(JBE Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2015) (Special Paper) 20 1, 2015 1 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2015.20.1.40 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) MMT QoS a), a), a) Adaptive QoS Study for Video Streaming Service In MMT Protocol Bokyun Jo a), Doohyun Lee a), and Doug Young Suh a) MMT (MPEG Media Transport) (Best-effort service) QoS. (per-class), (per-flow), MMT,.,. (Upsampling). Abstract This paper discusses QoS enhancement in the Best-effort services of the service plan provided by MPEG Media Transport (MMT) systems for video streaming applications. Among MMT services, i.e. per-flow, per-class, and best-effort services, the server does not provide guaranteed bandwidth for the best-effort service only. Therefore, in the best-effort services, a bandwidth access priority is defined for various services, where the lowest priority is assigned to the low-level video services. To alleviate the issue of bandwidth limitation in the best-effort services, this paper investigates transmission of low-resolution video with low bitrate and up-sampling. Our experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed method in terms of delivered video quality. Keyword : MMT System, Bilinear Interpolation, QoS (Quality Of Service), Best Effort, MOS (Mean Opinion Score) a) (Electronic and Radio Engineering Kyunhee University) Corresponding Author : (Doug Young Suh) E-mail: suh@khu.ac.kr Tel: +82-31-201-2963 ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3120-0737 This research was funded by the MSIP(Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning), Korea in the [MCCN] Program 2013. This research was supported by the MSIP(Ministry of Science, ICT& Future Planning), Korea, under the C-ITRC(Convergence Information Technology Research Center) support program (NIPA-2013- H0301-13-1006) supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency). Manuscript received November 17, 2014 Revised January 14, 2015 Accepted January 26, 2015
2 : MMT QoS (Bokyun Jo et al. : Adaptive QoS Study for Video Streaming Service In MMT Protocol). MPEG-2 TS (Moving Picture Experts Group-2 Transport Stream). N.. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/ WG11 (MPEG) MPEG (MPEG Media Transport: MMT) [1][2]., MMT (cross-layer) QoS. L1/L2/L3 QoS (harmonization). MMT UHD 3D TV. MMT, QoS (Cross Layer Interface: CLI) [3][4]. QoS (Per-flow) MANE (Media Aware Network Element) (Per-class), FU (Free-user)., Per-flow, Per-class MANE QoS., MANE MMT QoS.,.. 2 MMT. 3. 4 MMT. 5.. 1. MMT System MPEG-H (High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments) FDIS 2014 MMT [5]. 1 MMT. Per-flow,. Per-class MANE. MANE., Per-flow, Per-class.
(JBE Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2015) 1. MMT Fig. 1. present MMT transmission system MMT MANE ADC (Asset Delivery Characteristic) Per-flow Per-class. MMT. 1.. Per-class, Per-flow. 2. Image Upsampling MMT Best-effort. (Bilinear Interpolation). 4 [6]. 2 2. Fig. 2. Pixel arrangement of Bilinear Interpolation 4. (1).,.,.
2 : MMT QoS (Bokyun Jo et al. : Adaptive QoS Study for Video Streaming Service In MMT Protocol) 3. Reduced-Resolution Update (RRU) Reduced-Resolution Update (RRU) H.263 Annex Q [7]. RRU. RRU PSNR [8]. QoS. RRU. PSNR RRU. MMT QoS. 4.. Best-effort QoS MMT 3., MMT QoS (Feedback Message). MPEG-MMT AMD1 ADC table (Asset Delivery Characteristic table). MMT NAM (Network Abstraction for Media) ( NAMF Message) MANE ADC table NAMF message. Per-flow, Per-class, Per-flow. Per-class MMT MANE QoS. Best-effort MANE. 3. Best-effort Fig. 3. Best-effort service of proposed method
44 방송공학회논문지 제20권 제1호, 2015년 1월 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2015) 해상도의 영상을 전송하여 전송 비트율을 낮춘다. 이렇게 저해상도의 영상을 전송받은 MANE에서는 기존의 MMT 에서 수행되었던 랜덤하게 패킷을 제외하는 작업에 대한 확률이 낮아지게 되고 전송받은 패킷들을 우회하여 노력형 사용자에게 전송한다. 전송받은 저해상도의 콘텐츠는 선형 보간법을 통해 고해상도의 영상으로 상향 표본화되고 사용 자에게 영상을 서비스한다. Ⅳ. Best-effort 서비스 실험 본 논문에서 새롭게 제안하는 방식의 노력형 서비스는 MANE의 Feedback 메시지를 통해 제한된 대역폭보다 서 비스할 콘텐츠의 전송 비트율이 더 높을 경우 서버에서 저 해상도의 영상을 전송하여 전송 비트율을 낮추어 제한된 대역폭을 극복하고 기존의 MMT 시스템의 노력형 서비스 보다 좋은 화질의 영상을 제공하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문 에서 제안하는 서비스의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 기존의 MMT 시스템에서 제공하는 노력형 서비스와 제안하는 노 력형 서비스를 비교하도록 한다. 즉, 기존의 MMT 시스템 을 통해 사용자에게 제공되는 영상과 본 논문에서 제안하 는 방식을 통해 사용자에게 제공하는 영상의 MOS (Mean Opinion Square) 측정을 통해 입증하도록 한다. 표 1. 제안하는 방식을 테스트하기 위한 영상들의 특성 Table 1. specification of videos for proposed method test Specification Test1 Test2 Test3 Test4 Resolution(HR) 1280x720 1280x720 1280x720 1280x720 Resolution(LR) 640x360 640x360 640x360 640x360 Intra Period 8 8 8 8 GOP size 16 16 16 16 Frame rate(hz) 26 26 26 26 표 1은 제안하는 방식의 노력형 서비스를 테스트하기 위 해 사용된 영상의 특성을 보여준다. 4개의 테스트 영상은 2014년 10월 20일에 프랑스의 스트라스부르에서 열린 MPEG 회의에서 MMT Demo로서 사용한 테스트 영상과 동일한 영상이다. 각 영상은 동일한 콘텐츠로서 기존 MMT 시스템에서 전송 패킷을 랜덤하게 제외하는 점을 고 기존의 MMT 시스템의 BE] 그림 4. 기존의 노력형과 새롭게 제안하는 방식의 노력형 서비스 결과 영상 [ [9] [ 새롭게 제안하는 방식의 BE] Fig. 4. result videos of original method and proposed method for Best-effort service
2 : MMT QoS (Bokyun Jo et al. : Adaptive QoS Study for Video Streaming Service In MMT Protocol) 4. HR (High-Resolution) MMT MANE LR (Low-Resolution) MANE. 4 MMT.,. 2. PSNR (BE: Best-effort) Table 2. each PSNR for original and proposed method classification Test1 Test2 Test3 Test4 Original MMT BE(dB) 50.1 23.9 15.1 64.26 Proposed BE(dB) 49.3 25.5 20.1 43.2 2 MMT PSNR. 2 PSNR. PSNR. 5. 5 MMT.. 5. MOS Fig. 5. Perceptual video quality scale in MOS 3. MOS Table 3. each MOS for original and proposed method classification Test1 Test2 Test3 Test4 Original MMT BE 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.5 Proposed BE 3.5 4 3.7 3.3 - (Image Pro- cessing) 20 10. -. - (sub- jective test). - 5. - (Mean). 3 MOS [10]. 3 MMT MOS 1.9., MOS 3.6... MMT
(JBE Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2015) 3., QoS. MMT (Error Concealment).. (References) [1] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N11539, "Call for Proposals on MPEG Media Transport(MMT)", July, 2010. [2] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N13462, "Requirments on MPEG Media Transport(MMT)", April, 2013. [3] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N13463, Use Cases for MPEG Media Tranport(MMT)", April, 2013. [4] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N13985, "Study of ISO/IEC 23008-1 DAM 2 Header Compression and Cross Layer Interface", January, 2014. [5] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N13982, "Text of ISO/IEC FDIS 23008-1 MPEG Media Transport", Nov, 2013. [6] Heechang Kim, Sangjun Park, Jin Wang, Yonghoon Kim, and Jechang Jeong, "Advanced Bilinear Image Interpolation Based On Edge Features", IEEE, Advances in Multimedia, pp. 33-36, July, 2009. [7] G. Cote, B. Erol, M. Gallant, and F. Kossentini, "H.263+:video coding at low bit rates.", IEEE Trans, Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 849-866, Nov. 1988. [8] Jeehong Lee, Byeong-Moon Jeon, and HyunWook Park, "A Reduced Resolution Update Method on Transform Domain for H.264/AVC", IEEE, Image Processing, ICIP, pp. 2120-2123, Oct, 2008 [9] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N35200, "MMT QoS management for adaptive bandwidth service", October, 2014. [10] Jing Hu, Sayantan Choudhury, and Jerry D. Gibson, "PSNRr,f-MOSr: An easy-to-compute multiuser perceptual video quality measure", IEEE, Quality of Multimedia Experience, pp. 116-120, July, 2009. - 2013 : - 2013 ~ : MediaLab - ORCID : 0000-0003-0756-5912 - : Video Coding(HEVC), Mobile Multimedia Service, Cloud Computing - 2013 : - 2013 ~ : MediaLab - ORCID : 0000-0002-4481-110X - :,,,
2 : MMT QoS (Bokyun Jo et al. : Adaptive QoS Study for Video Streaming Service In MMT Protocol) - 1990 : - 1992 ~ : - ORCID : http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3120-0737 - : Networked Media, Mobile Multimedia, MPEG/3GPP Standardization