Microsoft Word - KSR2015S175

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1 2015 년도한국철도학회춘계학술대회논문집 KSR2015S175 차상중심열차제어시스템무선통신안정성을위한간섭환경분석 Interference Analysis for Reliale Wireless Counication of On-Board Oriented Train Control Syste 성유석 *, 백종현 *, 양도철 *, 박철홍 ** Yu-Suk Sung *, Jong-yen Baek *, Doh-Chul Yang *, Chul-ong Park ** Astract On-oard oriented train control syste enales trains to operate efficient and econoical way y reducing wayside equipent. For transission of train control signals, several wireless counication technologies such as 2.4 Gz and WiFi or LTE-R, which is an integrated wireless network for railway, are considered. As the train control signals are directly connected with train safety, high reliaility is required for wireless transission. In this paper, we exaine interference analysis ethods of wireless systes and draw interference scenarios for stale counication of on-oard oriented train control syste. Keywords : On-oard oriented train control syste, Wireless counication, Interference Analysis, Co-existence 초록차상중심열차제어시스템은선로변시설물의간소화를통하여효율적이고경제적인열차운영을가능하게하기위한시스템이다. 열차제어신호전송을위한기반무선통신기술로 2.4Gz 대역의무선랜, 철도전용통합무선망인 LTE-R 등을이용하는방안을고려하고있다. 열차제어신호는열차안전과직결되므로무선통신을통한신호전송에있어높은신뢰성이요구된다. 본논문에서는차상중심열차제어시스템의안정적인무선통신을위해무선시스템간섭분석방법을살펴보고, 발생할수있는상호간섭시나리오를도출한다. 주요어 : 차상중심열차제어시스템, 무선통신, 간섭분석, 양립성 1. 서론 현재국내철도시스템은궤도회로, 연동장치등의지상설비를통하여선로전환기, 건널목차단기등의선로변설비를제어하는지상중심의열차제어시스템으로구성되어있다. 특히일일운행횟수가적은지선의경우많은종류의지상설비를운용하는것은효율성측면에서적합하지않다. 이러한점에착안하여 Fig. 1과같이무선통신을기반으로하여차상에서직접열차진로상의선로변시설물을제어하는차상중심열차제어시스템개념이제안되었다 [1]. 차상중심열차제어시스템은선로변시설물의간소화를통하여효율적이고경제적인열차운영을가능하게할것으로기대되며. 실용화를위한시제품개발과현장시험이진행중이다 [2,3]. 교신저자 : 한국철도기술연구원광역도시교통연구본부 ICT 융합연구팀 (sfaily@krri.re.kr) * 한국철도기술연구원광역도시교통연구본부 ICT 융합연구팀 ** 성균관대학교전자전기공학부

2 Fig. 1 Configuration of ICT-ased train control syste 열차제어신호전송을위한무선통신기술로는 IEEE 기반의무선랜을비롯하여철도전용통합무선망인 LTE-R 등이고려되고있다 [4,5]. 신뢰성있는열차제어신호의전송은열차안전과직결되어있으므로, 무엇보다도안정적인무선통신이보장되어야한다. 본논문에서는차상중심열차제어시스템용무선통신시스템도입으로인하여선행되어야할기존무선시스템과의양립성분석을위하여간섭분석방법을살펴보고, 무선통신기술과운용주파수에따라발생가능한상호간섭시나리오를도출한다. 2. 본론 2.1 무선시스템간섭분석개요 간섭분석방법간섭에는이종시스템간의간섭과동종시스템간의간섭이있다. 이종시스템간의간섭이발생하는경우는이종시스템이동일대역에존재하는경우와인접대역에존재하는경우로구분할수있으며동종시스템간의간섭은인접대역에동종시스템이서비스를시행하는경우이다. 간섭을분석하는방법에는 MCL(Miniu Coupling Loss), Snapshot 방법을이용한시스템레벨시뮬레이션, Analytic 시뮬레이션, Dynaic 시스템레벨시뮬레이션이있다 간섭분석을위한 RF 특성인접대역시스템간간섭분석을위해서는각사용시스템의 RF 특성을알아야한다. 간섭분석시필요한시스템특성으로는송신기의최대출력, 점유주파수대역폭, 송. 수신기의안테나이득, 스펙트럼마스크, 수신감도, 송. 수신필터특성등이있다. 송신필터특성은스펙트럼마스크또는인접채널누설전력비 (ACLR: Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio), 수신필터특성은인접채널선택도 (ACS: Adjacent Channel Selectivity) 와연관이되어이로부터간섭원의인접채널간섭비 (ACIR: Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio) 특성이나타나게된다.

3 MCL 방법 MCL 방법은가장큰간섭이발생할수있는상황을가정하여간섭원이피간섭원에미치는간섭량을계산하고이를통해적정한간섭량을유지하기위한주파수이격량을산출하는방법이다. MCL 방법은계산이간단한장점이있지만간섭원의위치및채널환경에따른결과의차이가큰단점도가지고있다. 주파수이격을고정된경우의적절한이격거리를구하거나, 두시스템사이의거리를일정한값으로고정한경우시스템간적절한주파수이격 ( 또는보호대역 ) 을구할수있다. MCL 방법에의한간섭량계산에사용되는값들은 Tale 1과같다. Tale 1 List of RF paraeters for interference analysis Paraeter Syol Unit Maxiu transit power of the interferer P t,ax db Transit antenna gain of the interferer G t dbi ACLR of the interferer to the victi ACLR db Receiver sensitivity of the victi Ref_sens db Required CINR of the victi (C/I) req db Receiving antenna gain of the victi G r dbi ACS of the victi ACS db 보호대역산출과정은다음과같다. 가 ) 인접채널간섭비 (ACIR) 계산 1 ACIR (1) 1 1 ACLR ACS 나 ) 허용가능한최대인접채널간섭량 (ACI ax ) 산출 다 ) 경로손실 (PL: path loss) 계산라 ) 필요 ACIR 계산 ACI Ref_sens 3dB (2) ax (C/I) req P t,ax G t G req r ACIR PL ACI t,ax ax ( ACIR) P G G PL ACI t r ax (3) 마 ) 보호대역산출 2.2 차상중심열차제어시스템무선통신대역사용시스템 Gz 대역무선랜각채널대역폭은 22Mz, 중심주파수간채널간격은 5Mz인시스템으로총 13개의채널이할당되어있으며, 동일장소에서전파간섭없이사용가능한채널수는 3~4개정도이다. 동

4 일한무선랜시스템간간섭외에간섭을일으킬수있는인접대역에서동작하는무선시스템으로는도서통신용, 특정소출력무선기기 ( 무선데이터통신시스템용, 이동체식별장치용 ), 디지털코드없는전화기 (DCP: Digital Cordless Phone) 등이있다 LTE-R LTE 통신방식기반의차세대철도통합무선망구축을위한후보주파수대역연구에따르면 700Mz, 1.8Gz, 2.5/2.6Gz 대역을후보대역으로제안하였다 [6]. 2012년호남선 ( 일로 ~ 대불약 12k) 구간에시범구축된 LTE-R 망은시험주파수인 2.6Gz 대역을할당받아시험이진행되었다 [7]. 2014년 11월에는재난망주파수가확정되었고, 최근고시된주파수분배표에따르면 Mz 및 Mz의주파수대역은재난안전통신망, 철도통합무선통신망, 해상초고속무선통신망등의통합공공망전용주파수로사용한다 는내용이추가되었다 [8]. 700Mz 대역의철도통신망을이용하는경우같은주파수대역의다른재난망무선시스템과의간섭문제를고려해야한다. 또한향후이대역에주파수할당을받게될지상파 UD 방송혹은이동통신과의간섭가능성이존재한다. 2.3 간섭분석시나리오 앞에서살펴본바와같이차상중심열차제어시스템을위한무선통신방식과주파수대역에따라발생할수있는간섭발생시나리오를 Tale 2에정리하였다. 철도환경의특성을반영하여추가되거나삭제되는시나리오가발생할수있다. Tale 2 Interference scenarios etween wireless networks of on-oard oriented train control syste and adjacent wireless systes No. Wireless technology for on-oard oriented train control syste Victi Interferer 1 WiFi (train) WiFi (others) 2 WiFi (others) WiFi (train) 3 WiFi (train) Inter-island counication 4 Inter-island counication WiFi (train) WiFi (2.4Gz) 5 WiFi (train) Low power radio equipent 6 Low power radio equipent WiFi (train) 7 WiFi (train) Digital cordless phone 8 Digital cordless phone WiFi (train) 9 LTE-R (2.6Gz) LTE LTE-R (2.6Gz) 10 LTE LTE-R (2.6Gz) 11 LTE-R (700Mz) Integrated pulic wireless network 12 Integrated pulic wireless network LTE-R (700Mz) LTE-R (700Mz) 13 LTE-R (700Mz) UDTV 14 UDTV LTE-R (700Mz)

5 2.4 경로손실모델 차상중심열차제어시스템무선통신시스템의경로손실은 Extended ata 모델을가정한다. 도심환경 (uran) 에서의경로손실모델은식 (4) 와같이주어진다 log(150) 20 log(150 f ) log(ax{30, }) [ log(ax{30, })](log( d)) a( ) ( ) for 150 Mz f 1500 Mz PL (uran) log(2000) 10 log( f 2000) log(ax{30, }) [ log(ax{30, })](log( d)) a( ) ( ) for 2000 Mz f 3000 Mz (4) 여기서 f는중심주파수 (Mz), d는송수신안테나사이의거리 (k),, 는각각송수신안테나중낮은높이와높은높이에해당하며, d<20k 인경우 =1로주어진다. a( ) 과 ( ) 는다음과같이주어진다. a( ) 1.1logf ) 0.7in{10; } (156 log( f ) 0.8) ax0;20 log( 10) (5) ( ) in0;20 log( 30) 개방환경 (open) 인경우다음과같은보정값을반영하여계산한다. PL (open) PL (uran) 4.78 log 18.33log 2 inax{150; f };2000 inax150; f ; 차상안테나높이 4, 지상시설물안테나높이 1를가정한경우식 (5) 에따른경로손실그래프는 Fig. 2와같다. 2.6Gz 대역의경우 700Mz 대역과비교하여약 20dB 정도의경로손실이더발생한다. (6) Fig. 2 Configuration of ICT-ased train control syste

6 3. 결론본논문에서는차상중심열차제어시스템을위한무선통신시스템의안정성을위해선결되어야할무선시스템양립성에대하여살펴보았다. Worst case 분석방법인 MCL 간섭분석방식과고려중인무선통신방식과주파수대역에따라상호간섭을일으킬수있는시나리오를도출하였다. 이를바탕으로일차적인간섭분석을수행한후향후보다실제적인환경을반영할수있는몬테카를로기반의시뮬레이션을통한간섭분석을수행할예정이다. 참고문헌 [1] J.-. Baek,.-J. Jo, E.-K. Chae,.-Y. Choi, et al. (2013) Feasiility study of iproved train control syste using on-oard controller for intelligent control of trackside facilities, Journal of the Korean Society for Railway, 16(6), pp [2] C.. Park,.Y. Choi, J.-. Baek (2014) Preliinary field trial of iproved train control syste using on-oard control, The Journal of Korea Inforation and Counications Society, 39(3), pp [3] J.-. Baek (2014) Counication consecutive test of train oriented control syste for wayside equipent control, The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 63(5), pp [4] Korea Railroad Research Institute (2011) Developent of technology for safety and efficiency iproveent of train operation, KRRI annual research report. [5] J.-. Baek,.Y. Choi, G. Ki, C.. Park (2014) A study on the wireless counication interface for on-oard oriented train control syste field test, Proceedings of the 2014 KICS suer conference, pp [6] D.-K. Park, S.-Y. Lee, B. Yoon, Y.-K. Ki (2013) Proposal of wireless counication ethod and candidate frequency and for constructing the integrated radio networks for railroads, Journal of the Korean Society for Railway, 16(6), pp [7] Y. Song, Y.-K. Ki, J.-. Baek (2013) Developent of Integrated Wireless Network for Railway, Journal of the Korean Society for Railway, 16(6), pp [8] Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015) Tale of radio frequency allocations.

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