원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 8, No. 4: , October 임상화학 직접 / 총빌리루빈비 의임상적유용성에관한연구 Clinical Usefulness of D

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1 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 8, No. 4: , October 218 임상화학 직접 / 총빌리루빈비 의임상적유용성에관한연구 Clinical Usefulness of Direct/Total Bilirubin Ratio 허규화 박일규 Kyuhwa Hur, M.D., Ile-Kyu Park, M.D. 한양대학교구리병원진단검사의학과 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea Background: The direct/total (d/t) bilirubin ratio can be used to distinguish the causes of jaundice in many patients who have increased levels of direct and indirect bilirubin. However, the reference range of the d/t ratio has not been established, hindering its clinical usefulness. This study assessed the clinical usefulness of the d/t ratio. Methods: Paired total bilirubin and direct bilirubin tests (N=4,357) of cholestasis, hemolytic anemia, and neonatal jaundice were evaluated. Regression analyses were performed between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, and between total bilirubin and the d/t ratio for each disease. Theoretical correlation models were established and used to compare the regression analyses data. Results: The theoretical model and regression equation between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin displayed linear correlations for all three cholestatic diseases. The model and regression equation between total bilirubin and the d/t ratio showed reciprocal curve correlations for the cholestatic diseases. When the total bilirubin concentration eceeded approimately 1 mg/dl, the rate of change of the d/t ratio decreased and converged to a constant value between.7 and.9. Conclusions: If the total bilirubin concentration eceeds 1 mg/dl, cholestatic diseases can be diagnosed if the d/t ratio is more than.7. However, if the total bilirubin concentration is lower than 1 mg/dl, cholestatic diseases should be considered even if the d/t ratio is lower than.7. Therefore, use of the d/t ratio with total bilirubin could prove to be valuable in clinical settings. Key Words: Bilirubin, Hyperbilirubinemia, Cholestasis 서론 현재우리는황달의존재여부를객관적으로확인하기위해빌 리루빈검사를사용한다. 한편, 황달의원인질환을감별하기위해 총빌리루빈과함께직접빌리루빈을측정하고총빌리루빈에서 직접빌리루빈을뺀값을간접빌리루빈으로추정하여사용한다 [1]. 황달을일으키는질환은크게두가지로분류되는데, 하나는담 즙정체질환으로간에서 glucuronic acid 가결합된빌리루빈이간 Corresponding author: Ile-Kyu Park Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 11923, Korea Tel: , Fa: , ikpark@hanyang.ac.kr Received: November 27, 217 Revision received: February 28, 218 Accepted: March 14, 218 This article is available from 218, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 밖으로배출되지못하고혈액내에증가되어결합고빌리루빈혈증을야기하며이는직접고빌리루빈혈증으로대변되고, 다른하나는용혈성질환으로빌리루빈의과다생성으로인해결합되지못한빌리루빈이혈액내에증가하여비결합고빌리루빈혈증를야기하며이는간접고빌리루빈혈증으로대변된다 [2]. 결합빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈은완전히일치하는개념은아니며직접빌리루빈과결합빌리루빈의측정값에차이가있다는여러보고들이있다 [3-5]. 현재결합빌리루빈을실질적으로측정할수있는 enzyme법에의한시약도판매되고있으나 [5, 6], 대부분의검사실에서는 diazo dye를이용한시약으로직접빌리루빈을측정하여 [1, 7] 결합빌리루빈을추정하고있다. 한편, 총빌리루빈이증가한환자들의직접빌리루빈과간접빌리루빈을조사해보면두검사값모두참고범위이상으로증가한경우가대부분이어서이환자들이담즙정체질환과용혈성질환의두질환을같이가지고있다고판단하기는무리가있다. 결국총빌리루빈에대한직접빌리루빈의비, 즉직접 / 총빌리루빈비 (direct /total bilirubin ratio, d/t ratio) 를이용하여 d/t ratio가.7 이상이면담즙정체질환,.3 이하면용혈성질환,.3과.7 사이면두질환이 eissn

2 혼합된것으로분류하는방법이 Fevery 등 [8] 에의해제기되었다. 그러나담즙정체질환에서도 d/t ratio가.7 미만을보이고있는경우가흔히관찰되고 [9-12], 담즙정체질환의 cut-off value를상기의.7 이아닌.5 이상으로설정한문헌 [11, 12] 도있는등 d/t ratio 사용에많은혼란을겪고있는실정이다. 본연구에서는기존에사용되는 d/t ratio의획일적인 cut-off value 설정이잘안맞는이유가무엇인지파악하고 d/t ratio라는개념을사용하기위해필요한추가적인요소에관해알아보아결국 d/t ratio를황달의원인감별에유용하게사용할수있는지여부를조사하여보았다. 접빌리루빈뿐만아니라간접빌리루빈까지모두 azobilirubin으로변형시켰다. 총빌리루빈의참고범위는 mg/dl 이고, 정밀도는 CV% 가 within-run에서 1.3%, between-run에서 1.9% 였다. 직접빌리루빈의측정은 Jendrassik and Grof 방법 [13] 을이용하여촉진제첨가없이 diazo 시약인 sulfanilic acid를검체에직접반응시켰다. 직접빌리루빈의참고범위는.1.3 mg/dl이고, 정밀도는 CV% 가 within-run에서 %, between-run 에서 2.% 였다. 간접빌리루빈은직접측정하지않고, 총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈의차이가곧간접빌리루빈이라는계산식을이용해그값을구하였다. 간접빌리루빈의참고범위는.1 mg/dl 이다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 21년 3월부터 29년 12월까지한양대학교구리병원에내원한 18세이상의성인남녀환자중총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈을동시에측정하여총빌리루빈이 2. mg/dl 이상인검사결과를전산자료로부터추출하였고, 그중담즙정체질환으로진단받은 4,32쌍의검사결과를대상으로정하였다. 그리고담즙정체질환과관계없는용혈성빈혈환자 28명과신생아황달을보인신생아 27명의두검사결과쌍을각각따로추출하여총 4,357쌍의검사결과를대상으로연구를진행하였다. 담즙정체질환의종류에따른변화를관찰하기위하여담즙정체질환을 3,553건의간내담즙정체질환군과 749건의간외담즙정체질환군의두군으로대분류하였다. 간내담즙정체질환군은다시 1,128건의간염, 1,857건의간경화, 568건의간암의세가지질환군으로중분류하였고, 간염은 333건의급성간염과 795건의만성간염으로, 간경화는 1,15건의알코올성간경화와 842건의비알코올성간경화로소분류하였다. 간외담즙정체질환군은담도염, 담낭염, 담석증, 담도암, 췌장암질환들로구성되었으며건수가적어각질환별로다시분류하지는않았다. 2. 연구방법 1) 총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈의측정법빌리루빈은자동화학검사장비 (Modular DPE, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) 와전용시약을이용하여측정하였다. 총빌리루빈의측정원리는변형된 Jendrassik and Grof 방법 [13, 14] 으로 bilirubin에 diazo 시약을부착시켜붉은색의 azobilirubin 으로변형시킨후 54 nm에서분광광도계로측정하는것이며 diazo 시약으로는 2,5-dichlorophenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborate (DPD) 를사용했다. 총빌리루빈의측정을위하여촉진제로서 detergent/hydrochloric acid를첨가하여촉진제없이도반응하는직 2) 통계분석방법질환별로총빌리루빈, 직접빌리루빈, 간접빌리루빈, d/t ratio 의분포의특성을보기위하여 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 검사법으로정규성검정을실시하였고, 정규분포를이루지않은경우중앙값과사분위수범위를구하여질환별검사결과분포를표시하였다. 총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈의상관관계를알아보고자회귀분석을실시하여상관계수와회귀곡선의식을구하였다. 회귀곡선의기울기와 y절편에는각각신뢰구간을구했고두질환사이에신뢰구간이겹치지않으면통계적으로유의한차이가있다고보았다. 또, 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio의상관관계를알아보고자곡선추정방법을사용하였는데, 선형, 역모형, 지수, 로그, 2차함수, 그리고 3차함수의 6가지곡선모델을적용하여각곡선의식과결정계수를구하고그중결정계수가가장높은모델을최적곡선으로선택하였다. 모든통계분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 22. 프로그램을사용하였다. 3) 직접빌리루빈단독증가시담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계이론모델직접빌리루빈과간접빌리루빈을각각참고범위의상한값인.3 mg/dl, mg/dl 로가정하고, 간접빌리루빈은증가하지않는다는가정하에직접빌리루빈만증가하는이론모델에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계를각각구하였다. 4) 간접빌리루빈단독증가시용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계이론모델직접빌리루빈과간접빌리루빈을각각참고범위의상한값인.3 mg/dl, mg/dl 로가정하고, 직접빌리루빈은증가하지않는다는가정하에간접빌리루빈만증가하는이론모델에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계를각각구하였다

3 결과 1. 총빌리루빈, 직접빌리루빈, 간접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의기술통계 담즙정체질환과용혈성빈혈, 신생아황달에서모두정규분포를이루지않아총빌리루빈, 직접빌리루빈, 간접빌리루빈, d/t ratio 의중앙값과사분위수범위를각각기술하였다 (Table 1). 2. 담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈의상관관계담즙정체질환전체에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀곡선의식은직선상관관계를보였으며상관계수 (r) 는.977, 회귀곡선의식은 y = 로나타났다 (Fig. 1A). 담즙정체질환을각단계별로분류하였을때상관계수는모든분류단계에서.97 이상을나타냈으며기울기 ( 회귀계수 ) 도대부분유사하였으나서로차이를보이는경우도있었다. 우선담즙정체질환을대분류한간내담즙정체질환군과간외담즙정체질환군의기울기는순서대로.757, 14 로통계적으로유의성을보였다. 간내담즙정체질환군을중분류한간염, 간경화, 간암세군의기울기는순서대로.735,.764,.771로서로통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 간염군을소분류한급성간염군과만성간염군의기울기는순서대로 51,.716 으로통계적으로유의한차이를보였으나, 간경화군을소분류한알코올성간경화군과비알코올성간경화군의기울기는순서대로.767,.76으로통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (Table 2). Table 1. Characteristics of patients with cholestasis, hemolytic anemia, and neonatal jaundice Disease Number of cases (Male/Female) Age, year* Total bilirubin (mg/dl) Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) Indirect bilirubin (mg/dl) d/t ratio Cholestasis 4,32 (2,876/1,426) 53.72± , , , 2. 3, 5 Intrahepatic cholestasis 3,553 (2,432/1,121) 52.25± , , , 2., 6 Hepatitis 1,128 (732/396) 47.36± , , , 2.1 8, 4 Acute hepatitis 333 (176/157) 39.42± , , , ,.18 Chronic hepatitis 795 (556/239) 58± , , , 2.5 4, 7 Cirrhosis 1,857 (1,43/454) 53.1±19 4.7, , , , 6 Alcoholic cirrhosis 1,15 (914/11) 52± , , , 2..56, 4 Non-alcoholic cirrhosis 842 (489/353) 55.9± , , , , 7 Hepatocellular carcinoma 568 (297/271) 59.49± , , , 2.7, 4 Etrahepatic cholestasis 749 (444/35) 69± , , , ,.19 Hemolytic anemia 28 (8/2) 52.71± , 3.3.5, 2., ,.9 Neonatal jaundice 27 (12/15) ± 1.5, 5.1,.1 9.9, 5.1.6,.4 *Mean±standard deviation; Median, interquartile range. 5 4 y= r= y= r 2 = A B Fig. 1. Correlations between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations (A) and between total bilirubin concentration and d/t ratio (B) in patients with cholestasis

4 Table 2. Regression analysis of correlation between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations Disease y=a-b* a (95% CI) b (95% CI) r Cholestasis.766 ( ).754 (93 14).977 Intrahepatic cholestasis.757 ( ).784 ( ).977 Hepatitis.735 ( ).373 (5 96).985 Acute hepatitis 51 (36 66) 66 (.58 24).987 Chronic hepatitis.716 ( ) 7 ( ).978 Cirrhosis.764 ( ).938 (47 3).974 Alcoholic cirrhosis.767 ( ).986 ( ).976 Non-alcoholic cirrhosis.76 ( ) 78 ( ).972 Hepatocellular carcinoma.771 ( ) 29 ( ).975 Etrahepatic cholestasis 14 (4 23) 67 ( ).986 Hemolytic anemia.66 (.41.91) -89 ( ).733 Neonatal jaundice.17 (.5.29) -46 ( ) 93 *, total bilirubin; y, direct bilirubin. Table 3. Regression analysis of correlation between total bilirubin concentration and d/t ratio Disease a b r 2 Cholestasis Intrahepatic cholestasis Hepatitis Acute hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis Alcoholic cirrhosis Non-alcoholic cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Etrahepatic cholestasis Hemolytic anemia Neonatal jaundice *, total bilirubin; y, d/t ratio. y * 12 y= y= A B Fig. 2. Theoretical correlations between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations (A) and between total bilirubin concentration and d/t ratio (B) in cholestasis. 3. 담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 의상관관계 담즙정체질환전체에서총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 의상관관계를 알아보기위해곡선추정방법을사용한결과선형, 역모형, 지수, 로그, 2 차함수, 그리고 3 차함수의결정계수 (r 2 ) 가순서대로.189,.318,.16, 95, 68, 96 으로역모형의결정계수가가장 높아역모형을최적곡선으로선택하였고곡선의식은 y = 로나타났다. 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 의상관관계는총빌리 루빈이증가할수록 d/t ratio 도같이증가하였으나차츰그증가세 가완만해져어느시점부터는하나의값으로수렴하는결과를보 였다 (Fig. 1B). 담즙정체질환모두에서 d/t ratio 의증가가급격히감 소하기시작하는시점의총빌리루빈은 1 mg/dl 전후였고, d/t ratio 의수렴값은담즙정체질환마다조금씩의차이를보였으나.7 과.9 사이에서형성되었다 (Table 3). 4. 직접빌리루빈단독증가시담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계이론모델간접빌리루빈은 mg/dl로고정되고직접빌리루빈만.3 mg/dl에서시작해점차증가하는이론모델에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀곡선의식은직선상관관계를보였으며상관계수 (r) 는 1, 회귀곡선의식은 y = - (y, 직접빌리루빈 ;, 총빌리루빈 ) 로나타났다 (Fig. 2A). 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의이론적상관관계는위에서제시된총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀곡선의식을응용하 면 y = +1 (y, d/t ratio;, 총빌리루빈 ) 의역모형의회귀곡선을 13

5 15 y= r= y= r= A.55 y= r 2 = B.145 y= +.49 r 2 = C D Fig. 3. Correlations between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations in patients with hemolytic anemia (A) and neonatal jaundice (B), and between total bilirubin concentration and d/t ratio in patients with hemolytic anemia (C) and neonatal jaundice (D) y=.3 y= A B Fig. 4. Theoretical correlations between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations (A) and between total bilirubin concentration and d/t ratio (B) in hemolytic anemia and neonatal jaundice

6 보이고있다. 이역모형회귀곡선은 값이증가할때 y값도증가하지만어느시점부터는 y값의증가정도가감소하여하나의값으로수렴하는결과를보인다. 즉총빌리루빈이증가하면 d/t ratio는 1 에수렴하게된다 (Fig. 2B). 5. 용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, d/t ratio의상관관계와간접빌리루빈단독증가시상관관계이론모델용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의상관관계는모두거의 에가까운기울기값을나타내담즙정체질환과차이를보였고 (Fig. 3A, B), 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의상관관계역시총빌리루빈이증가할수록 d/t ratio가점차 에수렴하는것으로나타나담즙정체질환과차이를보였다 (Fig. 3C, D). 용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의이론적상관관계는직접빌리루빈은증가하지않고간접빌리루빈만증가하므로 y=b 형태의상관관계가나타났고 (Fig. 4A), 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의이론적상관관계역시 d/t ratio가 에수렴하는양상을보여담즙정체질환과차이를보였다 (Fig. 4B). 고찰 담즙정체질환전체에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의상관관계는 Fevery 등이보고한대로 1차함수의상관관계를나타냈고 [2], 상관계수 (r) 는모든질환에서.97 이상으로나타났으며이는간접빌리루빈의양이고정된상태에서직접빌리루빈의증가만으로총빌리루빈이증가하는이론적모델에서의상관계수 1에거의근접하였다. 한편, 총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의상관관계는.7과.9 사이로수렴하였으며이는총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀곡선의기울기와거의일치하는결과를보였다. 이는 Fevery 등이총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의상관관계에대한직접적인연구는실시하지않았지만총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀곡선의기울기가.7과.9 사이로수렴한다는사실을근거로 [2] 담즙정체질환의 cut-off value를 1이아닌.7로정한것을 [8] 설명해줄수있는근거가된다. 담즙정체질환에서 d/t ratio의 cut-off value가.7로형성된다는점은곧총빌리루빈이증가할때직접빌리루빈과함께간접빌리루빈도총빌리루빈의.3배의비율로같이증가한다는사실을의미한다. 간접빌리루빈도증가하는원인으로는담즙정체질환으로인해장으로배출되지못하고간세포내에축적된직접빌리루빈이 conjugation에관여하는효소 UGT1A1에경쟁적으로작용하여간세포의 conjugation 기능이정상보다저하되는현상을들수있 다 [7]. 또한, 배출되지못한직접빌리루빈의일부가간세포내에서다시 deconjugation되어혈액으로돌아가기때문으로도볼수있다 [15, 16]. 한편현재검사실에서사용중인 diazo dye법에의해빌리루빈을측정하게되면직접빌리루빈은결합빌리루빈의약 7% 만을반영한다는보고를기반으로 [1] 측정상의오류에의한현상일가능성도있으나 d/t ratio가.9 이상을보이는환자도다수발견되는점이가능성을약화시킨다. 담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의상관관계를살펴본결과총빌리루빈이일정농도이상이되어야 d/t ratio가일정한값으로수렴한다는사실을발견하였다. 즉, 총빌리루빈이낮을경우 d/t ratio는수렴값보다낮은결과를보이며총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이상으로증가할때 d/t ratio가.7로수렴하는사실을발견하였고그에대한이론적배경을찾았다. 위에서 Fevery [8] 가주장한 d/t ratio의 cut-off value는총빌리루빈과무관하게 d/t ratio가항상일정한값에수렴한다는잘못된전제하에만들어진분류기준이다. 그러므로총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이상에서는단일 cut-off value인.7만으로질환을분류할수있지만총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이하에서는담즙정체질환환자를용혈성질환과혼합된환자로분류하는오류를범할것이므로단일 cut-off value 를설정하여일괄적용하는데다소무리가있을것으로보인다. 간외담즙정체질환군보다간내담즙정체질환군에서수렴하는 d/t ratio가통계적으로유의하게낮았는데, 이는간내담즙정체질환군에서간접빌리루빈의비율이더높다는것을의미하며담즙정체로인한간접빌리루빈의증가기전과별도로간질환에의한간세포의 conjugation 기능저하가공존하기때문이라고해석된다 [17]. 또, 간내담즙정체질환군중하나인간염군의경우만성간염군에서 d/t ratio의수렴값이통계적으로유의하게낮은결과를보였는데, 이는간염이만성화될수록간세포의손상으로인한 conjugation 기능저하가심화되기때문에간접빌리루빈의비율이더높게나오는것으로생각되었다. 반면간암군의 d/t ratio값은간염, 간경화군과비교하여서로통계적차이를보이지않아총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이상으로높더라도간염, 간경화, 간암세가지질환을 d/t ratio만으로감별할수는없었다. 담즙정체질환을진단하는데있어총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈이외에도 aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 등의임상화학검사, prothrombin time (PT) 등의혈액응고검사, 그리고간염바이러스혈청학적검사와영상학적검사등여러다른검사결과들을종합적으로판단하는것이일반적이다. 본연구결과담즙정체질환을진단하는데있어 d/t ratio 값이통계적으로유의미한여러결과들을보였으므로향후담즙정체질환을감별진단할때다른검사결과들과함께 d/t ratio 값을 132

7 같이사용한다면진단에더욱유용할것으로생각된다. 한편용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서는 d/t ratio가모두 에수렴하는값을나타내본연구에서세운이론적인상관관계와일치하였다. 기존에알려진대로용혈성빈혈과신생아황달에서는총빌리루빈이증가할때직접빌리루빈은거의증가하지않는것으로보여진다 [18, 19]. 담즙정체질환을대상으로시행한본연구결과는다음과같다. 첫째, 총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이상에서는 d/t ratio가.7 이상일때황달의원인으로담즙정체질환을진단할수있지만총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이하에서는 d/t ratio가.7보다낮더라도담즙정체질환을고려해야할것이다. 둘째, 총빌리루빈이 1 mg/dl 이상에서는 d/t ratio가높을수록간외담즙정체질환이나급성간염을생각해볼수있을것이다. 결론적으로, 총빌리루빈을함께고려한다면황달의원인을감별하는데 d/t ratio가유용하게사용될수있을것으로생각되었다. 요약 배경 : 직접빌리루빈과간접빌리루빈이함께증가해있는많은환자들의황달의원인을구별하기위하여 d/t ratio를사용할수있다. 그러나현재까지 d/t ratio의참고범위가일정한값으로확립되어있지않으며임상적유용성자체를의심받고있다. 저자들은 d/t ratio의임상적유용성유무파악에관련된연구들을진행하였다. 방법 : 담즙정체질환, 용혈성빈혈, 그리고신생아황달환자들의총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈검사값 4,357쌍을대상으로연구를진행하였다. 각질환들을대상으로총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈, 그리고총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 간에각각회귀분석을시행하여서로비교하였다. 그리고본저자들이세운회귀분석이론모델들과실제결과들을비교분석하였다. 결과 : 담즙정체질환에서총빌리루빈과직접빌리루빈사이의회귀방정식은이론모델과같은직선상관관계를나타냈다. 마찬가지로총빌리루빈과 d/t ratio 사이의회귀방정식도이론모델과같은역모형의회귀곡선을보였으며, 총빌리루빈값이약 1 mg/dl보다높아질수록 d/t ratio의상승률은점차완만해져.7과.9 사이의일정한값으로수렴하는결과를보였다. 결론 : 총빌리루빈값이 1 mg/dl보다높은경우에는 d/t ratio가.7 이상이면담즙정체질환으로진단할수있을것이나총빌리루빈값이 1 mg/dl보다낮은경우에는 d/t ratio가.7보다낮더라도담즙정체질환을배제할수없다. 그러므로 d/t ratio를임상적으로유용하게사용하기위해서는총빌리루빈값을반드시같이고려해야할것이다. REFERENCES 1. McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry s Cclinical Ddiagnosis and Mmanagement by Llaboratory Mmethods. 23rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 216: Fevery J, Claes J, Heirwegh K, De Groote J. Hyperbilirubinemia: significance of the ratio between direct-reacting and total bilirubin. Clin Chim Acta 1967;17: Kubasik NP, Mayer TK, Bhaskar AG, Sine HE, D Souza JP. The measurement of fractionated bilirubin by Ektachem film slides. Method validation and comparison of conjugated bilirubin measurements with direct bilirubin in obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice. Am J Clin Pathol 1985;84: Arvan D and Shirey TL. Conjugated bilirubin: a better indicator of impaired hepatobiliary ecretion than direct bilirubin. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1985;15: Doumas BT and Wu TW. The measurement of bilirubin fractions in serum. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1991;28: Doumas BT, Yein F, Perry B, Jendrzejczak B, Kessner A. Determination of the sum of bilirubin sugar conjugates in plasma by bilirubin oidase. Clin Chem 1999;45: Levitt DG and Levitt MD. Quantitative assessment of the multiple processes responsible for bilirubin homeostasis in health and disease. Clin Ep Gastroenterol 214;7: Fevery J. Bilirubin in clinical practice: a review. Liver Int 28;28: Naiki T, Nakayama N, Mochida S, Oketani M, Takikawa Y, Suzuki K, et al. Novel scoring system as a useful model to predict the outcome of patients with acute liver failure: Application to indication criteria for liver transplantation. Hepatol Res 212;42: Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Takaguchi K, Sakaguchi K, Shiratori Y. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome strongly affects the prognosis of patients with fulminant hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol 27;42: Krier M and Ahmed A. The asymptomatic outpatient with abnormal liver function tests. Clin Liver Dis 29;13: Damjanow I. Pathology Ssecrets. 3rd ed. Philadelphisa: Mosby Elsevier., 29: Lo DH and Wu TW. Assessment of the fundamental accuracy of the Jendrassik-Grof total and direct bilirubin assays. Clin Chem 1983;29: Wahlefeld AW, Herz G, Bernt E. Modification of the Malloy-Evelyn method for a simple, reliable determination of total bilirubin in serum

8 Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1972;2:A Gollan J, Hammaker L, Licko V, Schmid R. Bilirubin kinetics in intact rats and isolated perfused liver: evidence for hepatic deconjugation of bilirubin glucuronides. J Clin Invest 1981;67: Berk PD, Howe RB, Bloomer JR, Berlin NI. Studies of bilirubin kinetics in normal adults. J Clin Invest 1969;48: Sullivan JI and Rockey DC. Diagnosis and evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 217;33: Ullah S, Rahman K, Hedayati M. Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates: types, causes, clinical eaminations, preventive measures and treatments: a narrative review article. Iran J Public Health 216;45: Woreta TA and Alqahtani SA. Evaluation of abnormal liver tests. Med Clin North Am 214;98:

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<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770> 대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of

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