킬수있는위험성이 있어급성기에모든환자에게일률적으로시행 할수없는한계가있다. 경 전통적으로사용되던 혈청 amylase, lipase 와더불어근래 methemalbumin 4, 보체계단백질, C-reactive protein 5, phospholipase A2 6 키 trypsinogen activation peptide 8, leukocyte elastase 9, tumor necrosis factor 10 등이임 상에이용되면서쉐장염의진단및중등도예측 에있어각각의효용성에대한평가가이루어지 고있다. 한편 Gumaste 등 11 이급성춰 l 장염의초 기에측정한혈청 lipase 와 amylase 를이용하여 각효소치를정상상한치로나눈뒤산출한 lipase/amylase 비 ( 이하니 A 비 ) 가알콜섭취에의한 급성춰l 장염의진단에유용하다고보고한이후 여러저자들의보고는그결과가상이하다 1-14 이에저자등은급성쉐장염환자들을대상으로 혈청 lipase/amylase 비를후향적으로산출하여이 칸 l 월부터 1995 년 6월까지연세의대부속세브란스병원에내원하여임상증상및혈청 amylase의증가를통해급성쉐장염으로진단받은 138예중내원당시혈청 creatinine치가 2.5 mg/dl 이하이면서증상발현 48시간이내에혈청 amylase와 lipase가동시에측정된총 21 예를대상으로하였다 2. 방법대상환자의입원기록을분석하여성별, 연령, 혈액학적검사소견, 혈청생화학검사소견, 증상발현에서내원까지의시간, 입원기간, 각종영상검사소견등을조사하였다혈청 lipase/amylase ( 니A) 비는각환자의혈청 1ipase, amylase치를각효소의정상상한치로나눈수 ( 배수 ) 를분자, 분모로하여산출하였다. 임상적중등도의판정은 Ranson s criteria, 및 At1anta 분류 를사용하였다대상환자를두군으로분류하였는데, 알콜군 (1 1 예 ) 은복부초음파검사나전산화단층촬영상담석의증거가없으면서규칙적으로일정량 ( 주당소주 2홉 2 병 ) 이상의음주를하는환자로하였으며, 담석군 (1 0예 ) 은음주력이없는환자로 비가춰 l 장염의원인중알콜성쉐장염과담석 서 상기방사선검사상담석 ( 담낭석또는담관

3 송건훈외 5 인 : 급성쉐장염에서혈청 Li pase/amylase 비 239 Table 1. Clinical Characteristics Parameters Alcoholic(N = ll) 8iliary(N = 10) p-value Sex (M/F) II / 0 4/ Age(years) 43.9 :t :t NS Symptom duration(hours) 15.7 :t :t 9.52 NS Hospital stay(day) 14.4 :t :t Albumin (g/dl) 4.2 :t :t0.73 NS ALP (IU/L) 75.8 :t :t AST (lu/l) 22.3:t :t BUN (mg/dl) 15.9 :t :t 7.14 NS Calcium (mg/dl) 8.6 :t :t0.55 NS Hematocrit (%) 47.0 :t :t W8C count (per mm 3 ) :t :t NS LOH (U/L) :t :t NS Fasting glucose (mg/dl) :t :t NS Tota1 bilirubin (mg/dl) 1.5 :t :t 1.65 NS Total cholesterol (mg/dl) :t :t NS Uric acid (mg/dl) 4.3 :t :t4.56 NS Oata are shown as mean :t S.O. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; 8UN, blood urea nitrogen; LOH, lactate dehydrogenase Table 2. Severity of Acute Pancreatitis No. of positives scores according to Ranson s criteria Alcoholic(%) 8iliary(%) 0-2 는 3 Severity according to Atlanta c1assification Mild Severe 9(8 1.8) 2(18.2) 7(63.6) 4(36.4) 7(70.0) 3(30.0) 5(50.0) 5(50.0) There is no difference of statistical significance in Ranson s score and severity between the two groups 결석 ) 소견이명확한환자로정의하였다. 양군간 의 임상적특성, 쉐장염의중등도, 혈청 amylase 치, lipase 치, 니 A 비를비교하였고, 특정 L/A 비 값에서알콜성춰 l 장염진단의민감도와특이도 를산출하였다 통계적검정은 Fisher 의정확확률검정, Wilcoxon 의순위합검정을사용했으며, p값이 0.05 미만일때통계적인유의성이있는것으로판정하였다모든통계적처리는 Windows - SPSS release 6. 1 을사용하여수행하였다. 결과 1. 입상적특성양군의성별은알콜군이전례가남성인반면담석군은남녀비 1 : 1.5로서알콜군에서통계적으로유의하게남성의비율이높았다 (p= ). 담석군에서 alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase치가알콜군에비해유의하게높았으며 (p=0.0004, ), 입원기간도얄콜군에비해걸었다 (p=0. OI98). 알콜군에서는 hematocrit이담석군에비해의미있게높은수치를나타냈다 (p=0.0043). 그러나연령, 증상발현에서내원까지의기간및기타검사실소견은양군간에통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (Table 1). Ranson score

4 240 대한춰 l 담도연구회지제 I 권제 2 호 움 10 응 Alcoholic Biliary (median: 5.53) (median: 5.34) Fig. 1. L/ A ratio according to Patient Groups Table 3. Lipase/Amylase Ratio Alcoholic Biliary p-value Amylase mean ::t: S.D ::t: ::t: NS range median Lipase mean ::t: S.D range median Lipase/Amylase ratio mean ::t: S.D ::t: 4.16 range median ::t: ::t: NS ::t: 및춰 l 장염의중등도도양군간에의미있는차이 가관찰되지않았다 (Table 2). 2. Li pasefamylase 비 NS 혈청 amylase 치는양군이비슷한수치를보 였으며정중값은알콜군 408, 담석군 IUfL 였고, Iipase 치는담석군에서더높았으나통계적 인 유의성은없었다혈청 L/A 비도담석군에서 높은경향을보였으나양군간의차이는통계적으로유의하지않았다 (Table 3, Fig. 1). 혈청니A 비 2.0을기준으로했을때알콜성쉐장염의진단에있어 υa비의민감도, 특이도는각각 8 1.8%, 0% 였으며, 3.0을기준으로했을때민감도 8 1.8%, 특이도 0% 로 2.0을기준으로했을때와동일하였다. 찰고급성춰l 장엽에서영상진단검사를시행치않고 asp따tate 없ninotr없1Sferase(AS T), alanine aminotransferase (AL T), 총 bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase(alp) 등흔히측정되는효소를이용하여담석춰l장염과알콜성쉐장염을감별하려는시도가계속되어왔으나그성적은일정치않았다 1 1 알콜성춰l 장염에서혈청 amylase치가다른원인에의한춰l 장염에서보다상대적으로낮음을이용하여 Gumaste 등 11은상승한혈청 lipase와 amylase를각효소의정상상한치로나눈수 ( 배수 ) 를분자, 분모로이용한니A비를소개하였다이들의보고에의하면 L/A비값 2.0을기준으로했을때, 얄콜성춰l장염진단의민감도와특이도은각각 91%, 78% 였다. 이들은혈청 amylase 치가증상발현후 2 일을전후로급격히감소함을고려하여증상발현후 48시간이내에혈액을얻어 L/A비를계산해야함을강조하였다 Gumaste 등 11 의결과는 Tenner 등 12에의하여추인되었는데, 후향적분석이었으나알콜군이비알콜군에비해통계적으로유의하게낮은혈청 amylase~l 와높은 L/A비를나타냈고, L/A비값 3.0을기준으로했을때알콜성급성춰l장염의진단에있어민감도, 특이도는각각 59%, 78% 였다. 알콜성춰l 장염에서혈청 amy lase치가낮은이유는명확치않으나만성음주자의춰l 장실질이알콜에의한만성적인손상상태에있는것이원인이아닐까추측하고있다. 즉알콜에의한만성 손상으로쉐실질에섬유화, 선 (gland) 조직의손

5 송건훈외 5 인 - 급성춰 l 장염에서혈청 Li pase/amylase 비 241 실등이발생하여급성쉐장염시혈청 amylase 치의상송도둔화되지않나추측한다 12, 1 3 그러나 Tenner 등 1 2의보고이후로혈청니A비의효용성 을추인하는보고는없는실정이다, Pezzilli 등 1 3 은알콜성쉐장염환자군에서혈청 amylase, lipase 치가담석군에비해유의하게낮다는사실 을확인했을뿐, 니 A 비는알콜군, 담석군, 비알 콜비담석군세군간에의미있는차이를관찰할 수없었다 King 등 14 에의하면알콜군, 비얄콜군 간에니 A 비의유의한차이는없었고 1 lipase 치의 혈청 amylase, 정중값은비알콜군이알콜군에비해 유의하게높았는데, 비알콜군환자의 60% 가담 석증환자였다. 본연구는환자군을알콜군, 담석군의두군 으로제한함으로써과거연구에서제기된비알 콜군환자구성의차이에따른혼란요인을방지 하고자하였으며, Ranson s criteria 및 Atlanta 분 류에따른임상적중등도가양군간에통계적으 로차이가없다는사실을확인한상태에서혈청 니 A 비를산출하였다, 또한양군의환자에서증 상말현에서내원까지기간의정중값은각각 12 시간, 9 시간이었고, 혈청 amylase, lip ase 의측정 이증상발현후 48 시간이내에행해진환자들 만을분석대상에포함시킴으로써시간변화에 따른혈청 amylase 치의변동이 L/A 비산출에미 치는영향을최소화시키고자하였다 본연구 에서양군간혈청 amylase, lipa se 치의분포양 상은외국연구자들의결과 와상이하였다. 즉혈청 amylase 치는양군간에유사했던반면 lipase 치는당석군이훨씬높았는데, 그원인은 확실치않으나이러한양상때문에니 A 비도담 석군에서높은경향을나타냈다. 이결과를설 명하기위해서는몇가지가설이가능한데가장 타당성이있는것은국내담석쉐장엽환자들의 초기혈청 amylase 치 상승이외국환자들에비 해상대적으로적다는사실이다. 이는외국비 알콜쉐장염환자들의발병초기혈청 amylase 정중값이 IU/L 의 범위를보이는데 반해 본연구에서담석쉐장염군환자들의 amylase 정중값은 IU/L 에불과했던점으로 미루어추측할수있다. 이렇게외국과는다른 초기쉐장효소의상승양상은인종에따라손상 에대한쉐장의반응이상이하기때문에나타나 는현상일가능성이있으며, 국내급성쉐장염 환자의사망율이 3. 5% 로서외국환자의사망율 에비해현저히냥은사실 16 과도밀접한관계가 있을가능성이있다 본연구에서 υa 비가양군간에유의한차이 가없었을뿐아니라외국연구자들이 보고한 L/A 비 2.0, 3.0 을기준으로알콜성춰 l 장염의진 단에있어민감도, 특이도를산출했을때, 민감 도는높으나특이도가 0% 에불과하여웨장염의 원인규명에는큰도움을주지못하는것으로 생각되었다. 목적. 요 약 혈청 lipase/amylase( 니 A) 비가급성춰 l 장 염의원인중알콜성쉐장염과담석춰 l 장염의 감별에유용한가를평가하고자하였다. 대상및 방법. 급성쉐장염으로진단된환자들중증상 발현 48 시간이내에혈청 lipase, amylase 가동시 에측정된환자 21 예를대상으로업원기록을통 해임상적특성을파악하였고, 혈청 L/A 비를후 향적으로산출하였다. 결과 : 총 21 예중알콜군 (1 1 예 ) 은전예가남성인반면, 담석군 (1 0 예 ) 은 남녀비가 1: 1. 5 로서양군간의성비의차이는통계 적으로유의하였다 (p=0.oo39). 균은알콜군 ::!:: 미 U 범위 : 석군 ::!:: IU/L( 범위 혈청 amylase 치의평 ), 담 ) 였으며, 혈 청 lipa se 치의평균은알콜군 ::!:: IU/L( 범위 ), 담석군 ::!:: IU/L( 범위 ) 로 lipase 치는담석군에서 높았으나, 두효소모두양군간에의미있는차 이는없었다. 혈청니 A 비의평균은알콜군 6.03 ::!:: 4. 16( 범위 ), 담석군 6.63 ::!:: 3. 16( 범위 :

6 242 대한쉐담도연구회지. 제 l 권제 2 호 ), 정중값은알콜군 5.53, 담석군 로 담석군에서니 A 비가더 높았으나양군간에통 계적으로유의한차이는없었다 (p; ). 니 A 비 2.0 을기준으로하였을때, 의 혈청 알콜성춰 l 장염 진단에있어니 A 비의민감도는 %, 특이 도 0 % 였으며, 3. 0 을기준으로하였을때에도동 일한민감도와특이도를나타내었다. 연령, 총 bilirubin, 유산탈수소화효소 (LD), 증상발현에 서내원까지의시간, Ranson score, 백혈구수, 칼숨, 공복혈당, BUN, 요산, 총콜레스테롤, 알 부민등은양군간에유의한차이가없었으나, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotran s fe ra se 는 담석군에서알콜군에비해의미있게높은수치 를보였고 (p=0. OO04, 군에서더길었다 (p=0.0198). 급성쉐장염의원인중알콜성 p=0.0003), 입원기간도담석 결론혈청 L/A 비는 쉐장염과담석 쉐장염의감별진단에유용성이없었다. 향후 전향적인연구가필요하다고생각된다. 색인단어 : 혈청리파제 / 혈청아밀라제비, 급성춰 l 장염 참고문헌 1. Ranson JHC, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, Fink SD, Eng K, Spencer FC: Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obst 1974; Corfield AP, Cooper MJ, Williamson RCN, et al Prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis: prospective comparison of three prognostic indices. Lancet 1985; 2: Einstein DM, Lapin SA, Ralls DW, Halls JM The insensiti vity of sonography in the detection of choledocholithiasis. AJR 1984; 142: Lankisch PG, Schirren CA, 0110 J: Methemalbumin in acute pancreatitis: an evaluation of its prognostic value and compa더 son with multiple prognostic parameters. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84 : Wilson C, Heads A, Shenk.in A, Imrie CW: C-reactive pr 이 e in, antiproteases and complement factors as objective markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1989; 76: Mäkelä A, Sternby B, Kuusi T, Puolakkainen P, Schröder T: Phospholipase A2 activity and concen tration in several body fluids in patients with acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990; 25: Kazmierczak SC, Van Lente F,. Hodges ED : Diagnostic and prognostic utility of phospholipase A activity in patients with acute pancreatitis: comparison with amylase and lipase. Clin Chem 1991; 37: Gudgeon AM, Heath DI, Hur1ey P, et al: Trypsinogen acti vation peptides assay in the earl y prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. Lancet 1990; 335(8680) Domínguez-Muñoz JE, Carballo F, García MJ, et al Clinical usefulness of p이 y m o rph o nucl ear elastase in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis: results of mu 1ticenter study. Br J Surg 1991 ; 78: Exley AR, Leese T, Holliday MP, Swann RA, Cohen J: Endotoxemi a and serum tumor necrosis factor as prognostic markers in severe ac ute pancreatitis. Gut 1992: 33: Gumaste VV, Dave PB, Weissman D, Messer J Lipase/Amylase Ratio: a new index that distinguishes ac ute episodes of a1coholic from nona1coholic acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 199 1; io Tenner SM, Steinberg W: The admission serum lipase:amylase ratio differenti ates a1coholic from nona1coholic acute pancreatitis. Am J G as troe nt er 이 1992; 87: Pezzilli R, Billi P, Mi glioli M, Gullo L: Serum amylase and lipase concentrations and lipase/amylase ratio in assessment of eti ology and severity of acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: King LG, Seelig CB, Ranney JE: The lipase to amylase ratio in acute pancreat s. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90: Bradley III EL: A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, Ga, September 11 through 13, Arch Surg 1993; 128: Chung JB: Acute pancreatitis in Korea. Abstract book of the 3rd Congress of Asian Society of Hepato Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 1995; 4 1.

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770> 대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

<31372DB1E8C0B1C8F12E687770>

<31372DB1E8C0B1C8F12E687770> 임상검사와정도관리 : 제 28 권제 1 호 2006 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2006:28:213-217 213 외부정도관리물질을이용한내부정도관리시행의유용성 김윤희 보령아산병원진단검사의학과 The Usefulness of Internal Quality Control Procedure Using External Quality Control Materials

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

Jkss hwp

Jkss hwp 급성복증을보이는감염성요막관기형 Infected Urachal Remnants with Symtoms of the Acute Abdomen: The Differential Diagnosis & Proper Management Jan Dy Lee, M.D., Chee Young Lim, M.D. 1, Hyoung Il Kim, M.D. 1, Chul Woon Chung,

More information

내시경 conference

내시경 conference 부울경소화기내시경학회 6월집담회 고신대학교복음병원소화기내과전임의서광일 F/63 CASE C.C) epigastric pain for 2 wks P. I) 2014.04.16 EGD at LMC adm via OPD for further evaluation. P. Hx) CASE HTN/DM/Hepatitis/Tbc (+/+/-/-) S. Hx) N-S ROS)

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

440 /

440 / / 439 = Abstract = Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Isolated Vertigo Patients Having Risk Factors for Stroke Hyung Goo Kang, M.D., Yu Sang Yun, M.D., Jin Hee Yi, M.D., In Cheol Park, M.D., Kyeong Ryong Lee,

More information

ABSTRACT Development of statistical method to modeling tooth healthspan curves in Korean Jung Hoi In Department of Dentistry The Graduate School, Yonsei University Development of statistical method to

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

한약치료와표적항암요법 ( 아피니토 ) 을병행하여부분관해된신세포암간전이환자 1 례 Abstract Sung-Hwan Chang 1, Ji-Hye Park 1,2, Hwa Seung Yoo,2*

한약치료와표적항암요법 ( 아피니토 ) 을병행하여부분관해된신세포암간전이환자 1 례 Abstract Sung-Hwan Chang 1, Ji-Hye Park 1,2, Hwa Seung Yoo,2* https://doi.org/10.15432/jkto.2017.22.2.013 한약치료와표적항암요법 ( 아피니토 ) 을병행하여부분관해된신세포암간전이환자 1 례 Abstract Sung-Hwan Chang 1, Ji-Hye Park 1,2, Hwa Seung Yoo,2* 1 JangDeuk Integrative Medical Center, Korean Medicine

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

( ) Kjge88.hwp

( ) Kjge88.hwp 대한소화기내시경학회지 2007;35:385-390 급성담석성췌장염의중증도에영향을주는위험인자분석 원광대학교의과대학내과학교실, * 가정의학교실 오효정ㆍ김태현ㆍ최창수ㆍ권지혜ㆍ임평숙ㆍ신새론 * ㆍ최석채ㆍ나용호 Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of Biliary Pancreatitis Hyo Jeong

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy 2013. 2. 2 대한간암연구학회 7차 심포지움 및 학술대회 Indication and Clinical Outcomes of Metachronous HCC Metastasectomy Shin Hwang Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR 6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7

More information

(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp

(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Liver Jae Hoon Lee, M.D., Dong Ho Choi, M.D. 1, Kyeong Geun Lee, M.D., Hwon Kyum Park M.D. and Kwang Soo Lee, M.D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine,

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

대한혜담도연구회지 2000; 5: 1-6 만성춰1 장염환자의대변내춰l 장 Elastase-l 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실소화기뱅연구소 1 이진헌 정재복 박윤흐 1 서정훈 박승우이세준 정준표 송시영 강진경 = Abstract = Fecal Pancreatic Elastas

대한혜담도연구회지 2000; 5: 1-6 만성춰1 장염환자의대변내춰l 장 Elastase-l 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실소화기뱅연구소 1 이진헌 정재복 박윤흐 1 서정훈 박승우이세준 정준표 송시영 강진경 = Abstract = Fecal Pancreatic Elastas 대한혜담도연구회지 2000; 5: 1-6 만성춰1 장염환자의대변내춰l 장 Elastase-l 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실소화기뱅연구소 1 이진헌 정재복 박윤흐 1 서정훈 박승우이세준 정준표 송시영 강진경 = Abstract = Fecal Pancreatic Elastase-l in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis Jin Heon

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â 20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

<303720C7CFC1A4BCF86F6B2E687770>

<303720C7CFC1A4BCF86F6B2E687770> 1) < 論 文 > 라이프스타일 세분화를 통한 실버타운 수요자 분석 133 주택연구 제15권 4호 2007. 12/15(4) : 133~160 Housing Studies Review Vol. 15, No. 4 : 133~160 접수일 : 2007. 7. 9, 심사일 : 2007. 7. 16, 심사완료일 : 2007. 8. 29 라이프스타일 세분화를 통한 실버타운

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

- 2 -

- 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - - 25 - - 26 - - 27 - - 28 - - 29 - - 30 -

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

편집순서 3 : 목차 - 2 -

편집순서 3 : 목차 - 2 - 편집순서 2 : 제출문 과제번호과제명주관연구기관주관연구책임자 국문 영문 건국대학교력단 권소영 학술연구용역사업최종결과보고서 2009-E009472-00 급성바이러스간염임상감시운영및질병발생비율산출 Clinical and epidemiological investigation of acute viral hepatitis in Korea 기관명소재지대표 충주산학협 성명소속및부서전공

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

서강대학원123호

서강대학원123호 123 2012년 12월 6일 발행인 이종욱 총장 편집인 겸 주간 임종섭 편집장 김아영 (우편번호 121-742) 주소 서울시 마포구 신수동1번지 엠마오관 B133호 대학원신문사 전화 705-8269 팩스 713-1919 제작 일탈기획(070-4404-8447) 웃자고 사는 세상, 정색은 언행 총량의 2%면 족하다는 신념으로 살았습니다. 그 신념 덕분인지 다행히

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

Output file

Output file connect educational content with entertainment content and that production of various contents inducing educational motivation is important. Key words: edutainment, virtual world, fostering simulation

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

11¹ÚÇý·É

11¹ÚÇý·É Journal of Fashion Business Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.125~135(2002) The Present State of E-Business according to the Establishment Year and the Sales Approach of Dongdaemun Clothing Market Park, Hea-Ryung* and

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

2003report220-16.hwp

2003report220-16.hwp 2003 연구보고서 220-16 실업계 고등학교 여학생의 직업세계 이행증진을 위한 지원방안 연구 한국여성개발원 발 간 사 연구요약 . 서론 실업계 고등학교 여학생의 직업세계 이행증진을 위한 지원방안 연구 . 서론 실업계 고등학교 여학생의 직업세계 이행증진을 위한 지원방안 연구 . 서론 실업계 고등학교 여학생의 직업세계

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

9(3)-4(p ).fm

9(3)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young

More information

( )Jksc057.hwp

( )Jksc057.hwp 직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

#Ȳ¿ë¼®

#Ȳ¿ë¼® http://www.kbc.go.kr/ A B yk u δ = 2u k 1 = yk u = 0. 659 2nu k = 1 k k 1 n yk k Abstract Web Repertoire and Concentration Rate : Analysing Web Traffic Data Yong - Suk Hwang (Research

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

<30315FB1E8C5C2C7F62E687770>

<30315FB1E8C5C2C7F62E687770> REVIEW ARTICLE pissn 1976-3573 eissn 2284-0941 THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PANCREAS AND BILIARY TRACT 급성췌장염진료권고안 : 개발목적과과정 김태현, 김진홍, 서동완, 이태훈, 이상협, 고동희 1 원광대학교의과대학내과, 2 아주대학교의과대학내과, 3 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원내과, 4 순천향대학교의과대학천안병원내과,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.

More information