367 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 것으로보고되고있다. 1) 편평족의병리는전족부, 중족부, 후족부사이에복합적인변형이동반된다. 2) 대부분거종관절 (talocalcaneal joint), 설상중족관절 (cuneiform-metatarsal joint) 부분에서내

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "367 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 것으로보고되고있다. 1) 편평족의병리는전족부, 중족부, 후족부사이에복합적인변형이동반된다. 2) 대부분거종관절 (talocalcaneal joint), 설상중족관절 (cuneiform-metatarsal joint) 부분에서내"

Transcription

1 366 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 소아의유연성편평족환아에서족저압검사방법의유용성과방사선검사와의관련성 설영준 정성택 양현기 이근배 오창선 정영주 조행난 전남대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Diagnostic Availability of Pedobarography and Correlation of Radiographic and Pedobarographic Measurements in Pediatric Flexible Flatfoot Young-Jun Seol, M.D., Sung-Taek Jung, M.D., Hyun-Kee Yang, M.D., Keun-Bae Lee, M.D., Chang-Seon Oh, M.D., Young-Ju Jung, M.D., and Hang-Nan Cho, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic availability and to examine the co-relation between pedobaragraphy and radiography of pediatric flexible flatfoot. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients and ten normal children were studied. In radiographic evaluation, the talo-1st metatarsal angle was measured on anteroposterior radiographs; and the talo-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle, the calcaneal pitch, and the talocalcaneal angle were measured on lateral radiographs. In pedobarography, foot pressures were subdivided into eight areas for measurement of contact time, ratio of measured area and to investigate the relation between the degree of the medial deviation of the Center of pressure line and the radiographic measurements. Results: Flat foot group and normal group showed statistically significant difference in every angle measured in lateral radiographs. The foot pressure ratios of the lateral sides in forefoot and the medial and lateral sides of midfoot and the medial side of hindfoot between the flexible flatfoot group and normal group showed statistically significant difference in pedobarography and ratio of contact area in forefoot and hindfoot showed significant change in statistics but no changes in contact time. The relation between pedobarography and radiography was investigated: foot pressure of the medial and lateral side of forefoot and the talocalcaneal angle showed significant relation in statistics and foot pressure of the medial and lateral side of mid foot and every angle measured in lateral radiographs showed significant relation in statistics. Contact time of midfoot and every radiographic value measured in lateral radiograph showed significant relation in statistics and contact area of forefoot and midfoot showed significant relation with every radiographic value measured in lateral radiographs. In addition, medial deviation of center of pressure line showed significant relation in statistics with talus-first metatarsal angle measured on anteroposterior radiographs and talo-horizontal angle and talus-first metatarsal angle measured on lateral radiographs. Conclusion: The results of this study showed correlation between radiologic methods and pedobarography in diagnosis of pediatric flexible flatfoot and pedobarography is an useful tool in quantitative and qualitative analysis of the degree of foot deformity and medial deviation of center of pressure line. Key words: flexible flatfoot, pedobarography, radiography Received August 14, 2013 Revised February 11, 2014 Accepted June 25, 2014 Correspondence to: Sung-Taek Jung, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju , Korea TEL: FAX: stjung@chonnam.ac.kr 서론 편평족은 2 세무렵소아의약 97% 에서발견되고 10 세에는 4% 정 도로감소하는흔한질환이나대부분무증상이며유연성이있는 The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association Volume 49 Number Copyright 2014 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 367 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 것으로보고되고있다. 1) 편평족의병리는전족부, 중족부, 후족부사이에복합적인변형이동반된다. 2) 대부분거종관절 (talocalcaneal joint), 설상중족관절 (cuneiform-metatarsal joint) 부분에서내측세로궁이소실되어내측세로궁의높이가감소하고후족부외반및전족부외전, 외측거골하관절의아탈구가일어날수있다. 3) 그중에서소아유연성편평족은내측세로궁과족부의지방조직이정상적으로잘발달하는 5세이후부터진단하기에용이하며 4) 진단방법에는증상의유무, 체중부하시또는비체중부하시내측세로궁모양의비교, 비정상적보행의유무및방사선검사등이이용되고있다. 이중특히방사선검사는편평족의해부-병리적변형정도를평가하여치료방향결정에단서를제공한다고알려져있지만, 소아의경우다른연령에비해족부에연부조직이풍부하고골자체가미성숙한상태이며계속적인성장단계에있으므로방사선검사를통하여얻는정보의제한이있는실정이다. 이러한방사선검사의단점을극복하기위해최근족저압검사가많이이용되고있다. 4) 따라서본연구에서는소아유연성편평족환자에서단순방사선검사와족저압검사를시행하여족부의변형정도를파악하고두검사간의연관성및족저압검사의유용성을알아보고자하였다. 환자중신경적이상증상이있거나, 티눈이나압박종등다른병변이존재한경우, 족부및족관절에수술을받은과거력이있는환자를제외한 17명, 34예의족부와정상소아 10명, 20예의족부를정상군으로선정하여연구를시행하였다. 유연성편평족환자군은남자 9명, 여자 8명이었으며평균연령은 8.2 세 ( 세 ), 평균몸무게는 27.9 kg ( kg), 평균신장은 cm ( cm) 이었다. 정상군에서남자는 7명, 여자는 3명이었으며평균연령은 9.0 세 ( 세 ), 평균몸무게는 34.2 kg ( kg), 평균신장은 cm ( cm) 였고편평족환자군과정상군간의통계적유의성은없었다. 2. 연구방법 1) 단순방사선검사 (plain radiography) 단순방사선사진촬영시환자는양하지를신전, 중립위로위치한후체중부하상태에서전후면및측면사진을촬영하였다. 족부의전후면사진에서는거골- 제1 중족각 (talo-1st metatarsal angle) 을측정하였으며족부의측면사진에서는거골- 제1 중족각 (talo-1st metatarsal angle), 종골- 수평각 (calcaneo-pitch angle), 거종각 (talocalcaneal angle), 거골- 수평각 (talo-horizontal angle) 을측정하였다 (Fig. 1). 대상및방법 1. 대상 2011 년 3월부터 2012 년 7월까지보행이상과이학적검사및단순방사선검사상유연성편평족이의심되어족저압검사를실시한 2) 족저압검사 (pedobarography) 모든환자에서시행한족저압검사는 EMED-at 25/D system (Novel GMBH Inc., Munich, Germany) 을이용하였다. EMEDat 25/D system 은 mm 2 의센서가내장된발판 (sensor platform) 에약 1,400 개의센서 (sensor) 가있는장치로족저압검사 Figure 1. Radiographic indices in a flatfoot. (A) Anteroposterior view: talo-1st metatarsal angle. (B) Lateral view: talo-1st metatarsal angle. (C) Lateral view: calcaneal pitch. (D) Lateral view: talocalcaneal angle. (E) Lateral view: talo-horizontal angle.

3 368 설영준 정성택 양현기외 4 인 Figure 2. Pedobarographic result. (A) Foot pressure data. (B) Contact time data. (C) Contact area data. ROP, roll of process. 를시행할환자와보호자에게충분한설명을한다음맨발로보행하는동적인상태에서발판을밟는순간 25 Hz로족저압 (peak pressure), 접촉면적 (contact area), 접촉시간 (contact time), 최대힘 (maximum force) 등을측정하였다. 동일방법으로총 3회시행하여각각의평균값을측정하였다. EMED-at 25/D system 을이용하여양측족부를각각전족부, 중족부, 후족부, 족지부의 4구역으로나누었으며족저압, 접촉시간, 접촉면적을측정하였다. 또한 4구역을두번째발가락과뒤꿈치중심을잇는선을기준으로하여내측면과외측면으로구분하여총 8구역으로세분화하였으며각구역의족저압및각각의값이전체에해당하는비율을구하였고, 전족부, 중족부, 후족부의전체족부에대한접촉시간및접촉면적의비율은막대그래프로표시하였다 (Fig. 2). 또한보행하는동안의족저압중심 (center of pressure) 의이동에대한평가는족저압중심이동경로의전후길이와족부전체의전후길이의비인전후지수 (anteroposterior index) 와족저압중심이동경로의최대외측편향길이와족부의최대좌우길이비인족부외측편향지수 (center of pressure excursion index) 를측정하였다 (Fig. 3). 5) 위의내용을바탕으로얻은결과값의통계적인검증은 PASW Statistics ver (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 을이용하였다. 먼저단순방사선검사와족저압검사의환자군과정상군을비교하였으며족저압검사와단순방사선검사의연관성을알아보았다. 환자군과정상군사이의족저압비율, 접촉면적, 접촉시간결과값차이는독립분석 t-test 를시행하였고족저압결과값과단순방사선결과값사이의관련성및압력중심축의내측편향정도는단순상관분석방법을시행하였으며유의수준은 p<0.05 로하였다. Figure 3. Anteroposterior index (B/A) and center of pressure excursion index (D/C). A, anteroposterior length of the foot; B, anteroposterior length of the path of the center of pressure; C, maximum width of the foot; D, lateral deviation of the center of pressure from the construction. 1. 방사선검사 결과 편평족환자군의단순방사선검사에서족부의전후면사진상거 골 - 제 1 중족각은 20.7 o (2.6 o o ) 로측정되었으며, 족부의측면 사진상에서는거골 - 제 1 중족각은 11.4 o (4.2 o o ), 거골 - 수평각 은 41.1 o (22.0 o o ), 종골 - 수평각은 11.9 o (4.0 o o ), 거종각은 53.2 o (35.1 o o ) 로측정되었다. 정상군의단순방사선검사에서 족부의전후사진상에서는거골 - 제 1 중족각은 18.3 o (6.8 o o ) 로 측정되었으며, 족부의측면사진상에서는거골 - 제 1 중족각은 5.7 o (1.2 o -9.9 o ), 거골 - 수평각은 26.8 o (18.3 o o ), 종골 - 수평각은 16.1 o

4 369 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 Table 1. Radiographic Measurement Flatfoot ( o ) Normal ( o ) Reference ( o )* p-value Anteroposterior talo-1st metatarsal angle 20.7 ( ) 18.3 ( ) Lateral talo-1st metatarsal angle 11.4 ( ) 5.7 ( ) Lateral calcaneo-pitch angle 11.9 ( ) 16.1 ( ) Lateral talocalcaneal angle 53.2 ( ) 46.6 ( ) Lateral talo-horizontal angle 41.1 ( ) 26.8 ( ) Values are presented as median (range). Independent t-test was used. *Normal range of radiologic measurement is from Duk Yong Lee s Pediatric orthopaedics, 3rd edition. Statistically significant. (9.8 o o ), 거종각은 46.6 o (37.9 o o ) 로측정되었다. 그결과편평족환자군에서측면사진상의거골- 제1 중족각 (p=0.001), 거골- 수평각 (p=0.001) 과거종각 (p=0.004) 이정상군에비해통계적으로유의하게증가하였고측면사진상의종골- 수평각 (p=0.016) 이통계적으로유의하게감소하였다 (Table 1). 그러므로단순방사선검사를통해유연성편평족환자군에서족부의변형을진단할수있고특히전후면사진보다는측면사진의결과값이정상군과의차이를더욱잘반영하므로유연성편평족환자에서의진단시유용할것으로생각된다. 2. 족저압검사 1) 족저압비율정상군과족저압결과값을비교한결과유연성편평족환자군에서전족부의외측 (p=0.027), 후족부의내측족저압비율 (p=0.046) 값이감소하였고, 중족부의내측 (p=0.001), 외측 (p=0.002) 족저압비율값이크게증가하였다. 2) 접촉면적비율유연성편평족환자군에서의접촉면적비율은정상군과비교한결과전족부 (p=0.035) 는감소하였으며, 중족부 (p=0.006) 는증가하였다. 3) 접촉시간비율접촉시간비율은유연성편평족환자군과정상군에서통계적으로유의한차이는없었다. 이러한결과는유연성편평족환아에서보행시상대적으로내측세로궁이감소하면서중족부의족저압, 접촉면적이정상군에비해증가하게되어정상적인족부의운동역학에변화가올수있음을확인할수있었다 (Table 2). 4) 압력중심축의내측편향압력중심축의내측편향정도는유연성편평족환자군의전후지수 (anteroposterior index) 는평균 0.81 이고정상군은 0.84 로통계 Table 2. Comparison of Pedobarographic Results between Flatfoot and Normal Foot Foot pressure ratio (%) 적으로유의한차이를보이지않았으며외측편향지수 (center of pressure excursion index) 역시유연성편평족환자군은평균 0.11 이고정상군은 0.15 로통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (Table 2). 3. 방사선검사와족저압검사의관련성 Flatfoot Normal p-value Forefoot lateral Midfoot medial Midfoot lateral Hindfoot medial Contact area ratio (%) Forefoot Midfoot Center of pressure Excursion index Anteroposterior index Independent t-test was used. 유연성편평족환자군의단순방사선검사결과값과족저압검 사결과값사이의관련성을단순상관분석방법을이용하여알 아본결과보행도중에측정한전족부의내측, 외측족저압비율 은방사선검사중측면상의거종각과유의한관련성이있었고 중족부의내측, 외측족저압비율은측면에서측정한모든방사 선결과값 ( 거골 - 제 1 중족각, 종골 - 수평각, 거종각, 거골 - 수평각 ) 과유의한관련성이있었고전족부와중족부의접촉면적역시 모든측면상의방사선결과값과유의한관련성이있었다. 그리고 중족부의접촉시간은모든측면상의방사선결과값과유의한 관련성이있었고전족부와중족부의접촉면적역시모든측면상 의방사선결과값과유의한관련성이있었다 (Table 3). 또한압력중심축의내측편향정도와단순방사선검사값과

5 370 설영준 정성택 양현기외 4 인 Table 3. Association between Pedobarographic Measurement and Radiographic Measurement of Flatfeet in Children Pressure ratio (%) Anteroposterior talo-1st metatarsal angle Lateral talo-1st metatarsal angle Lateral calcaneopitch angle Lateral talocalcaneal angle Lateral talohorizontal angle Midfoot medial * 0.001* 0.003* 0.012* Midfoot lateral * 0.002* 0.001* 0.011* Forefoot medial * Forefoot lateral * Contact time ratio (%) Midfoot * 0.004* 0.001* 0.007* Contact area ratio (%) Forefoot * 0.001* 0.002* 0.007* Midfoot * 0.003* 0.001* 0.008* Bivariate correlation analysis was used. *Statistically significant. Table 4. Association between Center of Pressure and Radiographic Measurement Angle 의관련성을알아본결과족부의전후지수가전후면방사선검 사에서의거골 - 제 1 중족각 (p=0.023) 과측면영상에서의거골 - 제 1 중족각 (p=0.031) 및거골 - 수평각 (p=0.030) 이통계적으로유의하 였다 (Table 4). 이와같이이제까지유연성편평족진단에주로이 용되고있는단순방사선검사와족저압검사결과값은여러부 분에서서로관련성이많은것을알수있으며또한족저압검사 결과를통해유연성편평족환자중족부에족압, 접촉시간, 접촉 면적의증가정도를객관적으로분석할수있고체중부하가중 족부로더실리게되어운동역학에변화가생겨여러가지임상 증상을유발할수있음을유추할수있었다. 고찰 Center of pressure index Excursion index (p) Anteroposterior index (p) Anteroposterior talo-1st metatarsal angle * Lateral talo-1st metatarsal angle * Lateral calcaneo-pitch angle Lateral talocalcaneal angle Lateral talo-horizontal angle * Bivariate correlation analysis was used. *Statistically significant. p, the significance level. 편평족은내측세로궁이소실되어족저부가편평하게되는변형 의총칭으로, 소아에게흔한질환이다. 내측세로궁의형성이나 이, 성별, 관절의과운동성, 후족부의배열등을포함한많은요소 에의해영향을받는다는것이 Mickle 등 4) 에의해밝혀졌다. 이러한내측세로궁의변화는방사선검사를통해가장정확하게발견할수있다. 그러므로편평족은주로임상적양상과함께방사선검사를통하여진단하는데편평족환자에서방사선측정결과는족부의전후면사진상거골- 제1 중족각의증가, 측면사진상거골- 제1 중족각, 거골- 수평각, 거종각은증가하고, 종골- 수평각은감소한다고보고되었는데 6) 이번연구에서유연성편평족환자군의방사선검사에서도이와비슷한양상으로측정되어이를바탕으로임상적검사와함께소아유연성편평족환자와정상소아를분류하여연구하였다. 하지만방사선검사는환자가기립하여체중부하후정지한상태에서시행하므로족부의상태가동적이지못하고환자의보행시족저압의변화를제대로반영하지못한다고할수있다. 반면족저압검사는방사선검사시감수해야하는방사선조사에대한위험성이전혀없어아무런부작용없이반복적인측정이가능하며보행시족저압의분산을역동적으로측정할수있어 7) 수술후의변화나족부변형이시간이지남에따라변하는양상을정량적및정성적으로측정할수있는유용한검사방법으로알려져왔다. 8,9) 또한족저압검사에서는보행시족저압의변화를내측부와외측부로구분하여측정할수있고이값들을비교함으로써보행시족부의내반- 외반변형도예측할수있다. 실제로유연성편평족에대한진단및치료를위해내원한환자들중에는오랜보행이나달리기등체중부하상태에서활동한후에증상을호소하기도하므로환자가역동적으로보행중인상태에서검사를해야만더욱유연성편평족의병태생리를잘반영한다고할수있다. 더군다나소아편평족진단에족저압을측정하여정량화한후족부질환병리에대한연구는족저압측정법이개선됨에따라임상적, 과학적유용성이증가하고있다. 3) 과거의연구는 Harris foot plate 를이용하여신발을신지않은상태에서보행

6 371 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 주기중한순간만을포착하여족압을평가한것이었으나신발안에장착할수있는얇고유동적인탐색자의개발로최근에들어보행중에나타나는족저압의변화에대한연구의관심이높아지고있는실정이다. 3,7,8) 또한, 족부의병적인상태가없는정상인에서도족부통증과족저압사이의관계에대한다양한연구가진행중이다. 10) 이중편평족을동반한뇌성마비환자에서외측종골연장술후치료결과를알아보기위한방법으로족저압검사를시행한결과편평족을동반한뇌성마비환자에서족부변형의첫번째병인은거골두의이탈이고족저부의중간부분의압력이증가하며동시에뒤꿈치부위의족저압은아킬레스건혹은가자미근의단축등으로인해감소하는것으로알려져있다. 11) 이러한족부의구조적변형은방사선측정값에영향을미치며아울러족부와지면사이의반응관계를정량화할수있는족저압검사에도영향을끼친다는것을확인할수있었다. 이번연구결과에서도정상군에비해상대적으로족저압, 접촉면적, 접촉시간은중족부에서증가하고전족부와후족부는전반적으로감소하는경향을보이며압력중심축이내측으로기울어지게측정되는것으로보아내측세로궁소실과후족부의외반및전족부외회전변형이동반될수있음을확인할수있었다. 이전족저압검사는대부분뇌성마비환자들이나다른여러가지원인및족부의변형으로인해보행및족부에심각한장애가있어수술적치료가필요한소아나성인만을대상으로시행되어왔기때문에연구대상이매우적고병적변형이상당히진행된족부에국한되어있는실정이었다. 12) Kadhim 등 13) 은전신적인대이완성을동반한소아에서편평외반족의수술적치료후족저압검사를통해의미있는족저압변화및접촉부위분포가향상됨을알수있다고보고하였다. 하지만이번연구에서는다른질환이나변형이동반되지않은일반적인소아유연성편평족환자를대상으로하였으며족저압과방사선검사의관련성뿐만아니라족저압검사결과접촉면적및접촉시간도통계적으로정상군에비해유의하게변화하였다고증명하였다. 또한족저압검사는방사선조사등의부작용이없고검사하는방법자체가매우간단하며실제환자가보행하는상태에서의족압, 접촉면적및시간등을정량적및정성적으로측정할수있어족부의전반적인변화를알아보는데매우유용한검사방법이라는것을확인할수있었다. 이번연구를통해소아편평족환자에서방사선검사와족저압검사사이에관련성이있음을알수있었으나몇가지제한사항이있다. 첫째이번연구의대상은평균나이 8.2 세의어린환자였고가장어린환자는 5세의남아환자로검사시검사자의설명과지시사항을정확하게이행하기가쉽지않고경우에따라서는보호자의도움이필요했다. 둘째 EMED-at 25/D system 으로족저압측정시환자는자신의보폭및발의딛는순서를 platform 에맞춰 걸어야하기때문에 platform 을딛는순간에는부자연스러운자세로보행하게되는경우가많았다. 물론측정하기전실험자가충분한설명및여러차례교육및연습을실시하고측정하였지만어느정도의자세불안정및부자연스러운보행을완전히배제할수는없었다. 그리고이번연구에서는소아유연성편평족환자 17명, 34예의족부와본과외래진료후외래추시결과나방사선검사결과가정상인소아 10명, 20예의족부를정상군으로선정하여비교하여결론을도출하였다. 만약더많은수의환자군과정상소아에서족저압검사결과값을도출한다음이번연구결과를비교분석하였으면더욱의의있는결론도출이가능하였을것이다. 본연구를통해족저압검사의유용성을증명하였으므로먼저유연성편평족의심하에내원한소아들의족부병변및변형에대해정확한이학적, 방사선검사를시행하여야하며추가적으로비교적간단하게시행할수있는족저압검사를하여소아의유연성편평족을보다쉽고정확하게진단할수있도록해야할것이다. 결론 본연구에서소아의편평족진단에족저압검사와방사선검사는여러결과값들에서연관성이있었다. 그리고족저압검사는보행상태를잘반영하는역동적인검사이며그결과값의분석을통해정상군에비하여보행중에중족부의다양한변화를알수있고압력중심이내측편향되는것을확인할수있었다. 또한이를바탕으로족저압검사는정량적및정성적인방법으로소아편평족진단에도움을줄수있을것이다. REFERENCES 1. Ananthakrisnan D, Ching R, Tencer A, Hansen ST Jr, Sangeorzan BJ. Subluxation of the talocalcaneal joint in adults who have symptomatic flatfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999; 81: Brooks MH. Flat feet in children. BMJ. 1991;302: Han SH, Jung M, Lee JW. Pedobarographic analysis in functional foot orthosis. J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. 2006;10: Mickle KJ, Steele JR, Munro BJ. Is the foot structure of preschool children moderated by gender? J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28: Jameson EG, Davids JR, Anderson JP, Davis RB 3rd, Blackhurst DW, Christopher LM. Dynamic pedobarography for children: use of the center of pressure progression. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:254-8.

7 372 설영준 정성택 양현기외 4 인 6. Harris EJ, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2004;43: Pauk J, Daunoraviciene K, Ihnatouski M, Griskevicius J, Raso JV. Analysis of the plantar pressure distribution in children with foot deformities. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2010;12: Park ES, Kim HW, Park CI, Rha DW, Park CW. Dynamic foot pressure measurements for assessing foot deformity in persons with spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87: Alvarez C, De Vera M, Chhina H, Black A. Normative data for the dynamic pedobarographic profiles of children. Gait Posture. 2008;28: Oeffinger DJ, Pectol RW Jr, Tylkowski CM. Foot pressure and radiographic outcome measures of lateral column lengthening for pes planovalgus deformity. Gait Posture. 2000;12: Bae HS, Park CI, Shin JC, Park JW. The changes of plantar pressure and pathway of center of pressure in foot during the gait in normal preschool children with age. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 2001;25: Moon HW, Park SI, Rah UW, Lee IY, Yim SY, Kim JH. Foot pressure measurement using F-scan system in normal Korean adults. J Korean Acad Rehab Med. 1995;19: Kadhim M, Holmes L Jr, Miller F. Correlation of radiographic and pedobarograph measurements in planovalgus foot deformity. Gait Posture. 2012;36:

8 373 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 족저압검사의유용성및방사선검사와의관련성 소아의유연성편평족환아에서족저압검사방법의유용성과방사선검사와의관련성 설영준 정성택 양현기 이근배 오창선 정영주 조행난 전남대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 목적 : 유연성편평족소아에서족저압검사의유용성과방사선검사와의관련성을알아보았다. 대상및방법 : 환아 17명, 정상 10명을대상으로하여방사선검사를통해전후면거골- 제1 중족각, 측면상거골- 제1 중족각, 거골-수평각, 종골- 수평각, 거종각을측정하였다. 족저압검사는접촉시간과면적비율, 압력중심의편향정도및방사선과의연관성을알아보았다. 결과 : 방사선검사의모든측면각들이족저압검사에서전족부의외측, 중족부의내측과외측, 후족부의내측족저압비율이차이가났고, 전족부와중족부의접촉면적비율이차이가났으며접촉시간에서는차이가없었다. 그리고전족부의내측과외측족저압은거종각과관련성이있었고중족부의내측과외측족저압은모든측면각들과관련성이있었다. 중족부의접촉시간및전족부와중족부의접촉면적은모든측면상의방사선결과값과관련성이있었다. 또한압력중심의편향정도는전, 후면의거골- 제1 중족각과측면의거골- 제1 중족각및거골- 수평각과관련성이있었다. 결론 : 족저압검사와방사선검사는많은연관성이있고보행중의족부변형및역학적변화를정량적및정성적으로분석할수있는유용한검사방법이다. 색인단어 : 유연성편평족, 족저압검사, 방사선검사 접수일 2013 년 8 월 14 일수정일 2014 년 2 월 11 일게재확정일 2014 년 6 월 25 일책임저자정성택광주시동구제봉로 42, 전남대학교병원정형외과 TEL , FAX , stjung@chonnam.ac.kr 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 49 권제 5 호 2014 Copyright 2014 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례 CSE REPORT 대한족부족관절학회지 제16권 제4호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp.270-275, 2012 종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 정형외과 차성무 장보훈 서진수 Treatment of Talonavicular Subluxation

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(1):1-5 편평족의진단 이태훈, 최서우, 김학

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(1):1-5   편평족의진단 이태훈, 최서우, 김학 Review Article pissn 1738-3757 eissn 2288-8551 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(1):1-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2016.20.1.1 편평족의진단 이태훈, 최서우, 김학준 고려대학교의과대학구로병원정형외과학교실 Diagnosis of Flatfoot Deformity

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

< DC1F5B7CA28C1B6BAB4B1E22DB1E8BCAEBFF D36392E687770>

< DC1F5B7CA28C1B6BAB4B1E22DB1E8BCAEBFF D36392E687770> DTF! SFQPSU 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 16 권제 1 호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 1. pp.65-69, 2012 양측성완전거종골결합증에서시행한종골의외측전위절골술 (1 예보고 ) 충북대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 김석원 조병기 김용민 김동수 최의성 손현철 박경진 박지강 Lateral Sliding alcaneal

More information

<30322DC0CCBFECC3B52831C0FAC0DAB5BFC0CF29382D31322E687770>

<30322DC0CCBFECC3B52831C0FAC0DAB5BFC0CF29382D31322E687770> 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 11 권제 1 호 2007 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol. 11. No. 1. pp.8-12, 2007 인제대학교의과대학서울백병원정형외과학교실 The Height and Volume of Medial Longitudinal Arch in Normal and Painful Feet Woo-Chun Lee, M.D.,

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2017;21(1): 제 1 열전족부절골술을통한평발교정

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2017;21(1): 제 1 열전족부절골술을통한평발교정 Original Article pissn 1738-3757 eissn 2288-8551 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2017;21(1):7-11 https://doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2017.21.1.7 제 1 열전족부절골술을통한평발교정에있어골이식없이사용한소형쐐기형금속판의치료결과 최준영, 신명진 *, 서진수 * W 병원족부족관절센터,

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

110 Sun Young Joo and Jung Ryul Kim A B Figure 1. (A) Clinical photograph of the foot demonstrating flexible flatfoot deformity. (B) An arch is create

110 Sun Young Joo and Jung Ryul Kim A B Figure 1. (A) Clinical photograph of the foot demonstrating flexible flatfoot deformity. (B) An arch is create 109 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Symposium J Korean Orthop Assoc 2016; 51: 109-116 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2016.51.2.109 www.jkoa.org Common Problems in Skeletally Immature Patients 소아및청소년유연성편평족의치료

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

untitled

untitled 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 8 권제 1 호 2004 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol 8. No. 1. pp.31-38, 2004 족근중족관절의특발성골관절염에대한수술적치료및임상적결과에대한분석 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, Mercy Medial Center*, Union Memorial Hospital 정홍근 변우섭 Mark S. Myerson*

More information

59 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54:

59 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54: 59 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54: 59-66 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2019.54.1.59 www.jkoa.org Ponseti 방법으로치료를시작한선천성만곡족환자에서수술적치료여부를예측할수있는방사선적지표 송광순

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2014;18(3): 후천적성인편평족 : 병태생리,

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2014;18(3): 후천적성인편평족 : 병태생리, Review Article pissn 1738-3757 eissn 2288-8551 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2014;18(3):87-92 http://dx.doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2014.18.3.87 후천적성인편평족 : 병태생리, 진단과비수술적치료 성기선, 유인상 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원정형외과학교실 Acquired

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

untitled

untitled 대한골절학회지제24권, 제3호, 2011년 7월 Journal of the Korean Fracture Society Vol. 24, No. 3, July, 2011 증례보고 족관절탈구후후경골건감돈과장족무지굴건이탈에동반된 Checkrein 변형 - 증례보고 - 배서영ㆍ정형진ㆍ김만영 인제대학교상계백병원정형외과 20 세남자환자가우측족관절탈구로원위경비관절고정과외고정술을시행받았는데,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

아동용신발사이즈조절에따른생체역학적분석 Biomechanical Analysis of Size Adjustable Children s Shoes 박승범 *, 이경득 *, 이정호 *, 김대웅 *, 박상균 ** * ( 재 ) 부산경제진흥원신발산업진흥센터, ** 캘거리대학교

아동용신발사이즈조절에따른생체역학적분석 Biomechanical Analysis of Size Adjustable Children s Shoes 박승범 *, 이경득 *, 이정호 *, 김대웅 *, 박상균 ** * ( 재 ) 부산경제진흥원신발산업진흥센터, ** 캘거리대학교 아동용신발사이즈조절에따른생체역학적분석 Biomechanical Analysis of Size Adjustable Children s Shoes 박승범 *, 이경득 *, 이정호 *, 김대웅 *, 박상균 ** * ( 재 ) 부산경제진흥원신발산업진흥센터, ** 캘거리대학교 교신저자 : 박승범 (sbpark@kfiglobal.or.kr) ABSTRACT 본연구에서는성장기아동성장속도에맞추어변화하는발사이즈를고려하여신발을알맞은사이즈로맞추어착용할수있도록전후신발사이즈조절이가능한신발을개발하여발과신발의크기변화가발의생체역학적영향에어떠한영향을미치는지에대해관찰하였다.

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(2): 요족의진단과치료 서재완 *,

Review Article pissn eissn J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(2): 요족의진단과치료 서재완 *, Review Article pissn 1738-3757 eissn 2288-8551 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(2):55-61 http://dx.doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2016.20.2.55 요족의진단과치료 서재완 *, 최우진, 이진우 연세대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, * 단국대학교병원정형외과 Diagnosis

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

untitled

untitled 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 8 권제 2 호 2004 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol 8. No. 2. pp.199-203, 2004 무지외반증환자의근위부절골술후발생한의인성제 1 중족골의족배굴곡증의치료 -1 예보고 - 을지대학교의과대학노원을지병원정형외과학교실 이경태 양기원 김재영 차승도 김응수 손상우 Treatment of Iatrogenic

More information

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 하지대근육군 (Lower limbs muscular) 젂경골근 (Tibial Anterior) 젂경골근의족배굴곡을하는힘의주동근이다. 발목관젃의근육은발목을움직임을정확하게아는것이중요하다. 해당동작으로움직여보면근육의위치를앋수있다. 걷기와뛰기 ( 발뒤꿈치가땅에닿은후발앞부분이땅에급격 히떨어지지않도록작용한다. 젂경골근 (Tibial Anterior) 서서있는상태에서몸이과다하게뒤로갈때는싞장수축,

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

untitled

untitled ISSN 1225-1682 (Print) ISSN 2287-9293 (Online) 대한골절학회지제 27 권, 제 3 호, 2014 년 7 월 J Korean Fract Soc 2014;27(3):222-226 http://dx.doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2014.27.3.222 Case Report 거골외측돌기골절과동반된비골건탈구 - 증례보고

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

Effect of taping therapy and inner arch support on plantar lower body alignment and gait Sojung Lee 1, Dawun Jeong 1, Dong-Eun Kim 2, Kyungock Yi 3 1

Effect of taping therapy and inner arch support on plantar lower body alignment and gait Sojung Lee 1, Dawun Jeong 1, Dong-Eun Kim 2, Kyungock Yi 3 1 Effect of taping therapy and inner arch support on plantar lower body alignment and gait Sojung Lee 1, Dawun Jeong 1, Dong-Eun Kim 2, Kyungock Yi 3 1 Department of Fashion Industry, Graduate School of

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770> Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

untitled

untitled 대한재활의학회지 : 제 33 권제 1 호 29 경직성뇌성마비환아에서흔하게나타나는하지관절의보행이상 연세대학교의과대학재활의학교실및재활의학연구소박은숙ㆍ나동욱ㆍ김형빈ㆍ김민준 Common Gait Abnormalities of Each Joint in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Eun Sook Park, M.D., Dong-Wook

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

하에서체중부하를하지않도록한다. 하지만전위가없는거골경부골절에서도비관혈적정복 후컴퓨터촬영상 1mm 이하의전위로해부학적정복이된경우에한해서빠른재활과관절의 운동을위해경피적나사못고정술을고려해볼수있다. (2) 제 2 형골절 : 제 2형골절은전위된골절로대부분거골하관절의아탈구또는탈구를

하에서체중부하를하지않도록한다. 하지만전위가없는거골경부골절에서도비관혈적정복 후컴퓨터촬영상 1mm 이하의전위로해부학적정복이된경우에한해서빠른재활과관절의 운동을위해경피적나사못고정술을고려해볼수있다. (2) 제 2 형골절 : 제 2형골절은전위된골절로대부분거골하관절의아탈구또는탈구를 Talus fractures and complications 조선대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 이준영 거골골절은전체족부골절의약 3% 정도로, 흔한골절은아니지만대부분이관절내골절이며발생시심각한합병증이동반되므로중요하게취급되어왔다. 거골은경골, 비골, 종골및주상골과관절을이루고있어족관절및중족부관절의관절운동에관여하게된다. 거골은근육이나건과의연결이없고주위구조물과는단지관절연골및활액막으로연결되어있다.

More information

광주국제족부관절심포지엄프로그램_웹용_수정2.indd

광주국제족부관절심포지엄프로그램_웹용_수정2.indd 2016 광주 국제 족부족관절 심포지엄 및 전남대학교병원 106주년 기념 국제심포지엄 Gwangju International Foot and Ankle Symposium & International Symposium for the 106th Anniversary of Chonnam National University Hospital Current Concepts

More information

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 Foot Orthoses Prescription for Arch Height Disorders - Pes planus and Pes cavus- 인제의대일산백병원재활의학과 교수이홍재 M.D. 목차 1. Pes planus and pes cavus foot 의생체역학적특징과연관질환들 2. Foot orthoses 제작방법들 / 처방가이드라인 3. Foot orthoses

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

untitled

untitled 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 44 권제 6 호 2009 J Korean Orthop Assoc 2009; 44: 634-641 DOI: 10.4055/jkoa.2009.44.6.634 Ponseti 방법을이용한선천성만곡족치료 심종섭ㆍ서성욱ㆍ김창영ㆍ정철희 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원정형외과학교실 Congenital Clubfoot Treated with the

More information

<30332DC1A4C8ABB1D928B1E8C0AFC1F D31372E687770>

<30332DC1A4C8ABB1D928B1E8C0AFC1F D31372E687770> 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 11 권제 1 호 2007 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol. 11. No. 1. pp.13-17, 2007 건국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 *, 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 김유진 정홍근 * 방승철 Incidence of Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus in the Normal and Hallux

More information

#Ȳ¿ë¼®

#Ȳ¿ë¼® http://www.kbc.go.kr/ A B yk u δ = 2u k 1 = yk u = 0. 659 2nu k = 1 k k 1 n yk k Abstract Web Repertoire and Concentration Rate : Analysing Web Traffic Data Yong - Suk Hwang (Research

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

,, (, 2010). (, 2007).,,, DMB, ,, (, 2010)., LG., (, 2010) (, ,, ) 3, 10, (, 2009).,,. (, 2010)., (, 2010). 11

,, (, 2010). (, 2007).,,, DMB, ,, (, 2010)., LG., (, 2010) (, ,, ) 3, 10, (, 2009).,,. (, 2010)., (, 2010). 11 20 6( 64) pp.6181 2011.12 A Study on the Effect of Easiness to Use the Food Service Related Application of Smart Phone on Intentions of Use : Focused on the Mediation Effect of Familarity and Usefulness

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

76 대한한방소아과학회지, Vol.24, No.2, August, 2010 胃中不和 胃熱 勞心 心火 虛熱 心脾虛弱 肺熱 脾熱 脾常不足 肺常不足 1. 연구대상 2. 대상자의평가 1) 구취의평가 外亂因子 鼻呼吸 2) 설문조사

76 대한한방소아과학회지, Vol.24, No.2, August, 2010 胃中不和 胃熱 勞心 心火 虛熱 心脾虛弱 肺熱 脾熱 脾常不足 肺常不足 1. 연구대상 2. 대상자의평가 1) 구취의평가 外亂因子 鼻呼吸 2) 설문조사 대한한방소아과학회지제 24 권제 2 호 (2010 년 8 월 ) J Korean Oriental Pediatrics, August, 2010;24(2):75-87 투고 : 2010년 7월 23일, 수정 : 2010년 8월 14일, 채택 : 2010년 8월 16일 교신저자 : 윤혜준, 서울특별시동대문구회기동 1번지경희의료원한방병원소아과 (Tel : 02-958-9172,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95

에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95 에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 96 97 98 99 100 101

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

07 이호승( ).hwp

07 이호승( ).hwp 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 권제 호 6 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol.. No.. pp.56-6, 6 무지외반증에서외측연부조직유리술을함께시행한원위갈매기형절골술의치료결과 울산대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 한일병원정형외과 * 이호승 지형철 이성우 김종민 * The Results of Distal Chevron Osteotomy with Lateral

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

<333220B1E8B5BFC1D82DB0F8B1D4B9CE D E687770>

<333220B1E8B5BFC1D82DB0F8B1D4B9CE D E687770> 대한족부족관절학회지 : 제 10 권제 2 호 2006 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol. 10. No. 2. pp.279-283, 2006 종자골이감입된족무지지관절탈구 -2 예보고 - 한동대학교선린병원정형외과학교실 김동준 문상호 서병호 공규민 Interphalangeal Dislocation of Great Toe with Incarcerated

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

http://www.kbc.go.kr/pds/2.html Abstract Exploring the Relationship Between the Traditional Media Use and the Internet Use Mee-Eun Kang This study examines the relationship between

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information