저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 김판기 안창범 목적 : 0.35 Tesla의저자장자기공명영상시스템에서인체조직의물성분또는지방성분의영상을얻는데있어서주자장의불균일도를 two-point Dixon 방법을기반으로보정하는새로운

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 김판기 안창범 목적 : 0.35 Tesla의저자장자기공명영상시스템에서인체조직의물성분또는지방성분의영상을얻는데있어서주자장의불균일도를 two-point Dixon 방법을기반으로보정하는새로운"

Transcription

1 저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 김판기 안창범 목적 : 0.35 Tesla의저자장자기공명영상시스템에서인체조직의물성분또는지방성분의영상을얻는데있어서주자장의불균일도를 two-point Dixon 방법을기반으로보정하는새로운방법을모색하였다. 대상및방법 : Two-point Dixon 방법을사용하여물과지방의위상이동상일때와역상일때의영상들을얻은후그영상들로부터위상과크기의위상-크기결합밀도함수를계산하고, 이를통해물과지방의영역을분리하여 3차원볼륨의물영역에서의주자장의불균일도패턴을분석하고이를반복적으로보정하여주자장의불균일도를개선하였다. 결과 : 제안한영상기법으로인체의여러부위에서주자장의불균일도를보정한물과지방영상을얻을수있었다. 삼차원보정을통하여멀티슬라이스전체영상에서균일하게물또는지방만의영상을얻을수있었다. 결론 : 위상-크기결합밀도함수를통하여물과지방의영역을분리할수있었고, 이를이용하여자장의불균일도를분석하고보정할수있었다. 제안한방법을통해주자장의불균일도가월등히개선된물또는지방영상을얻을수있었다. 서론자기공명영상에서물과지방성분이분리된영상을얻기위해사용되는지방-물분리법 (fat-water separation) 은지방조직으로둘러싸여있는부위에서물조직을더욱잘관찰할수있도록하거나 chemical shift artifact 에의한영향을줄이기위한목적으로사용되고있고 (1), 최근에는지방영상자체를의학적으로이용하는목적으로도사용되고있다 (2-6). 지방신호를소거하기위해서는물과지방성분의주파수차이를이용하는주파수선택적 RF 펄스 (7), T1 이완시간의차이를이용하는 short-time inversion recovery(stir)(8), 그리고두성분간의위상차이를이용하여지방신호를소거하는 Dixon(9) 방법등이있다. 상기한방법들이많은장점을가지 고있음에도불구하고 0.35 Tesla와같은저자장의시스템에서는적용하기어려운점이있다. 우선, 물과지방신호간의주파수차이가 50 Hz 정도이기때문에주파수선택적 RF 펄스를이용하기위해서는 20 ms 이상의긴 RF 펄스가필요할뿐만아니라주자장이균일해야한다. 그리고 T1 이완시간의차이를이용하는경우에서는영상의신호대잡음비 (signal-to-noise ratio) 가낮고, T1이비슷한다른부위가소거되는단점이있다. 이에반해물과지방신호의위상차이를이용한방법은동상 (in-phase) 과역상 (out-of-phase) 의에코위치차이가약 10 ms 이기때문에저자장의 MR 시스템에도상대적으로적용이용이하다. 그러나이방법또한주자장의균일도에민감하다는단점이있다. 물과지방의위상차를이용한 Dixon 방법은주자장의균일도에민감하기때문에이를해결하기위해 three-point 대한자기공명의과학회지 15:57-66(2011) 광운대학교전기공학과 * 이논문은 2010 년도광운대학교교내학술연구비지원과지식경제부지원국제공동기술개발사업의지원에의해연구되었음. 접수 : 2010 년 11 월 22 일, 수정 : 2011 년 1 월 5 일, 채택 : 2011 년 1 월 18 일통신저자 : 안창범, ( ) 서울시노원구월계동 447-1, 광운대학교전기공학과 Tel. (02) Fax. (02) cbahn@kw.ac.kr - 57-

2 김판기외 Dixon(3PD) 방법 (10, 11) 이제안되었다. 그러나이방법은기존의 two-point Dixon(2PD) 방법에비해추가적으로한번의영상을더얻기때문에측정시간이 2PD에비해길어지는단점이있다. 이런 3PD의단점을해소하기위해 extended twopoint Dixon(E2PD) 방법 (12, 13) 이제안되었다. 3PD와 E2PD 방법모두에서불균일자장맵을얻는과정에서불균일자장에의한위상이 2배증가하게하는데, 이로인하여보정할수있는최대불균일자장의크기는 1/2로줄어들게된다. 이것을보완하기위하여접힌 (wrapping) 위상을보정하는위상펼침 (unwrapping) 알고리즘이사용되는데이위상펼침알고리즘은영상에서의잡음이나불연속적인영역등의상황에따라잘동작하지않을수있다 (14). 이러한위상접힘문제와 3PD 에서의측정시간을해결하기위해 quality 맵을기반으로 region-growing 방법을통해불균일자장맵을얻는방법 (15) 이제안되었지만, 여전히잡음과불균일자장등에취약하다는한계가있다 (16). 본논문은진단에사용되기위한물-지방분리영상을얻기위해동상과역상의영상으로부터불균일자장맵을얻는방법을제안한다. 제안한방법은 2PD에기초하고있기때문에추가적인스캔이필요없고, 삼차원볼륨에서위상-크기결합밀도함수 (Joint Phase Magnitude density Function: JPMF) 를사용하여물성분을구분함으로써위상펼침을적용하지않은상태에서기존의위상기반보정방법보다비균일자장의보정범위를 2배확장할수있다. 또한전체슬라이스에서의물과지방성분의정보를모두사용하여잡음등의영향에강인하고, 3차원볼륨에대한불균일자장을보정하므로전체슬라이스에서균일하게지방이소거된영상을얻을수있다. 얻게되는데, 이때얻어진멀티슬라이스에서물과지방정보를이용해 3차원의불균일자장의패턴을분석하는데사용한다. 본연구에서사용된다채널코일에서얻은데이터는채널간의위상차이가크지않았고, 또한각채널에서의잡음은독립적이라고가정하여채널데이터를합하여신호대잡음비를개선하였다. 만약채널의위상이상이할경우, 보정이선행되어야한다. 또한각채널의잡음에상관도가존재할경우이를이용하여신호대잡음비를최대화시키는합산이필요하다 (17). 다채널코일에서 n-번째요소코일로측정한 z-위치의슬라이스에서동상 (I z) n 와역상영상 (Qz) n 의공통위상 (ф 0 ) 을제거하고각채널에서얻어진신호를합쳐서신호대잡음비가개선된동상 (I z ) 와역상 (Q z ) 영상은아래와같이주어진다. I z = Σ I n n z = (W + F) [3] (Iz)* n Q z = Σ Q n n z = (W - F)e iф e i(ф 2-ф 1 ) [4] I z n 식 [4] 에서슬라이스위치에따른옵셋위상 (e i(ф 2-ф 1 )) 은일정하므로 DC 성분 ( 에코신호의피크점의위상 ) 의위상으로부터구할수있다. 즉, (ф 2 - ф 1 ) ifft (Q z ) DC = ф off [5] 식 [5] 의옵셋위상 (ф off ) 을제거하면역상영상은아래와같이나타내진다. Q^z= Q z e -i(ф off ) =(W - F)e iф [6] 대상및방법동상및역상영상의특성물과지방신호를분리하기위해기존의 two-point Dixon 방법에서와같이물과지방신호의위상차가 0 와 180 인동상 (I) 와역상 (Q) 에서얻어진복소수형태의재구성영상은아래와같이나타낼수있다. I = (W + F)e iф 0e iф 1 [1] Q = (W - F)e iф 0e iф 2e iф [2] 위의식에서 e iф 0는시스템의지연이나필터특성과같이시스템의특성에의해동상과역상영상에서공통적으로발생하는위상을나타내고, e iф 1과 e iф 2는슬라이스위치에따른 B 0 필드의차이에의해발생되는동상과역상에서의옵셋위상을나타낸다. 그리고 e iф 는동상과역상의에코시간차이로발생하는불균일자장에의한위상이며, W와 F 는각각물과지방성분신호를나타낸다. 물과지방영상은보통다채널코일로멀티슬라이스영상을 불균일자장에의한위상 (ф) 이남겨진 Q^z 에서 ф를구하기위하기위해다항식 fitting 방식을사용하는것이적절하지만물과지방의 180도의위상차이로인해먼저물과지방의영역을구분하는일이필요하다. Joint Phase-Magnitude Density Function (JPMF) 의생성물과지방의영역을구분하기위하여동상과역상영상의크기와위상을고려한위상-크기결합밀도분포함수 (Joint Phase-Magnitude Density Function, JPMF) 를제안하였다. 이 JPMF는식 [3] 과 [6] 의 I z 와 Q^z 의결합밀도를이차원공간에나타낸것으로아래의식 [7] 과같이나타낼수있다. JPMF(u,v)= Σ k z=1 (histo(u p Q^z<(u+1) p, v m I z <(v+1) m)) [7] 식 [7] 에서 p와 m의위상과크기의단위구간을나타내고, histo( ) 는주어진조건을만족하는픽셀개수를카운트하 - 58-

3 저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 는 2차원히스토그램을뜻한다. 모든슬라이스들 ( 삼차원볼륨 ) 에대한위상과크기분포들을누적하면삼차원볼륨에대한이차원의 JPMF가만들어진다. Fig. 1은식 [7] 에의해만들어지는 JPMF를개념적으로나타낸것으로, R W 는물성분의분포이고 R F 는지방성분의분포를나타내고, 가로축은위상을, 세로축은영상의크기를나타낸다. 이렇게위상과크기에대한 2차원 JPMF를사용함으로써물과지방의 180도위상차이뿐만아니라, TR과 TE에의한물과지방의신호크기차이를활용하여물과지방의분리가더욱 용이해진다. 또한각슬라이스에서의 JPMF을누적하여전체슬라이스에대한 JPMF를생성함으로써잡음등의영향을덜받음과동시에전체슬라이스에서안정된불균일자장보정을이룰수있다. Fig. 2는스핀에코시퀀스로물과기름 ( 식용유 ) 을채운팬텀의 sagittal 방향의영상과그 JPMF를보였다. Fig. 2의 (a) 는팬텀에서 sagittal 방향의동상크기영상이다 (TR/TE = 500/26[ms]). (b) 는역상의영상인 Q^z 영상의위상이고 (c) 는 (a) 와 (b) 를이용해서만들어진 JPMF로물과지방의성분이군집하여분포하는것을볼수있다. 또한 JPMF를사용함으로써불균일자장에의한위상보정범위가 -180 ~180 범위로넓어짐을알수있다. 불균일자장맵의생성불균일자장에의한왜곡이없는물-지방분리영상을만들기위해서는불균일자장맵을이용하여위상을보정한다. 불균일자장맵은상기한 JPMF의물범위 (RW) 에해당하는위상과크기를가진픽셀들의위치를모든슬라이스들로부터찾은물성분영역 (AW) 에서의위상을통해구할수있다. 즉, 이 JPMF에서물성분의영역 (AW) 은식 [8] 과같이추출된다. A W = {(x,y,z) Q^z(x,y) R W, I z (x,y) R W } [8] Fig. 1. A joint phase-magnitude density function for waterfat imaging is schematically shown, where R W and R F denote water and fat ranges, respectively. 물성분영역 (A W ) 은식 [8] 을통해 JPMF에서 R W 에해당하는 I z 에서의크기와 Q^z 의위상을만족하는픽셀들의위치에해당하게되고, 이위치들이각슬라이스영상에서의물성분의영역 (A W ) 이다. Fig. 3의 (a) 와 (b) 는 Fig. 2(c) 의 JPMF에서물성분범위 (R W ) 와그에해당하는물성분의영역 (A W ) 을흰색으로표시한것이다. 제안된방법으로만들어진 JPMF로부터물성분의영역 a b c Fig. 2. Water-fat images and corresponding JPMF for a phantom. Magnitude in the in-phase image (a), phase in the out-ofphase image (b), and corresponding JPMF (c). Fat and water are denoted by F and W, respectively in (a). A spin echobased Dixon sequence was used with repetition time (TR) of 500 ms, and echo time (TE) of 26 ms. P 1 and P 2 in the JPMF denote the peak populations for water and fat

4 김판기외 (A W ) 는다음과같은방법으로구해진다. Step 1, JPMF에서최대값을가지는지점 (P 1 ) 을찾는다. Step 2, P 1 을시작점으로하여 P 1 의값의30% 가되는영역까지 region growing하여 P 1 을포함하는범위 (R P1 ) 을정의한다. 이때, 물과지방성분이공존하는픽셀들을배재하기위하여크기기반으로경계를설정하여 region growing 의범위를제한할수있다. Step 3, 물, 지방과같이두개의성분으로이루어진경우, JPMF에서두번째영역을정의하기위해 R P1 영역을제외한 JPMF에서최대값을가지는지점 (P 2 ) 를찾는다. Step 4, P 2 을시작점으로하여 P 2 의값의30% 가되는영역까지 region growing하여 P 2 을포함하는범위 (R P2 ) 을정의한다. Step 5, P 1 과 P 2 의크기를비교하여지방과물신호를구분한다. 이에따른 R P1 과 R P2 도물이나지방신호범위로구분된다. Step 6. 식 [8] 을이용하여물성분범위 (R W ) 로부터물성분의영역 (A W ) 을만든다. 식 [9] 에서 x, y는각슬라이스영상에서의좌표이고, z는 z 위치의슬라이스를나타낸다. 이다항식을의사-역 (pseudoinverse) 연산으로 a 1 ~a 10 의다항식계수를구하여전체영상영역에서불균일자장맵을얻는다. 불균일자장보정불균일자장맵을이용하여식 [6] 의 Q^z 에존재하는불균일 물성분의영역 (A W ) 에서위상값을이용하여식 [9] 와같이삼차원의다항식으로전개하면불균일자장패턴을계산할수있다 (18-20). 불균일자장을 2차다항식으로전개한것은일반적으로불균일자장의변화가급격하지않고, 또한차수를높게설정하였을경우잡음이나기타요인으로인한불안정한 fitting을배제하기위함이다. 제안된방법에서는반복적인보정을적용하여결과적으로고차보정이안정적으로이루어지도록하였다. ф(x,y,z)= a 1 z 2 +a 2 x 2 +a 3 y 2 +a 4 xy+a 5 yz+ a 6 xz+a 7 x+a 8 y+a 9 z+a 10 [9] Fig. 4. Flow chart for the proposed water-fat imaging. Fig. 3. Two dimensional range of water in the JPMF (a), and corresponding water region (b) in the phantom image shown in Fig. 2. a b - 60-

5 저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 자장을제거한다. 불균일자장이클경우얻어진 JPMF 및이를이용하여정의된물영역이정확하지않을수있으므로 Fig. 4의순서도에서처럼반복적으로불균일자장을보정하고, 보정된영상들로부터 JPMF를구하고이로부터다시불균일자장을개선하는과정을반복한다 (21). Fig. 5는물-지방팬텀에서반복적인불균일자장보정을통한 JPMF와물성분영역 (A W ) 의변화를보여준다. 우선불균일자장을보정하지않은 Fig. 2(c) 의 JPMF와비교하여불균일자장을 1회보정했을때 (Fig. 5(a)-top) JPMF 상의물과지방성분의분포가더응집되어있는것을확인할수있고, 그에따른각성분분포의최대빈도점의크기 ( 화살표가가리킨위치에서의크기 ) 도 1회의불균일자장보정을통해각각의성분으로모임으로써최대빈도점에서의크기도커짐을알수있다. 또한 JPMF로부터찾아진물성분영역 (A W ) 의경우도불균일자장을반복하여보정할때에더넓은영역을포함하게된다. 불균일자장이보정된물과지방영상은아래와같이주어진다. 1 W = ( I +Real(Q^c)) [10] 2 1 F = ( I - Real(Q^c)) [11] 2 식 [10] 과식 [11] 에서 Q^c 은불균일자장을보정한역상영상이고, Real은복소수값을갖는 Q^c 의실수부분을뜻한다. Fig.6은본논문에서제안된방법으로불균일자장을 1회 (a), 3회 (b) 와 5회 (c) 반복하여보정한물성분영상과위상맵 (df), 그리고 5회반복하여보정한지방성분의영상 (g) 이다. Fig. 6(h) 에는 Fig. 6(a), (b), (c) 에서점선으로표시된곳의단면을나타낸것으로반복적인불균일자장보정을통해물성분의신호가영상전체에서균일하게회복됨을확인할수있다. Fig. 6(h) 의물성분프로파일에서지방영역에물신호가나타나는것은팬텀에사용된지방 ( 식용유 ) 에물성분이내재된이유로판단된다. Fig. 2의동상과역상영상에서물과지방영역에서 ROI로신호의크기를측정해보면물의신호는동상과역상모두에서거의같은크기로나타나나, 지방신호는역상영상에서동상의약 67% 정도로나타난다. 이것으로부터식용유내에물성분이존재하는것을알수있다. a b c Fig. 5. Change of JPMF and corresponding water region as the number of iterations of the inhomogeneity correction increases. Numbers of iterations are 1(a), 2(b) and 3(c), respectively

6 김판기외 결과본실험은 0.35 Tesla open MRI 장비 (ISOL technology 사, Korea) 를이용하여실험하였다. 제안된방법을위하여스 핀에코기반의펄스시퀀스의 refocusing RF pulse의위치를조절하여동상과역상의시간차를 9.8 ms가되는두영상을얻었다 (TR/ TE = 500/25[ms]). Fig. 7은무릎에서불균일자장의보정횟수에따른물과지방성분영상의결과로써, (a) 와 (b) 는동상의크기영상과 Q^ a b c d e f g h Fig. 6. Water images of the phantom with the number of iterations of the inhomogeneity correction are 1 (a), 3 (b), and 5 (c), respectively. Corresponding phase maps are shown in (d), (e), and (f), respectively. Fat image of the phantom after inhomogeneity correction (iteration number of 5) is shown in (g). The intensity profiles of the water images along the broken lines are shown in (h)

7 저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 a b c d e f g h Fig. 7. In-vivo axial knee images of a volunteer. Magnitude of the in-phase image (a), phase of the out-of-phase image (b) obtained by a spin echo sequence at 0.35 T(TR=500 ms, TE=25 ms, FOV=230 mm, spatial resolution= 0.89 mm, flip angle (FA)=90, slice thickness= 8 mm). Water image, fat image, and corresponding JPMF are shown in (c), (d), and (e), respectively before the inhomogeneity correction. Water image, fat image, and corresponding JPMF after the proposed inhomogeneity correction are shown in (f), (g) and (h), respectively. The number of iterations for inhomogeneity correction was 5. Note the improvements in the water images especially in the regions shown by the arrows

8 김판기외 Fig. 8. In-vivo multi-slice water (top) and fat (bottom) images of knee (a), hand (b), and shoulder (c) of volunteers are shown. They are obtained by a gradient echo-based Dixon sequence at 0.35T. The repetition time was 500 ms, TE for the out-of-phase and in-phase imaging was 9.8 ms and 19.6 ms, respectively. Other imaging parameters are: FOV=250 mm, FA=60, Thickness= 5 mm, spatial Resolution=0.97 mm (a); FOV=230 mm, FA=60, Thickness= 3 mm, s- patial Resolution=0.89 mm (b); FOV=250 mm, FA=60, Thickness= 5 mm, spatial Resolution= 0.97 mm (c). a b c - 64-

9 저자장자기공명영상에서위상 - 크기결합밀도함수를이용한자동불균일자장보정물 - 지방영상기법 의위상영상으로, 위상영상에서불균일자장에의해위상접힘이있음을알수있다. (c) 과 (d) 는각각불균일자장을보정하지않았을때의물과지방영상이고, (e) 는이때의 JPMF로써불균일자장에의한영향으로물과지방이구분이잘되지않고, 각성분의위상이넓게퍼져있는것을확인할수있다. 그리고 5회의반복적인보정을통한물및지방영상과그때의 JPMF를각각 (f), (g), (h) 에나타내었다. 넓게퍼져있던물과지방성분의위상이 2개의영역으로모임을볼수있으며 (c) 와 (f) 의결과영상을비교해보면반복적인불균일자장의보정으로왜곡이줄어들어지방성분이잘소거된것을확인할수있다. 또한 5회보정하여얻어진지방영상 (g) 를통해서물과지방이잘분리되고있음을알수있다. 본논문에서제안한물-지방분리영상기법은전체슬라이스에서 JPMF 와삼차원불균일자장맵을생성하기때문에전체슬라이스에서균일하게물과지방이구분된영상을얻을수있다. Fig. 8은경사자계에코기반의펄스시퀀스로얻은영상을이용하여얻은물과지방성분영상이다 Tesla 시스템에서경사자계-에코펄스시퀀스로역상과동상영상을얻기위해서 TR은 500 ms로, TE는각각 9.8 ms와 19.6 ms로설정하였고, 불균일자장을 5회보정한결과영상이다. (a) 는무릎, (b) 는손, 그리고 (c) 는어깨에서의물성분영상 ( 위 ) 과지방성분영상 ( 아래 ) 을나타낸결과로써, 제안한방법이다양한부위와영상기법에서도잘동작하고있음을알수있다. 에서도잘동작할수있게된다. 물과지방성분의크기차이는 TR, TE, FA 등과같은이미징파라미터들로결정될수있으므로사전에스캔대상과목적에따라물과지방의크기차이가극대화되는이미징파라미터를정리해두면물과지방영상을얻는데유용할것으로판단된다. 결론본논문에서는 Dixon 방식을기반으로하여얻은멀티슬라이스영상들의크기와위상을이용하여 JPMF를생성하였다. 이 JPMF는전체슬라이스에서얻었기때문에전체슬라이스들의위상과크기를나타낼수있을뿐만아니라, 물과지방성분분포의구분이더명확해질수있었고이를통해물의영역을선택적으로추출할수있었다. 이렇게물과지방성분을선택적으로분류할수있어서선택된성분만의위상정보로부터삼차원불균일자장패턴을추출할수있었다. 또한반복적인불균일자장보정을통해전체슬라이스에서균일하게원하는성분을얻을수있었다. 본논문에서제안한방법은 0.35 Tesla의시스템에서스핀에코기반의펄스시퀀스와경사자계에코기반의펄스시퀀스모두에서다양한신체부위에대하여잘동작함을확인할수있었다. 참고문헌 고찰 2-point Dixon 방법으로얻은동상과역상영상들로부터위상과크기에대한 JPMF를만들고, 이 JPMF에서물과지방성분분포중선택한성분영역에서의위상맵으로부터불균일자장패턴을추출하여반복적으로불균일자장을개선하는방법을제안하였다. 3차원볼륨에서위상과크기의 2차원결합분포함수 (JPMF) 를사용함으로써기존의위상만을사용하여물영역을구분하는방법보다자장의불균일도보정범위를최대 180 에서 360 로확장시킬수있다 ( 위상펼침을사용하지않았을경우 ). 물과지방이공존하는픽셀에서는물과지방의분리가어려워질수있으나, 제안한방법에서는 JPMF에서크기신호에경계를설정하여물과지방이공존하는픽셀들을배제하고물을많이포함하는픽셀들의위상에서불균일자장을 fitting 하여전체영역에서불균일자장을보정하였다. 자기장의불균일도가비교적완만하게변화하기때문에물을많이포함하는픽셀들만이용하여도전체불균일자장패턴의추정에는어려움이없다. 삼차원볼륨에서 JPMF를구함으로써전체볼륨안에서주요한성분의위상과크기의정보를안정적으로제시할수있음을보였다. 물과지방신호의상대적인크기는비교적불균일자장의영향을작게받기때문에제안한방법은불균일자장이심한경우 1.Emmanuelle M, Javier B, Glyn J, Jean R, Xavier M, Anne C. Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. Radiographics 1999;19: Hussain HK, Chenevert TL, Londy FJ, et al. Hepatic fat fraction: MR imaging for quantitative measurement and display - early experience. Radiology 2005;236: Guiu B, Petit JM, Loffroy R, et al. Quantification of liver fat content: comparison of triple-echo chemical shift gardient-echo imaging and in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 2009;250: O Regan DP, Callaghan MF, Wylezinska-Arridge M, et al. Liver fat content and T2*: simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3T-feasibility. Radiology 2008;247: Kellman P, Hernando D, Shah S, et al. Multiecho dixon fat and water separation method for detecting fibrofatty infiltration in the myocardium. Magn Reson Med 2009;61: Hu HH, Kim HW, Nayak KS, et al. Comparison of fat-water MRI and single-voxel MRS in the assessment of hepatic and pancreatic fat fractions in humans. Obesity 2010;18: Keller PJ, Hunter WW Jr, Schmalbrock P. Multisection fat-water imaging with chemical shift selection presaturation. Radiology 1987;164: Bydder GM, Young IR. MR imaging: clinical use of the inversion-recovery sequence. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985;9:

10 김판기외 9.Dixon WT. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 1984;153: Glover GH, Schneider E. Three-point Dixon Technique for true water/fat decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction. Magn Reson Med 1991;18: Glover GH. Multipoint dixon technique for true water and fat proton and susceptibility imaging. Magn Reson Med 1991;5: Skinner TE, Glover GH. An extended two-point Dixon algorithm for calculating separate water, fat, and B0 images. Magn Reson Med 1997;37: Coombs BD, Szumowski J, Coshow W. Two-points Dixon technique for water-fat signal decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction. Magn Reson Med 1997;38: Ghiglia DC, Pritt MD. Two-dimensional phase unwrapping: theory, algorithm, and software. New York: John Wiley & Sons; Ma J. Breath-hold water and fat imaging using a dual-echo twopoint Dixon technique with an efficient and robust phase-correction algorithm. Magn Reson Med 2005;52: Schmidt MA, Fraser KM. Two-point Dixon fat-water separation: improving reliability and accuracy in phase correction algorithm. JMRI 2008;27: Pruessmann KP, et al. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast M- RI. Magn Reson Med 1999;42: Ahn CB, Jo JM, Cho ZH. Magnetic field homogeneity correction algorithm using pseudoinversion formula for NMR imaging. Rev Sc. Instrum 1986;57(4): Irarrazabal P, Meyer CH, Nishimura DG, Macovski A. Inhomogeneity correction using an estimated linear field map. Magn Reson Med 1996;35: Bernstein MA, King KF, Zhou XJ. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequence. New York: Elsevier; Reeder SB, Wen Z, Yu H, et al. Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least-squares estimation method. Magn Reson Med 2004;51:35-45 J. Korean Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 15:57-66(2011) Water-Fat Imaging with Automatic Field Inhomogeneity Correction Using Joint Phase Magnitude Density Function at Low Field MRI Pan-Ki Kim and Chang-Beom Ahn Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University Purpose : A new inhomogeneity correction method based on two-point Dixon sequence is proposed to obtain water and fat images at 0.35T, low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Materials and Methods : Joint phase-magnitude density function (JPMF) is obtained from the in-phase and out-of-phase images by the two-point Dixon method. The range of the water signal is adjusted from the JPMF, and 3D inhomogeneity map is obtained from the phase of corresponding water volume. The 3D inhomogeneity map is used to correct the inhomogeneity field iteratively. Results : The proposed water-fat imaging method was successfully applied to various organs. The proposed 3D inhomogeneity correction algorithm provides good performances in overall multi-slice images. Conclusion : The proposed water-fat separation method using JPMF is robust to field inhomogeneity. Three dimensional inhomogeneity map and the iterative inhomogeneity correction algorithm improve water and fat imaging substantially. Index words : Water-fat imaging Inhomogeneity correction Low-field MRI Joint phase-magnitude density function Address reprint requests to : Chang-Beom Ahn, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul , Korea. Tel Fax cbahn@kw.ac.kr - 66-

슬라이드 제목 없음

슬라이드 제목 없음 MR Angiography 김재형 서울의대방사선과학교실 ( 분당서울대병원 ) Contents Time-of-flight (TOF) MRA Phase contrast (PC) MRA Contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA Basic principles Clinical application I. Time-of-flight (TOF) MRA Principles:

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo

High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a lo High Resolution Disparity Map Generation Using TOF Depth Camera In this paper, we propose a high-resolution disparity map generation method using a low-resolution Time-Of- Flight (TOF) depth camera and

More information

김재형 한만큼횡축자기화가생성되지못해결국 MRI 신호가감소한다. 따라서 TR을짧게하면조직간의 T1이완시간차이를대조도로반영한영상을만들수있으며이것이 T1강조영상이다. 즉 T1강조영상은짧은 TR과짧은 TE을사용하며, 짧은 TR 로조직간의 T1 대조도를증강시키고, 짧은 TE로는

김재형 한만큼횡축자기화가생성되지못해결국 MRI 신호가감소한다. 따라서 TR을짧게하면조직간의 T1이완시간차이를대조도로반영한영상을만들수있으며이것이 T1강조영상이다. 즉 T1강조영상은짧은 TR과짧은 TE을사용하며, 짧은 TR 로조직간의 T1 대조도를증강시키고, 짧은 TE로는 T1, T2 강조영상, FLAIR 영상의임상적용 김재형 T1, T2강조영상, FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) 영상기법은뇌 MRI의가장기본적인영상기법들이다. T1강조영상은짧은 TR과짧은 TE를이용한스핀에코기법으로서조직의 T1이완시간의차이를신호차이로반영하는기법이다. 짧은 TR을사용하면조직간에종축자기화의회복정도가크게차이나게되며이를신호에반영하는것이다.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

47-55ÀÌÁ¤ÈÖ

47-55ÀÌÁ¤ÈÖ 47 Fig. 2. Sagittal localizer image of ACR phantom. Table 1. ACR Pulse Sequence Acquisition Parameters Image TR(ms) TE(ms) Matrix FOV(cm) Slice Thickness(mm) Gap(mm) NEX Sagittal Localizer 0200 20 256256

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Journal of Radiation Industry 10 (2) : 43 ~ 47 (2016) Technical Paper 무릎자기공명영상에대한정량적, 정성적평가 : 1.5 T 와 3.0 T 기기비교 구은회 1 1 청주대학교방사선학과 Qualitative and Qu

Journal of Radiation Industry 10 (2) : 43 ~ 47 (2016) Technical Paper 무릎자기공명영상에대한정량적, 정성적평가 : 1.5 T 와 3.0 T 기기비교 구은회 1 1 청주대학교방사선학과 Qualitative and Qu Journal of Radiation Industry 10 (2) : 43 ~ 47 (2016) Technical Paper 무릎자기공명영상에대한정량적, 정성적평가 : 1.5 T 와 3.0 T 기기비교 구은회 1 1 청주대학교방사선학과 Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jul.; 27(7), 625634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.7.625 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Near-Field

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

1093_특집- 구현우

1093_특집- 구현우 J Korean Med ssoc 2010 December; 53(12): 1093-1102 DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.12.1093 pissn: 1975-8456 eissn: 2093-5951 http://jkma.org Focused Issue of This Month High field strength magnetic resonance

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Gray level 변환 및 Arithmetic 연산을 사용한 영상 개선

Gray level 변환 및 Arithmetic 연산을 사용한 영상 개선 Point Operation Histogram Modification 김성영교수 금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과 학습내용 HISTOGRAM HISTOGRAM MODIFICATION DETERMINING THRESHOLD IN THRESHOLDING 2 HISTOGRAM A simple datum that gives the number of pixels that a

More information

이 장에서 사용되는 MATLAB 명령어들은 비교적 복잡하므로 MATLAB 창에서 명령어를 직접 입력하지 않고 확장자가 m 인 text 파일을 작성하여 실행을 한다

이 장에서 사용되는 MATLAB 명령어들은 비교적 복잡하므로 MATLAB 창에서 명령어를 직접 입력하지 않고 확장자가 m 인 text 파일을 작성하여 실행을 한다 이장에서사용되는 MATLAB 명령어들은비교적복잡하므로 MATLAB 창에서명령어를직접입력하지않고확장자가 m 인 text 파일을작성하여실행을한다. 즉, test.m 과같은 text 파일을만들어서 MATLAB 프로그램을작성한후실행을한다. 이와같이하면길고복잡한 MATLAB 프로그램을작성하여실행할수있고, 오류가발생하거나수정이필요한경우손쉽게수정하여실행할수있는장점이있으며,

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸ A Study on the Automation of Classification of Volume Reconstruction for CT Images S.M. Park 1, I.S. Hong 2, D.S. Kim 1, D.Y. Kim 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 2 Dept. of Radiology,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D204D5249B1E2BCFAB5BFC7E2B9D7BDC3C0E5C7F6C8B25F7665725F325B315D205BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D>

<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D204D5249B1E2BCFAB5BFC7E2B9D7BDC3C0E5C7F6C8B25F7665725F325B315D205BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D> MRI 기술동향 및 시장현황 2011.10 Ⅰ.기술 동향 MRI 기술 Road Map 1946년 Bloch & Purcell, 핵 자기공명 현상 발견(1952년 노벨상 수상) 1973년 Lauterbur, 경사자계 시스템(Gradient System) 고안, 최초의 MRI 영상 획득(2003년 노벨상 수상) 1975년 Ernst, MRI에 퓨리에 변환, 신호

More information

박수경외 상을재구성하기위해서는각코일고유의감도로부호화되어있는다수의데이터를이용하여위상부호화방향으로부호화횟수를줄여서측정함으로써, 공간정보를유지하면서데이터획득시간을줄일수있다. 이렇게획득된데이터는나이키스트샘플링이론에위배되어중첩현상이발생하지만코일의감도정보를이용함으로써제거할수있다.

박수경외 상을재구성하기위해서는각코일고유의감도로부호화되어있는다수의데이터를이용하여위상부호화방향으로부호화횟수를줄여서측정함으로써, 공간정보를유지하면서데이터획득시간을줄일수있다. 이렇게획득된데이터는나이키스트샘플링이론에위배되어중첩현상이발생하지만코일의감도정보를이용함으로써제거할수있다. 컴퓨터시뮬레이션을이용한직각좌표및나선주사방식의병렬자기공명영상에서움직임효과연구 박수경 안창범 심동규 박호종 목적 : 본논문에서는자기공명영상데이터획득시객체의움직임이병렬자기공명영상에미치는영향에대하여연구하였다. 일반적으로병렬자기공명영상방법의경우데이터획득시간이일반자기공명영상방법보다짧기때문에움직임에강인하다고알려져있다. 그러나생체내의비자발적인장기운동등과같은불가피한움직임이포함된경우병렬영상의움직임아티펙트는일반적인영상에비하여더심각할수있다.

More information

3. 다음은카르노맵의표이다. 논리식을간략화한것은? < 나 > 4. 다음카르노맵을간략화시킨결과는? < >

3. 다음은카르노맵의표이다. 논리식을간략화한것은? < 나 > 4. 다음카르노맵을간략화시킨결과는? < > . 변수의수 ( 數 ) 가 3 이라면카르노맵에서몇개의칸이요구되는가? 2칸 나 4칸 다 6칸 8칸 < > 2. 다음진리표의카르노맵을작성한것중옳은것은? < 나 > 다 나 입력출력 Y - 2 - 3. 다음은카르노맵의표이다. 논리식을간략화한것은? < 나 > 4. 다음카르노맵을간략화시킨결과는? < > 2 2 2 2 2 2 2-3 - 5. 다음진리표를간략히한결과

More information

½½¶óÀ̵å Á¦¸ñ ¾øÀ½

½½¶óÀ̵å Á¦¸ñ ¾øÀ½ 하나의그룹 FH/FDMA 시스템에서 겹쳐지는슬롯수에따른성능분석 구정우 jwku@eve.yonsei.ac.kr 2000. 4. 27 Coding & Information Theory Lab. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yonsei Univ. 차례 (Contents) 1. 도입 (Introduction)

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Coriolis.hwp

Coriolis.hwp MCM Series 주요특징 MaxiFlo TM (맥시플로) 코리올리스 (Coriolis) 질량유량계 MCM 시리즈는 최고의 정밀도를 자랑하며 슬러리를 포함한 액체, 혼합 액체등의 질량 유량, 밀도, 온도, 보정된 부피 유량을 측정할 수 있는 질량 유량계 이다. 단일 액체 또는 2가지 혼합액체를 측정할 수 있으며, 강한 노이즈 에도 견디는 면역성, 높은 정밀도,

More information

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3 Depth layer partition 2D 3D a), a) 3D conversion of 2D video using depth layer partition Sudong Kim a) and Jisang Yoo a) depth layer partition 2D 3D. 2D (depth map). (edge directional histogram). depth

More information

395-402Ȳ¼º¼ö

395-402Ȳ¼º¼ö 395 Fig. 1. Flow diagram showing selection of options for adequate screen recording on the CamStudio 396 Fig. 2 Flow diagram showing the menu buttons on the CamStudio and the process of recording after

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., KOSPI200.,. * 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월

지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., KOSPI200.,. * 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., 2004 5 2009 12 KOSPI200.,. * 2009. 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 김선웅 안현철 社 1), 28 1, 2009, 4. 1. 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 Support

More information

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â Representation, Encoding and Intermediate View Interpolation Methods for Multi-view Video Using Layered Depth Images The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

09이훈열ok(163-

09이훈열ok(163- Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.27, No.2, 2011, pp.163~170 Change of Refractive Index of Air in X-band due to Atmospheric Humidity, Temperature and Pressure measured by GB-SAR Interferometry Jae-Hee

More information

8-VSB (Vestigial Sideband Modulation)., (Carrier Phase Offset, CPO) (Timing Frequency Offset),. VSB, 8-PAM(pulse amplitude modulation,, ) DC 1.25V, [2

8-VSB (Vestigial Sideband Modulation)., (Carrier Phase Offset, CPO) (Timing Frequency Offset),. VSB, 8-PAM(pulse amplitude modulation,, ) DC 1.25V, [2 VSB a), a) An Alternative Carrier Phase Independent Symbol Timing Offset Estimation Methods for VSB Receivers Sung Soo Shin a) and Joon Tae Kim a) VSB. VSB.,,., VSB,. Abstract In this paper, we propose

More information

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â 20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7

More information

Problem New Case RETRIEVE Learned Case Retrieved Cases New Case RETAIN Tested/ Repaired Case Case-Base REVISE Solved Case REUSE Aamodt, A. and Plaza, E. (1994). Case-based reasoning; Foundational

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - analogic_kimys_ch10.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - analogic_kimys_ch10.ppt Stability and Frequency Compensation (Ch. 10) 김영석충북대학교전자정보대학 2010.3.1 Email: kimys@cbu.ac.kr 전자정보대학김영석 1 Basic Stability 10.1 General Considerations Y X (s) = H(s) 1+ βh(s) May oscillate at ω if βh(jω)

More information

Crt114( ).hwp

Crt114( ).hwp cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1

More information

<313920C0CCB1E2BFF82E687770>

<313920C0CCB1E2BFF82E687770> 韓 國 電 磁 波 學 會 論 文 誌 第 19 卷 第 8 號 2008 年 8 月 論 文 2008-19-8-19 K 대역 브릭형 능동 송수신 모듈의 설계 및 제작 A Design and Fabrication of the Brick Transmit/Receive Module for K Band 이 기 원 문 주 영 윤 상 원 Ki-Won Lee Ju-Young Moon

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

02¿ÀÇö¹Ì(5~493s

02¿ÀÇö¹Ì(5~493s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.22, No.6, 2006, pp.485~493 Estimation of Quantitative Precipitation Rate Using an Optimal Weighting Method with RADAR Estimated Rainrate and AWS Rainrate Hyun-Mi Oh,

More information

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구 Study on the characteristic of heavy rainfall in the middle northern Gangwon Province by using Gwangdeoksan radar data 2004. 12. 10. Fig. 2.2.1 Measurement range of Gwangdeoksan radar site Fig. 2.2.2

More information

<333820C0CCC8A3B9FC2DBDC7B8AEC4DCC0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C0DAC8ADC0B220C0CEB0F8B9B02E687770>

<333820C0CCC8A3B9FC2DBDC7B8AEC4DCC0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C0DAC8ADC0B220C0CEB0F8B9B02E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 12 pp. 5937-5942, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.12.5937 실리콘을이용한자화율인공물의감소에관한연구 최관우 1, 이호범 1* 1 서울아산병원영상의학과 A study

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). *

, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). * , 40 12 (2006 6) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). * 40, 40 12 (EPQ; economic production quantity). (setup cost) (setup time) Bradley

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

1. 3DTV Fig. 1. Tentative terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting system. 3D 3DTV. 3DTV ATSC (Advanced Television Sys- tems Committee), 18Mbps [1]. 2D TV (High

1. 3DTV Fig. 1. Tentative terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting system. 3D 3DTV. 3DTV ATSC (Advanced Television Sys- tems Committee), 18Mbps [1]. 2D TV (High 3DTV a), a) Dual Codec Based Joint Bit Rate Control Scheme for Terrestrial Stereoscopic 3DTV Broadcast Yongjun Chang a) and Munchurl Kim a) 3 3 (3DTV). ATSC 18Mbps. 3D, 2DTV,. 3DTV. - (quadratic rate-quantization

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

2 : 3 (Myeongah Cho et al.: Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing and Weighted Blending for Fast Panoramic Image Method) (Special Paper) 23 2

2 : 3 (Myeongah Cho et al.: Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing and Weighted Blending for Fast Panoramic Image Method) (Special Paper) 23 2 (Special Paper) 232, 2018 3 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.2.235 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 3 a), a), a) Three-Dimensional Rotation Angle Preprocessing

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

227-233Â÷¼øÁÖ

227-233Â÷¼øÁÖ 227 228 Table 1. The Results of PSNR (db) for Various Compression Rate Modality Case 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1 80:1 MR 9 71.68 2.37 60.54 2.51 52.85 2.53 48.54 2.29 44.09 2.47 CT 9 51.90 1.67 63.70 2.02 57.32

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun; 26(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun; 26(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Jun; 26(6), 564571. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.6.564 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) 3-D Multiple-Input

More information

03-16-김용일.indd

03-16-김용일.indd Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography Vol. 33, No. 2, 95-101, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2015.33.2.95 ISSN 1598-4850(Print) ISSN 2288-260X(Online)

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 276), 504511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.504 ISSN 1226-3133 Print)ISSN 2288-226X Online) Near-Field

More information

review050829.hwp

review050829.hwp 한국무역협회 무역연구소 서울시 강남구 삼성동 무역센터 트레이드타워 4801호 Tel: 6000-5174~9 Fax: 6000-6198 홈페이지 : http://tri.kita.net - 1 - 5 4 (% ) 경상수지(G DP 대 비) 추 이 일본 독일 3 네덜란드 2 1 아일랜드 0-1 -2 [1만불 - 2 만불 달성기간 ] -일본(80-88) -독일(79-90)

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Oct.; 27(10),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Oct.; 27(10), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Oct.; 27(10), 926 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.10.926 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Multi-Function

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

초고해상도미세영상기법을이용한 Mouse 뇌의자기공명영상연구 실험실에서도 mouse에대한고해상도의영상연구가가능하다. 그이유는 NMR 실험실에서는기본적으로 4.7 T 이상의자기장을제공하는초전도자석과수소뿐아니라, 핵스핀이있는대부분의핵종들, 예를들면중수소, 탄소, 인, 질소등

초고해상도미세영상기법을이용한 Mouse 뇌의자기공명영상연구 실험실에서도 mouse에대한고해상도의영상연구가가능하다. 그이유는 NMR 실험실에서는기본적으로 4.7 T 이상의자기장을제공하는초전도자석과수소뿐아니라, 핵스핀이있는대부분의핵종들, 예를들면중수소, 탄소, 인, 질소등 초고해상도미세영상기법을이용한 Mouse 뇌의자기공명영상연구 한덕영 1 윤문현 2 최보영 2 목적 : 본연구는핵자기공명분광기를개조한미세영상기법을이용하여, 동물실험에주류를이루는 mouse를대상으로, 0.1 mm 이내의초고해상도자기공명영상을 5분정도시간안에획득할수있는방법을개발하고자하였다, 대상및방법 : 사용된 mouse는 C57BL/6로서무게 50 그램이내의 mouse를사용하였다.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

Main Title

Main Title GE Peter S. Pande,, Robert P. Neuman, Ronald R. Cavanagh The SIX SIGMA WAY April 29, 2005 Jin-Ho Jeong,, Ph.D. Competitiveness Valuation International, Inc. Korea Partner of IMD WCY jeong@cvikorea.net

More information

08김현휘_ok.hwp

08김현휘_ok.hwp (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel

More information

1 : 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, (JBE Vol. 24, No

1 : 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, (JBE Vol. 24, No 1: 360 VR (Da-yoon Nam et al.: Color and Illumination Compensation Algorithm for 360 VR Panorama Image) (Special Paper) 24 1, 2019 1 (JBE Vol. 24, No. 1, January 2019) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2019.24.1.3

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA FPS게임 구성요소의 중요도 분석방법에 관한 연구 2 계층화 의사결정법에 의한 요소별 상관관계측정과 대안의 선정 The Study on the Priority of First Person Shooter game Elements using Analytic Hierarchy Process 주 저 자 : 배혜진 에이디 테크놀로지 대표 Bae, Hyejin AD Technology

More information

<C5F0B0E8C7D0B0FA20C7D1B1B9B9AEC8AD20C1A63435C8A328C3D6C1BE292E687770>

<C5F0B0E8C7D0B0FA20C7D1B1B9B9AEC8AD20C1A63435C8A328C3D6C1BE292E687770> 退溪學派의 分化와 屛虎是非(Ⅱ)* 廬江(虎溪)書院 置廢 顚末 43)설 석 규** 차 례 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 머리말 書院의 建立과 系派分化 配 追享 論議와 賜額 屛虎是非와 書院毁撤 맺음말 국문초록 이 글은 廬江(虎溪)書院의 건립에서부터 훼철에 이르는 과정을 屛派와 虎派의 역학 관계와 연관하여 검토한 것이다. 여강서원은 중국의 性理學을 계승하면서도 우리나라

More information

05서찬양(521~529)ok

05서찬양(521~529)ok Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.28, No.5, 2012, pp.521~529 http://dx.doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2012.28.5.5 Spatial Estimation of Priestley-Taylor Based Potential Evapotranspiration Using MODIS Imageries:

More information

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a 조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a) b) 조사연구 주제어 패널조사 횡단면가중치 종단면가중치 선형혼합모형 일반화선형혼 합모형

More information

. 서론,, [1]., PLL.,., SiGe, CMOS SiGe CMOS [2],[3].,,. CMOS,.. 동적주파수분할기동작조건분석 3, Miller injection-locked, static. injection-locked static [4]., 1/n 그림

. 서론,, [1]., PLL.,., SiGe, CMOS SiGe CMOS [2],[3].,,. CMOS,.. 동적주파수분할기동작조건분석 3, Miller injection-locked, static. injection-locked static [4]., 1/n 그림 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Feb.; 27(2), 170175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.2.170 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

1 : (Sunmin Lee et al.: Design and Implementation of Indoor Location Recognition System based on Fingerprint and Random Forest)., [1][2]. GPS(Global P

1 : (Sunmin Lee et al.: Design and Implementation of Indoor Location Recognition System based on Fingerprint and Random Forest)., [1][2]. GPS(Global P (JBE Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2018) (Regular Paper) 23 1, 2018 1 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.1.154 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) Design

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 26(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 26(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Dec.; 26(12), 1100 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.12.1100 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

<333720B1B8C0BAC8B82DBAF1BECBC4DDBCBA20C1F6B9E6B0A3C8AFC0DA20C6F2B0A12E687770>

<333720B1B8C0BAC8B82DBAF1BECBC4DDBCBA20C1F6B9E6B0A3C8AFC0DA20C6F2B0A12E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 12 pp. 5931-5936, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.12.5931 비알콜성지방간환자평가를위한 3.0T 고자기장자기공명분광법을이용한 PRESS 기법의유용성 구은회 1* 1

More information

남자는 뜨개질 하면 안 되나요

남자는 뜨개질 하면 안 되나요 남자는 뜨개질 하면 안 되나요? 진원동초등학교 6학년 1반 이다은 남학생들, 매트 옮기자. 체육 시간이 끝날 때가 되면 선생님은 남학생들을 부르신다. 체육시간에 사 용한 매트와 뜀틀 도구를 옮기기 위해서다. 선생님, 여학생들도 옮기라고 해요. 힘은 쟤들이 더 세요. 선생님. 저희가 옮길게요. 저희도 할 수 있어요. 그래도 무거운 거 옮기고 이런 건, 남자애들이

More information

Output file

Output file 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 An Application for Calculation and Visualization of Narrative Relevance of Films Using Keyword Tags Choi Jin-Won (KAIST) Film making

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

04김호걸(39~50)ok

04김호걸(39~50)ok Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 22, No. 1(2013) pp.39~50 Prediction of Landslides Occurrence Probability under Climate Change using MaxEnt Model Kim, Hogul* Lee, Dong-Kun** Mo, Yongwon*

More information

., 3D HDTV. 3D HDTV,, 2 (TTA) [] 3D HDTV,,, /. (RAPA) 3DTV [2] 3DTV, 3DTV, DB(, / ), 3DTV. ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 8-VSB (8-Vesti

., 3D HDTV. 3D HDTV,, 2 (TTA) [] 3D HDTV,,, /. (RAPA) 3DTV [2] 3DTV, 3DTV, DB(, / ), 3DTV. ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 8-VSB (8-Vesti ATSC a), a) A Carrier Frequency Synchronization Scheme for modified ATSC Systems Young Gon Jeon a) and Joon Tae Kim a) 3D HDTV (3-Dimensional High Definition Television). 3D HDTV HDTV ATSC (Advanced Television

More information

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소 2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in

More information

LIDAR와 영상 Data Fusion에 의한 건물 자동추출

LIDAR와 영상 Data Fusion에 의한 건물 자동추출 i ii iii iv v vi vii 1 2 3 4 Image Processing Image Pyramid Edge Detection Epipolar Image Image Matching LIDAR + Photo Cross correlation Least Squares Epipolar Line Matching Low Level High Level Space

More information

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770> 88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,

More information

08원재호( )

08원재호( ) 30 2 20124 pp. 173~180 Non-Metric Digital Camera Lens Calibration Using Ground Control Points 1) 2) 3) Abstract The most recent, 80 mega pixels digital camera appeared through the development of digital

More information

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp RUF * (A Simple and Efficient Antialiasing Method with the RUF buffer) (, Byung-Uck Kim) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Woo-Chan Park) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Sung-Bong

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

03 장태헌.hwp

03 장태헌.hwp THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2013 Aug.; 24(8), 772 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.8.772 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) HEMP

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., - THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta

More information

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of

More information

09김수현_ok.hwp

09김수현_ok.hwp 2 : TOF DSLR (Soohyeon Kim et al. : Hybrid Camera System with a TOF and DSLR Cameras) (Regular Paper) 19 4, 2014 7 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.4.533 ISSN 2287-9137

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

304.fm

304.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun

More information

Chapter4.hwp

Chapter4.hwp Ch. 4. Spectral Density & Correlation 4.1 Energy Spectral Density 4.2 Power Spectral Density 4.3 Time-Averaged Noise Representation 4.4 Correlation Functions 4.5 Properties of Correlation Functions 4.6

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 25(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 25(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Dec.; 25(12), 12751283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.12.1275 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information