A

Transcription

1 미국 선거관리 위원회 2008 Glossary of key election terminology Korean 핵심 선거 용어집 한국어

2 미국 선거관리 위원회 2008 Glossary of key election terminology Korean 핵심 선거 용어집 한국어

3 Published 2008 U.S. Election Assistance Commission 1225 New York Avenue, NW Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005

4 Glossary of key election terminology / 핵심 선거 용어집 Contents Background... 1 Process... 2 How to use this glossary... 3 Pronunciation Guide for Key Terms... 3 Comments... 4 About EAC... 4 English Korean... 9 Korean English 목차 배경... 5 과정... 6 용어집 사용법... 6 비고... 7 EAC에 대해서... 7 영어 한국어... 9 한국어 영어... 75

5

6 Glossary of key election terminology 1 Background In 1979, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) published a series of reports under The National Clearinghouse on Election Administration (NCEA) to assist election officials in their efforts to provide election services to groups identified by Section 203 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) as language minorities. The purpose of the reports was to provide guidance to state and local election officials for (1) identifying their language minority populations, (2) providing bilingual registration services, and (3) providing bilingual balloting services. The threevolume series consisted of: A Handbook of Ideas for Local Election Officials, A Glossary of Common Spanish Election Terminology, and A State of the Art Report. The ideas and recommendations contained in these reports were not designed as legal guidelines for complying with the provisions of the VRA nor were election officials required to consider or adopt them. In 2002, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) established the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to assist in the administration of Federal elections and to otherwise provide assistance with the administration of certain Federal election laws and programs, to establish minimum election administration standards for States and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of Federal elections, and for other purposes (P.L ). Section 202 of HAVA directs the EAC to serve as a national clearinghouse and resource for the compilation of information and review of procedures with respect to the administration of Federal elections by adopting voluntary voting systems guidelines; providing for the testing, certification, decertification, and recertification of voting system hardware and software; and by conducting research and activities that promote the effective administration of elections. Furthermore, Sections 241 (b)(5) and (14) of HAVA allow the EAC to conduct studies and other activities that address: 1) methods of ensuring the accessibility of voting, registration, polling places, and voting to all voters, including individuals with disabilities (including the blind and visually impaired), Native American or Alaska Native citizens, and voters with limited proficiency in the English language, and 2) the technical feasibility of providing voting materials in eight or more languages for voters who speak those languages and who have limited English proficiency. HAVA also transferred to the EAC all functions which the FEC s Office of Election Administration exercised before the date of the enactment HAVA, including the maintenance of the National Mail-In Voter Registration Form. To initiate the process of meeting these requirements, the EAC convened two meetings to provide guidance to the Commission on research to address barriers faced by language minorities to the election process. The first meeting focused on Spanish-speaking voters (August 2005) and the second focused on voters from the Asian and Pacific Islander American communities (April 2006). Both of these meetings included discussions on the readability and usability of the National Mail-In Voter Registration Form and updating the FEC s A Glossary of Common Spanish Election Terminology. The meetings were comprised of local election officials, Congressional staff members, national advocacy groups, and research and public policy organizations. As a result of these meetings, the EAC established the Language Accessibility Program (LAP) to conduct research and other activities to assist election officials in meeting the needs of voters with limited English-proficiency. The first activity of LAP was the development and publication of the 2007 Glossary of Key Election Terminology [English/Spanish and Spanish/ English]. Similar to the FEC s 1979 glossary, the main purpose of the EAC glossary is to assist state and local election officials in providing translated election materials that are culturally and linguistically appropriate. Due to the need for a similar glossary for each of the five Asian languages covered by the Voting Rights Act and the large success of the Spanish glossary, the EAC has

7 2 U.S. Election Assistance Commission proceeded with translating the glossary into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog, and Vietnamese. Therefore, it is with great pleasure that the EAC presents its 2008 Glossary of Key Election Terminology [English/Korean and Korean/English]. These are neither complete definitions and translations nor exclusive rules of usage. However, the establishment of uniform election terminology may prove beneficial for ensuring access to the electoral system regardless of a voter s country of origin or place of residence in the United States. The EAC also expects to use these glossaries as the basis for translating the National Mail-In Voter Registration Form and other EAC materials into these five Asian languages. Process The EAC glossary includes a total of 1,843 terms and phrases used in the administration of elections in the United States. The glossary contains the original words from the FEC s glossary. In addition, new words and phrases were compiled from a review of the informational materials made available on each state s election website. This included, but was not limited to: voter guides/pamphlets; registration forms; voting systems and their components; Election Day forms and materials; sample ballots; and state/local election glossaries. In addition, the terms found in the 2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) glossary were also incorporated, along with their definitions, as they appear in the VVSG. As terms and phrases were considered for inclusion in the glossary, they were reviewed for their degree of usage, specificity to elections, and similarity to other phrases. In September 2006, the EAC contracted with Compass Languages to provide for the translation of the glossary into the five Asian languages. To ensure the translations were culturally and linguistically appropriate, terms were translated by Compass multi-dialect team of professional translators. In addition, for each language the draft translations were reviewed by a group of stakeholders with expertise in the target language and subject matter to expertise in the target languages and subject matter. The stakeholder groups included representatives from the organizations that participated in the EAC s Asian languages meeting. At times, more than one translation was considered to be appropriate and widely accepted. In such cases, all of the possible translations were included in the glossary and are left to the user to decide which translation suits his or her needs and target population. However, the translation most commonly accepted and appropriate in the context of elections is listed first. State and local election officials are encouraged to work cooperatively with each other and with members of the target population to develop and review translated election materials that are suitable for their State and local communities. The EAC would like to acknowledge the following organizations for their time and assistance in ensuring the quality of the translations provided in the EAC s Asian languages glossaries: Asian Pacific American Legal Center Filipino American Service Group (FASGI) King County, Washington Korean American Resource and Cultural Center Korean Resource Center (Los Angeles) Little Tokyo Service Center (Los Angeles) Los Angeles County, California National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC) Organization of Chinese Americans (OCA)

8 Glossary of key election terminology 3 How to use this glossary Relationships between the terms were established during the translation process and cross-references were included in the glossary for a substantial number of the terms to assist the user in identifying similar terms and phrases. Furthermore, there were glossary entries which were identified as requiring an example of the term or phrase used in context, and these appear at the end of the translation. Pronunciation Guide for Key Terms English Korean Pronunciation absentee ballot 부재자 투표용지 Boo-jae-jah Too-pyo-yong-jee accessible facility 접근가능 편의시설 Jub-koon-kah-noong Pyun-uh-shi-sul accessible voting station 접근 가능 투표 장소 Jub-koon-kah-noong Too-pyo-jang-so advanced ballot 사전 투표용지 Sa-jun Too-pyo-yong-jee alternative ballot 대안 투표 Dae-ahn Too-pyo assistance to vote 선거 보조 Sun-guh Bo-jo audio ballot 음성 투표지 Um-sung Too-pyo-jee ballot 투표용지 Too-pyo-yong-jee ballot box 투표함 Too-pyo-Hahm ballot measure 투표용지 법안 Too-pyo-yong-jee Bub-ahn candidate 후보자 Who-bo-jah cast your ballot 투표 하십시오 Too-pyo-ha-shib-si-oh cast your vote 투표 하십시오 Too-pyo-ha-shib-si-oh challenged ballot 이의 제기된 투표용지 Yi-oui-je-gee-dwen Too-pyo-yong-jee early voting 조기 투표 Jo-gi Too-pyo election 선거 Sun-guh election board 선거 위원회 Sun-guh Wee-won-hwey Election Day 선거일 Sun-guh il emergency ballot 비상 투표용지 Bee-sang Too-pyo-yong-jee political party 정당 Jung Dang political party affiliation 정당가입 Jung Dang Gah-yip poll book 선거인 명부 Sun-guh-in Myung-boo poll worker 투표 직원 Too-pyo Jik-won polling place 투표장소 Too-pyo jang so provisional ballot 잠정적 투표용지 Jam-jung-juk Too-pyo-yong-jee registration status 등록 자격 Doong-rok Ja-gyok voter 유권자 Yoo-kwon-ja voter identification 유권자 신분증명서 Yoo-kwon-ja Shin-boon-joong-myung suh voter registration application 유권자 등록 신청서 Yoo-kwon-ja Doong-rok -shin-chung-suh voting machine 투표 장비 Too-pyo jang bee

9 4 U.S. Election Assistance Commission Comments The EAC welcomes and encourages comments on this glossary and its contents; they will greatly assist in improving the glossary s quality and usefulness. Revisions to terms and translations will be conducted on an as-needed basis and will be made available on the EAC website at For more information about this project or to request additional copies of this or any other EAC publication, please contact the EAC toll-free at or via at HAVAinfo@eac.gov. About the EAC The EAC is an independent, bipartisan agency created by the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA). It was established to assist in the administration of Federal elections and provide assistance with the administration of certain Federal election laws and programs. The EAC provides assistance by dispersing, administering, and auditing Federal funds for States to implement HAVA requirements, conducting studies and other activities to promote the effective administration of Federal elections, and serving as a national clearinghouse and resource of information regarding election administration. In addition, HAVA requires the EAC to adopt the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines and to establish a program for the testing, certification, decertification, and recertification of voting system hardware and software.

10 핵심 선거 용어집 5 배경 1979년에, 미 연방선거위원회는 소수민 언어로서 투표법 203섹션을 통해 확인된 그룹에게 선거 서비스를 제공하기 위한 일환으로 선거위원회를 돕기 위해 선거 관리 국가 정보센터(NCEA)에 따른 일련의 보고서를 간행하였습니다. 이 보고서의 목적은 주나 해당지역 선거위원회에게 지침을 제공하기 위한 것으로 (1) 소수민 언어 주민수를 확인하고, (2) 이중 언어로된 등록 서비스의 제공과 (3)이중 언어로 된 투표용지 서비스를 제공하는데 있습니다. 3권으로 된 시리즈는 해당지역 선거관리위원 회를 위한 아이디어 핸드북, 일반 스페인어 선거전문 용어집, 기술 현황 보고서로 되어있습니다. 이 보고서에 있는 아이디어나 권고사항은 투표법 조항의 준수를 위한 법적 지침으로 의도된 것이 아니며, 그 조항의 고려나 채택을 위해 요청되는 선거관리 위원회도 아닙니다. 2002년의, 미국민투표 지원법(HAVA)은 연방정부 선거 집행을 돕고, 반면에 일부 연방정부 선거법과 프로그램을 지원하고, 주(state)나 연방정부 선거집행의 책임을 지는 지방 자치부, 및 기타 목적을 위해서 선거지원위원회(EAC)를 설립했습니다. (P.L ). HAVA 202섹션으로 자율적 투표 시스템 지침을 채택하여, 투표 시스템의 소프트웨어나 하드웨어의 검사나, 인증, 인증취소 및 재인증 제공이나 또는 선거의 효율적 집행을 장려하는 조사나 활동 수행을 통해 정보 편찬 자료 정보센터로서의 역할과 연방정부 선거집행에 관련한 절차들을 검토하기 위해 EAC를 지휘 감독합니다. 더불어, HAVA의 섹션 241 (b)(5) 와 (14) 는 EAC로 연구나 기타 다음에서 제기되는 활동들을 수행하게 합니다: 1)투표 및 등록, 투표장소, 장애(맹인 및 시각장애)를 가진 개개인은 물론, 영어 사용에 제한이 있는 유권자나 미국 원주민이나, 알라스카 원주민등을 포함한 모든 유권자들의 투표가 가능할 수 있게 하는 방법을 보장하기 위한 방법, 2) 영어사용에 한계가 있는 사람이나 이런 한계점을 가지고 영어를 사용하는 8 개이상의 언어로 된 투표자료 제공의 기술적 실행 가능성과, HAVA는 또한 국가 우편 유권자 등록 양식서의 보존은 물론, HAVA 법률제정일 전에 실행된 미 연방선거위윈회의 선거집행임무의 모든 기능도 EAC로 이전합니다. 이러한 요구사항에 부합하는 과정을 착수하기 위해서, EAC는 선거과정에 소수민 언어 사용자가 직면한 장벽을 해결하기 위해 조사 위원회에 지침 제공을 위해 2번의 모임을 소집했습니다. 그 첫번 모임은 스페인어 사용 유권자들에게 집중되었고(2005년 8월), 두번째 모임에서는 아시아 및 태평양군도 미국 커뮤니티에 집중되었습니다. (2006년 4월) 이 두 모임을 통해서 국가 우편 유권자 등록 양식서가 읽기 가능하며 사용 가능한지에 대한 논의 및 업데이트에 관한 미 연방선거위원회의 일반 스페인어 선거전문 용어집의 논의가 있었습니다. 이 모임은 해당지역 선거관리 위원회나, 미의회 실무진, 국가 옹호단체, 및 연구단체 및 공공 정책 기관으로 구성되었습니다. 이 모임의 결과로서, EAC는 영어 사용에 제한이 있는 유권자들의 필요에 맞게 선거 관리위원회를 지원하는 조사나 기타 활동들을 실행하기 위해서 언어 장애없이 선거가 가능한 프로그램 (Language Accessibility Program)을 제정했습니다. 그 첫번 언어 장애 없이 선거가 가능한 프로그램 (LAP)활동으로는 2007년도 핵심 선거전문 용어집[영어/스페인어 및 스페인어 /영어]의 개발과 발간이 있었습니다. 미 연방선거위원회의 1979년판 용어집과 비슷한, EAC용어집의 주 목적은 번역된 선거자료들이 문화적으로, 언어적으로 적절하게 제공되므로서 주(state)나 해당지역 선거관리 위원회를 돕기 위한 것입니다. 투표법에 해당되는 5개 아시아국 언어를 위한 비슷한 용어집의 필요에 기인해서 또는 스페인어 용어집의 상당한 성공으로 인해, EAC는 중국어, 일본어, 한국어, 타갈로그어, 베트남어로 된 번역을 착수하였습니다. 그러므로, EAC가 2008년도, 핵심 선거전문 용어집[영어/한국어] 및 [한국어/영어]을 제공하게 된점을 아주 기쁘게 생각합니다. 이 용어집은 완전한 정의나 번역에 해당되지 않으며, 한정된 사용법도 아닙니다. 하지만, 통일된 선거 전문 용어의 확립은 유권자 본국이나 미국내 거주지에 관계없이 선거시스템에 이르게 하는 것을 확실히 하는데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 또한 EAC 는 5개의 아시아 언어로 국가 우편 유권자 등록 양식서와 기타 EAC자료를 번역하는 데 기초로서 이 용어집을 사용할 수 있기를 기대합니다.

11 6 핵심 선거 용어집 과정 EAC용어집은 미국내의 선거 집행시에 사용되는 총 1,843용어와 구를 담고 있습니다. 이 용어집에는 미선거위원회 용어집의 본래 용어들을 담고 있습니다. 또한, 새 단어와 구는 각 주(state)의 선거 웹사이트에서 유효했던 정보자료 검토를 통해 편집되었습니다. 여기서는 다음을 포함하지만, 제한하지는 않습니다: 유권자 가이드나/팜플렛; 등록 양식서; 투표 시스템과 자체 구성부품; 선거일 양식 및 자료; 견본 투표용지; 주/해당지역 선거 용어집 또한, 2005년도, 자율 투표 시스템 지침서(VVSG)의 용어집에서 볼 수 있는 용어는 그 정의와 함께VVSG에서 볼 수 있는 것 같이 통합되었습니다. 이 용어집에 포함하기 위해서 고려된 용어나 구의 경우, 그 사용정도나,선거에 대한 특별의미, 또는 다른 구와 비슷한 정도를 검토했습니다. 2006년 9월에, EAC는 이 용어집을 5개의 아시아어로 용어집을 번역하도록 Compass Languages와 계약을 맺었습니다. 이 번역이 문화적으로 언어적으로 적절한지를 보장하기 위해서, 용어는 Compass사의 다수-해당국 언어 (multi-dialect)전문 번역팀에 의해서 번역이 되었습니다. 더불어, 각나라의 초고 번역은 번역되는 언어나 주제에 있어서 전문 관계자 그룹에 의해서 검토가 되었습니다. 관계자 그룹에는 EAC 의 아시아 언어 모임 참석했던 기관 관계자들이 포함되어 있습니다. 때로는, 한개 이상의 번역이 적절한 것으로 간주되었거나 광범위하게 수용되기도 했습니다. 이런 경우, 가능한 모든 번역은 용어집에 포함되었으며, 목표하는 집단에 맞는 번역이 어떤것인지를 사용자가 판단하도록 그 가능한 모든 번역을 남겨 놓았습니다. 그렇지만, 선거용어 문맥에서 일반적으로 수용되었거나 적절한것은 제일순위로 나열했습니다. 주 (state)나 해당지역 선거관리 위원회는 주나 해당지역 커뮤니티에 적당한 번역 선거자료들을 개발하고 검토하기 위해서 목표하는 집단의 일원과 더불어 서로 협력하여 일할 것을 권장하고 있습니다. EAC는 EAC아시아어 용어집에서 제공하고 있는 번역의 질을 보장하기 위해 그들의 시간과 지원을 한 다음의 기관에 대해서 사의를 표명 하기를 원합니다: 아시아 태평양 어메리칸 법률 센터 필리핀 어메리칸 서비스 그룹 (FASGI) 킹 카운티, 워싱턴 한미 자원 문화 센터 한국 연구 센터 (로스 앤젤레스) 리틀 도쿄 서비스 센터 (로스 앤젤레스) 로스 앤젤레스 카운티, 캘리포니아 미주 한인 봉사 교육단체 협의회 (NAKASEC) 중미 단체(OCA) 용어집 사용법 용어간의 관계는 번역 과정중에 설정되었으며 상호참조는 비슷한 용어나 구를 확인할시에 사용자들을 지원하기 위해 많은 용어의 수를 용어집에 포함시켰습니다. 그 외에도, 용어 기재는 문장내에서 사용된 용어나 구의 실례에서 요구되는 것과 일치시켰으며, 이러한 것은 번역 끝부분에 나타납니다.

12 핵심 선거 용어집 7 비고 EAC는 이 용어집과 그 내용에 대한 의견을 주시기를 환영하며 권장하는 바입니다; 여러분의 의견은 용어집의 질과 유용성을 향상하는데 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 용어나 번역의 개정은 필요에 기초하여 실행될 것이며 EAC웹사이트 유효하게 됩니다. 이 프로젝트에 대한 보다 자세한 안내나 이 용어집의 추가사본의 요청이나 기타 EAC의 간행물에 대해서는 EAC장거리 무료전화 나 이메일 HAVAinfo@eac.gov.로 문의 하시기 바랍니다. EAC에 대해서 EAC는 2002년 선거지원법(HAVA)에 의해 만들어진 독립, 초당파적 기관입니다. EAC 는 연방정부의 선거집행을 지원하기 위해서 설립되었으며 일부 연방정부의 선거법과 프로그램의 집행을 지원하고 있습니다. EAC는 선거 집행에 관한 정보 공급원과 국가정보센터로서 역할을 하며, 연방정부 선거의 효과적인 집행을 권장하기 위해서 연구 및 기타 활동을 실행하며, HAVA 요건들을 실행하는데 주 (state)의 연방기금 분산이나, 집행이나 감사를 통한 지원을 제공합니다. 더불어, HAVA는 EAC로 자율 투표 시스템 지침을 채택하거나 투표 시스템의 하드웨어나 소프트웨어의 검사나 인증, 인증취소 및 재인증을 위한 프로그램을 수립 할 것을 요청하고 있습니다.

13

14 English to Korean 영어 한국어 U.S. Election Assistance Commission 미국 선거관리 위원회

15 A abandoned ballot: 폐기 투표용지 Definition: Ballot that the voter did not place in the ballot box or record as cast on DRE before leaving the polling place. absent: 부재 See also: absentee voter absentee: 부재자 absentee application: 부재자 투표 신청 absentee application form: 부재자 신청서 absentee ballot: 부재자 투표용지 See also: absentee vote Definition: Ballot cast by a voter unable to vote in person at his or her polling place on Election Day. absentee ballot request form: 부재자 투표 용지 요청서 absentee mail process: 부재자 투표 우편 처리과정 absentee procedures: 부재자 투표절차 absentee vote: 부재자 투표 See also: absentee ballot absentee voter: 부재 투표자 See also: absent absentee voter status: 부재 투표자 자격 absentee voting by mail: 우편을 통한 부재 투표 absolute majority: 절대 다수 abstain: 기권 acceptance of candidacy: 후보 수락 See also: candidate registration, running for office, candidate Example: Candidates file their acceptance of candidacy at the Secretary of State's office. (예: 후보자는 후보 수락을 국무장관실에 보고한다.) acceptance testing: 수락 시험, 승인 테스트 Definition: Examination of a voting system and its components by the purchasing election authority (usually in a simulated-use environment) to validate performance of delivered units in accordance with procurement requirements, and to validate that the delivered system is, in fact, the certified system purchased. access: 접근 See also: accessibility access (verb): 접근하다 Access Board; access board: 접근성 위원회;접근성 위원회 Definition: Independent federal agency whose primary mission is accessibility for people with disabilities and a leading source of information on accessible design. Access to Campaign Materials Act: 선거운동 자료 (Materials Act)의 이용법 accessibility:장애인을 위한 편의시설을 갖춘 것 See also: access GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 10

16 Definition: Measurable characteristics that indicate the degree to which a system is available to, and usable by, individuals with disabilities. The most common disabilities include those associated with vision, hearing and mobility, as well as cognitive disabilities. accessibility requirements: 장애인을 위한 편의시설이 갖춰야할 사항 accessible facility: 장애인을 위한 편의시설이 갖춰진 곳 See also: accessible voting station accessible voting station: 장애인을 위한 편의시설이 갖추어진 투표소 See also: accessible facility Definition: Voting station equipped for individuals with disabilities. accordance: 일치 Example: In accordance with the law. (예: 법에 부합해서) accreditation: 공식인정, 인가 Definition: Formal recognition that a laboratory is competent to carry out specific tests or calibrations. accreditation body: 인정기관 Definition: (1) Authoritative body that performs accreditation. (2) An independent organization responsible for assessing the performance of other organizations against a recognized standard, and for formally confirming the status of those that meet the standard. accuracy: 정확성 Definition: (1) Extent to which a given measurement agrees with an accepted standard for that measurement. (2) Closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the particular quantity subject to measurement. Accuracy is a qualitative concept and is not interchangeable with precision. Version 1.0 Volume I: Voting System Performance Guidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-4 accuracy for voting systems: 투표 시스템의 정확성 See also: minimum standard for accuracy of records, data accuracy, logic and accuracy (L&A) testing Definition: Ability of the system to capture, record, store, consolidate and report the specific selections and absence of selections, made by the voter for each ballot position without error. Required accuracy is defined in terms of an error rate that for testing purposes represents the maximum number of errors allowed while processing a specified volume of data. Accu-vote optical scan: 정확한 투표 광학 스캔 See also: optical scan ballots, optical scan system Act of Congress: 미연방 의회법률 See also: Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), Help America Vote Act (HAVA) acting: 행위 active candidates: 현재 유효한 후보자 active registered voter: 현재 유효한 등록 유권자 active status: 현행 자격 address change: 주소변경 adjudicated incompetent: 금치산자 판정 adjust the contrast of your ballot: 전자 투표시의 화면 밝기 조절 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 11

17 See also: electronic voting, electronic voting machine administer: 집행하다 administration: 집행, 행정 administrative code: 행정 조례 administrative complaint: 행정 고소 administrative rules: 행정 법규 See also: rule, Code of Federal Regulations adopt: 채택하다 Example: Voters adopted the proposed amendment. (예: 유권자는 제안된 개정안을 채택함.) advance(d) ballot: 사전 투표용지 advisory board member: 자문위원 advisory panel: 자문 토론 위원 advocate: 지지자 affidavit: 선서 진술서 See also: sworn statement form, sworn and subscribed to affidavit for absentee ballot: 부재자 투표를 위한 선서 진술서 affidavit of circulator: 유포자 선서 진술서 affidavit of identity: 신분증명 선서 진술서 affidavit of registration: 등록 선서진술서 affiliation: 정당 가입 See also: change in political affiliation, party affiliation Example: Party affiliation is not required to vote in these primary elections. (예: 예비 선거에서 투표하기 위해 어느 정당에 소속되는 것이 요구되지 않음.) affirmation: 단언 affix: 첨부하다 against: 반대 See also: vote no, vote against Example: The candidate ran against a strong opponent. (예: 후보자는 강력한 반대후보에 맞서 출마함.) alderman: 남성 시의회의원 alderwoman: 여성 시 의회 의원 allocate: 배분 See also: apportionment, reapportion Example: The winner receives all of the Electoral College votes allocated to that state. (예: 당선자는 주에 할당된 선거인단의 투표를 모두 받았음.) alternative ballot: 대안 투표 alternative format: 대안 형식 Definition: The ballot or accompanying information is said to be in an alternative format if it is in a representation other than the standard ballot language and format. amendment in whole or in part: 전체 또는 일부 개정 American Independent: 미국 독립 American Independent Party: 미국 독립당 American Party: 미국 정당 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): 미국 장애인법(ADA) GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 12

18 See also: handicapped, wheelchair accessible, disabled voters anonymous contributions: 익명 기부금 appeal:항소 See also: appeals process Example: The candidate appealed the court's decision upholding the election results. (예: 후보자는 선거결과를 지지하는 법정의 판결에 항소함.) appeals process: 항소 절차 appellate: 항소의 applicable: 적용가능한 applicant: 신청인 application: 신청 application for ballot by mail (ABBM): 우편을 통한 투표용지 신청 (ABBM) application form: 신청서 appoint: 지명하다 See also: appointee, appointment Example: The President appointed the commission's members with the advice and consent of the Senate. (예: 대통령은 상원의 동의와 조언으로 위원회원을 지명함.) appointed at large: 전 지역을 대표하여 임명 appointed incumbent: 임명된 재직자 appointed member: 임명원 appointed to serve until next general election: 다음 총선까지 일하도록 임명 appointee: 피임명인 See also: appoint, appointment Example: The appointee belonged to the minority party. (피지명인은 야당에 속함.) appointing authority: 임명 기관 appointment: 임명 See also: appoint, appointee Example: Two of the members shall be appointed for a term of two years. (예: 의원중의 2명이 2년 임직에 지명될 것임.) apportionment: 배당 See also: allocate, reapportion Example: Apportionment is the process of dividing the seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the 50 states. (예: 배당은 50주 가운데 미하원에 있는 의석을 분할하는 과정임.) appropriate: (의회가) 지출을 승인하다 See also: appropriation Example (v.): Congress appropriated funds in the amount of 3 million dollars for the effort. (예: 의회는 그 일에 대한 예산으로 3백만불 지출을 승인했다.) appropriation: 예산안 See also: appropriate Example: Congress approved the appropriation of funds in the amount of 3 million dollars for the effort. (예: 국회는 그 일에 대한 3백만불 예산안을 승인했다.) approve: 승인하다 article: 조 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 13

19 as amended: 수정된 대로 See also: charter amendment, constitutional amendment Example: The act, as amended, expires next year. (예: 이 법안은 개정에 따라 내년에 효력이 만기된다.) as set forth: 진술한 대로 as set out: 언급한 대로 ask for and receive instructions on how to operate the voting machine or mark a paper ballot: 투표 용지 표시나 투표 기계 사용에 대한 지침 요청 및 수령 See also: assistance to vote, instructions on how to use the voting machine assembly: 의회 assembly bill: 입법안 assembly district: 지구 의회 assembly member: 의원 assemblyman: 남성의원 See also: assembly member assemblyperson: 의원 See also: assembly member assemblywoman: 여성의원 See also: assembly member assessor: 사정관 assistance: 보좌관 assistance to vote: 투표 보조 See also: instructions on how to use the voting machine, ask for and receive instructions on how to operate the voting machine or mark a paper ballot assistant attorney general: 법무장관 보좌관 assistant of voters: 유권자 보좌관 assistant superintendent: 감독 보자관 assistant United States attorney: 미 연방검사 보자관 at large: 전 지역을 대표하여 attest: 증명하다 attorney general: 법무장관 audio ballot: 음성 투표지 Definition: A ballot in which a set of offices is presented to the voter in spoken, rather than written, form. audio function with headset and earphones: 헤드폰이 있는 음성기능 audio-tactile interface (ATI): 음성- 감촉 인터페이스 (ATI) Definition: Voter interface designed to not require visual reading of a ballot. Audio is used to convey information to the voter and sensitive tactile controls allow the voter to communicate ballot selections to the voting system. audit: 감사 Definition: Systematic, independent, documented process for obtaining records, statements of fact or other relevant information and assessing them objectively to determine the extent to which specified requirements are fulfilled. audit capacity: 감사 용량 audit process: 감사 과정 See also: audit, auditor, audit trail audit trail: 감사 추적 See also: audit, auditor, audit process GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 14

20 audit trail for direct-recording equipment:직접 기록 장비에 대한 감사 추적 Definition: Paper printout of votes cast, produced by direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machines, which election officials may use to cross-check electronically tabulated totals. auditor: 감사자 See also: audit, audit process, audit trail auditor-controller: 회계감사관 authority: 기관 authorization: 인증 authorize: 인증하다 authorized by law: 법에 의한 승인 authorized poll agent: 인증된 선거기관 AutoMARK voting machine: AutoMARK 투표장비 availability: 유효성 Definition: The percentage of time during which a system is operating properly and available for use. ballot: 투표용지 B See also: audio ballot, ballot image, video ballot, electronic voter interface. Definition: The official presentation of all of the contests to be decided in a particular election. Version 1.0 Volume I: Voting System Performance Guidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-5 ballot access: 투표용지 접근권 Example: Ballot access refers to the process by which candidates and political parties qualify for the primary and general election ballots. (예: 투표용지에 기재되는 과정은 후보자나 정당이 예비선거나 총선거를 위한 자격을 얻는 과정을 말함.) ballot board: 투표용지 위원회 ballot box: 투표함 ballot card: 투표카드 ballot cast: 투표하다 ballot configuration: 투표용지의 구성 Definition: Particular set of contests to appear on the ballot for a particular election district, their order, the list of ballot positions for each contest, and the binding of candidate names to ballot positions. ballot counter: 투표 개표 Definition: Process in a voting device that counts the votes cast in an election. ballot counting logic: 투표용지 개표 논리 Definition: The software logic that defines the combinations of voter choices that are valid and invalid on a given ballot and that determines how the vote choices are totaled in a given election. ballot demonstration station: 투표용지 시범 장소 ballot envelope: 투표용지 봉투 ballot format: 투표 용지 포맷 Definition: The concrete presentation of the contents of a ballot appropriate to the particular voting technology GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 15

21 being used. The contents may be rendered using various methods of presentation (visual or audio), language or graphics. ballot image: 투표용지 이미지 See also: cast vote record Definition: Electronically produced record of all votes cast by a single voter. Example: A ballot image is a record of all votes cast by a single voter. (예: 투표 이미지는 개별 유권자가 행사한 모든 투표의 기록이다.) ballot instructions: 투표용지 사용법 Definition: Information provided to the voter during the voting session that describes the procedure for executing a ballot. Such material may (but need not) appear directly on the ballot. ballot issuing station: 투표용지 발행 부서 ballot label: 투표용지 라벨 ballot layout: 투표용지 배치도 ballot marking device: 투표 표시 기기 ballot measure: 투표용지의 법안상정 See also: measure, initiative, referendum Definition: (1) A question that appears on the ballot for approval or rejection. (2) A contest on a ballot where the voter may vote yes or no. Example: A ballot measure is a policy question voted on by voters in an election. (예: 투표용지에 대한 발안은 선거에서 유권자에 의해서 투표되는 정치적인 의제임.) ballot order: 투표용지의 순서 ballot pamphlet: 투표용지 팜플렛 ballot pickup: 투표용지 수령 ballot position: 투표용지 내용위치 배열 Definition: A specific place in a ballot where a voter's selection for a particular contest may be indicated. Positions may be connected to row and column numbers on the face of a voting machine or ballot, particular bit positions in a binary record of a ballot (for example, an electronic ballot image), the equivalent in some other form. Ballot positions are bound to specific contests and candidate names by the ballot configuration. ballot preparation: 투표용지 준비 Definition: Selecting the specific contests and questions to be contained in a ballot format and related instructions; preparing and testing election-specific software containing these selections; producing all possible ballot formats; and validating the correctness of ballot materials and software containing these selections for an upcoming election. ballot production: 투표용지 제작 Definition: Process of generating ballots for presentation to voters, e.g., printing paper ballots or configuring the ballot presentation on a DRE. ballot question: 투표용지 의제 ballot rotation: 투표용지 내 후보자 이름 순서 변경 Definition: Process of varying the order of the candidate names within a given contest. ballot scanner: 투표용지 스캐너 Definition: Device used to read the voter selection data from a paper ballot or ballot card. GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 16

22 ballot stub: 투표지 한쪽을 떼어주고 남은 쪽 ballot style: 투표용지 스타일 See also: ballot configuration Example: The ballot style you receive will be determined by your place of residence. (예: 여러분이 받게되는 투표지 스타일은 여러분 거주지에 의해 결정됨.) ballot summary: 투표내용 요약 ballot title: 투표용지 제목 ballot types: 투표용지 유형 becoming a candidate for public office: 공직 출마 후보 begin voting: 투표 시작 bicameral: 상하 양원제의 biennial: 2년마다의 biennium: 2년간 bill: 법안 Bill of Rights: 권리 장전 bilingual requirements: 이중언어 요구 bipartisan: 양당제휴의 bipartisanship: 양당제휴 birthdate: 생년월일 blank: 기입하지 않은 blank space: 공란 blind: 시각 장애인 See also: disabled, persons with disabilities, Braille voting instructions board: 위원회 board of canvassers: 개표 점검 위원회 board of commissioners: 위원 위원회 board of directors: 이사회 board of education: 교육 위원회 board of elections: 선거 위원회 board of registrars: 등록 위원회 bona fide: 진실한 bond: 공채, 채권 bond issue: 공채 발행 bond proposition: 공채 발행안 bond referendum: 공채 의제 booth: 투표 부스 borough: 독립구 borough council: 자치 의회. boundary line: 경계선 Braille voting instructions: 점자 투표 방법 bring identification: 신분증명서 소지 butterfly ballot: 나비형 투표용지 See also: ballot types by hand: 손으로 by mail: 우편으로 by ordinance: 법에 의한 C call an election: 선거 공고 board member: 위원 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 17

23 calling special elections: 특별 선거 공고 campaign: 선거운동 See also: running for office, candidate campaign contributions: 선거운동 기부금 campaign disclosure: 선거운동 공개 campaign expense report: 선거운동 지출 보고서 campaign finance: 선거운동 재정 campaign finance disclosure: 선거 운동 재정 공개 campaign finance disclosure statements: 선거운동 재정 공개 명세서 campaign finance laws: 선거 운동 재정법 campaign finance report: 선거 운동 재정 보고 campaign finance reporting requirements: 선거 운동 재정 보고 요청 campaign financing: 선거운동 재정 campaign materials: 선거운동 자료 campaign signs: 선거운동 게시물 campaign spending: 선거운동 경비 cancel: 취소하기 cancellation: 취소 See also: cancellation notices, cancellation of registration cancellation notices: 취소 공고 cancellation of registration: 등록 취소 candidacy: 입후보 candidate: 후보자 See also: candidate registration, running for office, acceptance of candidacy Definition: Person contending in a contest for office. A candidate may be explicitly presented as one of the choices on the ballot or may be a write-in candidate. candidate committee: 후보자 위원회 candidate nomination procedures: 후보 지명 절차 candidate petitions: 후보 청원 candidate registration: 후보 등록 See also: running for office, candidate, acceptance of candidacy candidate roster: 후보인 명부 candidate statement: 후보 성명서 candidate withdrawal periods: 후보 철회 기간 candidates list: 후보자 명단 candidate's profile: 후보자 약력 canvass : 여론 조사 Definition: Compilation of election returns and validation of the outcome that forms the basis of the official results by political subdivision. canvass : 여론 조사 Definition: Solicit votes canvass report: 여론 보고 canvassing board: 개표 위원회 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 18

24 carry an election: 선거에서 이기다 cast: 투표하다 See also: vote cast ballot: 투표하다 See also ballot Definition: Ballot that has been deposited by the voter in the ballot box or electronically submitted for tabulation. cast vote record: 투표 기록 Definition: Permanent record of all votes produced by a single voter whether in electronic, paper or other form. Also referred to as ballot image when used to refer to electronic ballots. cast your ballot: 투표 하십시오 See also: cast your vote cast your vote: 투표 하십시오 See also: vote casting a vote: 투표하기 See also: cast your ballot catastrophic system failure: 복구 불능의 시스템 고장 Definition: Total loss of function or functions, such as the loss or unrecoverable corruption of voting data or the failure of an on board battery of volatile memory. categories: 범주 caucus: 정당 간부 회의 또는 의원총회 caucus election: 정당 간부 선거 caucus system: 정당 간부 체계 central absentee precinct: 중앙 부재자 선거구 Definition: A central absentee precinct (CAP) is a precinct established in the courthouse or other public building in a county or city for the receiving, counting and recording of absentee ballots cast in the county or city. central count: 중앙 개표 집계 central count process: 중앙 개표 집계 과정 central count voting system: 중앙 개표 시스템 Definition: A voting system that tabulates ballots from multiple precincts at a central location. Voted ballots are placed into secure storage at the polling place. Stored ballots are transported or transmitted to a central counting place which produces the vote count report. central counting station: 중앙 개표소 central voter register list: 중앙 유권자 등록 명부 centralized voter registration database (CVR): 중앙 유권자 등록 데이터 베이스 (CVR) certificate: 증서 certificate of circulator: 유포자 증명서 certificate of election: 선거 증서 certificate of error: 오류 증서 certificate of nomination: 지명 증서 certificate of nominee: 지명자 증서 certificate of permanent disability: 영구 장애인 증서 certificate of registration: 등록 증서 certificate of restoration: 복구 증서 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 19

25 certification: 증서 See also: state certification; national certification testing Definition: Procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements. certification of election: 선거증서 certification of official election results: 공식 선거결과 증서 certification of signatures: 서명 증서 certification requirements: 요청 증서 certification testing: 시험 증서 See also: conformance testing Definition: Testing performed under either national or state certification processes to verify voting system conformance to requirements. Example: This voting system has gone through the required state certification testing for use in this election. (예: 이 투표시스템은 이 선거 사용을 위해 요구된 주 인증 시험이 되어짐) certified election results: 인증된 선거 결과 certify: 증명하다 chad: 천공밥 See also: paper ballot, hanging chads Definition: a small piece of waste paper produced by punching a hole in punched card or tape. Example: The chad was not completely separated from the ballot. (예: 천공밥이 투표용지로 부터 완전하게 분리되지 않음.) chairman: 남의장 chairwoman: 여의장 challenge: 투표자격에 이의를 제기하다 challenged ballot: 잠정 투표용지 투표 See also: provisional ballot Definition: Ballot provided to individuals who claim they are registered and eligible to vote but whose eligibility or registration status cannot be confirmed when they present themselves to vote. Once voted, such ballots must be kept separate from other ballots and are not included in the tabulation until after the voter s eligibility is confirmed. Michigan is an exception in that they determine voter eligibility before a ballot is issued. Example: The voter was provided a challenged ballot since his eligibility to vote could not be determined. (예: 투표자에게 투표할 자격이 결정되지 않았기 때문에 문제가 제기되는 투표용지가 제공됨.) challenged voter: 잠정 투표자 challenger: 도전자 change in political affiliation: 정당 가입 변경 See also: affiliation, party affiliation change of address: 주소 변경 change of name: 이름 변경 change of party: 당 변경 changes in election procedures: 선거절차 변경 changes in voting laws: 선거법 변경 charter: 헌장 charter amendment: 개정 헌장 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 20

26 See also: as amended, constitutional amendment charter commission: 헌장 위원회 charter commissioner: 헌장 위원 charter member: 헌장 일원 charter president: 헌장 의장 charter reform: 헌장 개혁 charter school: 챠터 스쿨 check: 표시하기 check the box: 네모 칸 안에 표시하기 checkmark: 체크 표시 chief election officer: 선거관리장 chief inspector: 감독관 chief justice: 법원장 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: 대법원장 chief of police: 경찰서장 chief state election officer: 주 선거 관리 위원장 choice: 선택 choose: 선택하다 See also: select, selection, choice circuit court of appeals: 순회 항소 법원 circulate: 유포하다 circulation: 유포 circulator: 유포자 citizen: 시민 citizen initiatives: 시민 발의 citizen-sponsored: 시민 -후원 city auditor: 시 감사관 city bonds: 시 공채 city charter: 시 헌장 city clerk: 시 서기 city commissioner: 시 위원 city controller: 시 회계감사관 city council: 시의회 city council member: 시의회원 city councilman: 남성 시 의회의원 city councilperson: 시 의회 의원 city councilwoman: 여성 시 의회의원 city election code: 시 선거법 city elections: 시 선거 city general municipal election: 시 자치 총선 city government: 시 정부 city ordinance: 시 조례 city special municipal election: 특별 자치도시 선거 city treasurer: 시 재무관 civic duty: 시민의 의무 civic responsibility: 시민의 책임 Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice: 미 법무부, 민권부서 civil rights: 민권 Civil Rights Act of 1964: 1964년의 민권법 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 21

27 claim: 청구 claim board: 청구 위원회 claim of conformance: 적합성 청구권 Definition: Statement by a vendor declaring that a specific product conforms to a particular standard or set of standard profiles; for voting systems, NASED qualification or EAC certification provides independent verification of a claim. claimant: 청구인 clerk: 서기 clerk of absentee voting: 부재자 투표 서기 See also: clerk clerk of courts: 법정 서기 See also: clerk clerk of the Supreme Court: 대법원 서기 See also: clerk click here: 여기를 클릭하십시오 close of registration: 등록 마감 closed primary: 폐쇄식 예비선거 Definition: Primary election in which voters receive a ballot listing only those candidates running for office in the political party with which the voters are affiliated. In some states, non-partisan contests and ballot issues may be included. In some cases, political parties may allow unaffiliated voters to vote in their party s primary. code: 법, 규약 code of conduct: 행동규범법 code of conduct of elected officials: 선출된 공무원 행동 규범법 Code of Federal Regulations: 연방정부 규범법 See also: administrative rules collect: 수집 collector: 수집가 column: 란 commercial off-the-shelf (COTS): 상용 기성품 (COTS) Definition: Commercial, readily available hardware devices (such as card readers, printers or personal computers) or software products (such as operating systems, programming language compilers, or database management systems). commission: 위원회 commissioner: 위원 committee: 위원회 committee member: 위원 See also: committee committeeman: 남성위원 See also: committee committeewoman: 여성 위원 See also: committee Common Industry Format (CIF): 공동 산업 포맷 (CIF) Definition: Refers to the format described in ANSI/INCITS "Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability Test Reports. Communist Party: 공산당 complete: 완성하다 Example: 1. complete a voter registration form; 2. after you have completed voting...; 3. the complete instructions on how to vote are GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 22

28 available... (예: 1. 유권자 등록 신청서를 작성해 주십시오. 2. 투표가 끝난 후에 3. 투표방법에 대한 설명이 여기 있습니다 ) compliance: 준수 comply with: ~를 준수하다 component: 구성요소 See also: voting system Definition: Element within a larger system; a component can be hardware or software. For hardware, it is a physical part of a subsystem that can be used to compose larger systems (e.g., circuit boards, internal modems, processors, computer memory). For software, it is a module of executable code that performs a well-defined function and interacts with other components. Example: Voting systems are made up of multiple components. (예: 투표 시스템은 다수의 구성요소로 구성되어 있음) comptroller: 감사원장 compulsory: 강제적인 computer judge: 컴퓨터 심사원 Definition: Vote center election worker who checks the voter s ID and signature, and processes the voter in the electronic poll book. concerned citizen: 문제제기 시민 conduct an election: 선거를 치르다 configuration management: 구성 관리 Definition: Discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control changes to these characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation status, and verify compliance with specified requirements. configuration management plan: 구성 관리 계획 Definition: Document detailing the process for identifying, controlling and managing various released items (such as code, hardware and documentation). configuration status accounting: 구성 상태 관리 Definition: An element of configuration management, consisting of the recording and reporting of information needed to manage a configuration effectively. This includes a listing of the approved configuration identification, the status of proposed changes to the configuration, and the implementation status of approved changes. confirm: 확인하다 confirmation: 확인 confirmation mailing: 확인 메일 See also: confirmation confirmation notice: 확인 통지 See also: confirmation conflict between measures: 법안 간의 충돌 conformance: 적합성 conformance testing: 적합성 테스트 See also: certification testing Definition: Process of testing an implementation against the requirements specified in one or more standards. The outcomes of a conformance test are generally a pass or fail result, possibly including GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 23

29 reports of problems encountered during the execution. Also known as certification testing. Example: The voting system was certified for use after it successfully completed conformance testing. (예: 투표 시스템은 성공적으로 적합성 테스트를 완성한 후에 사용 승인이 되었음.) Congress: 국회 congressional: 국회의 See also: congress congressional district: 국회 지역구 See also: congress congressional election: 국회의원 선거 See also: congress congressman: 남성 국회의원 See also: congress congresswoman: 여성 국회의원 See also: congress connect the arrow: 화살표를 연결하십시오 consent decree: 법령 동의 conservative: 보수주의 consolidated election: 합동 선거 consolidated primaries: 합동 예비선거 constable: 경찰관 constituency: 선거구 주민들 See also: house of representatives, representation system Example: Candidates depend on the support of their constituency to win elections. (예: 후보자들은 선거 당선을 위해 해당 선거구 유권자들의 지지를 필요로 한다.) constituent: 선거구 주민 constitution: 헌법 Constitution Party: 헌법당 constitutional: 헌법의 See also: constitution constitutional amendment: 헌법 개정 See also: as amended, charter amendment constitutional resolutions: 헌법 결의안 See also: constitution constitutional rights: 헌법상의 권리 See also: constitution contest: 경선 Definition: Decision to be made within an election, which may be a contest for office or a referendum, proposition and/or question. A single ballot may contain one or more contests. contested races: 경선 다투기 contests of candidacy: 후보경선 contests of election: 선거 경선 continue voting: 투표 계속 continue voting on next page: 다음 페이지에서 투표 계속 contribution: 기부금 contribution limit: 기부금 한계 contributions and expenses reports: 기부금 및 지출 보고 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 24

30 contributions and spending limits: 기부금 및 지출 한계 controller: 회계 감사관 controller general: 총 회계관 convene: 소집하다 convention: 총회 coroner: 검시관 correct: 옳은 correct mark: 올바른 표시 corrective action: 시정 조치 Definition: Action taken to eliminate the causes of an existing deficiency or other undesirable situation in order to prevent recurrence. council: 의회 council action: 의회 활동 See also: council council approval: 의회 승인 See also: council council district: 의회 지구 See also: council council member: 의원 See also: council council seats: 의원석 See also: council councilman: 남성 의원 See also: council councilperson: 의원 See also: council councilwoman: 여성 의원 See also: council count: 개표 See also: tabulation Definition: Process of totaling votes. Version 1.0 Volume I: Voting System Performance Guidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-8 counted ballot: 개표된 투표용지 Definition: Ballot that has been processed and whose votes are included in the candidates and measures vote totals. county: 카운티 county assessor: 카운티 세금 평가관 county attorney: 카운티 검사 county auditor: 카운티 감사관 county board of supervisors: 카운티 감독 위원회 county board of election: 카운티 선거 위원회 county clerk: 카운티 서기 county commission: 카운티 위원회 county commissioner: 카운티 위원 county committee: 카운티 위원회 county coroner: 카운티 검시관 county council: 카운티 의회 county district: 카운티 지역구 county election commission: 카운티 선거관리 위원회 county election officer: 카운티 선거관리원 county election precinct: 카운티 선거구 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 25

31 county elections officials: 카운티 선거관리원 county government: 카운티 정부 county measure: 카운티 법안 county of residence: 거주하는 카운티 county office: 카운티 공직 county seat: 카운티 의석 county special district: 카운티 특별 구획 county superintendent of schools: 카운티 교육감 county supervisor: 카운티 감독관 county tax assessor: 카운티 세금 사정인 county tax collector: 카운티 세금 징수처 county water commissioner: 카운티 수도 위원 county water district: 카운티 수도국 지구 court: 법원 court-approved: 법정 승인 court judge: 법정 판사 court of appeal: 항소 법원 court of justice: 법원 courthouse: 법원 courts competency order: 법정 자격 명령 cross-filing: 복수 등록 Definition: Endorsement of a single candidate or slate of candidates by more than one political party. The candidate or slate appears on the ballot representing each endorsing political party. Also referred to as cross-party endorsement. crossover voting: 교차 투표 cryptographic key: 암호 키 Definition: Value used to control cryptographic operations, such as decryption, encryption, signature generation or signature verification. cryptography: 암호 작성 해독법 See also: decryption, encryption Definition: Discipline that embodies the principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide their semantic content, prevent their unauthorized use, prevent their undetected modification and establish their authenticity. Example: The use of cryptography is necessary to protect the election's data from unauthorized use or sabotage. (예: 암호작성 해독법은 승인받지 않은 사용이나 방해활동으로 부터 선거 데이터를 보호하기위해 필요함.) curbside voting: 가두 투표 current: 현행의 current law: 현행법 current resident address: 현거주지 주소 D data accuracy: 데이터 정확성 See also: minimum standard for accuracy of records, accuracy for GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 26

32 voting systems, logic and accuracy (L&A) testing Definition: (1) Data accuracy is defined in terms of ballot position error rate. This rate applies to the voting functions and supporting equipment that capture, record, store, consolidate and report the specific selections, and absence of selections, made by the voter for each ballot position. (2) The system's ability to process voting data absent internal errors generated by the system. It is distinguished from data integrity, which encompasses errors introduced by an outside source. data integrity: 데이터 무결성. Definition: Invulnerability of the system to accidental intervention or deliberate, fraudulent manipulation that would result in errors in the processing of data. It is distinguished from data accuracy that encompasses internal, system-generated errors. data security: 테이터 보안 deadline: 마감일 deadline for voting: 투표 마감일 deceased candidate: 사망한 후보자 decertification: 인증 취소 See also: certification testing, certification requirements, voting system certification Definition: Revocation of national or state certification of voting system hardware and software. Example: Process for decertification of a voting system. (예: 투표 시스템의 철회 과정.) declaration of assistance to vote: 투표 보조 선언 declaration of candidacy: 입후보 선언문 declaration of intent: 취지 선언문 declaration of intent to solicit and receive contributions: 기부금 요청 및 수령에 대한 취지 선언문 declaration of intention: 취지선언 declaration of intention to run for office : 공직 출마 취지 성명서 decline to: 을 거부하다 decryption: 암호 해독 Definition: Process of changing encrypted text into plain text. defeat: 패배 defective ballot: 하자 있는 투표용지 delegate: 대표자 See also: representative, representation system, elected officials Example: The delegates to the national convention. (예: 전국 총회 대표단) delegation: 대표단 delete: 삭제 democracy: 민주주의 See also: democratic process Democrat: 민주당원 Democratic Party: 민주당 democratic process: 민주적인 절차 See also: democracy democratic reforms: 민주주의 개혁 See also: democracy Department of State: 국무부 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 27

33 Department of Transportation: 교통부 deputy: 부관 deputy attorney general : 부 법무장관 deputy mayor: 부시장 description of state ballot measures: 주 선거 법안 내용 designate (verb): 지명하다 designate (adj): 지명의 Example: The governor designate. (예: 주지사 지명) designation: 지명 detach: 떼어내다 detach here: 이부분을 떼어내십시오 device: 장치 Definition: Functional unit that performs its assigned tasks as an integrated whole. digital paper ballot system: 디지털 용지 투표 시스템 digital signature: 디지털 서명 Definition: An asymmetric key operation where the private key is used to digitally sign an electronic document and the public key is used to verify the signature. Digital signatures provide data authentication and integrity protection. direct democracy: 직접 민주주의 direct primary: 직접 예비선거 direct recording: 직접 기록 direct recording electronic (DRE): 직접 전자 기록 Definition: An electronic voting system that utilizes electronic components for the functions of ballot presentation, vote capture, vote recording, and tabulation which are logically and physically integrated into a single unit. A DRE produces a tabulation of the voting data stored in a removable memory component and in printed hardcopy. Version 1.0 Volume I: Voting System Performance Guidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-9 direct recording equipment: 직접 기록 기기 direct response electronic voting machines: 직접 반응 전자 투표기기 directly verifiable: 직접 확인가능 Definition: Voting system feature that allows the voter to verify at least one representation of his or her ballot with his/her own senses, not using any software or hardware intermediary. Examples include a Marksense paper ballot and a DRE with a voter verifiable paper record feature. director: 디렉터 disability: 장애인 Definition: With respect to an individual: (1) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; (2) a record of such an impairment; (3) being regarded as having such an impairment (definition from the Americans with Disabilities Act). disabled: 장애가 있는 disabled voters: 장애가 있는 See also: voters with disabilities, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), handicapped, wheelchair accessible disclosure: 발표 discrimination: 차별 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Korean 28