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1 섬유보강콘크리트 (ECC) 와 GFRP 보강근의부착특성 Bond Properties of GFRP Rebar in Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Engineered Cementitious Composite) 저자 (Authors) 출처 (Source) 발행처 (Publisher) URL APA Style 이용정보 (Accessed) 최윤철, 박금성, 최창식, 최현기 Yun-Cheul Choi, Keum-Sung Park, Chang-Sik Choi, Hyun-Ki Choi 콘크리트학회논문집 23(6), , (7 pages) Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute 23(6), , (7 pages) 한국콘크리트학회 Korea Concrete Institute 최윤철, 박금성, 최창식, 최현기 (2011). 섬유보강콘크리트 (ECC) 와 GFRP 보강근의부착특성. 콘크리트학회논문집, 23(6), 한양대학교 ( 서울 ) 166.*** /02/08 10:30 (KST) 저작권안내 DBpia에서제공되는모든저작물의저작권은원저작자에게있으며, 누리미디어는각저작물의내용을보증하거나책임을지지않습니다. 그리고 DBpia에서제공되는저작물은 DBpia와구독계약을체결한기관소속이용자혹은해당저작물의개별구매자가비영리적으로만이용할수있습니다. 그러므로이에위반하여 DBpia에서제공되는저작물을복제, 전송등의방법으로무단이용하는경우관련법령에따라민, 형사상의책임을질수있습니다. Copyright Information Copyright of all literary works provided by DBpia belongs to the copyright holder(s)and Nurimedia does not guarantee contents of the literary work or assume responsibility for the same. In addition, the literary works provided by DBpia may only be used by the users affiliated to the institutions which executed a subscription agreement with DBpia or the individual purchasers of the literary work(s)for non-commercial purposes. Therefore, any person who illegally uses the literary works provided by DBpia by means of reproduction or transmission shall assume civil and criminal responsibility according to applicable laws and regulations.

2 Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 809~815, December, 2011 GGGGG gj p(ecc) GFRP p 1) Á 2) Á 3) Á x» 3) * 1) w w 2) w» 3) w w œw Bond Properties of GFRP Rebar in Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Engineered Cementitious Composite) Yun-Cheul Choi, 1) Keum-Sung Park, 2) Chang-Sik Choi, 3) and Hyun-Ki Choi 3) * 1) Dept. of Architectural Environmental Engineering and Building Service, ChungWoon Univ., Hongseong , Korea 2) Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Goyang, , Korea 3) Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul , Korea ABSTRACT An experimental investigations on the bond-slip properties of the steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer(GFRP) bars in engineered cementitious composite (ECC) with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers are presented. Total of 8 beam specimens prepared according to the Rilem procedures with 2% of PVA and PE fiber volume percentage and steel and GFRP reinforcements significantly changed the failure mechanism and slightly improved bond strength. The main objective of the tests was to evaluate the load versus displacement and load versus slip behaviors and the bond strength for the following parameters: concrete type (normal and fiber concrete) and bar diameter (10 and 13 mm). The study results showed that ordinary concrete and ECC specimens showed similar behavior for steel reinforced specimen. However, GFRP reinforced specimen showed different behavior that the steel specimen. The code analytical results showed more accuracy compared to the experimental results as expected in conservative code provisions. Based on the obtained results, it is safe to conclude that the new parameters need to be adopted to ensure safe usage of ECC for construction applications. Keywords : bond strength, engineered cementitious composite, GFRP rinforcing bar, bond-slip, bond strength 1.» gj p gj pƒ ƒ w w w. ù w gj p zy p gj p z w ü, w w j, gj p ü x w g ƒ ƒ. p, w ew ù w y w j w y yw en w w. w w» w v Ì ƒ, š gj p, s gq ù, w w wš. *Corresponding author chk7796@naver.com Received September 15, 2011, Revised November 2, 2011, Accepted November 2, X by Korea Concrete Institute w w» w š FRP(fiber reinforced polymer) w w. 1-4) FRP, ƒ x š j FRP bar w» w gj p w { w. FRP bar j {w» w gj p FRP bar ƒ w. ù 5-7) FRP bar p FRP bar ƒ j» w x FRP bar t w š w {w w ƒ. 8,9) FRP bar û t ³ gqw ù s y w xk w. ù w FRP bar ƒ jù ƒ gj p» w» w ³ w q š. w ³ mw w w gj p w. 6,10) gj p w gj p GFRP bar 809

3 w, ³, q z ƒ ECC(engineered cementitious composite) w z. ECC š w k Li w 11),, p j w» w k 2% ü w y w,» gj p x w w ƒ w š. 7) ECC GFRP bar w ƒ» {w» w GFRP bar ECCƒ y w, w w y w. y w» w { w s w sƒƒ š. ECC t e w PVA PE w GFRP bar, ³ q z w sƒ w. 2.1 x 2. x z 1 sp p w, 2.6, 2.7 w. e 13 mm, 2.44 w. x PVA ¼ 6~8 mm, 39 µm, 1,700 MPa, k ƒ 37 GPa K w resin-bundule chopped PVA fiber w. w, GFRP bar ü D13 GFRP bar w gj p ƒ j» w ù x ƒ t. 12) 9mm 12.7 mm, w 70%, 2.0, q 741 GPa, k 49.3 GPa, t ù x w k. 10 mm, 13 mm, w 450 MPa, 475 MPa, 560 MPa, 580 MPa, k 200 GPa x w. x p Figs. 1, 2 Tables 1, 2, 3 ùkü. 2.2 w x p x ü ECC œ r Fig. 1 Photo of GFRP rebar used in this study Fig. 2 PVA fibers for ECC e š. ù e k ECC w y w Fig. 4 v l p 50 ECC w w. ECC GFRP bar q f sƒ w PVA PE ƒ 2% w ECC Table 3 w w. gj p g œ l m gj p w x w { x w gj p ECC 33~36.0 MPa ùkû. GFRP bar ECC p sƒ w, Table 2 Mechanical properties of PVA fiber Property PVA fiber Density (g/mm 3 ) 1.3 Length (mm) 6~8 Diameter (µm) 39 TensileG strength (MPa) 1,700 Young'sG modulus (GPa) 29.4 Elongation (%) 3~113 AlkaliG resistance ( ) High Table 1 Mechanical properties of GFRP bars NominalG diameter Cross-section area Design tensileg strength Elastic modulus Design rupture strain Index (mm) (mm 2 ) (MPa) (GPa) (%) GFRP-SpiralG (Korea) w gj pwz 23«6y (2011)

4 Table 3 Mix proportion and compressive strength of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) Mix type PVA W/C (%) Fiber volume fraction (%) 1.5 (PVA-long fiber) PE 0.5(PE-short fiber) 5 9 Unit materials contents (kg/m 3 ) Cement Silica Fiber MC Admixture Viscosity agent, super plasticizer, thickening agent Mean compressive strength (MPa) 35.2 Table 4 Specimen nomenclature Specimen Concrete type Bar type Con-S10-Con Normal concrete Steel D10 ECC-S10-ECC ECC Steel D10 Con-F10-Con Normal concrete GFRP bar D10 ECC-F10-ECC ECC GFRP bar D10 Con-S13-Con Normal concrete Steel D13 ECC-S10-ECC ECC Steel D13 Con-F13-Con Normal concrete GFRP bar D13 ECC-F13-ECC ECC GFRP bar D13 w g s ƒw 13) Rilem x w. x w w wù GFRP bar š ECC k w, ECC 5 w. 30 mm v p w v p e j» w v p Ë w g. x Fig. 3 Table 4. x ƒ 5,000 kn w UTM w, w w 2 mm/min w, x e y Fig Design concrete compressive strength (MPa) 3. x GFRP bar w w gj p y w s ƒw» w KS F 2405 x w. sƒw» w x œ (100 mm 200 mm) w 25 œ w (24 o C, 50%) 24» w. 1 z œ kx w 24 C o 35 Fig. 3 Test specimen details and set-up gj p(ecc) GFRP p 811

5 Fig. 4 Flow test (ECC) 28일간 양생하였다. 압축강도 시험 결과 섬유혼입 유무에 따른 압축강도 변화는 없었으며, 타설용 ECC 제작을 위해 사용된 혼화 제(유동화제)에 의한 압축강도 감소 효과가 나타났으나 그 크기는 매우 작게 나타났다. 3.2 부착 특성 부착응력과 슬립과의 관계 일반적으로 철근과 콘크리트 사이의 부착 거동은 다음 과 같은 형태로 일어난다. 철근과 콘크리트 사이의 상대 위치에 차이가 발생하며 철근의 리브 위치로부터 콘크리 트에 미세 균열이 발생한다. 이후 리브 상대편의 콘크리 트에 압괴가 일어나기 시작하며 미세 균열의 균열폭이 확대되기 시작하며 이후 철근의 리브 사이에 있는 콘크 리트의 상실과 함께 파괴가 진전된다. 이는 slip-bond stress 관계로 나타낼 수 있다. 초기 미세 균열의 발전까 지는 강성의 저하 없이 직선 형태로 응력의 크기가 증 가하게 되며 균열 발생 이후 강성의 상실이 발생한다. 최대 응력의 발생 이후에는 콘크리트에 발생한 큰 균열 폭의 열림에 따른 연화 현상으로 이해 응력 저하 현상 이 비선형적으로 나타나게 된다. 이 연구의 주 목적은 ECC 내의 섬유가 가교작용을 하여 균열폭의 확대를 막 아 부착 응력이 유지되는 것을 확인하는데에 있다. 이 연구에서 계획된 GFRP-ECC 부착 실험에 대한 결 과가 Fig. 5에 나타나있다. 섬유를 보강하지 않은 경우 일반 콘크리트에서 나타난 응력-슬립 관계는 전술한 바 와 유사한 거동을 하고 있었다. ECC와 철근 사이에 나 타난 응력-슬립 관계는 강성의 저하 시점 및 최대 응력, 최대 응력 발현 이후의 응력지지 능력에 차이를 나타내 고 있음을 알 수 있다. ECC의 주요 개발 컨셉에서 드러 나는 바와 같이 PE가 적절하게 미세 균열에 가교 작용 을 하였으며 PVA가 확장되는 균열 사이에서 가교 작용 을 하여 나타난 결과로 판단된다. 최대 응력의 발전은 ECC의 인장 응력 발현 능력이 보통 콘크리트에 비해 크 게 나타나기 때문으로 판단된다. 부착응력은 실험 방법이 Rilem 의 기준을 따랐기 때 14) 13) Fig. 5 Bond stress-slip relation 문에 다음과 같은 식을 통해 계산하였다. τ σ = s 한국콘크리트학회 논문집 제23권 제6호 (2011) 한양대학교(서울) IP: 166.*** Accessed 2018/02/08 10:30(KST) (1)

6 σ s = k---- P A s», (2) k x mw. 16 mm 1.25ƒ, 16 mm 1.50 w. w w Fig. 5 ùkü. w ECC z Fig. 5(a) ùkù.» ƒ w ùkû ù ³ z gj p x ƒ ECC j û m w ECC ³ ƒ z y w. z { j ƒ ECC x j ùkù ECC z y w. x z w xk w x w ù ECC x j ww. 10 mm ƒ GFRPƒ x Fig. 5(b) ùkü.» GFRP ñ w» ƒ ƒ š w» gj p x ñ q ƒ û. ECC» ³ w w w ñ x w ƒ ùkû. Fig. 5(c), (d) ùkù, f ùkù - w ùkû s³ Rilem 13), s³ ñ 0.01 mm(τ 0.01 ), 0.1 mm(τ 0.1 ), 1.0 mm(τ 1.0 ) w s³. + + = τ m τ 0.01 τ 0.1 τ 1.0 (3) tx s³ w x Table 5 w ùkü. Rilem standard (2) (3) method wš» w sƒw ECC w gj p w w, w s³ 1.2, GFRP bar w s³ s³ 1.16 j ùkû. mw, ECC GFRP bar x sƒw gj p-gfrp bar ùkù p w yw d ƒ w w. p GFRP w ECC, GFRP bar f w. GFRP bar f ƒ» q. ù j» s ³ w y w š x ùkû., x mw sƒw t s³ mw w w q. Fig. 6 Table 5 w s³ w ùkü. gj p GFRP j ƒ ùkû ù ECC s³ w gj p w š. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Bond strength versus slip distribution Table 5 Test results Specimens τ 0.01 (MPa) τ 0.1 (MPa) τ 1.0 (MPa) τ m (MPa) τ u (MPa) s u (mm) Con-S10-Con ECC-S10-ECC Con-F10-Con ECC-F10-ECC Con-S13-Con ECC-S13-ECC Con-F13-Con ECC-F13-ECC τ 0.01 : bond stress at 0.01 mm slippage, τ 0.1 : bond stress at 0.1 mm slippage, τ 1.0 : bond stress at 1.0 mm slippage, τ m : mean bond stress, τ u : peak stress, s u : slippages at peak stress gj p(ecc) GFRP p 813

7 ùkù - ùkù ³ z wƒ ECC z w š» q. w ECC w x, GFRP bar w ù kùš mw ECC w GFRP bar x k, ¼ z» w q sƒ gj p p ¼ w wù.» ¼ tx sx mw w. GFRP bar ECC p ƒ w» ¼ w» w w v ƒ. w j» w t w sw w ww ƒ w.. τπd b l df = A rebar f fu or y», d b, l df : ¼ ( ¼ ), f fu or y:, A rebar :. (4) mw ¼ w. l df A rebar f fu or d y b f fu or y = = πd b τ 4τ ACI z ACI ) gj p š p w mw w. tx. f τ = K ck », f ck : gj p, K 1 : ( 9.5). (6) (5) w, l df d b 2 f fu or y d = K b f ck ƒ ¼ w.» K 2 FRP bar p w ƒ wš. Okelo 16) Yuan w (6) mw w ECC z w» w. (4) (5) (6) (7) Fig. 7 Comparison of bond stress τ 9.5 f ck = d b τ 14.7 f ck = d b (for steel reinforcement) (8) (for FRP bar) (9) x (8), (9) mw w w Fig. 7 ùkü. ACI z w w, gj pƒ sƒwš, ECC ƒ gj pƒ ƒ ùkû. GFRP bar sƒw» w (9) ƒ w x ƒ sƒ wš. w» w mw sƒ w w w q. 4. wš FRP bar p q w» w x ww x š sƒ mw w ww.» w m gj p w GFRP gj p» w w û ùkù x z x w w w ùkû. w w y gj p wù ECC w x ww w» mw z sƒw. 1) x ECC fiber ball x ù, w flow ƒ š yw k 814 w gj pwz 23«6y (2011)

8 . 2) x ƒ x ùkù x ECC y w. 3) w gj p p ³ gj pƒ x ùkû, w x z ùkù y x ùkû. FRP bar» û» x ùkû. 4) ECC w x ƒ w w x ùkû. ECCƒ ƒ ƒ w q. 5) gj p p ƒ GFRP bar x ECC p ƒ GFRP bar x x ùkù x w w z - ñ ƒ. 6) ACI z sƒ w sƒ w ùkû, Pkelo sƒw sƒw ùkû. ECC GFRP barƒ x w z» ww v ƒ ( w» ) w w ( ). š x 1. Pecce, M., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E., Experimental Response and Code Models of GFRP RC Beams in Bending, J. Composite Structures, Issue 44, 2000, pp. 182~ Abdalla, H. A., Evaluation of Deflecton in Concrete Members Reinforced with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars, Composite Structures, Vol. 56, Issue 1, 2002, pp. 63~ Benmokrane, B., Chaallal, O., and Masmoudi, R., Flexural Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Reinforing Bars, Composite Structures, Vol. 93, No. 1, 1996, pp. 46~55. 4.,, w,, FRP w gj p z, w wz, 22«, 2y, 2006, pp. 16~19. 5.,, ½k,, y, GFRP q, gj pwz, 20«, 3y, 2008, pp. 383~ », v,, t š gj p GFRP p, gj pwz, 21«, 3y, 2009, pp. 275~ ½, GFRP w ³ w ECC z, w wz, 26«, 12y, pp. 133~ ACI Report 440H, Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars, American Concrete Institute Committee 440, 2000, pp Somboonsong, W., Harris, H. G., and Ko, K., Ductile Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Plastic Reinforcing Bar for Concrete Structures: Design Methodology, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 95, No. 6, 1998, pp. 655~ Won, J. P., Park, C. G., Kim, H. H., Lee, S. W., and Won, C., Bond Behavior of FRP Reinforcing Bars in High- Strength Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete, Polymers & Polymer Composites, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2007, pp. 569~ Li, V. C. and Wu, H. C., Conditions for Pseudo Strain-Hardening in Fiber Reinforced Brittle Matrix Composite, Journal Applied Mechanics, Vol. 45, No. 8, 1992, pp. 390~ ,,, y, ½ y, GFRP x w l, gj pwz, 17«, 6y, 2005, pp. 947~ Rilem-Fip-Ceb, Bond Test for Reinforcing Steel: 1-Beam Test (7-II-28 D). 2-Pullout Test (7-II-128): Tentative Recommendations, Materials and Structures, Vol. 6, No. 32, 1973, pp. 96~ Soroushian, P., Mirza, F., and Alhozaimy, A., Bonding of Confined Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete to Deformed Bar, ACI Material Journal, Vol. 91, No. 2, 1994, pp. 141~ American Concrete Institute (ACI), Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars, ACI 440.1R-06, 2010, pp. 28~ Okelo, R. and Yuan, R. L., Bond Strength of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rebars in Normal Strength Concrete, Journal of Composite Construction, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2005, pp. 203~213. GFRP bar gj p PVAƒ ECC - ñ x mw sƒw. 8 w x z q ƒ j š w PVA PEƒ 2% v y ECC RILEM» x ƒ. ECC GFRPƒ w - - ñ q w. 1) gj p ( m gj p, gj p), 2) (10 mm, 13 mm) x gj p ECC w x w w GFRP w.» sƒ x w ùkü sƒw w» ACI z kùü. w :, w, GFRP bar, - ñ, gj p(ecc) GFRP p 815

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