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1 A Study of Network Coding-Based Network Protocols for Next Generation Networks Network coding refers to a scheme with which nodes may send out a coded data in a single transmission with combining several data to be forwarded separately. By using an appropriate network coding scheme, we can improve the network performance in several aspects. Hence, in order to further enhance the performance of the Next Generation Networks (NGNs), e.g., WiMAX and LTE-Advanced, which should provide high data rate services, network coding is considered as one of important candidate techniques that can be incorporated into NGNs. In order to study the applicability of network coding in the emerging 4G networks, in this paper, we survey the previous works for incorporating network coding into various layers in communication networks. Keywords: Network coding, Network protocol, Physical layer, MAC layer, Network layer, Transport layer I

2 II V e E e c(e)

3 b s1 s2 t2 t1 t2 r1 (s1acdft2) r2 (s2bcdet1) (CD) {(r 1,r 2 ):0r 1,0r 2,r 1 r 2 b}. (1) C A B D t1 t2 E F D s2 s1 {(r 1,r 2 ):0r 1 b,0r 2 b}. (2) s t1t2 t1 t2 a b a b t1 t2 t1 t2 (ab)

4 a b a b ab III A(B) k A (k B )x A (x B ) n A (n B ) w A (w B ) m S A (S B ) S R A(B) B(A) A(B)

5 B(A) A B x A x B x R x A x B x R w R S R x A x B w A w B w R w A w B w R S R A B A B B A n B n A A A A n B n A A r A A r A n A /n B r A n A /n B x A x B k A k B w A w B n A n B w A w B A B

6 S A S B w A w B w R w A w B w R S R A A A B x R x A x B A h AR B h BR n R h AR S A h BR S B n R S R A R (h AR S A h BR S B n R ) A B ΛΛ 1 (ΛΛ 1 ) Λ Λ 1 R v (Λ) R v (Λ 1 ) R v (Λ) P A w A L A {Λ 1 R v (Λ) B w B L B {Λ 1 R v (Λ)} d A d B A B ys A S B n L(L A L B ) mod Λ L L (αyda d B ) mod Λ =(Lαn(1α)(S A S B )) mod Λ. α E[{αn(1 α)(s A S B )} 2 ] 2P/(2Pσ 2 ) A B L S R A B P R NBC R NAC 2 1 P R NBC R NAC ( log 3 2 2( 1 N 0 )) A B R PNC S A (L A d A ) mod Λ, S B (L B d B ) mod Λ. 1 R PNC (1H(P e )) 2 P e H()

7 R MAC/BC R AM/FW R LNC 1 2P R MAC/BC log 2( 1 ), 4 N 0 1 β 2 P R AM/FW log 2( 1 ), 4 N 0 β 2 N P R LNC log 2( 2 2 N 0 ) (P/(2PN 0 ) IV X A O Y B

8 B A, C, D B P1, P3, P4 AC, D

9 X U A C Y V P1 P2 N [b 1,b 2,,b N ]

10 N [c 1,c 2,,c N ] x N xσ c i b i. i1 N N

11 r NC r RSBS r RSMS r NC min(r RSBS, r RSMS ). s0 d0 r r r N r N N N

12 N1 V

13 VI

14 N N N

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°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of