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1 Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지 (J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 7 : 1511~1517 July M-ary APSK 변조방식의위상잡음영향분석 김영완 * Performance Analysis of M-ary APSK Modulation Method in the Presence of Phase Noise Young-wan Kim * Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan , Korea 요약 본논문에서는 M-ary APSK 변조방식을사용하는통신시스템의위상잡음에의한영향을모의해석모델을사용하여분석한다. APSK 고차변조방식에대한위상잡음영향은 APSK 신호성상도를고려하여모델링하며, PSK 저차변조신호에대한해석적모델과비교평가하여모의해석모델의적합성을평가한다. 평가된모의해석모델을사용하여 APSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음영향을분석한다. PSK 저차변조신호의위상잡음에대한해석적모델결과와모의해석모델의결과는 1% 이내의일치하는특성을나타내었으며, 적합한 M-ary APSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음의영향정도를제시한다. 아울러, 시스템설계및서비스성능평가에적용할수있는위상잡음에의한통신서비스의열화정도에대한위상잡음의신호대잡음비를산출하여제시한다. ABSTRACT Based on the simulation model for phase noise effect, the phase noise performance of communication system using the M-ary APSK modulation method is analyzed in this paper. The phase noise effects for APSK higher order modulation method are modeled by considering the signal constellations of the modulation methods. The simulation model is verified by comparing the analytic results for lower order modulation signals with simulated results for those modulation signals. Based on the simulation model, then, the phase noise effects for M-ary APSK are analyzed. The simulated results for PSK lower order modulation signals are in agreement with the results by the analytic model in the order of 1 %. The proper phase noise effects for M-ary APSK modulation signals are deduced by the simulation model. Also, the required signal-to-noise ratios of phase noise are proposed for phase noise degradations, which are used as the design parameter that considers the phase noise effect. 키워드 : 위상잡음, 다진진폭위상변조, 위상잡음성능분석, M-ary APSK 위상잡음영향해석 Key word : Phase noise, M-ary APSK modulation, Phase noise performance, Phase noise effect of M-ary APSK 접수일자 : 심사완료일자 : 게재확정일자 : * Corresponding Author Young-wan Kim( ywkim@kunsan.ac.kr, Tel: ) Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan , Korea Open Access print ISSN: online ISSN: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License( by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright C The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering.
2 한국정보통신학회논문지 (J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 7 : 1511~1517 July Ⅰ. 서론위성통신을비롯한통신시스템에서대역효율을향상하기위하여제한된채널대역폭에고속데이터를전송할수있는고차변조모드가적용되고있다. 위성전송채널에서는 8PSK(Phase Shift Keying) 변조방식이외에고차모드인 16 APSK(Amplitude PSK) 변조방식을사용하며, 32 APSK 전송모드가가능하다 [1]. 고차변조방식이사용됨에따라채널열화요소에의한성능열화가증가하며, 특히위상잡음에의한영향이지배적으로나타나고있다. 이러한위상잡음에대한연구는전송모드에대한위상잡음영향분석, 위상잡음영향을최소화하기위한시스템설계기술, 그리고발진기구조에따른위상잡음발생모델등다양하게발표되고있다 [2-6]. 위상잡음영향분석에서는 PSK 저차전송모드에대한해석적인모델이제시되어있으며 [2-3], 아울러 APSK 고차전송모드에대해서도해석적인방법이제시되고있다 [7]. 그러나전송모드에대한위상잡음영향을분석하기위한해석적인방법은복잡하고전송모드에따라해석방법이적용되므로간단하고다양한전송파라미터를고려할수있는모의해석적인분석모델이필요하다. 본논문에서는 M-ary APSK 고차변조방식에대한위상잡음에의한성능을분석할수있는모의분석모델을해석하여 APSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음영향을분석한다. 위상잡음모의분석모델의적합성은 PSK 저차변조방식의해석적인모델에의한위상잡음영향분석결과와모의분석모델의결과를비교분석하여평가된다. 평가된모의분석모델을통하여 M-ary APSK 전송모드에대한위상잡음영향이분석되어제시된다. 아울러, PSK 및 APSK 전송신호의요구서비스성능정도에따라위상잡음에의한열화정도를평가하여시스템설계및평가지표로활용할수있는위상잡음의신호대잡음비를산출하여제시한다. 있는 M-ary PSK 신호에대한오율특성 ( ) 은 Q 함수로표현된다. Q S 2 S M d ( φ M1 ) s( φ) d ( φ M 2 ) π M π M 그림 1. M-ary PSK 신호의위상잡음영향도 Fig. 1 Phase noise effect of M-ary PSK signal for for S 1 I (1) 여기서, log 이며, 판단영역경계선까지의거리는각각다음과같다. exp sin exp sin (2) 식 (1) 과식 (2) 를적용하여위성통신시스템의전송방식으로사용하는 M-ary PSK 신호에대한위상잡음에대한조건오율함수를구하면, 다음과같이표현할수있다. cos for (3) Ⅱ. PSK 전송모드의위상잡음해석그림 1은 M-ary PSK 신호에대한신호영역 (S) 과위상잡음에의한영향을보여준다 [2]. 여기서, 전송데이터의신호대잡음비가큰경우, 위상잡음을포함하고 sin sin sin sin for for 1512
3 M-ary APSK 변조방식의위상잡음영향분석 여기서, 이다. 위상잡음에의한영향은식 (3) 의조건오율식을이용하여위상잡음분포함수에대한평균오율식으로구할수있다. 32APSK의경우도 DVB-S2 표준에서사용되는심볼매핑룰을적용하였으며, 내부링 (inner ring) 성좌도간의비율 ( ) 과내부링과외부링의성좌도비율 ( ) 은각각 2.53, 2.54, 2.64, 2.72, 2.84와 4.30, 4.33, 4.64, 4.87, 5.27을적용한다. (4) 식 (4) 의 는위상에러확률분포함수를나타내며, Gaussian 함수를적용한다. (5) Ⅲ. 위상잡음영향분석모델 고차변조방식인 16APSK와 32APSK 신호의위상잡음에대한영향을모의해석하기위하여고차전송모드신호의성상도를고려한다. 그림 2와그림 3은 16APSK와 32APSK 변조신호의성상도를보여준다. 그림 3. 32APSK 신호성상도 Fig. 3 Signal constellation of 32APSK 기본적인채널환경은 AWGN 채널과위상잡음을갖는채널로구현하며위상잡음모델은식 (5) 와같이평균이 0(zero) 이고, 위상변화량은표준편차를갖는 Gaussian 분포를적용한다. 여기서, 위상오차분산 (radian) 은요구위상잡음신호의신호대잡음비의역수관계 (1/SNR) 를갖는다. 모의성능해석을위한분석모델구성은그림 4와같으며, 각구성에대한기능은다음과같다. 그림 2. 16APSK 신호성상도 Fig. 2 Signal constellation of 16APSK 16APSK의경우 DVB-S2 표준에서사용되는심볼매핑룰을적용하였다. 성상도의내부링 (inner ring) 의성좌도와외부링 (outer ring) 의성좌도크기비율 ( ) 은 2.57, 2.60, 2.75, 2.85, 3.15를적용한다. 그림 4. 위상잡음성능분석을위한모의분석모델구성도 Fig. 4 Block diagram of simulation model for phase noise performance 1513
4 한국정보통신학회논문지 (J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 7 : 1511~1517 July 랜덤비트생성블록 : 이진랜덤 (random) 비트를생성한다. 심볼매핑블록 : DVB-S2 표준기반 BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK 변조방식을선택한다. BPSK는 1비트, QPSK 2비트, 8PSK 3비트, 16APSK 는 4비트그리고 32APSK는 5비트입력으로심볼매핑을수행한다. 단, 16APSK와 32APSK의경우각각 2개, 3개링 (ring) 의성좌도비율값을입력한다. AWGN 잡음생성블록 : 평균심볼에너지의값은 1로간주하고, 잡음분산 (noise variance) 값에따라 SNR을계산한다. 위상잡음생성블록 : 위상변화량의분포는 Gaussian 모델을적용하고, 분산값에따라위상잡음의신호대잡음비 (SNR) 를계산한다. 심볼경판정블록 : 심볼매핑블록에서설정한각변조방식별수신심볼에대해심볼- 비트변환을수행한다. 수신비트추출블록 : 심볼경판정블록에서출력된비트값을 BER 계산블록으로전달한다. BER 계산블록 : 랜덤비트생성블록에서생성된송신비트와수신비트추출블록에서출력된수신비트를비교하여오율 (BER) 을계산한다. PN SNR= 13 db by eqn. (4) by simulation model PN SNR= 10 db PN(Phase Noise)= no 그림 5. BPSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음영향도 Fig. 5 Phase noise effects for BPSK signal PN SNR= 22 db by eqn. (4) by simulation model PN(Phase Noise)= no PN SNR= 19 db Ⅳ. M-ary APSK 위상잡음영향분석 4.1. PSK 변조신호의위상잡음영향평가위상잡음의영향을분석하는모의분석모델의적합성을평가하기위하여 PSK 변조방식에대한위상잡음영향을분석한다. 분석된결과는해석적모델인식 (4) 에의한위상잡음영향과비교평가한다. 그림 5와그림 6, 그리고그림 7은 BPSK, QPSK, 그리고 8PSK 변조신호에대한해석적모델과모의분석모델에의한위상잡음영향을나타내었다. 그림 5~ 그림 7로부터모의분석모델에의한위상잡음분석결과는해석적모델에의한결과와 1 % 이내의오차범위내에서일치하고있음을알수있다. 따라서, 모의분석모델은 M-ary APSK 변조방식에대한위상잡음영향을적합하게평가할수있음을알수있다. 그림 6. QPSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음영향도 Fig. 6 Phase noise effects for QPSK signal PN SNR= 29 db by eqn. (4) by simulation model PN(Phase Noise)= no 그림 7. 8PSK 변조신호에대한위상잡음영향도 Fig. 7 Phase noise effects for 8PSK signal PN SNR= 26 db 1514
5 M-ary APSK 변조방식의위상잡음영향분석 4.2. M-ary APSK 변조신호의위상잡음영향분석적합하게위상잡음영향을산출하는모의분석모델을사용하여 APSK 변조신호의위상잡음영향을분석한다. 그림 8은모의분석모델에의해발생된위상잡음이포함된 16APSK 신호의성상도를나타내고있다. G=2.57 PN SNR= 13 db G=3.15 PN SNR=32 db(g=3.15) PN SNR=29 db(g=3.15) PN SNR=26 db(g=3.15) (a) 그림 8. 모의분석모델에의한신호성상도 (a) AWGN 첨가된신호 (b) 위상잡음이첨가된신호 Fig. 8 Generated signal constellation by simulation model (a) signal with AWGN (b) signal with phase noise 그림 8로부터위상잡음에의해 16APSK 변조신호가영향을받고있음을알수있다. 그림 9는 16APSK와 32APSK 변조신호의위상잡음영향을보여주고있다. 여기서, G(G1, G2) 는내부링성좌도와외부링성좌도간의비율 () 이며, PN SNR은위상잡음의신호대잡음비를나타낸다. 그림 9로부터 16APSK인경우, 내부링성좌도와외부링성좌도비율에따라 BER 기준에서약 0.4 db 성능차가발생함을알수있다. 32APSK에서는 BER 기준에서약 0.65 db의성능차가발생한다. 동일한오율 (BER) 기준에서내 외부성좌도의비율이증가할수록요구심볼신호대잡음비가증가하고있음을알수있으며, 여기서는최대오율특성을갖는내 외부성좌도비율 (G=3.15, G1=2.84, G2=5.27) 을고려하여분석한다. 표 1과표 2는모의분석모델에의해전송방식별서비스성능 (loss) 에대한요구위상잡음의신호대잡음비를산출한결과를나타내고있다. 모의분석모델에의해산출된표 1의위상잡음신호대잡음비성능지표는해석적방식에의해산출된 BPSK, QPSK, 그리고 8PSK 변조방식의위상잡음에대한서비스성능별요구위상잡음의신호대잡음비와동일한특성을갖는다. (b) (a) G1=2.53 G2=4.3 G1=2.84 G2=5.27 PN SNR=32 db(g1=2.84 G2=5.27) PN SNR=29 db(g1=2.84 G2=5.27) PN SNR=26 db(g1=2.84 G2=5.27) (b) 그림 9. M-ary APSK 변조신호의위상잡음영향 (a) 16APSK 위상잡음영향 (b) 32APSK 위상잡음영향 Fig. 9 Phase noise effects for M-ary APSK modulation signals (a) effect of phase noise for 16APSK (b) effect of phase noise for 32APSK 표 1. M-ary PSK 서비스품질에대한요구위상잡음신호대잡음비 Table. 1 Required phase noise signal-to-noise ratio for M-ary PSK according to service quality Modulation BER Loss 2x BPSK QPSK 8-PSK
6 한국정보통신학회논문지 (J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 7 : 1511~1517 July 표 2. M-ary APSK 서비스품질에대한요구위상잡음신호대잡음비 Table. 2 Required phase noise signal-to-noise ratio for M-ary APSK according to service quality Modulation BER Loss 2x 16APSK 32APSK 표 2의 16APSK와 32APSK의경우, 서비스성능별요구위상잡음의신호대잡음비는내 외부성좌도비율에대한상관관계가크지않음을알수있었다. 따라서, 16APSK와 32APSK 변조방식의위상잡음에의한요구서비스성능에대한위상잡음의신호대잡음비는표 2의산출된신호대잡음비 (SNR) 로고려할수있다. Ⅴ. 결론 본논문에서는 M-ary APSK 변조방식을사용하는통신시스템의위상잡음에의한성능열화도를분석하였다. 고차변조방식의위상잡음성능을해석하기위하여 APSK 내 외부링성좌도비율을고려하여성능분석모델을작성하고위상잡음영향을모의분석하였다. 저차모드인 M-ary PSK 변조방식에대한해석적방법과비교분석하여 1% 이내의일치하는특성을갖는모의분석모델을평가하였으며, APSK 고차변조방식에대한서비스성능별요구위상잡음의신호대잡음비를산출하여제시하였다. 요구위상잡음신호대잡음비는시스템설계및서비스성능평가에적용할수있는설계및평가지표로활용할수있다. 감사의글본연구는미래창조과학부및정보통신산업진흥원의 IT/SW 창의연구과정의연구결과로수행되었음 (NIPA-2013-H ) REFERENCES [1] Shoudong Wang, et al, Research on predistortion technology based on look-up table for 16APSK in satellite channel, in Proceeding of the Inter. Conf. on CSCC, pp , [2] Young-wan Kim and Dong-chul Park, Prediction of Performance Loss Due to Phase Noise in Digital Satellite Communication System, JKIEES, vol. 13, no. 7, pp , [3] V. Syrjala, M. Valkama, L. Anttila, T. Riihonen and D. Korpi, Analysis of phase noise effect on microwave attenuation precision measurement using a heterodyne receiver, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-14, [4] Wei Zhu, Haiying Meng and Liming Mao, A low phase noise local oscillator module for instrumentation application, in Proceeding of the IEEE International Wireless Symposium, Beijing, pp. 1-4, [5] Young-wan Kim and Jae-du Yu, Phase Noise Model of Single Loop Frequency Synthesizer, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 54, no. 1, pp , [6] M. Pardo, L. Sorenson and F. Ayazi, An Empirical Phase-Noise Model for MEMS Oscillators Operating in Nonlinear Regime, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 59, no. 5, pp , [7] Jae-min, Shon, Bit error probability of M-ary APSK modulation with circular signal constellation in AWGN channel, Master degree dissertation, Hanyang University,
7 M-ary APSK 변조방식의위상잡음영향분석 김영완 (Young-wan Kim) 1983 년경북대학교전자공학사 1985 년경북대학교전자공학석사 2003 년충남대학교전자공학박사 1984 ~ 1990 년동양정밀공업 ( 주 ) 중앙연구소과장 1990 ~ 1992 년 ( 주 ) 유영통신이사 1992 ~ 2004 년한국전자통신연구원책임연구원 2004 ~ 현재군산대학교전파공학과교수 관심분야 : RF/Microwave 시스템및회로설계, 디지털위성방송 / 통신시스템, 마이크로파소자 1517
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