식물병연구 Note Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 23(3) : (2017) Analysis of the Cause of the Twig Blight on Mu

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1 식물병연구 Note Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 23(3) : (2017) Analysis of the Cause of the Twig Blight on Mulberry Based on the Weather Conditions * *Corresponding author Tel: Fax: kimjuhee@korea.kr Ju-Hee Kim*, In-Young Choi, Ju Kim, and Jang-Ho Lee Division of Climate Change Response, Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan 54591, Korea Received May 11, 2017 Revised July 20, 2017 Accepted July 20, 2017 The twig blight of mulberry caused by Fusarium lateritium occurs mainly in Buan area, which is the main area of mulberry. The initial symptom on twigs showed dark edge blight and dark orange tiny particles on the spot, and it was withered and died. In the case of mulberry twig blight, the difference in the degree of occurrence between the years is intense, and an average of 2.7% occurred in Buan in 2013, but in 2014, it was difficult to search for the generated fields. In order to find the cause of the difference in the incidence of mulberry twig blight, we investigated and analyzed the weather conditions during cultivation and as a result, the occurrence of the disease increased under the condition that the temperature of the spring was lower and the number of days passing below the winter freezing point increased. In addition, it was analyzed that the occurrence of the next year increases when the rainfall is high and the number of sunshine is low after removing the harvested branches. Therefore, in the event that weather conditions causing twig blight diseases have elapsed, it is necessary to prevent the disease by spraying the registered applied fungicide prophylactically. Keywords: Mulberry, Twig blight, Weather condition (Kim, 2002) (Kim, 2004). 1,751 ha (2011), 70% 390 ha 23.3% Research in Plant Disease pissn , eissn (MIFAFF, 2012).,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, The Korean Society of Plant Pathology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

284 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 (Yoon, 1994). (Sung, 2013) (Hong, 2007)... 2... 2013 2014 2 3 6 1-2.,, 20,. 10, 10 100. 4 6.., (Fig. 1). 5-6. 25%, 2013 2.7%(0-25%). 2014, (Table 1).

2 284 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 (Yoon, 1994). (Sung, 2013) (Hong, 2007) ,, 20,. 10, , (Fig. 1) %, %(0-25%). 2014, (Table 1).. 1% NaOCl 3 potato dextrose agar Fig. 1. Symptoms of twig blight of mulberry (Morus alba) caused by Fusarium lateritium in field. Table 1. The disease incidences of twig blight in mulberry in Buangun of Jeonbuk province during 2013 to 2014 Year 25 o C mm. GENIII microstation (Biolog, USA) carbon source utilization, chemical sensitivity reaction (sequencing data analysis (MicroseqID v2.0-abi)) Fusarium lateritium cm cfu/ml 25 o C. 14. Disease incidence* (%) Apr. 4 Apr. 21 May 2 May 15 Jun *Number of diseased twig blight/number of surveyed twig 100..

3 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No ,. (Sengupta, 1991) , o C 96.9 mm (Table 2) (Fig. 2). (Kim, 2009; Nam, 1998) , (Table 3). (2012 ) Table 2. Monthly precipitation and average atmospheric temperature in spring from April to June during the growing season of mulberry in Buan-gun of Jeonbuk province during Month Precipitation (mm) Temperature ( o C) Apr May Jun Cumulative amount/ave Compared to a lot of years (2013) (2013 ) mm 39.4 h (Table 4) ,. Minamizawa (1997), Saito Table 3. Number of days of below zero temperature just before sprouting from flower buds of mulberry in Buan-gun of Jeonbuk province during Year Mar. 1 Mar. 31 Mar. 15 Mar Compared to a lot of years (2013) 10 Table 4. Monthly precipitation and total sunshine time after removing fruit bearing branch of the previous year of surveyed for disease occurrence Month Accumulation precipitation (mm) 7 Total sunshine time (h) Aug Sep Oct Cumulative amount Compared to a lot of years (2012) Fig. 2. Minimum temperature during January to April during the growing season of mulberry in Buan-gun of Jeonbuk province during

4 286 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 Matuo (1977), Shirata (1980). (Ryu Oh, 1971; Ryu, 1974) , (Ozawa Suzuki, 1988) 2012, Fusarium lateritium.,.. Fusarium lateritium % 2014.,.. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing and commercial interests in this work. Acknowledgement This work was carried out with the support of Cooperate Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development Rural Development Administration, Korea (PJ009663, PJ ). References Hong, S. K., Kim, W. G., Sung, G. B., Nam, S. H. and Kim, J. S Aspects of popcorn disease occurrence on mulberry fruits in Korea. Res. Plant Dis. 13: (In Korean) Kim, H. B., Kim, A. J. and Kim, S. Y The analysis of functional materials in mulberry fruit and food product development trends. Food Sci. Ind. 36: (In Korean) Kim, H. B., Sung, G. B., Hong, I. P. and Nam, H. W Fruity characteristics of mulberry varieties for the production of fruit. Korean J. Seric. Sci. 46: (In Korean) Kim, S. H., Seo, H. H., Cho, J. G., Jeon, S. J., Kwon, Y. S. and Jeong, Y. R Studies on adaptability and influence evaluation for suitable zone in horticultural crop with temperature rising. In: Annual Research Rural Development Administration Agenda 5, ed. by S. J. Kang, pp RDA, Suwon, Korea. (In Korean) MIFAFF Agricultural statistic on silkworm rearing and current state of sericulture in pp Minamizawa, K., Hirano, H. and Kurioka, A Symptoms and disease outbreak of twig blight on mulberry. In: Moriculture Science of Mulberry Cultivation, ed. by A. A. Balkema, pp CRC press, Roterdam, The Netherlands. Nam, S. Y., Kim, S. K., Kim, K. M., Jung, J. H. and Choi, K. S The differences of temperatures, growth and crown gall occurrence in young Kyoho grapevines according to heat conservation materials during winter. Korean. J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 16: (In Korean) Ozawa, T. and Suzuki, S Outbreak of blight disease on mulberry twig and this affecting factors, occurred in 1987, in Iwate prefecture. Tohoku Agric. Res. 41: Ryu, K. S Studies on the control of bud blight of mulberry

5 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No tree when intermediate-cutting harvest in autumn. Korean J. Seric. Sci. 16: (In Korean) Ryu, K. S. and Oh, J. S A study on occurrence of mulberry magare blight disease by the cutting time and cutting height of mulberry tree in autumn. Korean J. Seric. Sci. 13: (In Korean) Saito, H. and Matuo, T Fusarium species and cultivars detected from the air or raindrops in Fusarium-blight-occurring mulberry fields. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 46: Sengupta, K., Govindaiah and Kumar, P Fungal diseases of mulberry & their control. In: Diseases and Pests of Mulberry and Their Control, ed. by A. K. Ganguly, pp Jwalamukhi Job press, Bangalore, India. Shirata, A., Itot, S. S., Takahashi, K. and Ishie, T Effect of temperature on fungal growth and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from mulberry twig blight and tolerance of the isolates to the antifungal substances originating from the mulberry shoots. Bull. Seri. Exp. Stn. (Japan) 27: Sung, G. B., Kim, K. Y. and Ji, S. D Survey and analysis of mulberry tree for mulberry production. J. Seric. Entomol. Sci. 51: Yoon, H. J., Kim, Y. T., Jin, K. S. and Park, I. G Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria from branch rot of mulberry. RDA. J. Agri. Sci. 36: (In Korean)

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