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1 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w ( ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions on the Drying Phenomenon of Frozen Wash Hyun-Hee Kim, Ki-Chang Yang, Dong Uk Kim #, and Seoung-Hey Paik* Department of Chemistry Education Korea National University of Education, Chung-Buk, , Korea Hwasu High School, Goyang City, , Korea Chunchun Middle School, Suwon City, , Korea # Department of Science Education, Daegue National University of Education, Daegue , Korea (Received May 11, 2005). ƒ x y š ƒw, š sx tx w w w yw. 53 w w w. w w yw œ 2 yw œ 1 w w y w ƒ., w y x š w. y š ƒw š» k yƒ ù» š w, yƒ š ƒw sx 1» yƒ ú š w. 17 ƒ x sx tx w š ƒw, 34 ùký š w. ù sx ƒ x w w w y w, w ƒ e š w. : w, yw œ,, y, ƒ x, yw ABSTRACT. This study identified secondary school chemistry major teachers' perceptions of sublimation related to the drying phenomenon of frozen wash and representation of the phenomenon on phase diagram. The subjects were 53 teachers for the questionnaire developed for this study, and interviews. The two professors who majored physical chemistry and one professor who majored analytical chemistry at teacher's college were interviewed for teacher educators' perceptions of sublimation. The results showed that forty one teachers among fifty three teachers thought that the drying phenomenon was sublimation. The most teachers who thought that the phenomenon was sublimation responded as a reason that solid state changes to gas state. The teachers who thought that the phenomenon was not sublimation responded as a reason that the 1 atm of air pressure was not the condition of sublimation. Seventeen teachers thought that the drying phenomenon of frozen wash could be represented on phase diagram, but thirty four teachers thought that it could not. 65

2 66 ½x Á» Á x But most teachers confused the scientific representation of the phenomenon, and felt difficulties to teach the contents to students. Keywords: Secondary School, Chemistry Major Teacher, Teacher s Perception, Sublimation, Drying Phenomenon of Frozen Wash, Phase Diagram, Chemistry Education y x w w l š. ù, w w mw w 1-15 ü y. š 1 k y šw w ƒw w wš w ùkû š w. w w w 6,16 w w y w.»w ù w w ò, y ƒ w x wš. š š w yw II l sx wì. š w w x w ¾ w ƒ w w w. w ü šw ü w w w y ƒ. wùƒ ƒ x y w. y š š r, 5.11» ew» yƒ ú. ù 0.006» ew»» 1» w ƒ š, ƒ ö, š x y š ƒ e, x sx yš ww. ù ¾ y x w ƒ e w. w ƒ x y x w, š yš w w w yw œ r š, y x w w w w d r š w. w š k yš y ù x g w w ƒ w š w.. w yw 41 1 yw œ yw œ 2 yw œ 1 w.. k y w š w» w» w w. ü ƒ y š ƒw, x x sx ùký, w ƒ w. 1 w w yw 5 n w š, m w w w yw ƒ yw 5 2 w. w ƒ ƒ š txw w» w x x w w. x. ywš, ƒ x 1-3 w w. mw w w ƒ» w w. ƒ 20 ü 30 š, ww. š y

3 w y w. y x w ù ww xk. ü w š, w 2 ü w y x w. : w y w w. š š txw. w ùkü. sx w w» w w. y: w y š y, y w. š ƒ w š» k w» kƒ š w sx k w w, sx k w š» w w x. k y w. (1», -10 o C)ú, ƒ x y w ƒ ƒ x w w yw œ 67 mw w., 41 y x š w, 12 š w. ƒ w wì w Table 1 w. y š ƒw š» w» š w ƒ 31 ƒ. w w ƒ š» y š. w w. ƒ y ƒ š ƒ» y k y k šƒ y j ù y j wƒ ƒw wé ƒw sx yš ¾ š š ƒ» y ¾ ƒ k y š w š, wù š w š w. w š w k yƒ š, w k y w š š w. š w sx k y x k v ƒ š ƒw. ù w w l ƒ 0.006» 1» Table 1. Perception types of teachers on the drying phenomenon of frozen wash Number(%) Sublimation (41) No sublimation (12) * w Solid changes into gas. 31(58.4) Vapor pressure is lower than sublimation condition.* 4(7.5) The others 2(3.8) No response 4(7.5) Total 41(77.4) Air pressure is higher than sublimation condition. 8(15.1) The phenomenon occurs on surface where attraction of molecules is weak. 4(7.5) Total 12(22.6) 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1

4 68 ½x Á» Á x yƒ ú w x ƒ š. ƒ ƒ œ» ƒ w wl w w ù w ƒw ù ƒw y š š w š ù w w ù à w mw ƒ x y š w x sx w w w š, w y w.» 1» š w yš w š k» k»ƒ sx k w sy» w. sx k w w» w w sy» 0.006» û» yƒ ú š w 4 w., sx š, y» k sx w ƒ,»» sy» ww w ww wš. Table 1, 8» 0.006» y ƒ š w. w w w w. ƒ yƒ š ƒw ƒ sx ùk ý»» yƒ y Ãù ƒ y ƒ š ƒw w ƒ e yƒ šƒ w sx ù ù wl w ƒ y šw Ãà sx ùký ¾ yƒ à ƒ w ù yƒ w e w š ƒw 33 ƒ y š k k y» k yw. w w k y sx ùký w š ƒw. w ƒ x š k» kƒ s x w w wš š, sx k ƒ w sx x txw» w w ƒ ƒ y wš. ƒ x y š q w w, š ƒw w w ƒ w y x sx w ö y w ¾ y ƒ. w yw œ ƒ» w w yw œw 1 w. ƒ x k y ù yw œ ƒ šw ÿã ƒ k yƒ šw yw œ ¼w x à ƒ ƒ w ¾ ò š w k y ¼w sx k ƒ ƒ š ùã

5 ƒ x w w yw œ 69 ƒ šw yÿ w ƒ w w y ÿ t y š w w ƒw yw œ 1 33 ƒ sx ƒ x j š w, yƒ š ƒw š w š ƒ e» ƒ š ƒw. w w œ ƒ e w w x ƒ w š w. w š w yw œw. ƒ š ù sx ùký w š yw œ sx š» š yƒ ù š w ƒ yw œ w š»» û m»ƒ»» ƒ» š yw œ ù wƒ š w ƒ üƒ ƒw» ƒ ¾ ù ƒw ú t ú ƒ ¾ yw œ š w» ÿ ƒ w ¾ w ù x w wƒ w w ¾ r,» yw œ ƒ û k yƒ ù ¾ ƒw ù, š ƒ w Á š x ww wš txw. š ƒ x, x w. ù ƒ x sx ùký ƒ» w ƒ ƒ ù yw œ 1 w š y öš y w. yw œ š w. š w y š g. š ¾ š w ƒ w. w š š w ywii š 19,» t š t ú š w. š ƒ w y š ƒw,»»ƒ sy y yƒ ú š ƒw. ƒ x š y v w š ƒ. w 4 t w w ù x» y x š w. yw œ 2 w, t w. ƒ w yw œ yƒ»» û» y ÿ ÿ ú ÿ ƒ ƒx w t ƒ Á t ƒ 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1

6 70 ½x Á» Á x f p k w y š ñ wæ f pk w d ƒ t d yƒ ÿ sxš ù ÿw ¼ t t d yw œ 2 y sx ùkü w ƒ wš,» txw» w ù, û»», sy» ww» š w. w y ƒ š. œ x t x wš, w t y t w k y w w š ƒw. ù w w w w k k y txw, w t ù y w w. ƒ x ƒ t ù y k y w. w t y k y ³ wš wš ƒ y ƒ š ƒw (4 ) w œ t ù y k y» š w w ùkû. sx w. ƒ x sx ùký š ƒ w, š ƒw w, x y š ƒw ƒ, š ƒw ƒ w ƒ» w w Table 2 w. w, x sx ù ký w, x y š ƒw w f. ƒ x sx ùký š ƒw x y š ƒw. w» w» yƒ š ƒw. ù w ƒ ƒ. 10 sx y š tx» x s x tx š w ƒw. w w. yš ¾ sx ùký šw w x y š ù š Table 2. Teachers perceptions on drying phenomenon of frozen wash represented on phase equilibrium diagram Perception Reason Sublimation No sublimation The ice can change into gas because of the sublimation line of the diagram. 10(18.9) 0(0.0) The State can Vapor pressure of the ice is lower than atm.* 4(7.5) 0(0.0) represent on the diagram. The ice changes into gas through liquid fast. 2(3.8) 1(1.9) Total 16(30.2) 1(1.9) The diagram represents closed system and the phenomenon occurs in open system. 13(24.5) 2(3.8) The State can The state is solid in 1 atm, -10 o C 10(18.9) 5(9.4) not represent The ice changes gas through liquid fast. 0(0.0) 2(3.8) on the diagram. The others 1(1.9) 1(1.9) Total 24(45.3) 10(18.9) * w The others 1(1.9) 1(1.9).

7 ƒ x w w yw œ 71 y ¾ yš ¾ùký ù ù š ƒw š ƒw à ww ª w ƒ» š ¾ ƒ sx š š» ƒ ù šw ¾ y ùký š ƒw ùkü ùký w ƒw 8 w š ƒw ù mw w w ƒw š w w. ƒ x ù x sx sx w k ù w wš y w. sx w k y w, w w w v ƒ š ƒw. ƒ y w w ù y k y ww y wš, w y l w ƒ w». w v ƒ txw. sx ƒ x ùký šw w ƒ x y» û y w ü ƒ û w y š ƒw» û Fig. 1. The response of teacher 17 to represent drying phenomenon of frozen wash on the diagram. ƒ w š ƒw ùkü ùkü ù 'JH ƒ w w»¾ ƒ w wù w ù sx š ƒ g ù š w» yƒ ú» û yƒ ú ¾ ƒ š w ö šš w ƒü» û yƒ ú 17 sx ƒ x txw w š w x š, w ¾ w yw w w. ƒ ö wù, sx» w w ƒ 1» yƒ ú š w» ww sx w w w». 4» y txw. 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1

8 72 ½x Á» Á x Fig. 2. The response of teacher 4 to represent drying phenomenon of frozen wash on the diagram. ƒ sxš ùk ý šw ùkü» û ƒw œ wš yw 'JH ƒ š ƒw» ü š wl ƒ e š ƒ w y t w ƒò w à w t w ÿš txw š wš wš w wš ƒ ÿw üƒ w ¾ w w w» w ƒ w» t ƒ w ¾ ƒw þ ú ƒ»»»» w š 4» ww» ƒ x w öš. š ƒ sx k w» ù k y sx ùkü w wwš w. þ y x ƒ x w š w x 1» ù sx š w š. 17 ù 4 mw y w, ƒ x w x w w ƒ w. š w yw ww œw wš š w š y w. w yw w» w w wš txw. w» l w š ƒw. sx sy» ww wš,» ww k» sx w ƒ l ù š w. ƒ k y»y ò x w,»» ù txw, ƒ sx w ww w. sx» œ k» wš»», y š sx w ùkü. d y y w, t y,» ùkü ƒ w.»» sx w ò ú, t, ü ñš»sƒ x x» w ù y k y š ƒwš, t ù y k yƒ š ƒw. ù š»

9 sx w yƒ ù š w š w k { j» ü l s k yƒ ù. w ƒ» w, š y sx w ù, sx w» ù w t l ù. t ù yÿ, ÿ w k y w w š š». w š sx š w» ù» ww w. š ù txw w.» š txw š, š txw. ù y k, ù š s x w š ƒ w»» txw» w. w y w yw w w y ƒ. w š yw œ 2. ƒ x ùæ sx ùký w w yw œ ùký ƒ x»» y ù x š sx yš» yw œ sx š» š yw œ» ¾ wƒ yw œ yw q wš ƒ š»w» w w w» ƒ sx» 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 ƒ x w w yw œ 73 œ k ù sx» wšœ»ƒ k ƒ s g sx» ƒ yw œ œ» šœ»ƒ œ» wš» wšw» yw l e» ¾ yw œ 2» ƒ sx» š, š sx w w. sx w k y w w w yw ww w» ƒ x ù w x k y ww w š. ƒ x ù sx w w y. ù, w» sx» k, y yƒ ù w»ƒ ñ» w sy»» û k w» y ¾ w. ù y y» w» ƒ sy» w.» ƒ»»ƒ sx w»»ƒ œ w x w. w y sx ùkü ƒ w wš, ƒ x sx ùký š w ù (Table 2). 15 sx wš, ƒ x

10 74 ½x Á» Á x y» sx x ùký š w. w 15 ƒ 1» w 10 C» s o x ùký š w. w w sy» š ƒ š, ú y ƒ ü dw y w. sy» š w x»» sy sy mw» y w yù w. w w sy» š yw w sx s y» ww š w v w š. w w ƒ x sx ùký, x y š ƒw w w. y sxš ùký ù w üƒ ª ww w ƒ l š w ù» wšw ü sxš t w š» sx w w w w sx w w y ò ùkü ¾ š š w w sx t w w sx k y t w ù š k ù ú ¾æ» k w ù sx w w w ¾ yƒ k y š w ù k y ùký» sx txwš š, 25 o C 1» ùš ( k ) w š ƒwš., sx sy» w ww wš» ww sx ƒ x w š ƒw. w šƒ y sx w k ù y ù š ƒw. w sx w, ù yw w w» w wš. w 10 C 1» o w k w» sx ùký š ƒw 15 sx» ƒw w ƒ š w. w ƒ w yw. sx yù x w š w yw 20 ü w. sx w ùkü r w w sx w k w ƒ ùküš sx kw šœ» w ù x ùküš t y w sx w w w w»z û yw P $ w

11 ƒ x w w yw œ 75 ù ù sx» yw w x ú¾ y š v m w» w w» x» ú ƒ w» š sx» w sx w ƒ w y w kw ùš ƒ w sx» w wš, tx» ù yù s x ùký š wš. sx» ww ò w»» 1» x. y sx ùký ƒ ù» sx» w. ù w, ƒ w ò sx w k. w sx w š w ƒ. w yw œ 1 y sx ùký w. yw œ y ù ƒ sx š k w» yw œ yƒ ù k wš k ƒ y à š ƒ» ú ƒ ƒ w ƒw w w ƒ y» o C w ¾ ¼ w w ƒƒw š ƒ w z ƒ w ¾ yw ƒ w k s œ š wš sx»» sx» û y šw yw œ 1 ƒ x y š z, w y k y w š w. Fig. 1 w 17 š w. ù sx ƒ w x» (»»» tx) sy» (» sx» tx) l y ƒ w š w. yw œ 1 ƒ x sx w ww w w šƒ y ƒ. yw œ sx k w ùkü x w o C x ƒ w sx w sx w ƒ š» w o C ù ÿ y ÿ š œ»ƒƒ š ã ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ã š» w ù 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1

12 76 ½x Á» Á x w l w» wš wl» w sx ƒ š w o C s Á k y w w ƒ x o C w w ò ù y šw k ü ùkü x ù ƒ w y w y w x sx w šw ù ƒ x sx ƒ w ù» œ»» w yw œ 1 y w sx, y ƒ x w š w. ù sy» w w» sx ùkü ù (sy)» w x ù w w š w. ƒ x y š ƒw, š sx txw w w œ w., x ww öš, w w w y w w y w. ù w w yw yw œ w yw ƒ š w ƒ. w tx ƒ x y š ƒw ù ù wš ù y ù ywš w ƒ. w y ü, mw g y š ƒ š w š x ƒ w. x w w ww w, w w y w» ö wš w»w ù» w w. x ww» w ƒ w š wù w x ù w w. w ù w w y e ƒ., yw w z w wš, ã w, š y. sx y yù x yw ww» w,»yš, wš, yš w d w w w. š w sx»» š» s x wš w d v ù kü z, sx»y š wš.»y š» w ww w. š» ƒ sx ùkù yš»» š ùkü w, w yw w. w š sx», ù š y ùkü yš ù»y š ùkü» w w., sx w sx k ƒ

13 wš d w ùkü š sy» w w. š y r»ƒ sy k sx ùký sx w» w w. txw sx sy» w,» ww y.»y š, y š, w š ww sx sy» š y w w. w»y w» š e yš ù wš ew»yš š k w. ù r š p» š š t w» ùkü š» w š ww wš. sy» š e sy k» tx š w k., ƒ x š» y š ƒ e v w., ò w ù y k y š, t ù y k yƒ š ƒw ƒ y x yƒ š ƒw ƒ. p y ƒ ¼»ƒ w w w ƒ w y wš ƒ ƒ w. ù y ƒ t ù y w w. t ù ƒ, ü ù ƒ k y w» kƒ sx w ƒ, ƒ w š w w., sx w w w y sy» v w v ƒ. w sy» sy k œ» 1m 3 sw» (g/m ) 3 txwš, sy 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 ƒ x w w yw œ 77 Fig. 3. Representation of sublimation or vaporization phenomenon on the diagram.» š ùkü» w. š w yw» š atm ù mmhg w d ù, txw. sy» š sy» š tx š ù, š yw» š w. ù š, sx w»¾ ù ù y w. y k y sx w w ù, sx w s y» š, y sx ùký w v w. w œ y sx ùký š ƒ w. ù w k y sx txw Fig. 3 ùký.» w A, A a j» sy»» syƒ ƒ» y, ù. w» ƒ ù» w. A sx» k w. ù ù,» ƒw A A'

14 78 ½x Á» Á x w. w z»»ƒ sx w» y. B w,» b j sy sy» ƒ yƒ ú. w, yw» B yw» k w. ù y, B d B' w w j y z» sx w. ƒ w kƒ x w w w, sx w w w ù ƒ x sx t w š w w. mw, e w x mw w k y w sx sx ù, sy» sy», š y y w» ƒ w y k y w ƒ š ƒw. mw w w w w. ù w ƒ yw œ, w w yw œ w y w. w y mw w w» w» l š y w w š ƒw. š w swwš w w x w ƒ w š. w ƒ ww j ww. w š w,, š mw x w š q wš, w ƒ w x ww š z w w»ƒ š w w ¼ w w. x 1. š. w w. w w w w w wz. 1988, 8(1), y k y w w x. w w w x. k y k y w,, w w. w w w ò w w w. w w w ò w š w yw œ. w w w ; š ; x; ; ; x. w w wz. 2002, 22(2), ; ½zû; ;. w w wz. 1993, 13(1), Bar, V.; Travis, A. S. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1991, 28(4), Bar, V.; Galili, I. International Journal of Science Education. 1994, 16(2), Chang, J. Y. Science Education. 1999, 83(5), Johnson, P. M. International Journal of Science Education. 1998, 20(5), Osborne, R. J.; Cosgrove, M. M. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1983, 20(9), Paik, S. H.; Kim, H. N.; Cho, B. K.; Park, J. W. International Journal of Science Education. 2004, 26(2), Stavy, R. International Journal of Science Education, 1988, 10(5), ò w w. w w w x,,, x, š,, ½zû. w w wz. 2002, 22(2), x. w w wz. 2004, 24(3), , ½ y. yw NEW HIGH TOP , ½k,,, ½, ½, ½, ½,, e,,,,,,. Zumdahl, S. S.. yw

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