untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 DOI: /trd ISSN: (Print)/ (Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2010;68: CopyrightC2010. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved. 초음파기관지내시경세침흡인을이용하여진단한폐사르코이드증 Original Article 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원 1 호흡기내과학교실, 2 병리학교실김원영 1, 장유진 1, 류지원 1, 박영수 2, 장세진 2, 송진우 1, 오연목 1, 심태선 1, 이상도 1, 김우성 1, 김동순 1, 최창민 1 Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration Won Young Kim, M.D. 1, You Jin Chang, M.D. 1, Ji Won Lyu, M.D. 1, Young Soo Park, M.D. 2, Se Jin Jang, M.D. 2, Jin Woo Song, M.D. 1, Yeon Mok Oh, M.D. 1, Tae Sun Shim, M.D. 1, Sang Do Lee, M.D. 1, Woo Sung Kim, M.D. 1, Dong Soon Kim, M.D. 1, Chang Min Choi, M.D. 1 Departments of 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 2 Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis often involves mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes in the lung parenchyma. Mediastinoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is invasive and expensive. Transbronchial needle aspiration using conventional bronchoscope is less invasive than mediastinoscopy, but its diagnostic accuracy is in question due to the blind approach to targeting lymph nodes. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) via endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has high diagnostic value due to direct visualization of lymph nodes and to its relatively safeness. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Methods: Twenty-five patients with symptoms of sarcoidosis were enrolled into this study. Core tissue was obtained for a definitive diagnosis. Endobronchial biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed to verify diagnosis. For patients without a confirmed diagnosis after the above procedures were performed, the additional procedures of mediastinoscopy or video-associated thoracoscopic surgery were performed to confirm a final diagnosis. Results: A total 25 EBUS procedures were done and 50 lymph nodes were aspirated. Thirty-three (37) out of 50 lymph nodes were consistent with non-caseating granuloma, confirming sarcoidosis as the final diagnosis. Sarcoidosis was the final diagnosis for all 25 patients, and 21 required EBUS-TBNA for a final diagnosis. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA is already a well-known procedure for diagnosing mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. We used EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and our results showed 84% diagnostic accuracy and no complications related to the procedure. EBUS-TBNA is a reliable and practical diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Key Words: Bronchoscopy; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary 서 론 Address for correspondence: Chang Min Choi, M.D. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Pungnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul , Korea Phone: , Fax: ccm@amc.seoul.kr Received: Mar. 21, 2010 Accepted: Apr. 20, 2010 사르코이드증은 1899년노르웨이피부과의사 Boeck 에의해처음명명된질환으로 1 인종에관계없이모든연령에서발생할수있다 2. 원인은분명하지않고각종장기에육아종을형성하는것이특징이다. 폐를가장잘침범하며많게는 85% 경우에서흉부림프절병증을동반한다

2 WY Kim et al: EBUS for pulmonary sarcoidosis 폐를침범하는사르코이드증을진단하는데있어서아직까지 gold standard 는세로칸내시경술 (mediastinoscopy) 을이용한조직검사이나이는침습적이며비용이많이든다는단점이있다. 반면, 현재새로운표준진단방법으로자리잡은기관지경술 (bronchosopy) 을이용한 transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) 은질병의단계와관계없이높은진단율을가질수있다고 Trisolini 등은보고한바있다. 이들은또한가능한많은림프절검체를통해 TBNA 의진단율을높일수있고세로칸내시경술은 TBNA 로진단이내려지지않은경우이차적으로고려되는것이옳다고언급하였다 4. 하지만다른여러논문들에서보고된바에따르면고식적기관지경술을이용한 TBNA 의민감도는 46 90% 로변이가심한것이특징이다 5-9. 이는표적림프절을기관지경으로직접확인할수없기때문에전산화단층촬영술 (computed tomography, CT) 과같은기존영상을바탕으로시행하는맹목적인시술로진단율을높이기위해서는어느정도숙련된시술자에의존할수밖에없다 10. 최근각광받는 endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) 는기관지경끝에초음파탐촉자를장착하여병변에대한실시간영상을가능케하고 22-게이지바늘을이용하여병변을확인함과동시에조직검사를시행할수있는장점이있다 11. 이는특히흉부림프절병증을동반한폐암, 결핵, 사르코이드증등여러질환에서적용가능하며 EBUS 를통한 TBNA 는기관옆, 용골아래, 허파문림프절등을직접관찰하면서조직검사를시행하여비교적높은진단적가치를지닌검사가될수있다 12. EBUS-TBNA 의유용성은이미여러논문들에의해입증된바있으며또한여러연구에서 EBUS-TBNA 를이용하여폐를침범하는사르코이드증의진단이가능함을밝힌바있다. 하지만국내에서는아직 EBUS 의사용이생소할뿐더러이에대한연구가미흡한것이사실이다. 저자들은국내에서는처음으로 3차의료기관에서임상적으로사르코이드증이의심되는환자들중흉부림프절병증을동반한경우진단기법으로 EBUS-TBNA 를사용하였기에이에대한유용성을밝히고자연구를진행하였다. 낸 25명의환자들을대상으로하였으며서울아산병원 (Asan Medical Center) Institutional Review Board의승인하에시행되었다. 환자에대한자료는본원입원및외래의무기록을바탕으로하였고그밖에단순흉부촬영, 흉부 CT 등의영상자료와병리학보고, 검사실검사등을참조하였다. 사르코이드증의방사선단계는일차적으로본원첫내원당시시행한단순흉부촬영소견에기초하였다. EBUS-TBNA 는 7.5-MHZ linear ultrasound transducer probe 가원위부에장착된기관지경을사용하였고 (CP- EBUS, model XBF-UC260F; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) ultrasound image processor (model EU-C2000; Olympus) 또한사용되었다. 22-게이지, 4-cm cytology needle (Olympus) 이검체를얻는데사용되었으며흡인부위선택및 EBUS-TBNA 외추가적인시술시행여부는전적으로시술자의판단하에결정되었다. EBUS-TBNA 로확인된림프절에대해핵심조직 (core tissue) 을얻어슬라이드를제작하였고본원의숙련된세포병리학자들에의해판독되었다. 그외에도결핵을배제하기위한목적으로항산성염색 (acid-fast stain) 과결핵균 PCR (M. tuberculosis PCR) 이시행되었고악성종양을배제하기위해 washing cytology 를시행하였다. 일부림프절에대해서는기타감염증을배제하기위한목적으로 periodic acid-schiff (PAS) 염색과 Gomori-Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) 염색을추가하였다. 사르코이드증의최종진단은사르코이드증에합당한임상상및악성종양또는결핵과같은감염증이동반되지않는상태에서 대상및방법 본연구는 2008년 7월부터 2010년 1월, 약 1년반의기간동안본원에내원한외래또는입원환자중사르코이드증을의심하는임상증상또는영상의학적소견을나타 Figure 1. Epithelial non-caseating granuloma consistent with sarcoidosis (H&E stain, 200). 268

3 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 68. No. 5, May 2010 괴사를동반하지않은상피성비건락육아종 (Figure 1) 을확인하는것을바탕으로하였다. EBUS-TBNA 외에도보조적인진단방법으로 transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) 및기관지내병변이기관지경으로확인되었을경우조직검사가시행되었다. EBUS-TBNA 및 TBLB 등으로조직학적진단이내려지지않은경우확진을위해세로칸내시경술또는비디오흉강경수술 (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) 이시행되었다. EBUS 시술외에도본연구에서는대상환자들에게심전도와폐기능검사가이루어졌고사르코이드증의눈침범여부를확인하기위해본원안과와협진하여정밀검사를시행하였다. 그밖에도사르코이드증을진단하는데있어서보조적인수단으로투베르쿨린검사 (tuberculin skin test) 와혈청안지오텐신전환효소 (angiotensin converting enzyme), 24시간소변칼슘등이측정되었다. 었고악성종양이진단되었던자는없었다. 사르코이드증시나타날수있는증상을호소하는경우가많았으나이는비특이적으로 24% 에서는무증상이었다. 반면, 단순흉부촬영또는 CT에서사르코이드증을의심케하는소견을보이는경우가대부분이었다. 결 과 연구기간동안사르코이드증이의심되는환자들을대상으로총 25회의 EBUS 시술이이루어졌고환자의특징은 Table 1과같다. 20% 에서결핵을앓았던과거력이있 Table 1. Patient characteristics Characteristic Value (%) Age, mean years (range) (25 63) Sex Male 9 Female 16 Previous tuberculosis history 3 (20) Smoking history 9 (36) Symptoms Cough 8 (32) Dyspnea 8 (32) Weight loss 3 (12) Malaise 3 (12) Fever 0 (0) Skin complaints 2 (8) Eye complaints 4 (16) Sinus complaints 1 (4) Rheumatologic 2 (8) Hematologic 1 (4) Radiographic staging 1 9 (36) 2 16 (64) 3 0 (0) 4 0 (0) Figure 2. Well defined, homogenous lymph node in endobronchial ultrasound. Table 2. Descriptions of EBUS-TBNA Value Total sampled 50 Lymph node location R 17 4 L 1 10/11 R 7 10/11 L 2 Lymph node size, mm 5 40 AFB stain Positive 0 Negative 50 MTB-PCR Positive 0 Negative 50 Washing cytology Positive 0 Negative 50 Results Non-caseating granuloma 37 Caseous necrosis 1 Non-diagnostic 12 EBUS-TBNA: endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration; AFB: acid-fast bacilli; MTB-PCR: Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction. 269

4 WY Kim et al: EBUS for pulmonary sarcoidosis 모든환자에서 EBUS 를통하여세로칸또는허파문림프절을확인할수있었고대부분의림프절은경계가분명하였고균일한밀도를지녔다 (Figure 2). 흡인된림프절 50개중 41개에서크기를측정하였으며 (82%), 이중 14개 (34%) 는 1 cm 이하였다. EBUS-TBNA 결과는 Table 2에상세히기술되어있다. 총 50개의림프절중 37개 (74%) 에서사르코이드증진단에합당한비건락육아종 (non-caseating granuloma) 소견이확인되었고건락괴사 (caseous necrosis) 1개, 나머지 12개는검체양이적거나반응성림프절또는피덩이, 섬유소성괴사등의이유로진단을내릴수없었다. 사르코이드증과같이흉부림프절병증을동반할수있는악성종양및결핵을배제하기위해모든림프절에대해항산성염색 (acid-fast stain) 과결핵균 PCR이시행되었고양성으로확인된예는없었다. 모든림프절에대해시행한 washing cytology 에서도악성세포를의심할만한경우는확인되지않았다. 총 25명의환자중 11명 (44%) 에서 EBUS 시술시 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 을시행하였는데, 이중한예에서림프구백분율이 8% 측정되었고나머지의경우중등도의림프구증가증이확인되었다. CD4/CD8 비율을계산하였을때 4:1 이상인경우가 11명중 6명이었고 2명에서는오히려 1 미만으로계산되었다. 최종진단으로사르코이드증이 25명모두에게서이루어졌고진단과정은다음과같다 (Figure 3). 25명중 21명 (84%) 에서는 EBUS-TBNA 만으로진단이이루어졌고현재까지본원에서외래추적관찰중이며진단이바뀌거나보조진단을위해세로칸내시경술또는기타수술적치료를 Figure 3. All patients were diagnosed as sarcoidosis in different methods. EBUS-TBNA: endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration; TBLB: transbronchial lung biopsy; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. 요하는경우는없었다. 4명에서 EBUS-TBNA 와동시에 TBLB가시행되었고, 이중반수에서사르코이드증에합당한비건락육아종이확인되었다. 2명중 1명은 EBUS- TBNA에서도사르코이드증이확진되었으나나머지에서는 EBUS-TBNA 로얻은림프절 (10R) 에서섬유소성괴사가확인되어최종진단은 TBLB에의해이루어졌다. 25명중 3명에서는 (12%) EBUS-TBNA 또는 TBLB에서조직학적진단이이루어지지않아세로칸내시경술또는비디오흉강경수술이시행되었고 3명모두비건락육아종이확인되어사르코이드증으로최종진단할수있었다. 반면, 4명의경우기관지경술소견상기관지내병변을확인할수있었는데결절, 불규칙한점막, 다발성황색구진등으로모두사르코이드증의기관지침범을의심하는소견이었다. 이에대해조직검사가시행되었으며 4예모두비건락육아종이확인되었다. 이중 3명에서는동시시행했던 EBUS-TBNA 에서사르코이드증이진단되었으나나머지 1명에서는 EBUS-TBNA 및 TBLB 에서최종진단이이루어지지않은경우였다. 총 25회의 EBUS 시술중한예에서시술후미열및소량의객혈이동반되었으나이는동시시행된 TBLB에의한합병증으로 EBUS-TBNA 와직접연관성있는합병증은확인되지않았다. 고찰이연구는최근각광받고있는 EBUS 를이용하여흉부림프절병증을동반한사르코이드증을진단함에대한것으로비교적높은정확도와최소한의합병증을보여주었다. 본연구에서총 25명의환자중 21명에서 EBUS-TBNA 만으로사르코이드증을진단할수있었으며 TBLB 또는수술적치료를추가로시행하여모든환자에서사르코이드증을진단하였다. 연구기간동안의미있는합병증은한예도확인되지않았다. 폐를침범하는사르코이드증을진단하기위한방법으로기관지경을이용한 TBLB 와기관지내조직검사, BAL 등이있으며좀더침습적인방법으로는세로칸내시경술또는비디오흉강경수술을이용한조직검사등이있다. TBLB는굴곡기관지경술 (flexible bronchoscopy) 이상용화되면서사르코이드증을포함한미만성폐질환을진단하기위한도구로널리사용되었으나 13, radiographic stage 가높을수록민감도가증가하는등변이가심하고 14, 기흉또는혈흉의빈도가 5% 정도로존재한다는점이단 270

5 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 68. No. 5, May 2010 점이다 8. 이에비해 EBUS-TBNA는 TBLB보다더높은민감도와안정성을지니며본연구에서또한대부분의 TBLB 를이용한연구에서보다진단에있어높은정확도를보여주었고시술에따른의미있는합병증은없었다. 고식적기관지경술을이용한 TBNA 의민감도는 46 90% 로변이가심한것이특징이며진단율을높이기위해시술전 CT 등의영상이필요한경우가많다. 하지만 EBUS-TBNA 는실시간초음파영상을통해림프절을직접확인한후흡인을시행하므로고식적 TBNA 에비해진단면에서훨씬안정적이고 CT 시행비용을줄일수있는장점이있다. Tremblay 등은 50명의환자들을대상으로무작위대조시험을통해고식적 TBNA와 EBUS-TBNA 간의진단율을비교한바있으며 53.8% vs. 83.3% (p< 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 8.6 to 55.4%) 로 EBUS- TBNA 군에서진단율이월등히높았음을보여주었다 15. 본연구에서흡인된림프절중상당수는 1 cm 이하로고식적 TBNA 를이용해서는쉽게얻기힘든크기로생각되며이는 EBUS-TBNA의또하나의장점으로볼수있겠다. 결절및비정상점막등의기관지내병변을동반하는사르코이드증의경우조직검사를시행할경우진단율을높일수있다고보고된바있으며 16, 본연구에서도총 25 명중 4명의경우기관지내병변을동반하였고조직검사를통해모두비건락육아종을확진할수있었다. 이들중한명의경우비록최종진단은세로칸내시경술에의해이루어졌으나 EBUS-TBNA 와 TBLB에서조직학적진단이이루어지지않은상태였기때문에기관지내병변에대한조직검사의유용성은있다고본다. BAL 의경우, CD4/CD8 의비율이 4:1 이상이면서 BAL 중호중구및호산구비율이각각 1% 미만일때사르코이드증에대한진단적가치는 TBLB 와대등할정도라고 Chapman 과 Mehta 가언급하였다 17. 하지만 BAL 림프구증가증및 CD4/CD8 비율만으로사르코이드증을진단할수는없고어디까지나보조적인진단수단으로이용할수있다는것이대다수의의견이다. 오히려 CD8 수가현저한사르코이드증의예가지속적으로보고되는바, CD4/CD8 비율이높다고해서사르코이드증으로진단하기에는무리가있다. 본연구에서도사르코이드증으로최종진단된 2명의경우 BAL CD4/CD8 비율이 1 미만으로계산되었다. 폐를침범하는사르코이드증을진단하는데있어서아직까지 gold standard 는세로칸내시경술이다. 하지만이는침습적이고비용이많이들며많게는 2.5% 정도에서심각한합병증을초래한다 18. 따라서진단되지않은흉부 림프절병증에대해일차적으로세로칸내시경술을선택하기에는무리가있다고보며본연구에서와같이비교적진단정확도가높은 EBUS-TBNA 를먼저시행하는것이합리적일것이다. 반면, EBUS-TBNA 에비해비교적많은양의조직을얻을수있는장점이있기때문에 EBUS- TBNA 또는다른진단기법으로진단이내려지지않은경우이차적으로세로칸내시경술을고려하는것이비용효과면에서볼때합당할것이다. 흉부림프절에육아종을형성하는질환은사르코이드증외에도결핵, 베릴륨증 (berylliosis) 등의감염증과림프종모양육아종증 (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) 과같은악성종양이있으며이를비교적적은양의검체를얻게되는 EBUS-TBNA 로진단하기에는무리가있다는의견도있다 19,20. 이에대한보완책으로본연구에서는시술전환자병력에대해철저히검토하였으며사르코이드증의보조적인진단수단으로투베르쿨린검사와혈청안지오텐신전환효소, 24시간소변칼슘등을측정하여진단에만전을기했다. 또한, EBUS-TBNA 로얻은모든림프절에대해항산성염색과결핵균 PCR, washing cytology 를시행하여기타감염증및악성종양을배제하기위해노력하였다. EBUS-TBNA 를이용하여폐를침범하는사르코이드증의진단이가능함을이미여러국외논문에서밝힌바있으며, 본연구결과 EBUS-TBNA 의진단정확도 84% 로타연구와비교해서크게떨어지지않는다. 다만, 본연구는진단에있어 gold standard 인세로칸내시경으로확진된환자들을대상으로한것이아니며 EBUS-TBNA 가양성일경우사르코이드증으로확진하였다는점, 즉 EBUS-TBNA 의양성예측도가 100% 라는가정하에진행되었기때문에이는연구방법론상제한점이될수있겠다. 결론적으로 EBUS-TBNA 는사르코이드증진단에유용하고임상적으로쉽게활용할수있는검사이며다른검사에비해부작용이적은비교적안전한검사이다. 참고문헌 1. Boeck C. Multiple benign sarkoid of the skin. J Cutan Genitourin Dis 1899;17: Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 2007;357: Lynch JP 3rd, Kazerooni EA, Gay SE. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 1997;18: Trisolini R, Tinelli C, Cancellieri A, Paioli D, Alifano M, Boaron M, et al. Transbronchial needle aspiration in 271

6 WY Kim et al: EBUS for pulmonary sarcoidosis sarcoidosis: yield and predictors of a positive aspirate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135: Wang KP, Fuenning C, Johns CJ, Terry PB. Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989;98: Morales CF, Patefield AJ, Strollo PJ Jr, Schenk DA. Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest 1994;106: Leonard C, Tormey VJ, O'Keane C, Burke CM. Bronchoscopic diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 1997;10: Bilaçeroğlu S, Perim K, Günel O, Cağirici U, Büyükşirin M. Combining transbronchial aspiration with endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy in sarcoidosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1999;54: Trisolini R, Lazzari Agli L, Cancellieri A, Poletti V, Tinelli C, Baruzzi G, et al. The value of flexible transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of stage I sarcoidosis. Chest 2003;124: Oki M, Saka H, Kitagawa C, Tanaka S, Shimokata T, Kawata Y, et al. Real-time endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration is useful for diagnosing sarcoidosis. Respirology 2007;12: Krasnik M, Vilmann P, Larsen SS, Jacobsen GK. Preliminary experience with a new method of endoscopic transbronchial real time ultrasound guided biopsy for diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lesions. Thorax 2003; 58: Garwood S, Judson MA, Silvestri G, Hoda R, Fraig M, Doelken P. Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest 2007;132: Joyner LR, Scheinhorn DJ. Transbronchial forceps lung biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope: diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary disease. Chest 1975;67: Koonitz CH, Joyner LR, Nelson RA. Transbronchial lung biopsy via the fiberoptic bronchoscope in sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med 1976;85: Tremblay A, Stather DR, Maceachern P, Khalil M, Field SK. A randomized controlled trial of standard vs endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. Chest 2009;136: Gupta D, Mahendran C, Aggarwal AN, Joshi K, Jindal SK. Endobronchial vis a vis transbronchial involvement on fiberoptic bronchoscopy in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2001;18: Chapman JT, Mehta AC. Bronchoscopy in sarcoidosis: diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9: Reich JM, Brouns MC, O'Connor EA, Edwards MJ. Mediastinoscopy in patients with presumptive stage I sarcoidosis: a risk/benefit, cost/benefit analysis. Chest 1998;113: Baughman RP, Iannuzzi MC. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis: when is a peek good enough? Chest 2000;117: Itoh T, Kobayashi D, Shiratuchi N, Rensha K, Minami K. Case of overlapping cancers complicated with sarcoidosis. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2009;47:

untitled

untitled DOI: 10.4046/trd.2011.70.5.433 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2011;70:433-437 CopyrightC2011. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

歯채민병.PDF

歯채민병.PDF Patient number Sex Age Animal contact 1 F 36 No 2 F 31 Cat scratch Result of biopsy/aspiration cytology of lymph nodes Chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, compatible with tuberculous

More information

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation Doo Min Sohn, Hyo Won Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Dan Song, Sung Yong Kim, Chul Wan Lim and Min Hyuk Lee Department of Surgery, College of

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770> 산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,

More information

Kaes017.hwp

Kaes017.hwp 갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.

More information

6.Kaes013( ).hwp

6.Kaes013( ).hwp 갑상선결핵 - 증례보고및문헌고찰 Tuberculosis of the Thyroid Gland - Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literatures Se Yeom Park, M.D., Jong Geun Lee, M.D., Bong Ok Yoo, M.D., Oh Kyoung Kwon, M.D. and Myoung Jin Joo,

More information

<30372EC1F5B7CA D C0E5C5C2BFF82E687770>

<30372EC1F5B7CA D C0E5C5C2BFF82E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 78 권제 1 호 2010 증례 09-190 초음파기관지경침흡인술로진단된신세포암의종격동림프절전이 1예 고신대학교의과대학복음병원 1 내과, 2 병리과, 3 메리놀병원내과 이송주 1 이규진 1 정현주 1 장태원 1 허방 2 최익수 3 A case of renal cell carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Trd022.hwp

Trd022.hwp 김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

내시경 conference

내시경 conference 부울경소화기내시경학회 6월집담회 고신대학교복음병원소화기내과전임의서광일 F/63 CASE C.C) epigastric pain for 2 wks P. I) 2014.04.16 EGD at LMC adm via OPD for further evaluation. P. Hx) CASE HTN/DM/Hepatitis/Tbc (+/+/-/-) S. Hx) N-S ROS)

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

untitled

untitled Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 19, No. 6, December 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2012.19.6.364 Case Report 다량의복수로발현된사르코이드증 1 예 이수진 1 ㆍ김은혜 1 ㆍ김영숙 1 ㆍ송제은 1 ㆍ정수진 2 ㆍ이천균 2 장명희 2 ㆍ강중구 3 ㆍ최윤정 4 ㆍ박수미

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 역류성식도질환제대로이해하기 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Jae-Young Jang, M.D., PhD. 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 109 최신치료

More information

SPCP.PDF

SPCP.PDF 1-1 1-2 1 1 ( ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ), 1 ( ), ( ) ( ) 30, 30 1, +1%, 1 2 1 15 ( ) 1,, 1 3, ( ), 1 ( 210 ) 3 2, 4 9(1 ) 5 5 1 2 3, 4 5 ( ) 6 1 1 14, 21( ) 1 15 6, 21 ( ) 1 7 ( 7 )1 ( 1 ) 8 1 6 6 1, 2 ( ) 9 1

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy 2013. 2. 2 대한간암연구학회 7차 심포지움 및 학술대회 Indication and Clinical Outcomes of Metachronous HCC Metastasectomy Shin Hwang Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원

지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원 지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 1110550 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 1 2 3 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원 성명류근원전공외과 세부과제명 세부과제책임자 성명 소속 ( 직위 ) 전공 총연구기간 2011

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz

More information

(국.영문)

(국.영문) 국소진행성비소세포폐암환자의종격동림프절전이확인을위한초음파기관지내시경을이용한세침흡인술의임상적유용성 연세대학교대학원 의학과 김은영 국소진행성비소세포폐암환자의종격동림프절전이확인을위한초음파기관지내시경을이용한세침흡인술의임상적유용성 지도교수김세규 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함 2011 년 6 월 연세대학교대학원 의학과 김은영 김은영의석사학위논문을인준함 심사위원김세규인 심사위원정경영인

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR 6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

±è¹ÎÁö

±è¹ÎÁö 531 김민지 외: 미숙아에 발생한 의인성 식도천공과 기종격증 및 종격동염 A B C D E F Fig. 1. Chest radiographs and CT scans of a premature infant. Chest radiograph at 6 days after birth (A) shows left paravertebral radiolucency at the

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Investment Proposal

Investment Proposal SonoEye TM 소개 유방초음파영상검색시스템 2005. 2. 캐드임팩트 www.cadimpact.com 내용 1. 유방암동향및진단 2. 제품소개 2 선진국시장에서상업화된 CAD 시스템들 R2 Mammography ( 유방암 ) 1,500 systems until 2004. 10. (about 200,000$) icad Mammography R2 & icad

More information

¼Û±âÇõ

¼Û±âÇõ 223 Table 1. Results of FEV 1.0, Methacholine Challenge Test, and Exercise Provocation Test in Eight Patients Who Performed PFT Pts Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FEV 1.0 (%pred) 66.6 88.8 120 101 90.5 95.4 91.6

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Jkss hwp

Jkss hwp 급성복증을보이는감염성요막관기형 Infected Urachal Remnants with Symtoms of the Acute Abdomen: The Differential Diagnosis & Proper Management Jan Dy Lee, M.D., Chee Young Lim, M.D. 1, Hyoung Il Kim, M.D. 1, Chul Woon Chung,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770>

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770> 醫 史 學 제18권 제2호(통권 제35호) 2009년 12월 Korean J Med Hist 18ː57 72 18ː173-188 Dec. Dec. 2009 2009 C 大 韓 醫 史 學 會 ISSN ISSN 1225 505X 1225-505X 지방병 연구와 식민지배 : 1927년 영흥 및 해남지역 에메틴 중독사건을 중심으로 신 규 환* 1. 머리말 2. 일제의

More information

9.ƯÁýb61Ç¿ÀÁ¤806~816’

9.ƯÁýb61Ç¿ÀÁ¤806~816’ J KMA Special Issue Won Jung Koh, MD O Jung Kwon, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine E mail : wjkoh@smc.samsung.co.kr

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

Jkbcs042.hwp

Jkbcs042.hwp Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from Axillary Accessory Breast Tae Wan Kim, Sang Wook Kang, Ji Young Park 2, Seung Sang Ko 1, Min Hee Hur 1, Hae Kyung Lee 1, Sung Soo Kang 1, and Jee Hyun Lee 1 Department

More information

CASE REPORT J Rhinol 2015;22(2): pissn / eissn 비인두에서발생한원발성결핵

CASE REPORT J Rhinol 2015;22(2): pissn / eissn 비인두에서발생한원발성결핵 CASE REPORT J Rhinol 2015;22(2):123-127 http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2015.22.2.123 pissn 1229-1498 / eissn 2384-4361 www.ksrhino.or.kr 비인두에서발생한원발성결핵 2 례 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원이비인후과학교실 조영상 최나연 김효열 A Two Cases

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

< DC3D6C0AFC1F82E687770>

< DC3D6C0AFC1F82E687770> 기관지탄분섬유화증의임상양상 건양대학교의과대학내과학교실, 호흡기내과학교실임동미, 손지웅, 최유진 The Clinical Characteristics of Endobronchial Anthracofibrotic Pigmentation Dongmee Lim, M.D., Jiwoong Son, M.D., Eugene Choi, M.D. Department of Internal

More information

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

..........5-45..

..........5-45.. K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 45 www.cdc.go.kr 2012 11 9 5 45 ISSN:2005-811X Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on non-tertiary hospitals

More information

<30342EC0CCBAB4C8C42E687770>

<30342EC0CCBAB4C8C42E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 74 권부록 1 호 2008 복부초음파상특이소견을보이며간비대를동반한간의유육종증 1 예 순천향대학교의과대학내과학교실 1, 임상병리학교실 2 이병후 1 김한조 1 이호영 1 장재영 1 진소영 2 심찬섭 1 김부성 1 A case of hepatic sarcoidosis Byung-Hoo Lee, M.D. 1, Han-Jo Kim, M.D.

More information

Crt114( ).hwp

Crt114( ).hwp cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

........-55..9.30

........-55..9.30 MYONGJI ST. MARY S HOSPITAL EXCELLENT STROKE TREATMENT CENTER The president of Myongji St. Mary s Hospital M.D. HUH, CHOON WOONG Graduated from Seoul Catholic Medical College. Achived M.D. in Neurosurgeon.

More information

Kaes025.hwp

Kaes025.hwp 고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information