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21. (Dennies Ritchie) 1983 (Kenneth Thompson). 1941.. 1963. 5. 1960 MT MAC.. 1968. 1943.. 10. 1 50. 8 50. 1960 1962. 1963 1964 1965 1.., 1965.. (Multics), PDP-7.,..
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23. C, C ++.,. (http://www.research.att.com/ bs). C ++.