The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy ISSN , * 2 1, 2 Effects of Arm Swing with a Small Weight on Anticipator

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1 The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy ISSN , * 2 1, 2 Effects of Arm Swing with a Small Weight on Anticipatory Postural Adjustment and Postural Stability in Standing Hye-Sun Nam 1, Joong-Hwi Kim* 2 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Graduated School, Catholic University of Daegu, 2 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedi, Catholic University of Daegu Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation time of trunk muscles and characteristics of the movement of center of pressure (COP) during arm swing with a small weight in standing. Thirty health subjects (14 males, 16 females) participated in this study. Arm swing was performed for 10 trials without and with a weight at 1.2Hz frequency toward anterior and posterior direction. Electromyography (EMG) was used to determine muscle activation time and Biorescue was used to measure characteristics of the movement of COP. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over right anterior deltoid, right latissimus dorsi, both rectus abdominis, both internal oblique, and both erector spinae. The data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences with muscle activation time in all muscles except the ipsilateral internal oblique between conditions of arm swing without and with a weight (p<0.01). 2) There were significant differences with characteristics of the COP (sway area, length, and speed) between conditions of arm swing without and with a weight (p<0.01). In conclusion, the arm swing with a small weight evokes the more rapid EMG activity of ipsilateral trunk muscles and the increasing movement of COP. The findings highlight the importance of investigating the role of the small weight during arm swing in anticipatory postural adjustment and posture stability in maintaining control of vertical posture K E Y W O R D S : Arm Swing, Weight, Anticipatory Postural Adjustment, Postural Stability, Standing posture A R T I C L E I N F O : I. (center of mass; COM),., (perturbation).

2 . (anticipatory postural adjustments) (1). (compensatory postural adjustments) COM (2,3)., (1,4). (5-9). (4,10). (11,12), (13-15), (16-18), (19), (20). (electromyography; EMG) (21), (22), (6,23) (24,25), (center of pressure; COP) COP (1,26).,.. COP. II. 1. C 1, , 16,. (Table 1). Table 1. General characteristics of subjects (N=30) Characteristic Mean ± SD

3 Age (yrs) ± 1.34 Subject SD: Standard Deviation 2. Height (cm) ± 7.01 Weight (kg) ± 9.03 Feet (mm) ± (WEMG-8, Laxtha, USA).. COP Biorescue (AP1153, RM Ingenierie, France)., COP (cm) (cm), (cm/s). 3. 1). Tettamanti (27) 1.2Hz, , 12, Hz 10. (Shoulder flexion; SF), 1kg (Shoulder flexion with weight; SF-W), (Shoulder extension; SE), 1kg (Shoulder extension with weight; SE-W). 5. (force plate) COP 30 COP,, (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Experimental setup. a. SF: Shoulder flexion, b. SF-W: Shoulder flexion with weight, c. SE: Shoulder extension, d. SE-W: Shoulder extension with weight 2) (Figure 2).

4 Figure 1. Experimental setup. a. SF: Shoulder flexion, b. SF-W: Shoulder flexion with weight, c. SE: Shoulder extension, d. SE-W: Shoulder extension with weight 2) (Figure 2). (surface electrode) (ground electrode). (anterior deltoid; AD), (latissimus dorsi; LD), (rectus abdominis; RA), (internal oblique IO), (erector spinae; ES). 7 (C7). SANIAM (28,29).

5 Figure 2. Electromyogram position 3) (sampling data) 1024Hz, (band pass filter) 10~500Hz. 60Hz, 120Hz, 180Hz (notch filter). 3, 500ms (30). (right anterior deltoid), (right latissimus dorsi) (31). 100ms 50ms (32). 4. COP COP,,. SPSS(PASW Statistics) version 19.0., COP (repeated one-way ANOVA). (post hoc test) Duncan. α Ⅲ. 1.

6 (p<0.01)., (Table 2). Table 2. Muscle activation time of the trunk muscles according to weight at the right shoulder flexion, extension. (Unit: sec) SF-NW(a) SF-W(b) SE-NW(c) SE-W(d) F p post hoc R.RA 0.47 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a>b,d L.RA 0.45 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a>d R.IO 0.38 ± ± ± ± L.IO 0.40 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a,c>d R.ES 0.30 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a,b,c>d L.ES 0.17 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a,b,c>d Value are means ± standard deviation SF: Shoulder flexion; SF-W: Shoulder flexion with weight; SE: Shoulder extension; SE-W: Shoulder extension with weight; R.RA: Right rectus abdominis; L.RA: Left rectus abdominis; R.IO: Right internal oblique; L.IO: Left internal oblique; R.ES: Right erector spinae; L.ES: Left erector spinae 2. COP COP (p<0.01). COP (ellipse), (length), (average of speed) (Table 3). Table 3. Movement characteristics of the center of pressure (COP) according to weight at the right shoulder flexion, extension. SF(a) SF-W(b) SE(c) SE-W(d) F p post hoc Ellipse (mm 2 ) Length (cm) ± ± ± ± a,c<b,d ± ± ± ± <0.001 a,c<b,d Ave.speed 0.93 ± ± ± ± <0.001 a,c<b,d (cm/s) Value are means ± standard deviation SF: Shoulder flexion; SF-W: Shoulder flexion with weight; SE: Shoulder extension; SE-W: Shoulder extension with weight; Ave.speed: Average of speed

7 Ⅳ. (COP)., COP. (1), (2,3,33).,, (34). (35). Commissaris Toussaint (36) COP, COP. EMG (anterior deltoid), (13,18,31,37-39). Urquhart (31),. Jung Chung (39), (internal obloque) (erector spinae),., (rectus abdominis),. COP (ellipse), (length), (average of speed). (latissimus dorsi) (37,40), (41).,,,,., Tettamanti (27) 4 (1.2Hz) 1kg.

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80%, O'Sullivan (2003), (reposition sense)..(, 2001) Arokoski (2001) 1937 williams,,,,,,. (bridging exercise).,.(stevens, 2007). (lumbar stabilization 1) 스위스볼을적용한교각자세변화에따른체간의근활성도비교 The Comparison of Trunk Muscles Activity During Bridging Stabilization Exercises on Swiss Ball According to Change of Position Sun-tae Son, Min-hye Kim, Hee-jin Kim, Ji-hye