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1 Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 47~5, 9. Development and Characterizations of Environment-friendly Lime Paint Dae Ju Hwang*, ***, Ho Sung Kim**, Seung Kwan Lee*, Moon Kwan Choi*, Hwan Kim*, and Jong Dae Lee*** *Korea Institute of Limestone & Advanced Materials, Chungbuk , Korea **Kwang Jin Mining Co., Ltd., Chungbuk 395-9, Korea ***Department Chemical Engineering of Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk , Korea (Received October 7, 8; Revised December 18, 8; Accepted December 31, 8) ey z p y *, *** Á½y **Á *Á *Á½ y*á *** *w z **Ÿ ( ) *** w ywœw (8 1 7 ; ; ) ABSTRACT Lime paint surpassing others in execution efficiency, anti-bacterial, anti-mold and small quantity emission of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) characteristics was developed using a limestone as raw materials. The lime paint prepared by mixing slaked lime(37 ~ 4 wt%), PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), talc(3 wt%), TiO (14 wt%), zeolite (3 wt%), antifoaming agent(5 wt%), wetting agent (5 wt%) was indicated over 99.8% of anti-bacterial and anti-mold characteristics. Also, the environment-friendly function of the lime paint was confirmed by detection of small amount of s(.1 mg/m h) and formaldehyde(.8 mg/m h). Execution efficiency, economy-and environment-friendly characteristics of this lime paint can make up for defects of established paints. And, it also presents the advantage of a limestone as high value added materials. Key words : Calcium hydroxide, Paint, s,, Anti-bacterial, Anti-mold 1. k,, ü w w w w š. w ew œ w. ù w» Á» û ù w ü ƒ ƒ wš, q ù ³ w. w w yw w { w ww {»yw (Volatile Organic Compounds) ü v» w. w y w» w ey» yw w ƒ Corresponding author : Dae Ju Hwang hdj157@limestone.re.kr Tel : Fax : y š. 1-9) p, z w w ƒ x y w w š. ü ü z (lime plaster) ew y, w px w. 1-3) z z ù, s x, ü œ» z ƒ. ù z zƒ œ» yk w yw, y f ù» š, p Ë ew f w, e w. w, ü z yw y w ü» w š. ü z wš,» w y,» w z y w» wš w. 47

2 48 y Á½y Á Á Á½ yá. x.1. z w z w œ w. z CaO» 74% w š, Polyvinylalcohol(88 wt%) Ethylenevinylalcohol (98 wt%) w. ƒ y (Talc, ( ) fl), p(zeolite, ( )f lj), ypk (TiO, g yw( )), (Illite-Kaoline)/ (Monazite)(SM ( )), s (( ) e), (( ) e) w. z(4 wt%) 1 w, PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), y 3 wt%, ypk 14 wt%, w p 3wt%, s 5wt%, 5wt% y ww ey z w (Sample 1). Sample z(37 wt%) 1 w, PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), y 3 wt%, y pk 14 wt%, w p 3wt%, 3wt%, s 5 wt%, 5wt% yww ey z w. Sample 3 z(37 wt%) 1 w, PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), y 3 wt%, y pk 14 wt%, w p 3 wt%, 3wt%, s 5 wt%, 5wt% yww ey z w... p..1. z y SEM ƒƒ z v s sw z y z FE-SEM(Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope, HITACHI S-43) e w w.... w³ x w w³ x Shake Flask ww. x ³ ³ Escherichia coli ATCC 59) ³(Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1544) w...3. w q x w q ASTM G-1 5 yw ³ (Aspergillus niger ATCC 964, Penicillium pinophilum ATCC 11797, Chaetomium globosum ATCC 65, Gliociadium virens ATCC 9645, Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 1533) w p w...4. {»yw /s x {»yw (TVCOs, ) ü œ» œ x w p w. x x 4.3 ~ 5.3 o C, y»z.5z/h, 47 ~ 51%, w.4 m /m 3, x» ( ) 3, s 33 g/m w...5. / x ( xr :4 4 3 mm, xr ) KICM-FIR-16 FT-IR Spectrometer w Blank Body d w sample p w. d (Kobe Dempa KST-9) d œ», d /CC w, d.4 cm /V sec sample 3 p w...6. r p x z (Sample 1) r p x w KS M 61-'4 x (K.U), { (%), š y ( ), y (45 o ), Ÿk(85 o ), s, ü, þ,»ü k, ü e, ý,, ü q w w. 3. š 3.1. w³ p Sample 1 w shake flask w w³ p Table 1 ùkü. w, ³ ³ w w³ x Fig. 1 Fig. ƒƒ ùkü. Fig. 1 ³ w w³ x, 4 z ³ 99.8% ³ š, Fig. ³ w w³ x Table 1. The Antibacterial Test Results - Sample 1 By E. coli, antibacterial test Initial concentration (CFU/4p) After 4 h the concentration (CFU/4p) Germ rate (%) Blank sample By Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Blank antibacterial test sample Using strain Escherichia coli ATCC 59 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1544 KCIM-FIR-1 w wz

3 친환경성 석회 도료의 개발 및 특성 연구 49 Anti-mold Test Results - Sample 1 Anti-mold test the test period of Culture after 1 after after 3 after 4 ASTM G- 1 Table. (Totals Volatile Organic Compounds)/ (Formaldehyde) Test Results - Sample 1 Totals Volatile Organic Indoor air Compounds()(mg/mh).14 quality process Formaldehyde()(mg/mh).8 Table 3. Fig. 1. Photos by E. coli antibacterial test - sample 1. Environment-friendly Building Materials Certification Levels (Unit: mg/mh) Classification paint less than.1 best less than.3 more than.1~less than. Excellence more than.3~less than.5 more than.~less than.4 Good more than.5~less than.1 more than.4~less than. General I more than.1~less than.6 more than.~less than 4. General II more than.6~less than 1.5 Table 4. Fig.. Photos by Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibacterial test sample 1. 로, 4시간 후의 녹농균 분석 결과 99.8%의 세균 감소율 을 보여주고 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 석회 도료의 주성분인 CaO의 화학적 특성에 기인하는 것으로, 석회가 수용액 상에서 나타내게 되는 강한 알칼리성이 높은 항균 특성을 나타낸다. CaO 및 MgO 성분은 일반적인 무기계 항균제로 분류되며 특 히, 슬러리 상에서 강한 알칼리성을 나타냄으로써 항균 특성을 발휘한다. 본 연구의 sample 1이 나타내는 항균 특성은 Mendonca 외가 제시한 MgO 및 CaO의 항균 특성과도 일치하는 것 을 보여주고 있다. 항곰팡이성 특성 분석 Sample 1에 대하여 ASTM G-1방법으로 분석한 항곰 팡이성 특성을 Table 에 나타내었다. Fig. 3에는 시험편 에 대한 4주 동안의 균사 발육 시험 결과를 나타내었다. Fig. 3에 나타낸 것과 같이 4주가 지날 때 까지도 시험편 의 접종 부위에 균사의 발육이 발견되지 않았으며, 이 같 은 결과 역시 석회 도료의 주성분인 소석회의 강한 알칼 리성에 기인된다고 판단되며, 또한 부가적인 항곰팡이 특 성을 위해 첨가한 소량의 합성 제올라이트의 특성에 의 해 기인된다고 판단된다. 4) 3.. Fig. 3. Photos by anti-mold s - sample 1. 원적외선 음이온 방출 특성 분석 석회도료의 기능성을 부가하기 위하여 sample 1의 구성 비율에 원적외선 방출 소재(Illite-Kaoline)/음이온 방출소 재(Monazite)를 첨가하여 항균성, 항곰팡이성 이외에 원적 외선 방출 기능 과 음이온 방출 기능을 부가하였다. 제조 된 sample 는 원적외선 방출 소재를 첨가한 것으로 다 음 Table 5와 같이 원적외선 방출량은 원적외선 방출량 (4 C)일 때 방사율(5~ µm).915로 나타냈으며, 방사 에너지(W/m )는 로 나타냈다. 이는 Table 6의 원 적외선 방출 소재(Illite-Kaoline)의 방사율(5~ µm).93, 3.3. / o 제 46 권 제 1호(9)

4 5 y Á½y Á Á Á½ yá Table 5. The Far-infrared Radiation Emission Test Results - Sample Far infrared rays emissions (4 o C) emissivity (5~ µm) radiant energy (W/m ) KICM-FTR-15 Remarks)the s measured with the FT-IR spectrometer against blank Body. Table 6. The Far-infrared Radiation Emission Test Results Of The Far-infrared Radiation Emission Materials (Illite- Kaoline) - Sample Far infrared rays emissions (4 o C) emissivity (5~ µm) radiant energy (W/m ) KICM-FTR-15 Remarks)the s measured with the FT-IR spectrometer against blank Body. Table 7. The Anion Emission Test Results - Sample 3 anion emission Blank 75 KICM-FIR-14 (ION/cc) sample Table 8. The Anion Emission Test Results Of The Anion Emission Materials (Monazite) - Sample 3 anion emission (ION/cc) Blank 75 anion emission materials (Monazite) KICM-FIR-14 (W/m ) w û e ùkü sample s z y k» {ƒ q. sample 3». z sample 1 ƒw» ƒw. Table 7 sample 3 641ION/cc ùkû. (Monazite) Table ION/cc. sample 3 sample 3 s z y k» {ƒ z y z p w š q w {»yw /s p ü œ» œ x (y š 4-8y) w sample 1 w {»yw s Table 3 ùkü. w {»yw ().1 mg/m h, s ().8 mg/m h ùkû, ey t š w (Table 4) ( ) w w. z» ù œw š., xk ƒ œ w ƒ w w w œ w ey q w z SEM z w p t 1z s z y» w FE-SEM w w. Fig. 4 z v s s z y. (a) sample 1 z š, (b) sample sample 1 w» ƒw z š, (c) sample 3 sample 1 w» ƒw z. Fig. 4 (a) sample 1 FE-SEM image e w š, (b) sample š (c) sample 3 FE-SEM image ƒƒ š. ƒƒ w z» w w sample 1 e w š. (a) sample 1 z w z 4 wt% š, (b) sample (c) sample 3 z w z 37 wt%» q. w š». z w v s s z y kƒ šw ùký. ù, z w w k e ù ƒ»š kƒ» š, s z y yk w x. 14,17), z w w w, ƒ p w» p w p j w e r p z (sample 1) r p ü xw, Table 9 r w wz

5 친환경성 석회 도료의 개발 및 특성 연구 Fig SEM images of lime paint after curing lime paint - (a) sample 1, (b) sample, (c) sample 3. Water Paint Test Results - Sample 1 consistency (K.U) 87 nonvolatile (%) 3 drying time (min) 3 diffuse reflectance (45o) 86 gloss (85o) 3 hiding power.95 washability resistance 1 KS M 61-'4 low temperature stability (consistency change : 3K.U) condition in container alkaliproof odor storage stability fungus resistance 8 Table 9. 트 내부용의 1급 기준에 만족하였다. 그러나 불휘발분과 내세척성이 수성페인트 내부용 1급 기준(불휘발분 5%, 내세척성 :5회 이상 세척한 후 도막이 견디어야하고, 색 상의 차이가 없어야 한다)에 미달하였다. 이는 본 석회도 료가 중점도이기 때문에 시험에 적합하기 위해 7:3 wt% (석회도료 : 물) 비율로 희석하여 분석하였기 때문으로 판 단된다. 4. 결 론 국내 최대의 부존 광물인 석회석 자원을 활용하여 시 공성이 탁월하고 항균 및 항곰팡이 특성을 가지며 휘발 성 유기화합물이 적고 원적외선 방출과 같은 기능성이 뛰 어난 석회도료를 개발하였다. 소석회(4 wt%), PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), 활석 3 wt%, 이산화티탄 14 wt%, 합성제올라이트 3 wt%, 소포제 5 wt%, 습윤제 5wt% 및 원적외선 방출 소재(Illite-Kaoline)/음이온 방출 소재(Monazite) 각각 3 wt%를 혼합하여 제조된 석회 도료는 피 도포물에 도포한 후 경화된 조직을 관찰한 결 과 치밀한 조직과 내구성을 보였으며, 99.8% 이상의 항 균 특성 및 뛰어난 항곰팡이 특성을 나타내었으며, 원적외 선 방출량은 원적외선 방출량(4 C)일 때 방사율(5~ µm) 이.915, 방사에너지(W/m )는 로 나타냈으며, 음 이온 방출량은 641ION/cc이다. 또한, 실내 공기질 공정 시 험법에 의하여 분석한 결과 휘발성 유기화합물()은.1 mg/m h, 포름알데히드()는.8 mg/m h이 검출 되어 친환경성 건축자재 품질 인증제에서 고시하는 최우 수 등급(도료 부분)에 해당하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 도료는 기존의 일반 도료나 미네랄 도료의 단점을 보완하고 시공성, 경제성 및 친환경성 등이 우수 한 수성 도료로서의 기능성과 함께 국내의 비금속 광물 중 석회석 자원을 고부가가치 제품으로 활용할 수 있다 는 점을 확인하였다. o Acknowledgment 본 연구는 지식경제부의 6년 지원특화기술혁신선 도기업사업 지원 사업으로 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립 니다. REFERENCES 1. Y.H.Cho, Development Status of the Automotive Paint Technology(in Korean), J. Kor. Ind. & Eng. Chemistry, [1] 1-7 (1993).. Broek, A.D., Environment-friendly Paints: Their Technical (Im)possibilities, Progress in organic coating: an international journal, [1] (1993). 3. Nakayama, Takaomi ; Hosono, Hiroshi, Development of New Environment-friendly Metal Oxide Conversion Coating Chemical for Paint Base(in Jpn), J. Japan Soc. of Colour Mater., [9] (6). 4. C.G. Lee and I.K. Hong, Physical Properties of Synthetic Acrylic Coating Containing Alkoxysilane(in Korean), J 제 46 권 제 1호(9)

6 5 y Á½y Á Á Á½ yá Kor. Ind. Eng. Chemistry, 1 [8] (1). 5. S.J. Lee, J.K. Sung, S.H. Kim, and W.T. Bae, A Study on the Properties and Fabrications of Eco-Ceramics Paint(in Korean), J. Kor. Ceram. Soc., 4 [1] (5). 6. D.M. Shin and C.N. Kim, An Experimental Study on the Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) from Indoor Materials, J. Industrial Liaison Research Institute, (). 7. J.H. Kim and J.J. Lee, Characteristics of VOCs and Formaldehyde Emissions Concentration from Building Materials(in Korean), Bull. Nat. Sci. Yong-In, 7 [1] (3). 8. J.J. Yee, S.H. Kim, and S.Y. Choi, An IAQ Field Survey at Newly Built Classroom By Applying Environment Friendly Materials(in Korean), Kor. DEPRI, 7 [1] 61-8 (5). 9. K.S. Kim, J.D. Chung, and S.K. Kang, A Study on the Control and Analysis of VOCs Emission in Paint Booth(in Korean), J. Kor. KSEE, 5 [1] (3). 1. Aomi Kaihatsu, Lime Plaster-Containing Adhesive and Hardening Material(in Jpn), JP patent 75, Himeno RIikuo, Coating Composition(in Jpn), JP patent , Aoki Masaru, Plaster Decoration Technique(in Jpn), JP patent 378, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Moisture Permeable Film Having Humidity Controlling Function and its Manufacturing Method(in Jpn), JP patent , Himeno Rikuo, Method for Stabilizing Dispersion of Plaster Composition in Water(in Jpn), JP patent 3379, Inax Corp, Humidity Conditioning Method and Structure Therefor(in Jpn), JP patent 377, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Inorganic Coating Composition, Humidity Conditioning Material and Constructional Material Using The Same and Method for Producing Inorganic Coating Composition(in Jpn), JP patent 39898, Himeno Rikuo, Method for Stabilizing Water-Coating Lime Plaster Composition(in Jpn), JP patent 33571, Katei Kagaku Kogyo, Constructional Coating Composition, Constructional Coating, and Method for Constructing Exterior and Interior Decoration of Building(in Jpn), JP patent , Murakashi Sekkai Kogyo, Slaked Lime-Based Coating Material Composition(in Jpn), JP patent 41347, Murakashi Sekkai Kogyo, Slaked Lime Based Coating Material Composition(in Jpn), JP patent 43759, Himeno Rikuo, Method for Inhibiting Color Difference of Colored Plaster Coating Resulting From Re-Coating(in Jpn), JP patent 5787, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Yakusen Sekkai, and Sanyoo Sooken, Inorganic Coating Material and VOC-Adsorbing Functional Material Using The Same(in Jpn), JP patent 5151, Himeno, Mutsuo, Coating Composition, WO A1 4569, K.J.Lee, Shimizu Prefecture, and Makoto Sawai, Lime(in Korean), Vol. 11, pp , Korea Lime Stone Industry Cooperation, Seoul, 6. w wz

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