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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 80 권제 2 호 2011 숙변대장염의임상적결과 울산대학교의과대학강릉아산병원 1 내과, 2 영상의학과, 3 병리학과 정형주 1 한군희 1 조민형 1 이정화 1 정우진 1 김영돈 1 이상진 1 강종원 1 안재홍 2 강길현 3 천갑진 1 Clinical Outcomes of Stercoral Colitis Hyoung Chu Joung 1, Koon Hee Han 1, Min Hyoung Cho 1, Joung Hwa Lee 1, Woo Jin Jeong 1, Young Don Kim 1, Sang Jin Lee 1, Jong Won Kang 1, Jae Hong Ahn 2, Gil Hyun Kang 3, and Gab Jin Cheon 1 Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, 2 Radiology and 3 Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea Background/Aims: Stercoral colitis is an inflammatory condition related to increased intraluminal pressure, itself caused by impacted fecal material. Stercoral colitis is a rare condition and has a generally poor prognosis. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of stercoral colitis according to management strategy. Methods: From January 2004 to August 2009, 11 patients were diagnosed with stercoral colitis at our center. The medical records of these individuals were reviewed retrospectively with regard to the clinical characteristics, management strategy, and clinical outcomes. We defined severe stercoral colitis as stercoral colitis complicated by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, or septic shock. Results: Eleven patients (three men and eight women) with a mean age of 70±8 years were included. Ten patients were elderly with constipation as a predisposing factor. Nine patients had severe stercoral colitis according to out criteria. Of these, five patients underwent surgery, and the other four were treated with a conservative management strategy. One patient (20%) in the surgical group and all patients in the conservative management group (n=4) died. Conclusions: Stercoral colitis should be considered in elderly patients with predisposing factors and presents as fecal impaction with colonic wall thickening or pericolic fat stranding on CT scan. In patients with severe stercoral colitis, early surgery may be effective in reducing mortality. (Korean J Med 2011;80: ) Key Words: Constipation; Fecal impaction; Colitis; Intestinal perforation Received: Revised: Accepted: Correspondence to Koon Hee Han, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, 415 Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung , Korea Tel: , Fax: , gi@gnah.co.kr

2 - The Korean Journal of Medicine: Vol. 80, No. 2, 서 론 대상및방법 숙변대장염 (stercoral colitis) 은대장에분변이꽉채워져장관내압력이증가되고이로인해장벽의허혈및압력괴사를초래하여발생하는대장염이다 [1-3]. 이는매우드문질환으로 1894년에처음보고되었다 [4]. 만성변비는분변박힘 (fecal impaction) 을유발하고적절한치료가되지않는다면드물게숙변대장염, 숙변궤양혹은숙변천공을유발할수있으며, 숙변천공의경우사망률이 22~23% 로보고될정도로예후가좋지않다 [5,6]. 숙변대장염은환자에게치명적일수있지만이에대한발생률이나진단기준, 치료방법에따른예후는잘알려져있지않다. 저자들은본원에서숙변대장염으로진단된환자들의임상적인특성을분석하고치료방침에따른예후를알아보고자한다. 2004년 1월부터 2009년 8월까지강릉아산병원에서임상적으로숙변대장염이의심되고전산화단층촬영술 (computed tomography, CT) 에서분변박힘소견을보이는환자들중 Heffernan 등 [5] 이보고한 CT소견상대장벽의국소적인비후가관찰되거나장주위지방침윤소견이보이는경우를숙변대장염으로진단하였다. 그외에 CT 상에서숙변천공을암시하는장관외가스가보이는경우와분변박힘소견과함께대장내시경검사에서숙변궤양이관찰되는경우도진단기준에포함하였다. 총 11예가포함되었고, 전신성염증반응증후군 (systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS), 패혈증혹은패혈성쇼크가동반된경우를중한숙변대장염 (severe stercoral colitis) 로정의하였다. 이들의의무기록을후향적으로조사하여연령, 성별, 임상증상, 동반질환, 유발요인, 치료, 임상경과및사망률을조사분석하였다. Table 1. Base line characteristics and clinical outcomes of the patients Case Age (yrs)/ Sex Constipation Predisposing factor of constipation 1 70/M + Peritoneal carcinomatosis 2 71/F + Bed-ridden, NSAID, CVA Underlying disease Complication Perforation Operative procedure Mortality Bladder cancer Sepsis or SIRS, ARF + Primary repair with colostomy HTN Septic shock + HP /F + Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism None /F - Bed-ridden Bronchial Sepsis or SIRS - Subtotal colectomy - asthma, HTN 5 69/F + Bed-ridden, CVA HTN, CVA ARF, Septic shock /F + NSAID, BB, CCB, DM, CVA DM, HTN, OA, CVA 7 68/M + Dehydration None ARF, Septic shock, MODS, DIC, UGIB ARF, Sepsis or SIRS /F + NSAID, Bed-ridden Osteoporosis None /M + CVA, DM, CCB, HTN, DM, CVA ARF, Septic shock NSAID, Antacid 10 78/F + NSAIDs, SSRI, Benzodiazepine Anxiety disorder ARF, Septic shock - Total colectomy /F - Bed-ridden COPD ARF, Septic shock + HP - SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; ARF, acute renal failure; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; HTN, hypertension; HP, hartmann's procedure; BB, beta blocker; CCB, calcium cannel blocker; DM, diabetes mellitus; OA, osteoarthritis; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; UGIB, upper gastrointestinal bleeding; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. +

3 - Hyoung Chu Joung, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Stercoral Colitis - 결과숙변대장염으로진단된 11명의환자들중남자가 3예, 여자가 8예였고, 나이는 51세에서 81세까지였으며평균연령은 70±8세였다. 9명의환자에서만성변비의과거력이있었다. 2명은폐렴으로인한기관지천식과만성폐쇄성폐질환의급성악화로입원하여인공호흡기치료를받으며거동이제한된환자였으며, 하제와관장으로치료하였으나 1주이상변비증상이지속되어숙변대장염이발생한경우였다. 변비의선행요인으로거동제한, 뇌졸중, 갑상선기능저하증, 당뇨병, 비스 테로이드성소염제와같은변비유발제제의복용력등이있었다. 1예는골다공증으로인한척추압박골절로거동제한이있었고, 비스테로이드성소염제를복용하고있었다. 다른 1예는불안장애로변비를유발할수있는약제를복용하고있었다. 거동제한이있었던환자 5예, 뇌졸중환자 4예, 당뇨병환자가 2예있었다 ( 표 1). 패혈성쇼크로인해의식상태가저하되어증상을알수없었던 2예를제외한 9예의환자에서복부동통을호소하였고, 7예에서고열이있었으며 1예에서체온저하가있었다. 이들은마지막배변일로부터 5일에서 10일후증상이발생 A B Figure 1. CT findings in case 2 showing severe dilatation and diffuse pneumatosis (black arrow) of the rectosigmoid colon with dense retained fecal material. Extraluminal air (long arrow) on the perirectal area is indicated (A). CT findings in case 3 showing wall thickening (short arrow) of the ascending colon and dense feces in the entire colon (B). A B Figure 2. Endoscopic findings in case 3 showing a well demarcated and ovoid stercoral ulcer on the ascending (A) and transverse (B) colon

4 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 80 권제 2 호통권제 606 호 A B Figure 3. A histological specimen from the colon showing transmural ischemic necrosis associated with acute inflammatory infiltrate in the wall (H&E, 100 and 40). 하였다. 2예는특별한합병증이동반되지않을정도의경한환자들이었고, 수술적인치료를하지않고하제와관장등의보조적인치료를시행하였으며, 2예중 1예에서는항생제치료를병행하였다. 9예는임상적으로패혈증혹은패혈성쇼크가동반되어중한상태로판단되었으며, 이들중 4예는항생제를포함한보존적인치료를시행하였고, 나머지 5예는항생제치료와함께수술적인치료를시행하였다. 보존적인치료를시행한 4예는모두사망하였으나수술적인치료를시행한 5예중 4예는호전되어퇴원하였고, 나머지 1예는입원한달만에기저질환인방광암의다발성전이로사망하였다. 임상적으로패혈증이나패혈성쇼크가동반된환자에서사망률은 55.6% 이지만보존적인치료만시행한군의사망률은 100% 로높았으나수술적치료를시행한군의사망률은 20% 로낮았다 ( 표 1). 숙변천공이동반된 3예는중한숙변대장염의소견을보였고, 모두수술적인치료를시행하였으며, 2예는호전되어퇴원할수있었으나 1예는 1달후기저질환인방광암의다발성전이로사망하였다. 본연구에포함된모든환자의 CT 검사에서분변박힘소견이관찰되었고, 1예를제외한 10예에서숙변대장염을의심할수있는대장주위지방침윤, 대장벽의비후혹은창자벽공기증등의소견이관찰되었다 ( 그림 1). 11예중에서 5예에서내시경적검사를시행하였으며이들중 4예는 CT소견상분변박힘을동반한숙변대장염의소견을보인위치에심한 Figure 4. Gross photograph of the colon showing diffuse dilation, loss of the mucosal fold, and diffuse necrosis. 부종과함께자발출혈, 점막의유약성및미만성궤양을보이는대장허혈소견이관찰되었다. 1예는오름잘룩창자와가로잘룩창자에 1.5~2 cm 정도크기의숙변궤양이관찰되었 다 ( 그림 2). 1예는구불창자보개검사 (sigmoidoscopy) 에서직장부터구불잘룩창자에걸쳐다수의숙변궤양소견과함께조직학적소견상숙변대장염을의심할수있는전층괴사소견을보였다 ( 그림 3). 중한숙변대장염으로수술적치료를시행한후얻은검체의육안소견은대장의광범위한확장과점막주름의소실이동반된괴사가관찰되었다 ( 그림 4)

5 - 정형주외 10 인. 숙변대장염의임상적결과 - 고찰만성변비는분변박힘을유발할수있으며이를적절하게치료하지않으면숙변대장염이발생할수있다 [5]. 숙변천공에대한논문은외과적영역에서일부보고되고있지만숙변대장염에대한예는매우적다. 이는숙변대장염이드문질환일뿐만아니라진단기준이모호하고의사들의인식부족으로인해간과되고있기때문으로생각된다. 숙변대장염의유병률에대한보고는없지만 1959년 Grivalsky 와 Bowerman [2] 은일년동안대장천공으로사망한 175예의부검소견상 10예 (5.7%) 에서숙변궤양을발견하였고, 그중 4예 (2.2%) 에서천공이동반된것으로보고하였다. 또한 Maurer 등 [7] 도대장천공중숙변천공이 3.2% 를차지하는것으로보고하고있어, 숙변대장염은일반적으로생각하는빈도이상으로발생함을보여주고있다. 숙변천공이숙변대장염의심한경우라생각하면숙변대장염의발생빈도는더욱높을것으로생각된다. 만성변비와분변박힘이심해지면숙변대장염이발생할수있다. 따라서만성변비의원인이숙변대장염을유발할수있으리라생각되며, 본연구에서숙변대장염의유발요인으로제시한당뇨병, 갑상샘기능저하증, 뇌졸중, 약물들 ( 비스테로이드성소염제, 제산제, 칼슘통로차단제 ) 등은만성변비의원인 [8,9] 과유사하다. 숙변대장염은생리학적으로탈수된대변의복합체형성 (conglomeration) 에의해발생한대변덩이 (fecaloma) 와관련이있다 [1]. 대변덩이는대장의내강을팽창시키고장벽에대한압력을증가시켜혈액의공급을감소시키게된다. 이러한상태에서하제, 관장혹은수기탈감입 (manual disimpaction) 등과같은적극적인치료가이루어지지않는다면장관허혈이발생하게되고더심해지면궤양이나천공이발생할수있다 [1-3]. 숙변궤양은보통원형이고크며경계가분명하고, 약 27% 의예에서는다발성으로발생할수있다 [1,10]. 숙변대장염은아직까지명확한진단기준이없기때문에간과되기쉽다. 그러나변비의유발요인을가진환자가복통을주소로내원하였을때, 복부 CT 검사를시행하여분변박힘과함께대장의내강이팽창되어대장벽이얇게관찰되고, 대장벽의국소적인비후가관찰되거나장주위지방침윤소견이있으면숙변대장염을의심할수있다 [5]. 이미숙변천공이발생한경우에는장관외가스혹은농양이보일수있다. 조직학적소견으로는전층괴사, 뚜렷한경계를갖는궤양, 고유판에단핵세포의침윤혹은막힌틈 (crypt) 농양등이있다 [5]. 본연구결과총 11예중경한숙변대장염 2예는하제및관장등의보존적인치료만으로호전되었다. 중한숙변대장염의경우 9예중수술적치료를하지않고항생제, 하제, 수액요법및관장등의보존적인치료만시행한경우는모두증상이악화되어사망하였다. 그러나적극적인수술적치료를한경우 5명중 1명만사망하였다. 본연구는대상환자군이제한적이고후향적으로진행되었기때문에중한숙변대장염으로진단된환자중보존적인치료만받은환자군에수술을시행하지못할정도로심한환자가포함되어사망률이더높게나왔을가능성이있다. 그러나중한숙변대장염의경우보존적인치료를한군의모든환자들이사망한점을고려할때, 보존적인치료만으로이런환자들을회복시키기는것은어려울것으로생각된다. 결론적으로변비와분변박힘은대장내강의압력을증가시키고장벽의허혈혹은숙변대장염을일으킬수있으며, 조기에적절한치료가이루어지지않는다면숙변천공이나숙변복막염등을일으켜사망을초래할수있다. 그러므로숙변대장염의위험요인을갖고있는환자는변비의예방을위한사전교육및치료가필요하며, 복통과함께 CT소견상분변박힘을동반하고있는환자는하제, 관장혹은수기탈감입등과같은적극적인치료가필요하다. 그리고 SIRS, 패혈증혹은패혈성쇼크와같은합병증이동반된중한숙변대장염으로진단된환자의경우신속하고적극적인수술적치료가사망률을낮출수있을것으로생각된다. 요약목적 : 숙변대장염은대장에분변이꽉채워져장관내압력이증가되고이와관련되어장벽의허혈및압력괴사를초래하여발생하는대장염이다. 숙변대장염은드문질환으로예후가불량하다. 저자들은숙변대장염의임상적특징과치료전략에따른결과를알아보고자한다. 방법 : 2004년 1월부터 2009년 8월까지본원에서 CT검사와대장내시경검사를통해숙변대장염으로진단된 11명의환자를대상으로하여후향적연구를하였다. 대상환자들의임상적특징을조사하고수술적치료와보존적인치료에따른

6 - The Korean Journal of Medicine: Vol. 80, No. 2, 임상적결과를조사하였다. SIRS, 패혈증혹은패혈성쇼크가동반된경우를중한숙변대장염이라정의하였다. 결과 : 총 11명의환자가포함되었으며이들중 3명이남자였고, 8명은여자였다. 평균연령은 70±8세였다. 10명의환자들은변비의유발요인들을갖고있는고령의환자였다. 저자들의정의에의해 9명의환자가심한숙변대장염으로진단되었고, 이들중 5명은수술적인치료를받았으며나머지 4명은보존적인치료를받았다. 수술적치료를받은 5명중 1명 (20%) 이사망하였고, 보존적인치료를받은환자 (n=4) 들은모두사망하였다. 결론 : 만성변비의유발요인을갖는고령의환자가복통을호소하고 CT상에서분변박힘소견과함께대장벽의국소적인비후가관찰되거나장주위지방침윤이동반되면숙변대장염의가능성을고려하여야한다. 더욱이환자가 SIRS, 패혈증혹은패혈성쇼크가합병된중한숙변대장염으로진단된경우라면조기의수술적치료가사망률을감소시킬것으로생각된다. 중심단어 : 변비 ; 분변박힘 ; 대장염 ; 장천공 REFERENCES 2. Grivalsky HT, Bowerman CI. Stercoraceous ulcers of the colon: relatively neglected medical and surgical problem. J Am Med Assoc 1959;171: Lal S, Brown GN. Some unusual complications of fecal impaction. Am J Proctol 1967;18: Berry J. Dilatation and rupture of the sigmoid flexure. Br Med J 1894;1: Heffernan C, Pachter HL, Megibow AJ, Macari M. Stercoral colitis leading to fatal peritonitis: CT findings. AJR 2005;184: Guyton DP, Evans D, Schreiber H. Stercoral perforation of the colon: concepts of operative management. Am Surg 1985;51: Maurer CA, Renzulli P, Mazzuchelli L, Egger B, Seiler CA, Büchler MW. Use of accurate diagnostic criteria may increase incidence of stercoral perforation of the colon. Dis Colon rectum 2000;43: De Lillo AR, Rose S. Functional bowel disorders in the geriatric patient: constipation, fecal impaction, and fecal incontinence. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95: Patel SM, Lembo AJ. Constipation. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Gastrointestinal and liver disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2006: Nagar AB, Proctor DD. Ulcer of the small and large intestine. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Gastrointestinal and liver disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2006: Serpell JW, Nicholls RJ. Stercoral perforation of the colon. Br J Surg 1990;77:

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