DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

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1 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 21, No. 4, pp (2017) Open Access Online ISSN Print ISSN ORIGINAL ARTICLES 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 박연기 * 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭국립농업과학원농산물안전성부농자재평가과 Acute Toxicity of Pesticides to Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Changes of Toxicity to the Exposure Time Yeon-Ki Park*, Jin-A Oh, Are-Sun You, Soo-Jin Park, You-Mi Jo, Je-Bong Lee and Chan-Sup Kim Division of Agro-material Safety evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (Received on October 27, Revised on November 22, Accepted on November 27, 2017) Abstract The 48 hr-lc 50 and 96 hr-lc 50 of 1,483 pesticides to carp (Cyprinus carpio) were classified into three grades and compared. And the values of 48 hr-lc 50 divided by 96 hr-lc 50 were calculated to detect changes in toxicity due to differences in exposure time. Based on Korea s criterion, the acute toxicity for fish were classified using 48hr-LC 50. As a result, 237 pesticides were grade I (LC 50 < 0.5 mg/l), 203 pesticides were grade II (0.5 LC 50 < 2 mg/l ) and 1,043 pesticides were grade III (LC 50 2 mg/l) among the 1,483 pesticides. As toxicity classification by crop type, 83 (12.9%) pesticides were grade II and 560 (87.1%) pesticides were grade III among 643 paddy field pesticides, and for 840 gardening pesticides, 237 (28.2%), 116 (13.8%) and 487 (58.0%) pesticides were classified as grade I, II and III. By dividing 48 hr-lc 50 into 96 hr-lc 50 to detect changes in toxicity due to differences in exposure time, in case of 831 pesticides (56%), there were no toxic variation over time since toxic expressions were completed within 48 hours. However the ratio of LC 50 values of 48 h and 96 h for 612 pesticides (41.3%) were 1.01~1.99 times and 40 pesticides (2.7%) were more than 2 times due to the continued toxic expressions as the exposure time increases. Key words pesticide, acute toxicity, fish, carp (Cyprinus carpio). exposure time 서 론 농약은병 해충 잡초를방제하는약제로서정도의차이는있으나독성을지니고있으므로사용과취급에는각별한주의가요구된다. 즉, 농약의독성정도에따라독성을구분하여취급제한기준을정하고포장지 ( 병 ) 나사용설명서에경고문구나주의사항또는그림문자를표시하여사용자나취급자의안전과수생생태계를보호할필요가있다. 논이나밭, 과수원같은농경지에살포된농약은비산이나유출등을통해비표적환경생물 ( 육상및수생 ) 에나쁜영향을미칠수있다. 따라서농약등록을위해서환경생물에대한위해성평가는필수적이다. 특히, 논에농약사용은 *Corresponding author [email protected] 농약의유효성분이논물에녹아관개수와직접연결된하천이나호수에유입될수있으므로우리나라와같이벼재배용농약사용량이많은경우에는수생생물에대한위해성평가는매우중요하다. 우리나라농약관리법에서는농약등록신청서류검토후해당농약이다량으로사용될경우수서생물에해를줄우려가있을때또는공공수역의수질이오염되어수생생태계를파괴할우려가있거나그물을이용하는사람과가축에해를줄우려가있을때는등록신청서류를반려하거나보완을요구하게되어있다 (PCA 2017). 그러나실제로는제출된등록신청농약의급성독성과등록신청농약의사용으로수생생물이노출될수있는환경중추정농도를산출하여비교함으로써위해성평가를수행하게된다. 농약등록시제출해야할수생생물에대한위해성평가관련시험성적서는등록신청자가제출토록하고있다. 제출된시험성적서는 453

2 454 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 단계적검토방법으로검토하되제1단계에서제출된시험성적으로검토하여안전성이인정되면검토를종료한다. 그러나제1단계에서안전성이인정되지않으면제2단계, 제3단계검토를수행하고, 검토에필요한자료는등록신청자가추가로제출하게되어있다. 제1단계검토시필수적으로제출해야할시험성적서는어류에대한급성독성시험성적서이다. 어류에대한급성독성시험성적은등록신청농약의다음단계평가결정과독성구분에중요하다. 어류에대한급성독성시험은농약에따라어류의감수성이달라지므로농약계통에따라적합한어종을선택해야한다는보고 (Luciano and Giovanna 1991, Lorraine et al. 2005, Bae et al. 2012) 와같이농약별시험어종에따라독성값차이가있을수있으므로 (Jonhson and Finley 1980) 국가별등록시험어종을추천하고있다. 우리나라에서는잉어또는송사리등온수어종에대한시험성적을요구하고있으나미국, 유럽등에서는냉수어와온수어에대한성적을요구하고있다. 실제자연환경에서는농약이수계로유입되더라도낮은농도로장시간이동없이존재하는것이보통이다 (Connell and Yu 2008, Connell et al. 2016). 이런노출시간에따라독성이달라지는문제를해결하기위해미국, 유럽등에서는급성위해성평가에 96시간 LC 50 를이용하고있다 (EPA OECD 1992). 그러나우리나라에서는 48시간 LC 50 값을어류에대한위해성평가에이용하고어독성도구분하고있다 (PCA. 2017). 어독성구분은 48시간 LC 50 이 0.5 mg/l 미만이면어독성 I급, 0.5 mg/l 이상 2mg/L 미만이면어독성 II급, 2 mg/l 이상이면어독성 III급으로한다. 특히, 벼재배용농약으로서어독성 I급으로분류되는농약은사용량, 제제의형태, 사용방법, 이화학적특성등을고려하여평가한결과안전성이인정되지않으면등록을보류할수있도록규정하고있다 (PCA. 2017). 이에본연구에서는농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화를알아보기위하여우리나라에등록되어있는 1,483품목에대해잉어에대한 48시간과 96시간 LC 50 값에따라각각독성등급을구분하였다. 그리고 48시간 LC 50 값과 96시간 LC 50 값을비교하여노출시간의차이에따른독성변화를알아보았다. 재료및방법 농약및원제의등록기준 ( 농촌진흥청고시 ) 의담수어류급성독성시험기준과방법에따라수행한농촌진흥청농약품목고시시험사업보고서 ( 93~ 96) 와국립농업과학원농약안전성전문위원회심의자료 ( 97~ 16) 를모아정리한국립농업과학원농자재평가과위해성평가실의환경생물독성데이터베이스를이용하였다. 우리나라에등록된 1,917품목 (KCPA 2016, 2017) 중에서 48시간 LC 50 값만있고 96시간 LC 50 값이없는농약을제외한 1,483품목에대해잉어에대한 48시간과 96시간 LC 50 값으로 I, II 그리고 III급으로어독성을구분하였고, 48시간 LC 50 을 96시간 LC 50 으로나눈값으로노출시간경과에따른독성의변화를알아보았다. 결과및고찰 농약 1,483품목의잉어에대한 48시간과 96시간 LC 50 값은 Table 1과같다. 1,483품목에서벼재배용은 643품목 (43.4%) 이었고원예용은 840품목 (56.6%) 를차지하였다. 대상병 해충잡초별로는살균제는 480품목, 살충 살균제는 81품목, 살충제는 418 품목, 제초제는 467품목, 생장조정제는 31품목기타 6품목이었다. 살균제 480품목중벼재배용은 113품목 (23.5%) 원예용은 367품목 (76.5%) 를차지하였고, 살충제 418품목중벼재배용은 90품목 (21.5%) 이었고원예용은 328품목 (78.5%) 으로살균제와살충제는원예용이벼재배용보다많았다. 그러나살균 살충제 81품목중벼재배용은 66품목 (81.5%), 원예용은 15품목 (18.5%) 이었고. 제초제 467품목중벼재배용은 375품목 (80.3%) 원예용은 92품목 (19.7%) 로살균 살충제와제초제는벼재배용이원예용보다더많았다. 생장조정제 31품목중벼재배용은 2품목 (6.5%) 원예용은 29품목 (93.5%) 으로원예용이벼재배용보다많았다. 우리나라어독성분류기준인 48시간 LC 50 값으로어독성을구분한결과, 1,483품목중어독성I급 (LC 50 <0.5 mg/l) 은 237품목 (16.0%) II급 (0.5 LC 50 <2 mg/l) 은 203품목 (13.7%), 그리고 III급 (LC 50 2mg/l) 은 1,043품목 (70.3%) 이었다. 적용작물별로독성등급을구분하면벼재배용농약 643 품목중 I급은없고 II급은 83품목 (12.9%), 그리고 III급은 560품목 (87.1%) 이었다. 원예용농약 840품목중 I급이 237 품목 (28.2%) II급이 116품목 (13.8%), 그리고 III급이 487품목 (58.0%) 이었다. 대상병 해충, 잡초별로독성등급을구분하면, 살균제 480품목중 I급은 96품목, II급은 80품목, 그리고 III급은 304품목이었고, 살충제 418품목중 I급은 131 품목 II급은 61품목그리고 III급은 226품목이었다. 살충 살균제 81품목중 I급은 6품목 II급은 20품목그리고 III급은 55품목이었다. 제초제 467품목중 I급은 3품목 II급은 37품목그리고 III급은 427품목이었다. 생장조정제 31품목중 II 급은 4품목그리고 III급은 27품목이었다. 기타 6품목은 I급은 1품목 II급은 1품목그리고 III급은 4품목이었다. 독성등급별로순위를보면어독성 I급은살충제 (131품목)> 살균제 (96품목)> 살충 살균제 (6품목)> 제초제 (3품목)> 기타 (1품목) 순이었고, 어독성 II급은살균제 (80품목)> 살충제 (61품목)> 제초제 (37품목)> 살균 살충제 (20품목)> 생장조정제 (4품목)> 기타 (1품목) 순이었다. 그리고어독성 III급은제초제 (427품

3 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 455 Table 1. LC 50 of 48 hour and 96 hour for pesticide products to carp (Cyprinus carpio) Abamectin DC Orange, Abamectin EC Apple, Abamectin Melon, Abamectin ME Red pepper, Abamectin SC Melon, Abamectin Acetamiprid ME Orange, Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole SC Apple, Abamectin Chlorfenapyr SC Persimmon, Abamectin Cyflumetofen DC Orange, Abamectin Fenazaquin SC Apple, Abamectin Spinetoram SC Red pepper, Cucumber Abamectin Spirodiclofen SC Melon, Abamectin Spirodiclofen SC Orange, Abamectin Sulfoxaflor SC Red pepper, Abamectin Thiamethoxam SC Pear Acephate CG Pine, 97 >10 >10 Acephate WP Rice, Chinese cabbage, 50 >10 >10 Acephate Diazinon DP Potato Acequinocyl SC Orange, 15 >10 >10 Acetamiprid AL Rose, >9.923 >9.923 Acetamiprid DC Peach, Acetamiprid Red pepper, 1.5 >10 >10 Acetamiprid ME Pine Acetamiprid SG Grape, 8 >10 >10 Acetamiprid SL Red pepper, 5 >10 >10 Acetamiprid SL Pine, Acetamiprid SP Orange, 8 >10 >10 Acetamiprid WG Eggplant, Acetamiprid WP Rice, Apple, 8 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Bifenthrin WG Persimmon, Acetamiprid Buprofezin EC Orange, Acetamiprid Buprofezin SC Persimmon, 25 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Buprofezin SC Persimmon, 19 > Acetamiprid Buprofezin WP Orange, 24 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Chlorfenapyr WP Water melon, Acetamiprid Diflubenzuron WP Apple, Pear 9 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Diflubenzuron WP Orange, Acetamiprid Emamectin benzoate SL Persimmon, Acetamiprid Emamectin benzoate WG Red pepper, Acetamiprid Etofenprox EP Grape Acetamiprid Etofenprox WP Rice, Apple, 10.5 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Flubendiamide WG Rice, Red pepper, 13 >10 >10

4 456 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Acetamiprid Flufenoxuron WP Red pepper, 13 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Indoxacarb SC Orange, Acetamiprid Indoxacarb WP Red pepper, Acetamiprid Lufenuron SC Orange, 13 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Lufenuron WG Red pepper, 13 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Lufenuron WP Red pepper, 13 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Metaflumizone SC Peach, Apple Acetamiprid Methoxyfenozide WG Strawberry, 13 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Pyrifluquinazon WG Orange, 12 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Spinetoram SC Acetamiprid Sulfoxaflor WG Red pepper, 10.2 >9.30 >9.30 Acetamiprid Tebufenozide SC Rice 12 > > Acetamiprid Tebufenozide WP Insecticde Rice 12 >10 >10 Acetamiprid Novaluron EC Orange, 16 >10 >10 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Chlorotalonil SC Fungicide Apple, Acibenzolar-S-methyl Mancozeb WP Fungicide Red pepper, Acibenzolar-S-methyl Thiamethoxam Insecti-Fungicide Rice Acrinathrin Spiromesifen SC Strawberry, Alachlor EC Herbicide Bean, Alachlor Herbicide Bean, Alpha-cypermethrin EC Persimmon, Alpha-cypermethrin WG Red pepper, Alpha-cypermethrin Chlorfenapyr EC Alpha-cypermethrin Flufenoxuron EC Leek, Alpha-cypermethrin Tebufenozide SC Red pepper, Apple Ametoctradin Dimethomorph SC Fungicide Red pepper, Amisulbrom SC Fungicide Red pepper, Amisulbrom WG Fungicide Amisulbrom Chlorothalonil SC Fungicide Red pepper, Amisulbrom Cymoxanil WG Fungicide Red pepper, 35 >10 >10 Amitraz Buprofezin EC Orange, Asulam sodium SG Herbicide Lawn 87.6 >10 >10 Asulam sodium SL Herbicide Lawn 37 >10 >10 Azadirachtin Rice, Garlic, 0.15 >20 >20 Azimsulfuron Benfuresate Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Benfuresate Carfentrazone-ethyl Herbicide Rice 1.8 >8.9 >8.9 Azimsulfuron Benfuresate Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 2.55 >9.7 >9.7 Azimsulfuron Bensulfuron-methyl Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 0.91 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Bensulfuron-methyl Indanofan Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 3.61 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Bensulfuron-methyl Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Bensulfuron-methyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice

5 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 457 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon WG Herbicide Rice 54 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 1.75 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide UG Herbicide Rice 17.1 >8.63 >8.63 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Ipfencarbazone GG Herbicide Rice 9.3 > > Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Metamifop Herbicide Rice 1.05 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Metamifop Pretialchl or Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Oxaziclomefone Herbicide Rice 1.02 >9.49 >9.49 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Oxaziclomefone UG Herbicide Rice 9.7 >7.454 >7.454 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice 4.8 >9.6 >9.6 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.83 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Benzobicyclon Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 2.55 >8.5 >8.5 Azimsulfuron Bromobutide Fenoxsulam Herbicide Rice 2.62 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Bromobutide Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 9.83 >5.896 >5.896 Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Herbicide Rice 0.2 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 1.3 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Flucetosulfuron Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.38 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice 0.28 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Carfentrazone-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl UG Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Fentrazamide UG Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Flucetosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Flucetosulfuron Mesotrione DT Herbicide Rice 2.52 >9.927 >9.927 Azimsulfuron Indanofan Herbicide Rice 0.45 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 3.05 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Mefenacet UG Herbicide Rice 21.3 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Mefenacet Mesotrione Herbicide Rice 3.85 >8.724 >8.724 Azimsulfuron Mefenacet Simetryn Herbicide Rice 4.05 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Metamifop Herbicide Rice Azimsulfuron Oxaziclomefone Herbicide Rice 0.25 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.12 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Penoxsulam WG Herbicide Rice 6.6 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Penoxsulam WP Herbicide Rice 13 >10 >10 Azimsulfuron Penoxsulam Simetryn Herbicide Rice 0.42 >10 >10 Azocyclotin SC Orange, Azocyclotin WP Apple, Azocyclotin Bifenthrin SC Pear, Azocyclotin Chlorfenapyr SC Peach, Azocyclotin Etoxazole SC Orange, Azocyclotin Pyridaben WP Orange, Apple Azoxystrobin ME Apple, Azoxystrobin SC Fungicide Cucumber,

6 458 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Azoxystrobin WP Fungicide Rice, Apple, Azosystrobin Chlorotalonil SC Fungicide Red pepper, Azosystrobin Chlorotalonil SC Fungicide Lawn Azoxystrobin Cyproconazole SC Fungicide Lawn Azoxystrobin Difenoconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Azoxystrobin Difenoconazole WG Fungicide Persimmon, Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph SC Fungicide Potato, Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph WG Fungicide Red pepper, Azoxystrobin Ferimzone SC Fungicide Rice Azoxystrobin Fipronil FG Insecti-Fungicide Rice Azoxystrobin Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Azoxystrobin Fluazinam SC Fungicide Potato, Azoxystrobin Fludioxonil SC Fungicide Orange, Azoxystrobin Fludioxonil WP Fungicide Red pepper Azoxystrobin Hexaconazole SC Fungicide Rice, Cucumber, Azoxystrobin Isoprothiolane EC Fungicide Rice Azosystrobin Isopyrazam SC Fungicide Rose, Azoxystrobin Metalaxyl-M SE Fungicide Rose, Azoxystrobin Propiconazole EC Fungicide Rice, Rose, Azoxystrobin Propiconazole SE Fungicide Rice, Soybean Azosystrobin Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Azosystrobin Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Red pepper, Pear Azoxystrobin Tetraconazole SE Fungicide Red pepper, Cucumber Azoxystrobin Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Persimmon, Azoxystrobin Tricyclazole SC Fungicide Rice Azoxystrobin Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Rice Azoxystrobin Validamycin-A Etofenprox SE Insecti-Fungicide Rice Benalaxyl-M Fungicide Red pepper, Benalaxyl-M Ethaboxam SC Fungicide Red pepper, Benfluralin Isoxaben WP Herbicide Rice 54.5 >10 >10 Benfuracarb WG Apple, Benfuracarb Buprofezin WG Orange, Benfuracarb Fosthiazate Watermelon, Benfuresate Bensulfuron-methyl Herbicide Rice 1.6 >10 >10 Benfuresate Bensulfuron-methyl Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 2.47 >10 >10 Benfuresate Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide SE Herbicide Rice Benfuresate Bifenox Herbicide Rice 6.5 >10 >10 Benfuresate Bromobutide Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 6.87 >5.588 >5.588 Benfuresate Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 1.83 >8.184 >8.184 Benfuresate Cyclosulfamuron Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 2.47 >10 >10 Benfuresate Fentrazamide Halosulfuron-methyl Herbicide Rice 2.48 >10 >10 Benfuresate Fentrazamide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 2.37 >10 >10 Benfuresate Halosulfuron-methyl Indanofan Herbicide Rice 1.88 >10 >10 Benfuresate Imazosulfuron Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 4.23 >10 >10

7 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 459 Benfuresate MCPA Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 2.4 >10 >10 Benfuresate Mesotrione Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 1.68 >10 >10 Benfuresate Pyrimisulfan Herbicide Rice 1.72 >10 >10 Benomyl Chlorothalonil WP Fungicide Red pepper, Watermelon Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 1.87 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide UG Herbicide Rice 18.3 >7.873 >7.873 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Metamifop SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice >4.851 >4.851 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam GG Herbicide Rice 5.68 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 5.52 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Benzobicyclon Pyriminobacmethyl SC Herbicide Rice 5.8 >9.4 >9.4 Bensulfuron-methyl Bromobutide Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice >8.2 >8.2 Bensulfuron-methyl Bromobutide Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Bromobutide Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 19.5 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Carfentrazone-ethyl Metamifop Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam GG Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Carfentrazone-ethyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Fentrazamide SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Ferntrazamide Mesotrione Herbicide Rice 1.5 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl MCPA Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice 28 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Metamifop SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Oxadiargyl SC Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Pretilachlor SE Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Mesotrione Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.55 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Mesotrione Pretilachlor Pyriftalid Herbicide Rice Bensulfuron-methyl Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 1.5 >10 >10 Bensulfuron-methyl Pretilachlor Pyriftalid SC Herbicide Rice Bentazone SL Herbicide Rice, Barley, 40 >10 >10 Bentazone Cyhalofop-butyl ME Herbicide Rice Bentazone Flucetosulfuron Simetryn Herbicide Rice 7.8 >10 >10 Bentazone MCPA Herbicide Rice 12.2 >20 >20 Bentazone MCPA WG Herbicide Lawn 35.6 >10.39 >10.39 Bentazone MCPA Propanil ME Herbicide Rice Bentazone MCPB ME Herbicide Rice 24.5 >10 >10

8 460 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Bentazone Metamifop ME Herbicide Rice Bentazone Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice >8.563 >8.563 Bentazone Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice Bentazone Propanil ME Herbicide Rice Bentazone-sodium Herbicide Rice 10 >94.5 >94.5 Bentazone-sodium Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl ME Herbicide Rice 31 >10 >10 Bentazone-sodium Glufosinate-ammonium SL Herbicide Orange, Bentazone-sodium Glyphosate-isopropylamine SL Herbicide Noncropland 30 > > Bentazone Tefuryltrione Herbicide Rice >99.6 >99.6 Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl WG Fungicide Tomato, 15 >9.266 >9.266 Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl Chlorothalonil WG Fungicide Red pepper, Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl Copper oxychloride WP Fungicide Grape, 38.5 >10 >10 Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl Propineb WP Fungicide Onion, Benzobicyclon SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Cafenstrole Pyrazosulfurn-ethyl Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Carfentrazone-ethyl Flusetosulfuron Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 1.05 >8.3 >8.3 Benzobicyclon Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam ZC Herbicide Rice 5.98 >11.1 >11.1 Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Fentrazamide SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Flucetosulfuron GG Herbicide Rice 5.62 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice 26.2 >8.4 >8.4 Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.85 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Cyclosulfamuron Pyriminobacmethyl DT Herbicide Rice 5.62 >5.65 >5.65 Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 1.95 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice 15.4 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Fentrazamide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl UG Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Flucetosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice 3.92 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Flucetosulfuron Halosulfuron-methyl DT Herbicide Rice 4.48 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Flucetosulfuron Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 2.42 >9.9 >9.9 Benzobicyclon Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobacmethyl WG Herbicide Rice 56.8 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Ipfencarbazone SC Herbicide Rice 10.5 >10.21 >10.21 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Metamifop SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice 24.5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Oxaziclomefone SC Herbicide Rice 7.1 >8.26 >8.26 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice 12 >5.944 >5.944 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam GG Herbicide Rice 5.98 >10 >10

9 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 461 Benzobicyclon Imazoxulfuron Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 5.42 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Imazosulfuron Pyriminobac-methyl SC Herbicide Rice 6.1 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Mefenacet Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 21.5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Mefenacet Propyrisulfuron SC Herbicide Rice 26.5 >9.733 >9.733 Benzobicyclon Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl GG Herbicide Rice 29.5 >9.823 >9.823 Benzobicyclon Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Metamifop Pretilachlor Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Metamifop Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 1.07 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Metazosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice 5.5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Orthosulfamuron Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice 5.48 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Orthosulfamuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.98 >9.2 >9.2 Benzobicyclon Oxaziclomefone SC Herbicide Rice 3.5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pendimethalin SE Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam DT Herbicide Rice 4.48 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.68 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pretilachlor SE Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pyraclonil SC Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pyrazolate Herbicide Rice 3.68 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl DT Herbicide Rice 10.2 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 0.85 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl SC Herbicide Rice 4.9 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pretilachlor SE Herbicide Rice Benzobicyclon Propyrisulfuron SC Herbicide Rice 5.5 >9.8 >9.8 Benzobicyclon Pyraclonil Herbicide Rice 1 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl SC Herbicide Rice 5.02 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pyriminobac-methyl WG Herbicide Rice 50.2 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Pyrimisulfan Herbicide Rice 0.92 >9.2 >9.2 Benzobicyclon Pyrimisulfan SC Herbicide Rice 4.5 >10 >10 Benzobicyclon Thiobencarb SE Herbicide Rice Benzyl aminopurine SL 6-Benzyl aminopurine SL Bean sprouts 0.3 >10 >10 Orange, Chrysanthemum 3 >10 >10 Beta-cyfluthrin DP Beta-cyfluthrin EC Orange, Bifenazate Chlorfenapyr SC Pear, Bifenazate Etoxazole SC Orange, Apple Bifenazate Fenbutatin-oxide SC Strawberry, Pear Bifenazate Flufenoxuron WG Apple Bifenazate Pyridaben SC Apple, Bifenox Flucetosulfuron WG Herbicide Lawn 30 >10 >10

10 462 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Bifenox Glyphosate-isopropylamine ME Herbicide Noncropland Bifenthrin DP Red pepper, Bifenthrin EC Bifenthrin EW Persimmon, Bifenthrin Potato, Bifenthrin SC Apple, Bifenthrin SC Red pepper, Lawn Bifenthrin WP Apple, Bifenthrin Chlorfenapyr FW Red pepper, Bifenthrin Chlorfenapyr WP Leek, Bifenthrin Chromafenozide EC Peach Bifenthrin Clothianidin SC Strawberry, Bifenthrin Diflubenzuron SE Peach, Apple Bifenthrin Etoxazole ME Peach, Bifenthrin Imidacloprid DC Red pepper, Apple Bifenthrin Imidacloprid Potato, Bifenthrin Imidacloprid WP Orange, Bifenthrin Methoxyfenozide SC Persimmon, Bifenthrin Phoxim Potato, Bifenthrin Pyridaben SC Orange Bifenthrin Sulfoxaflor SC Orange, Bifenthrin Terbufos Potato, Bispyribac-sodium SL Herbicide Rice, Lawn, Bistrifluron EC Bistrifluron Chlorfenapyr SC Red pepper, etc, Bistrifluron Emamectin-benzoate WG Red pepper, Bistrifluron Etofenprox SE Apple, Bistrifluron Flubendiamide SC Red pepper, 23 >10 >10 Bistrifluron Flufenoxuron SC 7 >10 >10 Bitertanol WP Fungicide Pear, Blad SL Fungicide Strawberry, Grape 20 >10 >10 Blend of alkylaryl polyethoxylate and sodium salt of alkyl sulfonated alkylate SL Others Rice 60 >2 >2 Boscalid WT Fungicide Orange, 47 >3.14 >3.14 Boscalid Fludioxonil SC Fungicide Grape, Boscalid Metrafenone SC Fungicide Red pepper, 30 >10 >10 Boscalid Metrafenone WG Fungicide Cucumber, 30 >7.29 >7.29 Boscalid Pyraclostrobin Fungicide Garlic, Boscalid Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Pear, Boscalid Pyraclostrobin WG Fungicide Apple, Boscalid Pyriofenone SC Fungicide Melon, Boscalid Triflumizole WP Fungicide Cucumber, Bromobutide Cafenstrole Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 4.99 >10 >10 Bromobutide Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 7 >9.685 >9.685

11 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 463 Bromobutide Fentrazamide Flucetosulfuron Herbicide Rice 4.07 >10 >10 Bromobutide Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 4.25 >10 >10 Bromobutide Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron SC Herbicide Rice 25.5 >10 >10 Bromobutide Fentrazamide Halosulfuron-methyl Herbicide Rice 4.18 >9.460 >9.460 Bromobutide Flucetosulfuron Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 3.35 >10 >10 Bromobutide Halosulfuron-methyl Oxaziclomefone Herbicide Rice 3.45 >10 >10 Bromobutide Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 6.25 >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Metamifop SC Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam GG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 3.33 >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam UG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Pyraclonil GG Herbicide Rice 23.1 > > Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Pyraclonil Herbicide Rice 3.85 >8.7 >8.7 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 3.35 >10 >10 Bromobutide Imazosulfuron Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Bromobutide MCPA Orthosulfufamuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 3.83 >9.299 >9.299 Bromobutide Oxadiargyl SC Herbicide Rice 9.4 >10 >10 Bromobutide Oxaziclomefone Pyrazosulfuronethyl Herbicide Rice >4.09 >4.092 Bromobutide Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice >9.40 >9.40 Bromobutide Penoxsulam Pyraclonil SC Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Pretilachlor Simetryn EC Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Propyrisulfuron Herbicide Rice 3.25 >10 >10 Bromobutide Propyrisulfuron SC Herbicide Rice 19.5 > > Bromobutide Propyrisulfuron Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Pyraclonil SC Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Pyraclonil Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 3.4 >3.467 >3.467 Bromobutide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl GG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Bromobutide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice 3.17 >10 >10 Bromobutide Thiobencarb SC Herbicide Rice Bromobutide Thiobencarb SE Herbicide Rice Buprofezin SC Pine 40 >10 >10 Buprofezin WP Pear, Buprofezin Chromafenozide SC insecticide Rice, Pear, Buprofezin Clothianidin SC Orange, 13 >10 >10 Buprofezin Dinotefuran WP Persimmon, Buprofezin Etofenprox WG Pear, Buprofezin Etofenprox WP Rice

12 464 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Buprofezin Flubendiamide SC Rice Buprofezin Imidecloprid Rice, Red pepper, 2 >10 >10 Buprofezin Imidacloprid SC Orange, Buprofezin Imidacloprid WG Chrysanthemum 19 >8.762 >8.762 Buprofezin Imidacloprid WP Apple, Watermelon 10 >10 >10 Buprofezin Isoprocarb WP insecticide Rice 25 >2 >2 Buprofezin Lambda-cyhalothrin EC Orange, Buprofezin Methoxyfenozide WP Rice, Cucumber, Buprofezin Pyridaben SC Cucumber, Buprofezin Pyrifluquinazon SC Persimmon, Buprofezin Spinetoram SC Red pepper, Buprofezin Sulfoxaflor SC Orange, Buprofezin Tebufenozide WP Rice, Tomato, Buprofezin Thiacloprid SC Rice, Pear, 25 >10 >10 Buprofezin Thiamethoxam SC Persimmon, Butachlor CS Herbicide Rice Butachlor Carfentrazone-ethyl Herbicide Rice Butachlor Cyclosulfamuron Herbicide Rice Butachlor Dichlobenil Herbicide Lawn Butachlor Ethoxysulfuron Herbicide Rice Butralin EC Tobacco Butralin Decyl alcohol EC Tobacco Cadusafos Watermelon, Cafenstrole SC Herbicide Lawn Cafenstrole Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice Cafenstrole Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice Captan WG Fungicide Apple Captan WP Fungicide Apple, Captan WT Fungicide Strawberry, Tomato Captan Polyoxin-B WP Fungicide Apple Carbaryl WP Potato, Carbendazim SC Fungicide Apple 41.5 >10 >10 Carbendazim WP Fungicide Apple, Carbendazim Chlorothalonil DP Fungicide Chinese cabbage Carbendazim Chlorothalonil SC Fungicide Red pepper, Carbendazim Diethofencarb WP Fungicide Red pepper, 50 >10 >10 Carbendazim Difenoconazole WG Fungicide Persimmon, Carbendazim Hexaconazole WP Fungicide Red pepper, Carbendazim Iprodione SC Fungicide Rice 25 >10 >10 Carbendazim Kasugamycin WP Fungicide Red pepper, >10 >10 Carbendazim Kresoxim-methyl WP Fungicide Orange, Carbendazim Mepanipyrim SC Fungicide Red pepper, Carbendazim Metalaxyl WP Fungicide Rice, Sesame, 62.5 >2 >2

13 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 465 Carbendazim Metalaxyl-M WP Fungicide Rice, Sesame, 54 >10 >10 Carbendazim Polyoxin-D WP Fungicide Red pepper, 51.5 >10 >10 Carbendazim Sulfur SC Fungicide Cucumber, Rose 40 >10 >10 Carbendazim Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Red pepper, 25 >10 >10 Carbendazim Tebuconazole WP Fungicide Apple, Carbendazim Trifloxystrobin WG Fungicide Persimmon, Carbofuran Rice, Carrot, Carbosulfan Rice, Cucumber, 3 >2 >2 Carbosulfan Rice, Garlic 5 >10 >10 Carbosulfan WP Rice, Grape, Carbosulfan Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Insecti- Herbicide Rice Carbosulfan Tefluthrin Potato, Carboxin WS Fungicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl EW Herbicide Lawn Carfentrazone-ethyl Cyclosulfamuron Fentrazamide Herbicide Rice 1.45 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Cyclosulfamuron Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 3.92 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Cyclosulfamuron Pyriftalid Herbicide Rice 0.92 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Cyclosulfamuron Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.52 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 1.5 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Fentrazamide Pyrazosulfuronethyl Herbicide Rice 1.32 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Fentrazamide Pyrazosulfuronethyl UG Herbicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl Flucetosulfuron Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice, Lawn 0.57 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Glyphosate-isopropylamine ME Herbicide Apple, Carfentrazone-ethyl Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.53 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Imazosulfuron Mefenacet SE Herbicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.43 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Imazosulfuron Pyriminobacmethyl DT Herbicide Rice 7.2 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Imazosulfuron Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice 0.6 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuronethyl Herbicide Rice 3.65 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.33 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuronethyl Herbicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl Pretilachlor Pyrazosulfuronethyl Herbicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriftalide Herbicide Rice 0.82 >10 >10

14 466 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 A.I. (%) LC 50, mg/l * 48 hr 96 hr Carfentrazone-ethlyl Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.42 >10 >10 Carfentrazone-ethyl Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Carfentrazone-ethyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Carpropamid SC Fungicide Rice 15 >10 >10 Carpropamid SC Fungicide Rice 30 >10 >10 Carpropamid Fludioxonil Imidacloprid WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice 63 >10 >10 Carpropamid Iminoctadine triacetate SC Fungicide Rice Carpropamid Prochloraz-manganese Imidacloprid WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice 62.5 >10 >10 Carpropamid Thiacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice 3 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole Rice 0.4 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole SC Rice Chlorantraniliprole WG Rice, Apple, 5 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole WP Rice, Orange, Chlorantraniliprole WT Rice 20 >4.5 >4.5 Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Rice 0.65 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin SC Rice 4.7 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole Flonicamid WG Orange 10 >8.5 >8.5 Chlorantraniliprole Indoxacarb WG Rice, Apple, Chlorantraniliprole Lambda-cyhalothrin SC Apple, Chlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid SC Rice 10.7 >10 >10 Chlorantraniliprole Thiametoxam SC Rice, Chinese cabbage, 24.5 >10 >10 Chlorfenapyr SC Pear, Chlorfenapyr Clothianidin EC Red pepper, Chlorfenapyr Clothianidin SC Red pepper, Chlorfenapyr Cyenopyrafen SC Orange, Chlorfenapyr Cyflumetofen DC Orange, Chlorfenapyr Etofenprox SE Pear, Apple Chlorfenapyr Flufenoxuron DC Apple Chlorfenapyr Imidacloprid SC Red pepper, Chlorfenapyr Metaflumizone EC Red pepper, Chlorfenapyr Pyridaben SC Apple, Chlorfenapyr Thiamethoxam SC Red pepper, Chlorfluazuron SC Apple, 10 >10 >10 Chlorfluazuron Indoxacarb SC Persimmon, Chlorothalonil SC Fungicide Peach, Chlorothalonil WG Fungicide Apple, Chlorothalonil WP Fungicide Apple, Chlorothalonil Cymoxanil WP Fungicide Grape, Chlorothalonil Difenoconazole WG Fungicide Red pepper, Chlorothalonil Dithianon SC Fungicide Persimmon,

15 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 467 A.I. (%) LC 50, mg/l * 48 hr 96 hr Chlorothalonil Kasugamycin SC Fungicide Red pepper, Watemelon Chlorothalonil Mandipropamid SC Fungicide Potato, Chlorothalonil Metalaxyl-M SC Fungicide Potato, Chlorothalonil Oxine-copper WP Fungicide Apple Chlorothalonil Propamocarb hydrochloride SC Fungicide Potato, Chlorothalonil Pyrimethanil SC Fungicide Eggplant, Chlorothalonil Tebuconazole WP Fungicide Persimmon, Chlorothalonil Thiram SC Fungicide Orange Chlorothalonil Trifloxystrobin SC Fungicide Red pepper, Chlorpropham EC Potato 45.8 >2 >2 Chlorpyrifos EC Apple, Chlorpyrifos Tobacco, Chlorpyrifos ME Orange Chlorpyrifos WP Apple, Chlorpyrifos Cypermethrin EC Apple Chromafenozide EC Rice, Red pepper, Chromafenozide SC Apple, Chromafenozide Clothianidin EC Rice Chromafenozide Etofenprox EC Rice, Persimmon, Chromafenozide Fenitrothion EC Rice Clomazone Herbicide Bean 2 >10 >10 Clomazone Pentoxazone EC Herbicide Rice Clomazone Fentrazamide EC Herbicide Rice Clomazone Pretilachlor EC Herbicide Rice Clomazone Pretilachlor EW Herbicide Rice Clothianidin Rice 0.5 >10 >10 Clothianidin Red pepper, 1.8 >10 >10 Clothianidin SC Rice, Orange, 8 >10 >10 Clothianidin SG Persimmon, 8 >10 >10 Clothianidin SL Rice, Rose, 20 >10 >10 Clothianidin UG Rice 1.5 >10 >10 Clothianidin WP Apple, Clothianidin WS Rice 21 >10 >10 Clothianidin Diflubenzuron SC Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Clothianidin Fenitrothion Potato, Clothianidin Flubendiamide SC Rice 6 >10 >10 Clothianidin Flufenoxuron SC Strawberry, Melon 10 >10 >10 Clothianidin Indoxacarb WP Rice Clothianidin Methoxyfenozide SC Rice, Orange, 15 >10 >10 Clothianidin Priproxyfen SE Cucummber, Tomato

16 468 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Clothianidin Pyridalyl SC Orange, 24 >10 >10 Clothianidin Spinetoram SC Cucummber, Clothianidin Tebufenozide SC Rice 9 >10 >10 Copper hydroxide WG Fungicide Red pepper, Copper hydroxide WP Fungicide Tomato, Copper hydroxide Oxadixyl WP Fungicide Sesame, 70 >2 >2 Copper hydroxide Streptomycin WP Fungicide Orange, Copper oxychloride Dithianon WP Fungicide Orange, 55 >2 >2 Copper oxychloride Kasugamycin WP Fungicide Orange, >10 >10 Copper oxychloride Metalaxyl Fungicide Ginger 6.7 >10 >10 Copper oxychloride Metalaxyl-M Fungicide Ginger, 5.7 >10 >10 Copper oxychloride Metalaxyl-M WP Fungicide Chinese, cabbage, 42.5 >10 >10 Copper sulfate basic WP Fungicide Orange, 58 >10 >10 4-CPA SL Tomato, CPA Gibberellic SP Melon 3.75 >10 >10 Cuprous oxide Streptomycin WP Fungicide Orange, Cyantraniliprole DC Red pepper, Cyantraniliprole EC Red pepper, Cyantraniliprole OD Red pepper, Cyantraniliprole SC >8.3 >8.3 Cyantraniliprole Pymetrozine WG Rice, Radish, 60 >60 >60 Cyantraniliprole Thiamethoxam WG Red pepper, 40 >40 >40 Cyazofamid SC Fungicide Potato, 10 >10 >10 Cyazofamid Fluopicolide SC Fungicide Potato, Cyazofamid Valifenalate SC Fungicide Onion, 8 >9.659 >9.659 Cyclaniliprole SL Apple, Cyclosulfamuron WP Herbicide Lawn 10 >10 >10 Cyclosulfamuron Fentrazamide SC Herbicide Rice Cyclosulfamuron Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 3.17 >10 >10 Cyclosulfamuron Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice 22.2 >10 >10 Cyclosufamuron Penoxuram SC Herbicide Lawn Cyclosulfamuron Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.27 >10 >10 Cyclosulfamuron Pyriminobac-methyl DT Herbicide Rice Cyenopyrafen SC Apple, 25 >10 >10 Cyenopyrafen Etoxazole SC Red pepper, 23 >7.73 >7.73 Cyenopyrafen Flufenoxuron SC Orange, Cyenopyrafen Pyridaben SC Pear, Cyflufenamid Difenaconazole SC Fungicide Apple, Cyflufenamid Simeconazole SE Fungicide Persimmon, Cyflufenamid Triflumizole EC Fungicide Pear, Cyflumetofen DC Apple,

17 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 469 Cyflumetofen SC Orange, Cyflumetofen Fenpyfoximate SC Persimmon, Cyfluthrin EC Apple, Cyfluthrin Tebupyrimfos Potato, 2.1 >10 >10 Cyhalofop-butyl Imazosulfuron Pretilachlor SE Herbicide Rice Cyhalofop-butyl Propanil EC Herbicide Rice Cymoxanil Ethaboxam WP Fungicide Tomato, Cymoxanil Famoxadone SC Fungicide Cucumber, Cymoxanil Famoxadone WG Fungicide Grape, Cymoxanil Mancozeb WP Fungicide Cucumber, 56 >10 >10 Cymoxanil Mandipropamid SC Fungicide Potato, 20 >10 >10 Cymoxanil Zoxamide WP Fungicide Red pepper, 22 >10 >10 Cypermethrin EC Apple, Cyproconazole SL Fungicide Apple, 4.5 >2 >2 Cyproconazole WG Fungicide Lawn 40 >10 >10 Cyprodinil WG Fungicide Ginseng, Cyprodinil Difenoconazole EW Fungicide Pear, Cyprodinil Fludioxonil WG Fungicide Strawberry, ,4-D SL Herbicide Rice 40 >2 >2 2,4-D ethylester WP Herbicide Rice 18 >2 >2 Daimuron Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 5.07 >10 >10 Daimuron Imazosulfuron Oxaziclomefone SC Herbicide Rice, Lawn 11.5 >10 >10 Daminozide WP Poinsettia 85 >10 >10 Dazomet Fungicide Red pepper, DBEDC AL Fungicide Rose, DBEDC EC Fungicide Tobacco, Decyl alcohol EC Tobacco Deltamethrin EC Apple, Deltamethrin EW Persimmon, Deltamethrin Lambda-cyhalothrin WP Persimmon Deltamethrin Methoxyfenozide SC Pear, Apple Deltamethrin Profenofos EC Red pepper, Deltamethrin Tebupirimfos Potato, Deltamethrin Thiacloprid SC Persimmon, Deltamethrin Thiodicarb SC Peach, Diafenthiuron SC Cucumber Diazinon CS Lawn 25 >10 >10 Diazinon DP Chinese cabbage Diazinon EC Diazinon Diazinon Etofenprox WP Lawn

18 470 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Diazinon Imidacloprid Red pepper Diazinon Phorate Potato, Garlic 5 > Diazinon Phoxim DP Potato Diazinon Terbufos Potato, Chinese cabbage Diazinon Thiamethoxam Red pepper, Dicamba SL Herbicide Lawn, 48.2 >10 >10 Dichlobenil Herbicide Pear, 2.65 > > Dichlobenil Imazaquin Herbicide Lawn, 4.5 >10 >10 Dichloprop triethanol amine SL Apple 5 >2 >2 Dichlorvos Etofenprox EC Leek Dichlorvos Lambda-cyhalothrin DC Persimmon, Diethofencarb Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Red pepper, Difenoconazole DC Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole EC Fungicide Melon, Difenoconazole EC Fungicide Watermelon, Difenoconazole EW Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole ME Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole SC Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole WP Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole Diniconazole SC Fungicide Pear Difenonconazole Dithianon WG Fungicide Red pepper, Difenoconazole Fludioxonil WP Fungicide Eggplant, Difenoconazole Fluxapyroxad SC Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Iminoctadin-triacetate ME Fungicide Apple, Difenoconazole Kresoxim-methyl SC Fungicide Pear, Difenoconazole Metrafenone SC Fungicide Strawberry, Difenoconazole Polyoxin B WP Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Polyoxin D WP Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Pyribencarb SC Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Pyriofenone SC Fungicide Red pepper, Difenoconazole Tebuconazole DC Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Persimmon, 24 >10 >10 Difenoconazole Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Persimmon, Difenoconazole Triflumizole ME Fungicide Watermelon, Diflubenzuron SC Apple, 14 >10 >10 Diflubenzuron WG Peach, 50 >10 >10 Diflubenzuron WP Apple, 25 >10 >10 Diflubenzuron Etofenprox SE Persimmon, Diflubenzuron Imidacloprid WP Strawberry, Rose 15 >10 >10 Diflubenzuron Lambda-cyhalothrin WP Orange, Apple

19 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 471 Diflubenzuron Sulfoxaflor WG Red pepper, Apple 26.2 >10 >10 Diflufenican Glyphosate-isopropylamine SC Herbicide Noncropland 30.8 >9.8 >9.8 Dimethametryn Herbicide Rice 0.3 >9.022 >9.022 Dimethametryn Esprocarb Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice Dimethametryn Halosulfuron-methyl Penocsulram Herbicide Rice Dimethametryn Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice Dimethametryn Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 4.07 >10 >10 Dimethametryn Metazosulfron Herbicide Rice Dimethametryn Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice Dimethametryn Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice 0.47 >10 >10 Dimethametryn Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Dimethenamid Herbicide Bean, Dimethenamid-P EC Herbicide Potato, Dimethenamid-P Pendimethalin EC Herbicide Corn, Dimethoate EC Garlic, Dimethoate Garlic 5 >8.777 >8.777 Dimethomorph SC Fungicide Cucumber, Dimethomorph WG Fungicide Red pepper, 74.2 >10 >10 Dimethomorph WP Fungicide Potato, 25 >10 >10 Dimethomorph WP Fungicide Red pepper, 18 >10 >10 Dimethomorph Ethaboxam SC Fungicide Potato, 63 >10 >10 Dimethomorph Mancozeb WP Fungicide Red pepper, 19.5 >10 >10 Dimethomorph Metalaxyl-M WP Fungicide Potato, Dimethomorph Picarbutrazox SC Fungicide Potato, Dimethomorph Propineb WP Fungicide Potato, Onion Dimethomorph Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Orange, Dimethomorph Pyraclostrobin WG Fungicide Potato, Dimethyl disulfide AL Insecti-Fungicide Watermelon, Dimethyl disulfide EC Insecti-Fungicide Watermelon, Dinotefuran SG Rice, Persimmon, 50 >10 >10 Dintefuran SL Rice, Red pepper, Dinotefuran WG Rice, Cucumber, Dinotefuran WP Rice, Red pepper, 10 >10 >10 Dinotefuran WS Rice 70 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Etofenprox ME Rice, Grape Dinotefuran Etofenprox WP Rice, Persimmon, 13 >10 >10 Dithianon SC Fungicide Apple, Dithianon WG Fungicide Apple,

20 472 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Dithianon Fluxapyroxad SC Fungicide Peach, Dithianon Kasugamycin WG Fungicide Red pepper, Dithianon Metalaxyl-M WP Fungicide Red pepper, Dithianon Metconazole WG Fungicide Orange, Dithianon Pyraclostrobin SE Fungicide Persimmon, Dithianon Pyraclostrobin WG Fungicide Red pepper, Dithianon Simeconazole WG Fungicide Watermelon Dinotefuran DP 0.7 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Red pepper, 1 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Red pepper, 2 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Etofenprox FG Potato, Ginseng Dinotefuran Methoxyfenozide WG Persimmon, 28 >10.4 >10.4 Dinotefuran Spinetoram SC Cucumber, 10 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Spinetoram WG Red pepper, 20 >9.5 >9.5 Dinotefuran Spinosad WG Orange, 25 >10 >10 Dinotefuran Zetacypermethrin DC Grape Dithiopyr EW Lawn Dithiopyr Penoxsulam WP Herbicide Lawn Emamectin benzoate EW Emamectin benzoate ME Red pepper, Emamectin benzoate SG Emamectin benzoate SL Red pepper, Emamectin benzoate WG Red pepper, Emamectin benzoate Lufenuron WG Emamectin benzoate Flonicamid WG Red pepper, Emamectin benzoate Indoxacarb WP Red pepper, Epoxyconazole SC Herbicide Garlic, Epoxyconazole Orysastrobin SC Fungicide Rice Esprocarb Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 5.07 >10 >10 Ethaboxam DP Fungicide Chinese cabbage 0.35 >10 >10 Ethaboxam SC Fungicide Potato, Ethaboxam Famoxadone WP Fungicide Potato, Ethaboxam Propineb WP Fungicide Potato, Ethalfluralin EC Herbicide Bean, Ethalfluralin Linuron Herbicide Potato, Ethephon SL Persimmon 19.5 >10 >10 Ethephon SL Persimmon, 39 >10 >10 Ethoprophos Tobacco, Ethoprophos Terbufos Potato, Etofenprox CS Rice, Peach, 20 >10 >10

21 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 473 Etofenprox EC Rice, Cucumber, Etofenprox Rice 0.5 >10 >10 Etofenprox SO Rice 4 >10 >10 Etofenprox WP Persimmon, 10 >10 >10 Etofenprox Fenobucarb EC Rice Etofenprox Flubendiamide WP Red pepper, Etofenprox Imidacloprid SE Orange Etofenprox Indoxacarb WP Rice, Apple, Etofenprox Metaflumizone SE Rice, Apple, Etofenprox Methoxyfenozide SE Rice, Chestnut, Etofenprox Methoxyfenozide WP Rice, Apple, 11.2 >10 >10 Etofenprox Pyridalyl ME Red pepper, Etofenprox Sulfoxaflor SE Persimmon, Etofenprox Tebufenozide EC Rice, Lawn, Etofenprox Terbufos Garlic, Etoxazole SC Apple, 10 >10 >10 Etridiazole ME Fungicide Lawn, Ginseng 20 >10 >10 Etridiazole WP Fungicide Lawn 35 >10 >10 Etridiazole Flutolanil EC Fungicide Lawn, Etridiazole Hexaconazole EC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, Etridiazole Polyoxin-D zinc salt WP Fungicide Lawn, >10 >10 Etridiazole Thifluzamid EC Fungicide Lawn, Famoxadone SC Fungicide Potato, Famoxadone Mancozeb WG Fungicide Potato, Cucumber Famoxadone Mandipropamid SC Fungicide Red pepper, Famoxadone Metalaxyl-M DC Fungicide Red pepper, Famoxadone Zoxamide WG Fungicide Grape, Fenamidone Fluopicolide SC Fungicide Red pepper, Cucumber Fenarimol EC Fungicide Grape, Fenarimol WP Fungicide Apple, Fenazaquin EC Orange, Fenazaquin Hexythiazox SC Orange, Fenbuconazole SC Fungicide Strawberry, Fenbuconazole WP Fungicide Persimmon, Fenbuconazol Kresoxim-methyl SC Fungicide Apple, Fenbuconazole Thianidil Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Fenbuconazole Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, Fenbuconazole Tiadinil Clothianidin WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice Fenhexamid SC Fungicide Strawberry, Fenhexamid WP Fungicide Tomato, Fenhexamid Iminoctadin trisalbesilate WP Fungicide Strawberry, Fenhexamid Prochloraz-manganes WP Fungicide Ginseng, Fenhexamid Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Grape, Fenitrothion EC Rice, Lawn,

22 474 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Fenitrothion WP Grape, Fenitrothion Fenvalerate WP Apple, Fenobucarb DP Rice Fenobucarb EC Rice 50 >10 >10 Fenoxanil Fungicide Rice 4 >10 >10 Fenoxanil SC Fungicide Rice 20 >10 >10 Fenoxanil Iprobenfos EC Fungicide Rice Fenoxanil Isoprothiolane EC Fungicide Rice Fenoxanil Kasugamycin SC Fungicide Rice Fenoxanil Phthalide SC Fungicide Rice 25 >10 >10 Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl DC Herbicide Red pepper, Fenoxasulfone Pyrimisulfan GG Herbicide Rice 4 >7.771 >7.771 Fenoxasulfone Pyrimisulfan SC Herbicide Rice 4 >10 >10 Fenpropathrin FW Rose, Tomato Fenpropathrin WP Orange, Fenpyrazamine SC Fungicide Peach, Fenpyrazamine WG Fungicide Cucumber, Fenthion EC Rice, Tree, Fentrazamide EC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Halosulfuron-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.98 >10 >10 Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 1.25 >10 >10 Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron SC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Imazosulfuron SC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Mesotrione Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 1.37 >10 >10 Fentrazamide Metazosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Metazosulfuron Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Oxadiargyl EC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Oxadiazon EC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Pretilachlor EC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 1.07 >10 >10 Fentrazamide Pyrimisulfan DT Herbicide Rice 7 >9.802 >9.802 Fentrazamide Pyrimisulfan SC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Simetryn EC Herbicide Rice Fentrazamide Tefuryltrione SC Herbicide Rice 12 >7.542 >7.542 Fenvalerate EC Orange, Ferimzone SC Fungicide Rice 40 >10.64 >10.64 Ferimzone Isoprothiolane WP Fungicide Rice 45 >10 >10 Ferimzone Isothianil SC Fungicide Rice Ferimzone Kasugamycin SC Fungicide Rice 22.5 > > Ferimzone Phthalide SC Fungicide Rice 30 >10 >10 Ferimzone Prochloraz Dinotefuran WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice Ferimzone Thiadinil WP Fungicide Rice Ferimzone Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Rice Ferimzone Thifluzamide Metaflumizone SC Insecti-Fungicide Rice

23 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 475 Ferimzone Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Rice 40 > > Ferimzone Tricyclazole SC Fungicide Rice 23 >10 >10 Ferimzone Tricyclazole WP Fungicide Rice 40 >10 >10 Ferimzone Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Rice 35 >7.48 >7.48 Ferimzone Validamycin-A WP Fungicide Rice 35 >10 >10 Fipronil FG Rice, Potato Flazasulfuron Herbicide Lawn Flazasulfuron WG Herbicide Lawn 25 >10 >10 Flazasulfuron WP Herbicide Lawn 10 >2 >2 Flazasulfuron Imazaquin WG Herbicide Lawn 32.5 >10 >10 Flazasulfuron MCPA WG Herbicide Lawn 37.5 >10 >10 Flonicamid Red pepper, 2 >10 >10 Flonicamid SG Orange, 50 >519 >519 Flonicamid WG Rice, Apple, 10 >10 >10 Flonicarmid Sulfoxaflor WG Rice, Red pepper, 10 >10 >10 Flonicamid Thiacloprid WG Red pepper, Apple 15 >7.49 >7.49 Fluazifop-P-butyl EC Herbicide Garlic, Fluazinam DP Fungicide Fluazinam SC Fungicide Apple, Fluazinam SC Fungicide Potato, Fluazinam WG Fungicide Onion, Fluazinam WP Fungicide Persimmon, Fluazinam Acetamiprid Fungicide Red pepper, Fluazinam Propineb WP Fungicide Orange, Apple Fluazinam Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Orange, Flubendiamide EC Rice, Corn Flubendiamide SC Rice, Apple, 20 >10 >10 Flubendiamide Flufenoxuron SC Peach, 20 >8.8 >8.8 Flubendiamide Teflubenzuron SC Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Flubendiamide Thiacloprid SC Rice, Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice Flucetosulfuron Herbicide Rice Flucetosulfuron Herbicide Lawn 0.5 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron WG Herbicide Rice 10 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron WP Herbicide Rice, Lawn 50 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron Halosulfuron-methyl DT Herbicide Rice Flucetosulfuron Halosulfuron-methyl Mesotrione DT Herbicide Rice 3.3 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron imazaquin Herbicide Lawn 2.3 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron Imazaquin WG Herbicide Lawn 15 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron Imazosulfuron GG Herbicide Rice Flucetosulfuron Mesotrione Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Flucetosulfuron Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 0.12 >10 >10

24 476 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Flucetosulfuron Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl WG Herbicide Rice, Lawn 7 >10 >10 Flucetosulfuron Pyrazolate Simetryn Herbicide Rice 3.77 >10 >10 Fludioxonil DC Fungicide Rice Fludioxonil FS Fungicide Rice, Potato, 10 >10 >10 Fludioxonil FW Fungicide Strawberry, 20 >10 >10 Fludioxonil SC Fungicide Cucumber, Flidioxoni WG Fungicide Rice, Cucumber, Fludioxonil WP Fungicide Lawn, Fludioxonil Metalaxyl-M SC Fungicide Red pepper, Cucumber Fludioxonil Iminoctadine triacetate SC Fungicide Rice Fludioxonil Isotianil Imidacloprid WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice 43 >8.91 >8.91 Fludioxonil Penthiopyrad SC Fungicide Cucumber Fludioxonil Prochloraz FS Fungicide Rice Fludioxonil Prochloraz SC Fungicide Rice Fluensulfone EC Melon, Flufenoxuron EC Strawberry, Melon Flufenoxuron Indoxacarb WP Red pepper, Flufenoxuron Metaflumizone SC Flufenoxuron Sulfoxaflor SC Apple, 10.2 >10 >10 Flumioxazin Glyphosate isopropylamine SC Herbicide Orange, Apple 29.5 >10 >10 Fluopicolide Iprovalicarb SC Fungicide Red pepper, Fluopicolide Propamocarb hydrochloride SC Fungicide Red pepper, 55 >10 >10 Fluopyram SC Fungicide Watermelon, 40 >9.9 >9.9 Fluopyram Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Pear, Apple Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin SC Fungicide Cucumber, Fluopyram Cucumber, Flupoxam WG Herbicide Lawn Flupyradifurone SL Red pepper, >100 >100 Fluquinconazole WP Fungicide Apple, 25 >10 >10 Fluquinconazole Fungicide Garlic, Fluquinconazole Tebuconazole Fungicide Garlic, 3 >10 >10 Fluquinconazole Tetraconazole SE Fungicide Persimmon, Fluquinconazole Trifluxystrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Fluquinconazole Prochloraz manganese PA Fungicide Apple, Watermelon Fluquinconazole Prochloraz manganese WP Fungicide Persimmon, Fluquinconazole Propineb WP Fungicide Persimmon, 66 >10 >10 Fluquinconazole Pyrimethanil SC Fungicide Apple, 35 >10 >10 Fluroxypyr-mepthyl EC Herbicide Lawn Fluroxypyr-mepthyl Triclopyr TEA ME Herbicide Noncropland, Lawn 32.5 >9.111 >9.111 Flusilazole Kresoxim-methyl SC Fungicide Persimmon, Flusulfamide DP Flusulfamide FG Fungicide Fungicide leaf mustard

25 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 477 Flusulfamide Fungicide Chinese cabbage Flusulfamide SC Fungicide Chinese cabbage Flusulfamide Flutolanil DP Fungicide Chinese cabbage Flusulfamide Fluxapyroxad FG Fungicide Chinese cabbage Fluthiacet-methyl Glufosinate- ammonium ME Herbicide Potato, 12.2 >9.814 >9.814 Flutianil EC Fungicide Red pepper, Flutianil SC Fungicide Cucumber 2 >4.272 >4.165 Flutolanil Fungicide Rice, Flutolanil WG Fungicide Lawn Flutolanil Hymexazol WP Fungicide Rice 40 >9.933 >9.933 Flutolanil Isoprothiolane EC Fungicide Garlic, Lawn Flutolanil Isoprothiolane WP Fungicide Garlic, Lawn Flutolanil Metalaxyl-M Fungicide Red pepper Flutolanil Propamocarb hydrochloride SC Fungicide Red pepper, Lawn 40 >10 >10 Fluxapyroxad Fungicide Onion, Garlic Fluxapyroxad SC Fungicide Pear, Fluxapyroxad Kresoxim-methyl SC Fungicide Apple, Fluxapyroxad Metrafenone SC Fungicide Melone, Fluxapyroxad Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Folpet WP Fungicide Apple, Foramsulfuron OD Herbicide Lawn Fosetyl-Al WG Fungicide Lawn 79.7 >10 >10 Fosetyl-Al WP Fungicide Cucumber, 80 >10 >10 Fosthiazate Tomato, 5 >9.675 >9.675 Fosthiazate SL Melon, Gamma-cyhalothrin CS Persimmon, Gamma-cyhalothrin Imidacloprid ZC Red pepper, Gibberellic acid SP Gibberellic acid Gibberellin A4+7 PA Gibberellic acid Gibberellin A4+7 SP Gibberellic acid Gibberellin A4+7 6-Benzyl aminopurine SL Grape, 3.1 >10 >10 Pear 2.7 >10 >10 Pear, Apple 4 >10 >10 Apple Gibberellic acid Prohydrojasmon SL Pear Glufosinate ammonium SL Herbicide Apple, 18 >10 >10 Glufosinate ammonium Glyphosate- isopropylamine SL Herbicide Apple, Glufosinate ammonium MCPA SL Herbicide Apple, 21 >10 >10 Glufosinate ammonium MCPA SL Herbicide Orange, 22 >10 >10 Glufosinate-P SL Herbicide Orange, Glyphosate ammonium SG Herbicide Apple Glyphosate ammonium SL Herbicide Apple, 41 >10 >10 Glyphosate ammonium SL Herbicide Apple, 16.2 >10 >10

26 478 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Glyphosate-isopropylamine SL Herbicide Apple, 41 >10 >10 Glyphosate-isopropylamine SL Herbicide Apple, Glyphosate-isopropylamine MCPA SL Herbicide Apple, 39 >10 >10 Glyphosate-isopropylamine MCPA SL Herbicide Orange, 37 >10 >10 Glyphosate-isopropylamine Mecoprop P SL Herbicide Noncropland, Glyphosate-isopropylamine Mecoprop SL Herbicide Noncropland Glyphosate-isopropylamine Oxyfluorfen ME Herbicide Orange Glyphosate- isopropylamine Oxyfluorfen SC Herbicide Apple, 43 >10 >10 Glyphosate ammonium Oxyfluorfen WG Herbicide Apple Glyphosate- isopropylamine Pyraflufen-ethyl SC Herbicide Apple, >10 >10 Glyphosate potassium SL Herbicide Orange >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.2 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl MCPA Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.78 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet GG Herbicide Rice Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet GG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Herbicide Rice 3.7 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Mefenacet Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Halosulfuron-methyl Mesotrione Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.56 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Oxaziclomefone Herbicide Rice 0.38 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Pretilachlor Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobac-methyl DT Herbicide Rice 2.22 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice 3.36 >10 >10 Halosulfuron-methyl Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice 0.28 >10 >10 Hexaconazole EC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, Hexaconazole Fungicide Rice, Red pepper, Hexaconazole SC Fungicide Pear, Hexaconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Hexaconazole WG Fungicide Barley, Hexaconazole WP Fungicide Apple, Hexaconazole Iprobenfos Fungicide Rice 14.3 >10 >10 Hexaconazole Isoprothiolane Fungicide Garlic, Onion Hexaconazole Metalaxyl Fungicide Garlic, Hexaconazole Metalaxyl WP Fungicide Lawn Hexaconazole Pencycuron SC Fungicide Rice, Lawn Hexaconazole Prochloraz EC Fungicide Rice, Red pepper Hexaconazole Tebuconazole EC Fungicide Lawn Hexaconazole Tebuconazoel EC Fungicide Apple Hexaconazole Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Apple, Lawn Hexaconazole Tefluthrin Insecti-Fungicide Red pepper, Hexaconazole Thifluzamide Fungicide Rice, Onion,

27 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 479 Hexaconazole Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Rice, Garlic, Hexaconazole Tiadinil SC Fungicide Rice Hexaconazole Tricyconazol SC Fungicide Rice Hexaconazole Validamycin-A ME Fungicide Lawn Hexythiazox WP Orange, 10 >10 >10 Hymexazol DP Fungicide Rice 4 >10 >10 Hymexazol Fungicide Rice 4 >10 >10 Hymexazol SG Fungicide Rice 30 >10 >10 Hymexazol SL Fungicide Rice, Lawn, 30 >10 >10 Hymexazol Metalaxyl DP Fungicide Rice 4.5 >2 >2 Hymexazol Metalaxyl-M DP Fungicide Rice 4.25 >10 >10 Hymexazol Metalaxyl-M SL Fungicide Rice, Lawn Imazaquin Herbicide Lawn 3 >10 >10 Imazaquin SL Herbicide Lawn 20 >10 >10 Imazaquin Pendimethalin Herbicide Lawn Imazaquin Pendimethalin SE Herbicide Lawn Imazosulfuron Indanofan SC Herbicide Rice Imazosulfuron Mefenacet SC Herbicide Rice 21.5 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Mefenacet Metamifop SC Herbicide Rice Imazosulfuron Mefenacet Tefuryltrion SC Herbicide Rice 26.5 >8.706 >8.706 Imazosulfuron Mefenacet Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Imazosulfuron Methamifop Herbicide Rice Imazosulfuron Oxaziclomefone Herbicide Rice 0.45 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 1.98 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Pentoxazone Herbicide Rice 1.05 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Pyrazolate Simetryn Herbicide Rice 3.88 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice 4.2 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.35 >10 >10 Imazosulfuron Pyriminobac-methyl SC Herbicide Rice 2.1 >10 >10 Imibenconazole EC Chrysanthemum Imibenconazole WP Fungicide Apple, Imicyafos Melon, 5 >9.7 >9.7 Imicyafos SL Chrysanthemum, 30 >9.813 >9.813 Imidacloprid AL Chrysanthemum Imidacloprid DC Pine, 20 >10 >10 Imidacloprid FG Red pepper, 1 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Rice, Red pepper, etc 2 >10 >10 Imdacloprid ME Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Imidacloprid SC Rice, Apple, 8 >10 >10 Imidacloprid SG Rice, Apple, 25 >10 >10 Imidacloprie SL Rice, Apple 4 >10 >10 Imidacloprid WG Pear, 68 >10 >10 Imidacloprid WP Apple, 10 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Lambda-cyhalothrin WP Red pepper,

28 480 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Imidacloprid Methiocarb WP Orange, 23 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Methoxyfenozide WP Rice, Chinese cabbage, Imidacloprid Spinetoram SC Red pepper, 12 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Spinosad SC Orange, 15 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Spirotetramat SC Red pepper, Imidacloprid Tebufenizide WP Rice, Orange 8.6 >10 >10 Imidacloprid Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate WP Pear Imidacloprid Novaluron SC Orange, Apple 11.5 >10 >10 Iminoctadine triacetate SL Fungicide Apple, Iminoctadine triacetate Penthiopyrad SC Fungicide Red pepper, Iminoctadine triacetate Thiophanate-methyl PA Fungicide Apple Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) EW Fungicide Persimmon, Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) SC Fungicide Cucumber, 30 >10 >10 Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) WP Fungicide Green tea, 40 >10 >10 Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) Polyoxin-B WP Fungicide Ginseng, Iminoctadine tris(algesilate) Pyribencarb WP Fungicide Cucumber, Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Orange, Indaziflam SC Herbicide Apple, Indoxacarb EC Red pepper, Indoxacarb SC Rice, Chinese cabbage, Indoxacarb WG etc Indoxacarb WP etc Indoxacarb Spinosad WG Orange, Indoxacarb Teflubenzuron WP Apple, Indoxacarb Novaluron SC Persimmon, Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium WG Herbicide Lawn 10 >10 >10 Ipconazole FS Fungicide Rice Ipfencarbazone Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Tefuryltrione Herbicide Rice 1.6 >8.985 >8.985 Ipfencarbazone Tefuryltrione SC Herbicide Rice Iprobenfos EC Fungicide Rice 48 >10 >10 Iprobenfos Fungicide Rice Iprobenfos Metconazole Rice 13.7 >10 >10 Iprodione SC Fungicide Apple, Iprodione Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Apple, 70 >2 >2 Iprodione Trifloxystrobin SC Fungicide Lawn Iprodione Trifloxystrobin WG Fungicide Red pepper, Iprovalicarb Propineb WP Fungicide Grape, 66 >10 >10 Iprovalicarb Zoxamide WP Fungicide Cucumber, 22 >10 >10 Isofetamide SC Fungicide Orange, Isoprothiolane EC Fungicide Rice

29 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 481 Isoprothiolane Fungicide Rice, Apple, Isopyrazam EC Fungicide Cucumber, Isotianil SC Fungicide Rice 18 >10 >10 Isotianil Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 1.9 >5.39 >5.39 Isotianil Chlorantraniliprole Imidaclopride Insecti-Fungicide Rice 2.9 >5.31 >5.31 Isotianil Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 1.5 >10 >10 Isotianil Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Isotianil Penflufen Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Isotianil Prochloraz-manganese Fipronil FS Insecti-Fungicide Rice Isotianil Thiacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice Isotianil Thifluzamide Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 4.5 >10 >10 Isoxaben SC Herbicide Lawn 50 >2 >2 Kasugamycin SL Fungicide Rice, Red pepper, 2.3 >2 >2 Kasugamycin WG Fungicide Red pepper, 10 >10 >10 Kasugamycin WG Insecti-Fungicide Apple, 36 >10 >10 Kasugamycin Orysastrobin SC Fungicide Rice Kasugamycin Polyoxin D WG Fungicide Rice, Red pepper, 13 >10 >10 Kasugamycin Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Rice, Red pepper >10 >10 Kasugamycin Tricyclazole SC Fungicide Rice Kasugamycin Tricyclazole WP Fungicide Rice Kasugamycin Validamycin A Clothianidin SL Insecti-Fungicide Rice Kresoxim-methyl SC Fungicide Apple, Kresoxim-methyl WG Fungicide Apple, Kresoxim-methyl Metconazole WG Fungicide Persimmon, Kresoxim-methyl Triflumizole SC Fungicide Orange, Lambda-cyhalothrin DP Chinese cabbage Lambda-cyhalothrin EC Apple, Lambda-cyhalothrin EW Apple, Lambda-cyhalothrin ME Persimmon, Lambda-cyhalothrin WP Apple, Lambda-cyhalothrin Imidacloprid WP Red pepper, Lambda-cyhalothrin Lufenuron EC Persimmon, Lambda-cyhalothrin Sulfoxaflor SL Red pepper, Lambda-cyhalothrin Thiamethoxam SG Orange, Lepimectin EC Red pepper, Lime sulfur Fungicide Orange Linuron WP Herbicide Onion, Linuron Pendimethalin Herbicide Potato, Linuron Thiobencarb EC Herbicide Potato, Lufenuron EC Lufenuron EW Red pepper, Chinese cabbage Mancozeb WP Fungicide Apple, Mancozeb Metalaxyl WP Fungicide Sesame, 63.5 >10 >10

30 482 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Mancozeb Myclobutanil WP Fungicide Apple, 67 >2 >2 Mancozeb Oxadixyl WP Fungicide Potato, Mandestrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Mandipropamid SC Fungicide Red pepper, >10 >10 MCPA SL Herbicide Rice, Lawn 50 >10 >10 MCPA Metazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 1.33 >10 >10 Mefenacet Metazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 3.83 >10 >10 Mefenacet Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice 3.57 >10 >10 Mefenacet Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl SC Herbicide Rice Mefenacet Pyrimisulfan Herbicide Rice 3.72 >10.2 >10.2 Mefenacet pyrimisulfan SC Herbicide Rice Mefenacet Pyrimisulfan UG Herbicide Rice 32 >91.7 >91.7 Mefenacet Tefuryltrione SC Herbicide Rice Mepanipyrim SC Fungicide Grape, 40 > Mepanipyrim WP Fungicide Strawberry, 50 >10 >10 Mepanipyrim Myclobutanil SC Fungicide Strawberry, Mepiquat chloride SL Grape 44 >10 >10 Meptyldinocap EW Fungicide Cucumbr, Mesotrione Metazosulfuron Herbicide Rice 0.63 > > Mesotrione Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice 2.28 >10 >10 Mesotrione Penoxsulam Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Mesotrione Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Metaflumizone EC Rice, Persimmon Metaflumizone SC Rice, Metalaxyl Fungicide Rice, Tobacco, 1 >10 >10 Metalaxyl Fungicide Rice, Sesame, Metalaxyl WP Fungicide Rice, Chinese cabbage, 25 >10 >10 Metalaxyl Imidacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Red pepper, Sesame. 4.7 > > Metalaxyl Tebuconazole Fungicide Red pepper, Garlic. 3 >10 >10 Metalaxyl-M EC Fungicide Tobacco, Metalaxyl-M SL Fungicide Rice, Tobacco, Metalaxyl-M WP Fungicide Rice, Tobacco, 12 >10 >10 Metamifop Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice Metam sodium SL Insecti-Fungicide Pine, Melon Metam sodium SL Insecti-Fungicide Potato, Metazosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice 4 >8.01 >8.01 Metazosulfuron DT Herbicide Rice 2 >10 >10 Metazosulfuron Herbicide Rice Metazosulfuron SC Herbicide Rice 2 >8.98 >8.98 Metazosulfuron WG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Metazosulfuron WP Herbicide Rice 10 >10.76 >10.76

31 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 483 Metazosulfuron Oxaziclomefone SC Herbicide Rice 2.8 >10 >10 Metazosulfuron Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Metazosulfuron Tefuryltrione DT Herbicide Rice 9.2 >10 >10 Metconazole Fungicide Garlic, Metconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Metconazole WG Fungicide Garlic, Apple Metconazole Bifenthrin EC Insecti-Fungicide Garlic, Onion Metconazole Bifenthrin Insecti-Fungicide Garlic Metconazole Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Metconazole Thiophanate-methyl WG Fungicide Persimmon, 56 >10 >10 Methiram WG Fungicide Orange, 55 >10 >10 Methoxyfenozide SC Rice, Chinese cabbage, 21 >10 >10 Methoxyfenozide WP Rice, Chinese cabbage, 4 >10 >10 Metrafenone SC Fungicide Red pepper, 25.2 >9.28 >9.28 Myclobutanil WP Fungicide Red pepper, naphtylacetamide DP Carnation 0.4 >10 >10 Napropamide Herbicide Tobacco, 5 >10 >10 Napropamide EC Herbicide Red pepper, 21.8 >10 >10 Napropamide SC Herbicide Red pepper, Napropamide WG Herbicide Lawn 49.5 >10 >10 Napropamide WP Herbicide Orange, 50 >10 >10 Napropamide Oxyfluorfen WP Herbicide Garlic, Lawn Napropamide Pendimethalin Herbicide Potato, Red pepper 5 >10 >10 Needs Polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester ME Apple Nicosulfuron SC Herbicide Corn Nonyl phenol sulfonic acid copper WP Fungicide Watermelon, Novaluron SC Apple, Ofurace Propamocarb hydrochloride WP Fugicide Tomato, Grape 24 >10 >10 Orthosulfamuron Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Orysastrobin SC Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Benfuracarb Chlorantraniliprole Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Chlorantraniliprole Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Chlorantraniliprole WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Probenazole Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Prochloraz-manganese Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Thiamethoxam Insecti-Fungicide Rice Orysastrobin Tricyclazole Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice 3.6 >4.264 >4.264 Orysastrobin Triticonazole Clothianidin WS Insecti-Fungicide Rice

32 484 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Oryzalin Pendimethalin EC Herbicide Lawn Oxadiargyl EC Herbicide Rice Oxadiargyl SC Herbicide Lawn 34.5 >10 >10 Oxadiargyl Oxadizon EC Herbicide Rice Oxadiazon EC Herbicide Rice Oxadiazon Pretilachlor EW Herbicide Rice Oxathiapiprolin SC Fungicide Onion, 4 >10.7 >10.7 Oxaziclomefone Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice Oxaziclomefone PenoxsulamTefuryltrione Herbicide Rice 1 >10 >10 Oxaziclomefone Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl WG Herbicide Rice >10 >10 Oxaziclomefone Tefuryltrione DT Herbicide Rice 7.6 >10 >10 Oxaziclomefone Tefuryltrione Herbicide Rice 1.27 >9.587 >9.587 Oxaziclomefone Tefuryltrione SC Herbicide Rice 7.2 >10 >10 Oxaziclomefone Tefuryltrione SC Herbicide Rice 2.6 >10 >10 Oxine-copper WP Fungicide Apple, Oxolinic acid SC Oxolinic acid WG Fungicide Fungicide Peach 20 >10 >10 20 >10 >10 Oxolinic acid WP Fungicide Rice, Chinese cabbage, 20 >10 >10 Oxolinic acid Oxytetracycline WP Fungicide Orange, 20 >10 >10 Oxolinic acid Streptomycin WP Fungicide Rice, Peach, 25 >10 >10 Oxolinic acid Streptomycin WP Fungicide Peach, Oxolinic acid Validamycin-A WP Fungicide Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Oxycarboxin WP Fungicide Chrysanthemum 75 >10 >10 Oxytetracycline WP Fungicide Jujube, 17 >10 >10 Oxytetracycline Streptomycin sulfate salt SG Fungicide Orange, 20.3 >10 >10 Oxytetracycline Streptomycin sulfate salt WP Fungicide Orange, 20.3 >10 >10 Paclobutrazole SC Lettuce, Paclobutrazole SC Lawn 22.9 >100 >100 Paraffin wax EW Others Red pepper, 24 >10 >10 Paraffinic oil EC Orange, 98 >10 >10 Pencycuron Fungicide Garlic, 3 >7.561 >6.764 Pencycuron SC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, 20 >2 >2 Pencycuron WG Fungicide Lawn 50 >10 >10 Pencycuron WP Fungicide Rice, Lawn 25 >10 >10 Pencycuron Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, 24 >10 >10 Pencycuron Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Lawn, Garlic 25 >10 >10 Pencycuron Thifluzamide EC Fungicide Rice, Lawn, Pendimethalin EW Tobbco Pendimethalin Herbicide Rice, Potato, Pendimethalin SC Herbicide Lawn

33 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 485 Pendimethalin Pretilachlor EC Herbicide Rice Pendimethalin Thiobencarb Herbicide Potato, Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.12 >10 >10 Penoxsulam Herbicide Rice 0.08 >10 >10 Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice Penoxsulam SC Herbicide Rice, Lawn 3 >10 >10 Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Herbicide Rice, Lawn Penoxsulam Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl WG Herbicide Rice, Lawn 11 >10 >10 Penoxsulam Tefuryltrione DT Herbicide Rice 9.4 >10 >10 Penoxsulam Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Penthiopyrad EC Fungicide Strawberry, Penthiopyrad SC Pear, Penthiopyrad WG Fungicide Lawn Penthiopyrad Picoxystrobin SC Fungicide Cucumber, Penthiopyrad Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Persimmon, Pentoxazone EC Herbicide Rice Pentoxazone Herbicide Rice Pentoxazone SC Herbicide Rice Pentoxazone Pretilachlor SE Herbicide Rice Phenthoate EC Rice, Apple, Phorate Terbufos Garlic, Potato Phoxim Red pepper 2 >2 >2 Phthalide Tricyclazole WP Fungicide Rice 33 >10 >10 Phthalide Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Rice 25 >2 >2 Picarbutrazox SC Fungicide Onion 10 >9.707 >9.707 Picoxystrobin SC Fungicide Red pepper, Picoxystrobin WG Fungicide Cucumber, Polyether modified polysiloxane SL Others Red pepper, Polyoxin D zinc salt WP Fungicide Rice, Melon, 2.25 >2 >2 Polyoxin B SP Fungicide Cucumber, 50 >10 >10 Polyoxin D zinc salt AE Fungicide Apple Polyoxin D zinc salt WG Fungicide Watermelon, Polyoxin D zinc salt Pyriofenone WP Fungicide Strawberry, 6.5 >10 >10 Potassium salt of maleic hydrazide SL Tobacco 21.7 >10 >10 Pretilachlor EW Herbicide Rice Pretilachlor Herbicide Rice Pretilachlor Pyraclonil SE Herbicide Rice Pretilachlor Pyrazolate Herbicide Rice 7.5 >10 >10 Pretilachlor Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobacmethyl Herbicide Rice Pretilachlor Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Simetryn Herbicide Rice Probenazole Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Carbosulfan Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice

34 486 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 ProbenazoleClothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Fipronil FG Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Imidacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Thifluzamide Carbosulfan Insecti-Fungicide Rice Probenazole Tricyclazole Fungicide Rice 5 >10 >10 Prochloraz EC Fungicide Rice Prochloraz EW Fungicide Rice Prochloraz ME Fungicide Rice, Orchid Prochloraz copper chloride complex FS Fungicide Rice Prochloraz copper chloride comples Tebuconazole FS Fungicide Rice Prochloraz copper chloride comples Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Rice, Red pepper, Prochloraz-manganese complex WG Fungicide Red pepper, Apple Prochloraz-manganese complex WP Fungicide Mushroom, 50 >2 >2 Prochloraz-manganese Tebuconazole WP Fungicide Apple, Prochloraz Triflumizole EC Fungicide Rice Procymidone FW Fungicide Strawberry, 30 >2 >2 Procymidone GP Fungicide Strawberry, 25 >2 >2 Procymidone WP Fungicide Strawberry, Procymidone Diethofencarb FW Fungicide Strawberry 30 >10 >10 Procymidone Diethofencarb WP Fungicide Strawberry, Lawn 50 >10 >10 Procymidone Mancozeb WP Fungicide Grape, Lawn Prodiamine SC Herbicide Lawn 40.7 >10 >10 Prodiamine WG Herbicide Lawn 63 >10 >10 Prohexadione-calcium SC Lawn, 20 >10 >10 Prohexadione-calcium WP Rice Propamocarb hydrochloride SL Fungicide Tabacco, 66.5 >10 >10 Propargite EC Orange, Apple Propiconazole EC Fungicide Rose, Lawn Propiconazole Fungicide Rice, Garlic, Propiconazole Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Lawn Propiconazole Tebuconazole SE Fungicide Red pepper, Propiconazole Thiophanate-methyl SE Fungicide Rice, Persimmon, Propineb WP Fungicide Apple, Pymetrozine WG Rice, Red pepper, 49 >10 >10 Pymetrozine WP Red pepper, 25 >10 >10 Pyraclonil Tefuryltrione DT Herbicide Rice Pyraclostrobin EC Fungicide Orange, Pyraclostrobin SC Fungicide Persimmon, Pyraclostrobin WG Fungicide Pear,

35 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 487 Pyraclostrobin Tebuconazole SC Fungicide Red pepper, Pyrazolate SC Herbicide Rice Pyrazolate Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Simetryn Herbicide Rice Pyrazolate Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl WG Herbicide Lawn 5 >10 >10 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriftalide Herbicide Rice 0.67 >10 >10 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl GG Herbicide Rice 2.04 >10 >10 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl Herbicide Rice 0.17 > Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Pyriminobac-methyl WG Herbicide Rice 17 >10 >10 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice 7.07 >10 >10 Pyribencarb FS Fungicide Rice Pyribencarb SC Fungicide Pear, Pyribencarb WG Fungicide Persimmon, Pyribencarb Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Orange Pyridaben EC Cucumber, Pyridaben EW Orange, Pyridaben SC Cucumber, Pyridaben WP Insecticde Orange, 20 >2 >2 Pyridalyl EW Red pepper, Pyridalyl Spinetoram EW Cucumber, 19.5 >10 >10 Pyridalyl Tebufenozide SE 30 > > Pyrifluquinazon SC Orange, Pyrifluquinazon WG Pear, Pyrimethanil SC Fungicide Strawberry, 37 >10 >10 Pyrimethanil WP Fungicide Apple, 30 >10 >10 Pyriproxyfen EC Tomato, Pyriproxyfen SC Cucumber 10 >10 >10 Pyriproxyfen SF Red pepper, Tomato 2.45 >10 >10 Quinoclamine Herbicide Rice Quinoclamine WG Herbicide Lawn Rimsulfuron WP Herbicide Lawn Sethoxydim EC Herbicide Bean, Silafluofen WP Persimmon 10 >10 >10 Simazine WP Herbicide Apple, 50 >10 >10 Simeconazole WG Fungicide Lawn, Garlic. 50 >10 >10 Simeconazole WP Fungicide Cucumber, 20 >10 >10 Simeconazole Fungicide Rice, Garlic 1.5 >10 >10 S-Metolachlor EC Herbicide Bean, S-Metolachlor Herbicide Bean, S-Metolachlor Thiobencarb EC Herbicide Garlic, S-Metolachlor Thiobencarb Herbicide Garlic, Sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate SL Spinetoram SC Tobacco

36 488 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Spinetoram Thiacloprid SC Red pepper, 15 >10 >10 Spinosad SC Spinosad WG Cucumber, Spinosad WP Strawberry, 79.5 >10 >10 Spirodiclofen SC Apple, Spiromesifen SC Strawberry, Spiromesifen WP Apple Spirotetramat SC Red pepper, Spirotetramat Thiacloprid SC Red pepper, Spreader-sticker DC Others Red pepper, Apple 77 >10 >10 Streptomycin WP Fungicide Orange, 20 >10 >10 Streptomycin Validamycin-A WP Fungicide Potato, 20 >10 >10 Sulfoxaflor Sulfoxaflor SC Red pepper, Cucumber Rice, Red pepper, 2 >10.00 > >93.8 >93.8 Sulfoxaflor WG Rice, Red pepper, 7 >0.858 >0.640 Sulfur SC Fungicide Strawberry, 52 >10 >10 Sulfur WG Fungicide Orange, 80 >10 >10 Sulfur Buprofezin SC Insecti-Fungicide Peach, 39.5 >10 >10 Tebuconazole DC Fungicide Persimmon, Tebuconazole EC Fungicide Peanut, Tebuconazole Fungicide Red pepper, Tebuconazole ME Fungicide Red pepper, Tebuconazole PA Fungicide Apple Tebuconazole WP Fungicide Apple, 25 >2 >2 Tebuconazole Bifenthrin Insecti-Fungicide Red pepper, Tebuconazole Buprofezin WP Insecti-Fungicide Red pepper Tebuconazole Chlorpyrifos Insecti-Fungicide Garlic, Leek Tebuconazole Dimethoate Insecti-Fungicide Garlic 7 >10 >10 Tebuconazole Lambda-cyhalothrin Insecti-Fungicide Garlic, Onion Tebuconazole Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Lawn Tebuconazole Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Red pepper, 27 >10 >10 Tebuconazole Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Red pepper 27 >12.12 >12.12 Tebufenozide EC Persimmon, Tebufenozide SC Rice, Apple, 20 >10 >10 Tebufenozide WP Rice, Apple, 8 >10 >10 Tecloftalam WP Fungicide Rice Tecloftalam Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Rice 15 >10 >10 Teflubenzuron SC Persimmon, 5 >2 >2 Tefluthrin Peanut, Tefluthrin Thiamethoxam Red pepper, Tefuryltrione Triafamone Herbicide Rice 0.84 >10 >10

37 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 489 Tefuryltrione Triafamone SC Herbicide Rice 4.9 >10 >10 Tetraconazole EC Fungicide Persimmon, Tetraconazole EW Fungicide Pear, Tetraconazole Thifluzamide EC Fungicide Lawn Tetradifon EC Orange, Thiabendazole SC Orange, Apple 42 >10 >10 Thiacloprid Rice 1 >10 >10 Thiacloprid SC Apple, 10 >9.007 >9.007 Thiamethoxam DC Pine Thiamethoxam FG Potato, 1.5 >6.592 >6.592 Thiamethoxam Rice 1 >100 >100 Thiamethoxam Red pepper, 1.5 >6.592 >6.592 Thiamethoxam SL Pine Thiamethoxam WG Rose, >10 >10 Thiamethoxam WG Rice, Apple, 10 >10 >10 Thidiazuron WP Grape, Cymbidium Thifensulfuron-methyl WG Herbicide Barley 75 >10 >10 Thifluzamide Fungicide Rice, Lawn, Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Rice, Strawberry, 7 >10 >10 Thifluzamide SC Fungicide Rice, Lawn Thifluzamide Thiadinil SC Fungicide Rice 18.5 >10 >10 Thifluzamide Thiadinil Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 9.5 >10 >10 Thifluzamide Thiadinil Dinotefuran Insecti-Fungicide Rice 9 >10 >10 Thifluzamide Thiadinil Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Thifluzamide Tricyclazole Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Thifluzamide Tricyclazole Thiacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice 8 >10 >10 Thiobencarb EC Herbicide Rice Thiobencarb Herbicide Rice, Barley, Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate WP Persimmon, Thiodicarb WP Thiophanate-methyl PA Fungicide Apple, Orange Thiophanate-methyl SC Fungicide Rice, Grape 40 >10 >10 Thiophanate-methyl WP Fungicide Apple, Thiophanate-methyl Tricyclazole SC Fungicide Rice 30 >10 >10 Thiophanate-methyl Triflumizole WP Fungicide Rice, Apple, 60 >2 >2 Thiram FS Fungicide Bean, Thiram SC Fungicide Pear, Peach Thiram Methiocarb FS Others Corn, Bean Tiadinil Fungicide Rice 6 >10 >10 Tiadinil SC Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Benfuracarb Chlorantraniliprole Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Carbosulfan Insecti-Fungicide Rice 9.5 >10 >10

38 490 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 Tiadinil Chlorantraniliprole Insecti-Fungicide Rice 6.4 >10 >10 Tiadinil Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 6.5 >10 >10 Tiadinil Clothianidin SC Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Dinotefuran Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Flubendiamide Thiacloprid SC Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Imidacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice 8.5 >10 >10 Tiadinil Imidacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tiadinil Thiametoxam Insecti-Fungicide Rice Triadimefon WP Fungicide Pear, 5 >10 >10 Tribasic copper sulfate SC Fungicide Orange, 15(CU) >10 >10 Tricyclazole SC Fungicide Rice 41.7 >2 >2 Tricyclazole Benfuracarb Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tricyclazole Carbosulfan Imidacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tricyclazole Clothianidin Insecti-Fungicide Rice 4.5 >10 >10 Tricyclazole Dinotefuran Insecti-Fungicide Rice 3.5 >10 >10 Tricyclazole Fipronil Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tricyclazole Thiacloprid Insecti-Fungicide Rice 5 >10 >10 Tricyclazole Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Rice 25 >10 >10 Tricyclazole Validamycin-A Chromafenozide SC Insecti-Fungicide Rice 28.5 >10 >10 Tricyclazole Validamycin-A Ethofenprox SE Insecti-Fungicide Rice Tricyclazole Validamycin-A Methoxyfenozide SC Insecti-Fungicide Rice 29 >10 >10 Trifloxystrobin SC Fungicide Apple, Trifloxystrobin WG Fungicide Grape, Trifloxysulfuron-sodium Herbicide Lawn 0.12 >10 >10 Trifloxysulfuron-sodium WG Herbicide Lawn 75 >10 >10 Triflumizole WG Fungicide Watermelon, Triflumizole WP Fungicide Apple, Triflumuron WP Apple, 25 >10 >10 Triforine DC Fungicide Red pepper, Triforine EC Fungicide Eggplant, Trinexapac-ethyl ME Lawn 26.6 >10 >10 Trinexapac-ethyl SL Lawn 11.3 >11.3 >11.3 Validamycin-A DP Fungicide Rice, Potato 0.3 >10 >10 Validamycin-A SL Fungicide Rice, Strawberry, 5 >10 >10 Validamycin-A SC Fungicide Red pepper, 20 >10 >10 Validamycin-A SP Fungicide 10 >10 >10 Validamycin-A WG Fungicide 20 >10 >10 Zeta-cypermethrin EC Apple, Zeta-cypermethrin EW Apple Zoxamide SC Potato, 25 >10 >10 * NAS(National Institute of Agricultural Science) Database

39 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 491 목 )> 살균제 (304품목)> 살충제 (226품목)> 살균 살충제 (55품목 )> 생장조정제 (27품목)> 기타 (4품목) 순이었다. 어독성을 48시간이아니라 96시간 LC 50 값으로구분하게되면 41품목은 III급에서 II급으로, 18품목은 II급에서 I급으로독성등급이높아졌다. 특히, 벼재배용농약중독성등급이 II급에서 I급으로된 4품목은사용량, 제재의형태, 사용방법, 이화학적특성등을고려하여평가한결과안전성이인정되지않으면등록이보류될수도있다노출시간경과에따라급성독성발현을알아보기위해 48 시간 LC 50 값을 96시간 LC 50 값으로나눈결과, 전체 1,483품목중 831품목 (56.0%) 은독성값차이가없어 48시간이내에독성발현이완전히나타났음을알수있었다. 그러나 612품목 (41.3%) 은독성값차이가 1.01~1.99배, 그리고 40품목은 (2.7%) 은독성값차이가 2배이상으로 48시간이후에도급성발현이지속적으로나타남을알수있었다. 이것은노출시간이길어짐에따라 LC 50 값이감소해처리시간과농도와의관계는서로반비례한다는연구 (Lee et al. 1984) 와농약의독성발현이빨리나타나거나지속시간이짧은것도있지만늦게나타나거나지속시간이긴것, 또는장기간축적되어나타나는것이있어 48시간노출만으로는정확한급성독성값을얻기어렵다는보고와유사하였다 (Shin et al. 1988). 그러므로, 실제논이나밭, 과수원같은농경지에살포한농약이환경내에서이동하여지속적으로하천으로유입되거나저수지나호수에유입된이후에이동없이장기간존재하는것이일반적이므로 48시간보다는 96시간 LC 50 값이보다정확하고이값으로어독성을구분하는게더적합하다고할수있다. 미국, 유럽등에서 96시간 LC 50 값으로어독성을구분하고급성위해성평가에이용하는것을이러한이유로이해할수있다 (EPA 2004). 이런연구결과를본다면 48시간 LC 50 값은농약의 1단계위해성평가나어독성구분에이용하기는미흡하고, 미국이나유럽처럼 96시간 LC 50 값으로위해성평가나어독성구분을하는것이정확도와국제적조화차원에서타당하다고생각한다. 또한최근유엔 (UN 2015) 을중심으로화학물질 ( 농약포함 ) 의관리면에서분류및표지에관한세계조화시스템 (GHS) 를도입하여국제적조화, 상호인정범위를넓히려는국제적동향을볼때어독성구분체계를분석하여향후우리나라농약관리제도를발전시키는데참고할필요가있겠다. 감사의글 진것입니다. Literature Cited Bae, C. H., Y. K. Park, Y. S. Kim, K. W. Cho, S. H. Lee, C. K. Jung and K. S. Lee (2012) Correlation and sensitivity of acute toxicity of pesticides on the common carp (C. carpio) and Killifish (O. latipes). Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 16(1): Connell, D. and J. Yu (2008) Use of exposure time and life expectancy in models for toxicity to aquatic organisms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 57: Connell, D. W., Q. J. Yu and V. Verma (2016) Influence of exposure time on toxicity-an overview. Toxicology 355: EPA (1996) Ecological Effects Test Guidelines; Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater and Marine. EPA (2004) Chemical Hazard Classification and Labeling. Jonhson, W. W. and M. T. Finley (1980) Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic inverterbrates. United States, fish and Wildlife Service; 137. Korea Crop Protection Association (2017) Agrochemical Use Guide Book. Korea Crop Protection Association (2016) Pesticide Handbook. Lee, S. K., C. W. Park and J. K. Roh (1984) Acute aquatoxicity of chemicals to carp and changes of toxicity values dependent on treatment. Korea J. Environ. agric. 3(1): Lorraine, M, N. B. Naomi, C. M. Theo and J. Paul (2005) species sensitivity distributions of test species selection and relevance to aquatic ecosystems. Envir.Toxi. Chem. 24(2): Luciano, V. and D. A. Giovanna (1991) A critical review of comparative acute toxicity data on freshwater fish. Aquatic Toxicology. 19: OECD (1992) OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals; Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test / en. Pesticide Control Act (2017) Ministry of Government Legislation.. Shin, C. C., S. K. Lee and J.K. Roh (1988) The changes of aute toxicity of pesticides depending on the exposure time to killifish, Oryzias latipes. Korea J. Environ. Agric. l7(2): UN (2015) GHS(Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) sixth revised edition. 본연구는 2015 년부터 2017 년까지수행한농촌진흥청의 농약품목의급성환경유해성분야물질분류및표시체계개선 ( 과제번호 ; PJ010983) 의연구비지원에의하여이루어

40 492 박연기 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭 농약의급성어독성과노출시간에따른독성변화 박연기 * 오진아 유아선 박수진 조유미 이제봉 김찬섭국립농업과학원농산물안전성부농자재평가과 요약농약 1,483 품목의잉어급성독성시험성적중에서 48 시간과 96 시간 LC 50 값을독성구분기준에따라구분하여비교하였고, 노출시간차이에따른독성값변화를알아보기위해 48 h-lc 50 /96 h-lc 50 값을구하였다. 우리나라어독성분류기준인 48 시간 LC 50 값으로어독성을구분한결과, 1,483 품목중어독성 I 급 (LC 50 < 0.5 mg/l) 은 237 품목 (16.0%) II 급 (0.5 LC 50 < 2 mg/l) 은 203 품목 (13.7%), 그리고 III 급 (LC 50 2 mg/l) 은 1,043 품목 (70.3%) 이었다. 적용작물별로독성등급을구분하면벼재배용농약 643 품목중 I 급은없고 II 급은 83 품목 (12.9%), 그리고 III 급은 560 품목 (87.1%) 이었다. 원예용농약 840 품목중 I 급이 237 품목 (28.2%) II 급이 116 품목 (13.8%), 그리고 III 급이 487 품목 (58.0%) 이었다. 노출시간경과에따라급성독성변화를알아보기위해 48 시간 LC 50 값을 96 시간 LC 50 값으로나눈결과, 전체 1,483 품목중 831 품목 (56.0%) 은독성값차이가없어 48 시간이내에독성발현이완전히나타나노출시간이증가함에도독성차이가없는것으로나타났다. 그러나 612 품목 (41.3%) 은독성값차이가 1.01~1.99 배, 그리고 40 품목은 (2.7%) 은 2 배이상으로 48 시간이후에도독성발현이지속됨을알수있었다. 색인어 농약, 급성독성, 잉어, 반수치사농도, 노출시간