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1 이동통신기술의진화 청강문화산업대학이동통신과이상근교수 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 1

2 목차 주요방식별진화의개요 P3 ~ 물리계층기능의진화 P26~ 무선데이터전송 P38~ 무선데이터전송을위한코드의특성 P47~ RF 이슈 P55 ~ 핸드오프, 전력제어, 랜덤엑세스 P64~ OFDM, Wibro P78~ Frequency Table P100~ HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 2

3 이동통신무선망의진화 14.4kbps CDMA/PCS IS-95A 14.4kbps GSM 57.6kbps IS-95B + 는추가기능을의미 red font 는방송서비스전송속도는물리계층기준 57.6kbps GPRS 153kbps IS-95C cdma2000 Rev0,A,B Fixed Mod (QPSK) Fixed Coding 2.8Mbps WCDMA Release99,R M/153.6k 3G-1x EV-DO AMC(~16QAM) DL hybride-arq Fast Packet Scheduler BCMCS Gold (No AMC, 300Kbps) 3.2M/307K EV-DV cdma2000 Rev C 3.2M/1.8M Rev A EV-DO + 3.2Mbps AMC 추가 + UL hybride-arq + fast RAB -> UL 1.8M 14.4Mbps WCDMA R5 (HSDPA,IMS) 3.2M/1.8M EV-DV cdma2000 RevD BCMCS BCMCS Platinum + OFDM No AMC 1.2Mbps WCDMA R6 HT Excel AMPS TDMA IS-54, kbps EDGE AMC(GMSK,8PSK) 시스템별상이한대역폭과전송속도기준을고려하여참조요망 Fixed Mod (QPSK) Fixed Coding max 384kbps/user data hard handoff ~6Mbps TD-SCDMA TDD, BTS 동기 TDMA+CDMA 1.6Mhz, 1.28Mcps 16 Walsh code baton handoff joint detection Smart antenna + AMC(~16QAM) + hybride-arq + Fast Packet Scheduler + IP 기반멀티미디어 ~20Mbps Wibro + MIMO + MBMS + WLAN 연동 + HSUPA OFDMA-TDD AMC(~64QAM) hybride-arq Fast Packet Scheduler Broadcasting Service 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 3

4 OFDM in Evolution of mobile communication OFDM?? HT Excel OFDM 종류 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 4

5 CDMA 의기본원리 (Down Link) Data Walsh Code Mcps(cdma), 3.84Mcps(WCDMA) Ch 1 Code 1 Spread multiplex scramble Power ( Code ) Ch 2 Code 2 Ch 3 Ch 4 Ch 5 Code 3 Code 4 Code 5 S U M 1.25MHz(cdma) Freq 5 MHz (WCDMA) PN Code Mcps(cdma), 3.84Mcps(WCDMA) Down Link : Walsh Code 에의하여확산처리및채널 ( 통화자 ) 구분, Short PN Code 에의하여기지국구분 Up Link : Long PN Code 에의하여통화자구분 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 5

6 Frequency Frequency 이동통신다중접속기술 (multiple Access) FDMA TDMA Power Power AMPS HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 6 Frequency Time Power (code) Power (Code) Frequency Time Time cdma2000,wcdma GSM HSDPA,TD-SCDMA,

7 EVDO forward link 출력변화 (1) 출력 최대출력 통화채널 제어 / 파이롯 통화채널 제어 / 파이롯 시간 EV-DO 기지국출력 1 slot idle slot gain CDMA 기지국출력 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 7

8 PN code 특성에의한시스템구분 Auto Correlation 내코드를분별하는능력 Cross Correlation 내코드가아님을분별하는능력 다른 PN Code 간에간섭이거의없는특성 Auto Correlation 과 Cross Correlation 특성이우수한 (Gold Code) 많은수의 PN Code 필요많은수의 PN Code 를확보하기위하여는 PN Code 의주기가길어져야함긴주기의많은수의 PN Code 에대한동기절차가너무복잡, 시간소요한정된개수의 PN Code를조합하여여러기지국에서재활용 WCDMA 방식!! Shift 내 PN code 를 shift 시켜 Auto Correlation 시키면우수한 Cross Correlation 특성을나타냄 한개의긴 PN Code 를 Shift 시켜마치다른코드처럼모든기지국에서사용 동기절차매우간략화 ( 한개의코드만사용 ) 모든기지국에서 PN Code 기준시점이시간적으로같아야함 (Shift 의절대기준필요 ) HT Excel GPS 이용하여모든기지국동기화 Qualcomm CDMA 방식!! 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 8

9 동기식 / 비동기식 PNcode P-SCH 로부터추출 10msec 기지국 C PNcode A PNcode B HT Excel 기지국 A serving even_sec ( 매짝수초 ) PNoffset A PNoffset C PNcode 시작점검색범위 (pilot srch window) PNoffset B 기지국 B 26.66msec 짝수초에 75번반복동기식 PNcode 동일한 PNcode 의시작점을달리하여기지국구분 모든기지국동일한 timing 정보 (by GPS) PNcode 시작점검색범위 (pilot srch window) PNcode C random 시작시점비동기식 PNcode 각기다른 Pncode 로서기지국구분 모든기지국제각각시점 (no GPS) 시작시점정보는 P-SCH 로부터쉽게추출 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 9

10 WCDMA 기술의진화 WCDMA R99, R4 WCDMA R5 MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) : 4 개의송수신안테나 MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service) WLAN-UMTS Interworking WCDMA R6 HSDPA AMC : QPSK, 16QAM IMS Phase2 HSUPA for Uplink Hybride ARQ : chase combining, Incremental Redundancy Fast Scheduling (RNC=>BTS, 10msec=>2msec frame), Fast Cell Selection Fast Retransmission (RNC L3 => BTS L1) P29 여러개의 HS-PDSCH 를시분활하여 multi user 할당 P28 빠른 AMC 에의하여 HS-PDSCH 에대한 power control 불필요 up to 15 fixed SF 16 Walsh code for HS-PDSCH, SF 128 for HS-DPCCH Iub interface 효율성증대 HT Excel IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) : SIP signalling 기반 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 10

11 HDSDPA 기본개념 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 11

12 HDSDPA 채널의역활 HS-PDSCH (data) HS-SCCH (h-arq, 변조정보 ) HS-DPCCH(ACK/NACK, CQI) HSDPA channel 역할 HT Excel R99 Retransmission control HSDPA Retransmission control 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 12

13 TD-SCDMA ITU IMT 대표준의하나로서중국의타당과독일의지멘스가주도, 2005년서비스예정 3GPP R4 에서 TDD LCR 로정의 (TDD HCR : 3.8Mcps/5Mhz) TDD / TDMA+CDMA, 16 Walsh Code 1.28Mcps/1.6Mhz BTS 간, Mobile 간시간동기 Smart Antenna Joint Detection Baton Handoff HT Excel TD-SCDMA TDD Frame TD-SCDMA Smart Antenna 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 13

14 DMB 종류별기본특징 S-DAB S-DMB * HT Excel 일부검증되지않은내용이있을수있음 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 14

15 S-DMB 의구성 satellite * 지상 3600Km, 정지위성 * 2004 년 3 월 launching * 일본 Mbco(65%), SKT(35%) 14Ghz,TDM Satellite 2.6Ghz,CDM 12Ghz,TDM Gapfiller * 2630~2655Mhz for SKT 2605~2630 for KT * 6watt/sector * Mhz Symbol rate (½ CC) * 4800 installed * M Symbol rate (½ CC) * CDM, 14 video + 24 Audio * 월사업권 * 2005 년서비스예정 지상송출국 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 15

16 T-DMB 의채널구성 채널의구성 ( 사업자별가변가능 ) 비디오 : 384kbps(or 512kbps, 768kbps) X 1 임베디드오디오BSAC 64kbps(or 96kbps) X 1 오디오 MUSICAM 128kbps(or 196bps) X 3 데이터 32kbps X 3 1.8Mbps Convoutional Code (1/2) + Reed-Solomon Code 데이터압축 Video : MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) <= 한국주도 embedded Audio : MPEC-4 BSAC Audio : MPEG-1 Layer 2 (Musicam) <= 기존 DAB HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 16

17 SFN (Single Frequency Network) Analog Digital (SFN) HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 17

18 OFDM for mobile communication HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 국내 Wibro 표준 => e + 5 가지조건 셀경계에서 60Km/H 이동시 DL 512Kbps, UL 128Kbps 만족 대역폭 9Mhz 이상 사업자간로밍 주파수재활용계수 1 TDD 및사업자간 TDD 동기 18

19 Wimax & Wibro Frequency: 2.5G, 3.5G, 5.8G, Freq: 2.5G, 3.5G, Ch. BW:1.25, 5, 10, 20 MHz WiBro (Korea) Ch. BW: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 MHz Freq: 2.3G Ch. BW: 9MHz Mobility (120km/h) Fixed WiMax (802.16d) Mobile WiMax (802.16e) e Mobility (Handoff & Power Save Mode) MAC d SC OFDM OFDMA HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 19

20 Inter Symbol Interference by frequency selective multipath fading ISI problem moderate serious!! data rate 증가에따라증대되는 ISI 문제점을최소화하기위하여는 equalizer : 주파수대역폭이증가할수록복잡도증가 rake receiver : 다중반사파가많을수록복잡도증가 diversity : time, frequency, space HT Excel longer symbol duration => Multi Carrier modulation 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 20

21 Multi Carrier Modulation (Freq Division Modulation) RF RF 주파수특성 f0 f0 Single carrier modulation deep fading!! frequency selective f0 Flat fading within a carrier!! Serial to Parall el f1 Parall el to Serial RF bandwidth f0 fk 송신부 RF Parall el to Serial f1 Serial to Parall el HT Excel Multi Carrier Modulation fk 수신부 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 21

22 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Fourier Transform : 아날로그신호에대한 Time domain 현상 => Frequency domain 현상 Discrete Frequency Transform (DFT) : 이산신호 ( 샘플링된 ) 에대한 Fourier Transform FFT : DFT 의계산절차를간략화, 곱셈절차 N 2 => N/2*Log 2 N (N:FFT 구간내 sampling 수 ) Frequency Resolution : F(s) / N F(s) : sampling frequency, N:FFT 구간내샘플수 Time Resolution : FFT 구간, (1/F(s))*N amplitude Fourier Transform frequency db scale 위상 HT Excel T Q bps -1/T 1/T Q Hz 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 22

23 OFDM 의기본구성 T IFFT FFT f0 f0 Serial to Parall el f1 Parall el to Serial RF RF Parall el to Serial f1 Serial to Parall el fk fk f k = f 0 + k / T Orthogonal 의근간 OFDM f0 f1 f2 f4 HT Excel 인접 subchannel 최대값과 zero 값이서로교차 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 23

24 WiBro 주요파라미터 -0.5dB symbol energy HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 24

25 OFDM 기술에의한전송방식 HT Excel DAB 반송파간격 /FFT/#of_subch 1/2048/1536, 2/1024/768, 4/512/384, 8/256/192 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 25

26 이동통신무선망진화의주요요소 Tx Diversity Multi Code TDM TDD AMC Hybrid ARQ OFDM 골치아프군 Fast Data Scheduling Smart Antenna Fast Cell Selection MIMO HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 26

27 FDD & TDD for MAC Amplitude Frequency Guard Band Guard Time Tx Band Rx Band Frequency Tx Rx Tx Rx time FDD system 무선망설계용이 상하향비대칭구조구성불가능 Guard Band 에의한주파수효율성감소 TDD system 상하향비대칭구성의용이 매크로셀설계시기지국간시간동기필수 Guard time 에의한전송효율성감소 사업자간넓은 Guard Band 필요 Time delay 에민감 ( 셀반경, 광중계기제약요소 ) 10 msec : Forward Link : Forward or Reverse Link HT Excel WCDMA TDD Frame 구조 ( 상, 하향대역폭할당의융통성 ) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 27

28 WCDMA TDD 동일한주파수에대하여 666.6usec burst 단위의송수신신호절체 WCDMA TDD 는 R99 에서정의된 TDD HCR 방식과 R4 에서추가된 TDD LCR 의두가지방식 R5 에서 HSDPA TDD 방식추가 TDD HCR : 1900~1920Mhz, 5Mhz BW, 3.84Mcps, FDD 방식과동일 TDD LCR : 1900~1920Mhz, 1.6Mhz BW, 1.28Mcps, 중국의 TD-SCDMA 방식과의주파수호환성고려 TDD 방식의장점 주파수효율성증대 TDD 방식의단점 user data 의비대칭성에 adaptive 하게 UL/DL 대역할당가능 FDD Guard Band 불필요, 단 Guard Time 에의한약간의효율성저하 Guard Time 의한계에의한 cell coverage 제한및광중계기사용의제약점발생 GT 96chips(25usec) 기준 cell 반경 3.75Km(=25ux0.3k/usec%2) 을넘을수없음 ( 단말기 delay 제외 ) 셀반경확장및광중계기고려 Node-B 에서의 time advance 기능 optional 정의 송수신신호충돌방지를위하여기지국간시간동기필수 송수신신호불연속에따른 audiable interference 발생 HT Excel HSDPA TDD 방식국채과제로 LG 전자에서개발중 (2004.7~ ) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 28

29 QPSK to 64QAM 90 o 90 o 90 o 0 o 0 o 0 o 2 bit / 1 modulation_symbol 반송파의한번의위상변화 ( 변조 ) 에의하여 2bit 의데이터전송 3 bit / 1 modulation_symbol 4 bit / 1 modulation_symbol => QPSK 에비하여 2배의전송효율, 크기의변화에의하여도정보가표현되기에앰프의높은선형성이요구됨 higher data rate more sensitive to noise, fading Better Phase noise, EVM, Frequency Error H/W performance required!! 변조방식 BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 64QAM HT Bit/symbol 1bit 2bit 3bit 4bit 6bit Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 29

30 AMC ( Adaptive Modulation & Coding ) QPSK,1/2 153k QPSK,1/2 153k QPSK,1/2 153k QPSK,1/2 153k No AMC 16QAM,1/2 1.22M 64QAM,4/5 19M 16QAM,2/3 2.4M QPSK,4/5 307k 8PSK,2/3 921k QPSK,1/5 38k AMC 모든 user 는전파상태를 BTS 에빠른빈도로보고의무 CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) DRC (Data Rate Control) of EVDO No AMC data scheduler 에서도전파상태수시보고의무 Periodic Forward Power control 설정 (cdma2000) 64QAM 5/6CC Wibro EVDO Rev_A 16QAM 1/2CC EVDO 16QAM 1/3CC QPSK 1/5CC 시스템 현재 (KTF) 기능 cdma frame (200msec) 가변, L3 periodic forward power control 기능을이용 EVDO 2 slot (3.33msec) 가변, L1 DRC value WCDMA R99 L3 메시지를통한보고기능 HT Excel HSDPA 2msec L1 CQI 단말기에서의전파상태보고기능 출력,rate,CC-거리평균 through 그림 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 30

31 주기적전파상태보고 (cdma2000) cdma2000 에서 1x data 접속시패킷스캐줄러동작을위한단말기전파상태를보고받기위하여 2G의주기단위순방향전력제어기능을이용하는메시지의예를설명 1x data 접속후전력제어메시지에의하여 10 frame 단위 2G 순방향전력제어보고를지정, 단말기는프레임에러발생여부와무관하게 10 frame 단위로자신의 FER,Ec/Io 정보를반복적으로올리고있음을나타냄 RF scheduler 를위하여 10 개프레임 HT Excel 단위로 PMRM 레포트를하세요 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 31

32 AMC 의실제구성 Data rate modulation type time slot.... DRC value Pilot C/I to DRC value Data AP Data Rate Rate Mod type (Kbps) /5 QPSK /5 QPSK /5 QPSK /5 QPSK /3 QPSK /3 QPSK /3 QPSK /3 QPSK /3 8-PSK /3 8-PSK /3 16-QAM /3 16-QAM Pilot Ch C/I (db) DRC (Kbps) > EVDO AMC Wibro DL AMC HT Excel HSDPA AMC EDGE AMC 평균 through 그림 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 32

33 R99, R5 data throughput (DL 기준 ) SF16 P81 2bit/sym x 1/2 CC => 1bit/symbol 전송 DPDCH+DPCCH, DPDCH 제외시 456k, 오버헤드제외시 384k (user rate, 현재단말기에서지원하는최대속도 ) 960k 에서 DPCCH 제외한 rate P24 SF? P21 SF? P93 규격상 SF4~256 가변 규격상 SF16 고정 R99 SF4 1 code R99 SF8 1 code R5 5 codes R5 10 codes R5 15 codes A ( = D*C ) 2.808M 3.192M 14.4M 14.4M 14.4M B 2.808M 3.192M 4.8~7.2M 4.8~7.2M 4.8~7.2M C 3 명 7 명 3 명 1.5 명 1 명 D 936k 456k (384k) 4.8M 9.6M 14.4M E 936k 456k 1.6~2.4M 3.2~4.8M 4.8~7.2M A. best total throughput (best SNR 기준, 음성배제모든자원데이터할당기준 ) B. average total throughput ( 통화자셀내균등분포기준 ) C. 동시서비스가능한통화자수 ( 스트리임기준, 음성제외한이론적최대치 ) D. 통화자 peak throughput (best SNR 기준 ) E. 통화자평균 throughput ( 통화자셀내균등분포기준 ) Ave Thr P85 HT Excel 4bit/sym x 4/4 CC => 4bit/symbol 전송 2bit/sym x 1/4 CC => 0.5bit/symbol 전송 News P61 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 33

34 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 34

35 FEC (Forwad Error Correcting) * low rate data * high rate data Convolutional Coding Turbo Coding HT Excel Convolutional Code : scatted 형태의 error 에대한대표적 FEC 코드 <= 무선환경 Reed Solomon Code : burst 형태의 error 에대한대표적 FEC 코드 <= 유선환경 Channel Coding Rate : user data 에대한에러정정용redundancy data 의비율 ex) 4/5 CC : 4bit data 전송을위하여 1bit 의 redundancy 추가전송 <= Good RF condition 1/5 CC : 1bit data 전송을위하여 4bit 의 redundancy 추가전송 <= Bad RF condition 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 35

36 ARQ (Automatic Repeat request) 수신단에서전송에러의유무를 CRC를이용점검 정상수신여부회신 : ACK 비정상수신여부회신 : NAK 송신측 : ACK 신호수신 Time Out 되거나 NAK 수신시재전송 프로토콜, 지연, 패킷사이즈, 패킷수, 버퍼크기등에의하여 throughput 크게영향 cdma2000 layer 2 메시지 : MSG_SEQ, ACK_SEQ, ACK_REQ burst error 형태의유선환경 : TCP Scatted Error 형태의무선환경 : RLP TCP 프레임 RLP 프레임 error!! error!! error!! error!! TCP 와 RLP : error 에의하여재전송이요구되는프레임 Application TCP/UDP IP PPP RLP MAC 1x PHY Cdma2000 계층구조에서의 ARQ HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 36

37 Hybride-ARQ ARQ 와FEC 의조합에의한에러정정 높은초기 FER 값설정에의한전력효율성증대 => 통화용량, throughput 증대 Ex) 초기 target FER 0.1% => 5%, H-ARQ 에의한에러정정 Chase combining : 에러가발생한프레임을폐기하지않고재전송프레임과 combining Incremental Redundancy : 재전송시마다채널코딩이득을점차증가시켜재전송 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 1/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet 2/3 CC packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet packet HT Excel packet packet packet 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 37

38 IS-95A, B, C 에서의데이터전송구조 Forward Link Traffic Ch 9.6K(14.4K) 최대 9,6K(14.4Kbps) Reverse Link Traffic Ch 9.6K(14.4K) IS-95A 데이타전송구조 ( 괄호안은 Rate Set 2) Fundamental Ch 14.4K Supplemental Ch 14.4K Supplemental Ch 14.4K 최대 57,6Kbps 최대 14.4Kbps Traffic Ch 14.4K Supplemental Ch 14.4K IS-95B 데이타전송구조 ( 규격상에는 Forward Supplemental Ch 7 개까지정의, 최대 115.2kbps Reverse link 에도 Supplemental Ch 정의 ) Fundamental Ch 14.4K Supplemental Ch 307.2K 최대 307.2Kbps 최대 153.6Kbps Fundamental Ch 14.4K Supplemental Ch 153.6K HT Excel IS-95C 데이타전송구조 (SR1, RC3 기준 ) ( 규격상에는 Forward Supplemental Ch 2 개까지정의, 최대 2.034Mbps) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 38

39 Bit Energy 의기본개념 rssi = -80dBm analog signal rssi = -86dBm 100kbps, rssi = -80dBm Eb=-80dBm/100kbp=-120dBm/bit 10kbps, rssi = -86dBm Eb=-86dBm/10kbp=-116dBm/bit 데이터수신품질은수신세기가아닌 bit energy 에의하여결정!! 무선데이터의통달거리를늘리려면?? 1) 출력을올린다 HT Excel 2) Data rate 를낮춘다 => bit energy 증가 3) 잡음에대한내성을증가시킨다 => Channel Coding Gain 증가 => 전송속도감소 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 39

40 음성과데이터전송의차이점 0.3 W / Tr_Ch 1.1 W / Tr_Ch Ec/Io = -3 db Ec/Io = -12 db more expensive mobile!!! RF 환경에따른음성통화용량변화 (by FPC) 음성통신은전파환경이열악한가입자라도최대한 RF power 를할당하여품질을유지시켜야만함 기지국최대출력 (16 watt) Overhead 채널출력 (5.3 watt) 0.3 1wW / Tr_Ch +4.8 db Paging 1.3 W Synch 0.4 W Pilot 3.6 W 무통화시 Ec/Io = -3 db Traffic N 약 0.2~2 W Traffic 2 Traffic 1 Paging Synch Pilot 최대통화시 Overhead 채널들을제외한전력을다수의통화채널이 FPC 및 RF Scheduler algorithm 에따라할당하여사용 average throughput = 100 kbps amplitude Eb = 2 x τ/2 2 τ/2 Eb = 1 x τ 1 τ time RF resource 를절약하기위하여는데이터속도를낮추어적은 HTRF power 에서도동일한비트에너지 (Eb) 를유지하도록함. Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 0.3 1wW / Tr_Ch Ec/Io = -12 db average throughput = 33 kbps slower speed!!! RF 환경에따른데이터속도변화 (by QoS) 전파환경이않좋은가입자에게는저속으로속도를낮추어 RF resource 활용도를극대화시킴 (RF Scheduler 의기본개념 ) 40

41 음성과데이터전송의차이점 (2) 데이터수신품질은수신세기가아닌 bit energy 에의하여결정!! 통달거리를늘리려면?? 1) 출력을올린다 HT Excel 2) Data rate 를낮춘다 => bit energey 증가 3) 잡음에대한내성을증가시킨다 => Channel Coding Gain 증가 => 전송속도감소 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 41

42 Example of RF scheduler for data service P Ec/Io = -3dB rate = 100kbps Average throughput = 100 kbps 1) one mobile data service time RF Scheduler 의일반적기준 음성호및핸드오프요청에대하여우선 RF power 를할당함 RF 환경이양호한가입자에게더많은 RF power (Time slot) 를할당함 P P Ec/Io = -3dB, rate = 50kbps Ec/Io = -3dB, rate = 50kbps 2) two mobile data service Ec/Io = -3dB, rate = 33kbps Ec/Io = -9dB, rate = 33kbps 3) two mobile data service Average throughput = 50 kbps time Average throughput = 33 kbps time Que 상에대기중인데이타가많은가입자에게더많은 RF power (Time slot) 를할당함 데이터전송요구가처리되지않고여러번지연된가입자에게더많은 RF powr (Time slot) 를할당함. P Ec/Io = -3dB, rate = 50kbps Ec/Io = -9dB, rate = 25kbps 4) two mobile data service Average throughput = 37.5 kbps time P HT Excel Ec/Io = -3dB, rate = 75kbps Ec/Io = -9dB, rate = 17kbps 5) two mobile data service Average throughput = 46 kbps time 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 42

43 속도요소 Forward Link Data Throughput 결정요소 가용한 HPA 출력범위내에서무선데이터접속중인다른가입자와의속도를고려하여속도를제어!!! HPA 나 BTS HPA!!! 나는 20W 급인데지금 12W 사용중!! 나머지파워를고려하여데이터속도를제어하세요. Data Throughput 나의 Ec/Io, FER 는... 내무선품질현황에따라가용한 HPA 출력범위내에서데이터속도를제어하세요!!! 데이터채널은 RF power 를너무많이차지하기때문에소프트핸드오프는불가!! 하드핸드오프만가능, 그러면핸드오프시속도가떨어지지않을까? HT Excel 아무래도음성가입자에게 HPA 출력을먼저할당하는것이당연하겠지... 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 43

44 Measured Forward Link Data Throughput of cdma-2000 C 속도측정 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 44

45 Measured EV-DO forward data throughput HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 45

46 EVDO cdma2000 Hybride mode 시험환경 : C/I>10 db area, 2 E1 IMA 기능, 100 회반복측정 DO_avg DO_only Slot1 Slot1_avg Slot2 Slot2_avg 출처 : KTF 무선품질기술팀 Hybride mode 에서 cdma2000 slot_cycle_index 에따른 data throughput 변화 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 46

47 OVSF 의기본개념 30kbps +-30khz 30k x 128chips = mhz +-480khz 480kbps W128 This is symbol rate, not data rate WCDMA DL 은 QPSK 변조, 한 bit 의심볼에의하여 2bits 의데이터가전송됨. 따라서 data rate 환산시는 960kbps (CC 前 ) W8 Spread code, channelization code 동일한대역폭 (+-3.84mhz) 으로의확산효과를위하여는심볼레이트에따라왈쉬코드길이가가변적으로변화하여야함 960kbps 960kbps I path Channel 1920kbps Coding (½) W4 3.84mcps 규격상의표현은 Cch,4,1 (4chip 길이왈쉬코드의 1st 코드 ) 3.84mcps HT Excel DL 기준 spread code channelization code Q path 960kbps W4 3.84mcps PNcode scramble code 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 47

48 cdma2000 데이터전송 QPSK Radio Configuration, 호접속시설정 RC SR 데이터속도 (bps), FEC, 일반적인특징 , 2400, 4800, 9600 부호화율 R=1/2, BPSK, pre-spreading 심볼 , 3600, 7200, 부호화율 R=1/2, BPSK, pre-spreading 심볼 , 2700, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 76800, R=1/4 QPSK pre-spreading, OTD HT , 2700, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 76800, , 부호화율 R=1/2, QPSK pre-spreading, OTD Excel , 3600, 7200, 14400, 28800, 57600, , 부호화율 R=1/4, QPSK pre-spreading, OTD 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 48

49 cdma2000 OVSF 코드트리 ( 실제시스템기준 ) SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8 SF=16 SF=32 SF= HT Excel cdma2000 RC3 each SCH 307.2K (153.6K) RC4 each SCH 307.2K (307.2K) Symbol rate User rate 307.2k x 2bit/sym x 1/4CC => 153.6k 307.2k x 2bit/sym x 1/2CC => 307.2k 64chip walsh code 체계에서 RC k 은동시 2 명까지만가능하며이때음성통화최대채널수는 29 채널이가능함 => 64-3 (pilot+syn+pag) - 2x16 (2 SF4 for data) SF : Spreading Factor OVSF : Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor. 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 49

50 R99 & HDSDPA 데이터전송 (1) 동기식표현으로서비동기식표현은 Cch,16,2 14.4M = 420k x 4bit/sym x 15code x 4/4CC HT Excel WCDMA R99 전송속도 HSDPA 최대전송속도 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 50

51 R99 & HSDPA OVSF 코드트리 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 51

52 R99 WCDMA 데이터전송 Down Link Up Link HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 52

53 HSDPA 단말기 category HT Excel Max data rate with 15 codes 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 53

54 방식별코드할당구조 IS-95A,B cdma2000, WCDMA (OVSF) EVDO (TDM) HT Excel HSDPA, EVDV (TDM over CDMA) TD-SCDMA (multi code TDM) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 54

55 Smart Antenna, MIMO 정밀한위상제어를위하여는대역폭이좁을수록, FDD 보다는 TDD 가유리 Smart antenna Tx Rx Vector Encoder Tx Tx Rx Rx Vector Decoder Tx Rx HT Excel MIMO 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 55

56 Adaptive Antenna (of wcdma) 여러개의 Secondaray Common Pilot Ch 을각각의 narrow beam 으로송신 (Switched Beam Forming) 단말은각각의 S-CPICH 신호의 SIR 을 RNC 로송신 RNC 는 SIR 이가장우수한 S-CPICH beam 방향으로 DCH 를 Beamforming Sector Beam : P-CPICH, P-CCPCH, SCH, AICH, PICH Directional Beam : DPCH, PDSCH, S-CPICH, HS-SCCH, HS-PDSCH 여러개의 S-CPICH 에할당되는기지국출력의효율성검증필요 이론적이득은 10*Log(m), m= 안테나엘레먼트수 R99, R5, R6 에서단계적구체화 400 HT Excel % (capacity gain no of ant element per sector Simulation 결과 (60% other cell interference) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 56

57 Tx Diversity 기본개념 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 57

58 Tx Antenna Diversity 13,11,9,7,5,3,1 14,12,10,8,6,4,2 Open Loop OTD (Orthogonal Tx Diversity) Open Loop STTD (Space Time Tx Diversity) P-CPICH 에사용된심볼과다른심볼시퀀스로서정의 SF256, 심볼속도 15kbps 단말기에도달하는 Tx_A, Tx_B 신호가 (Primary CPICH, diversity CPICH) 최대한직교성을유지하도록 UL DCH 의 FBI 를이용 Tx_B DCH 신호의위상과크기를제어 Closed Loop STTD (Space Time Tx Diversity) 중계기이슈발생 slot1 slot2 slot3 slot14 HT Excel P-SCH, S-SCH 신호를 Tx A, Tx B 안테나를통하여슬롯단위 (0.667msec) 로교차송신 TSTD (Time Switched Tx Diversity) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 58

59 HSDPA 투자의효율성 => LPA 투자의효율성 HPA 기술의진화 디지털 LPA : DPD (Digital PreDistortion) CFR (Crust Factor Reduction) for less PAPR LPA Narrow Band LPA Doherty HPA OBSAI (Open BaseStation Architecture Interface) Narrow Band LPA Feed Forward LPA 의대역폭을제한함으로서앰프 Cost down HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 59

60 HPA 의선형화기법 output Predistortion Linearizer A 급또는 AB 급 HPA Digital DPD LPA input input input PreDistortion 선형화기법 주파수 delay coupler Main Amp delay Error Amp HT Excel Feed Forward 선형화기법 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 60

61 CFR (Crust Factor Reduction) 기법 rho, EVM 규격내에서피크파워를강제로제거하여 LPA 부담 (Cost) 을줄여줌 규격내에서변조성능저하필연적 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) : 100번에 1번피크파워포기시 0.1% ex) 12dB PAPR, rho 0.96 without CFR => 8dB PAPR with CFR, rho 0.92 ( if rho 규격 > 0.92 ) CFR DAC CFR 의구성 9.6dB 8.4dB 12.56dB CFR 에의한피크파워제거의예 HT Excel 6.7dB 6.33dB PAPR 측정의예 9.6dB 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 61

62 Release 6 HSUPA 20 Noise Rise (db) capacity limitation probability RNC scheduling Node B scheduling Noise rise (db) % 20% 40% 60% 80% 99% pole capacity 대비부하율 overload threshold dynamic control over the UL air interface UL noise rise 에대한빠른resource 관리 (scheduling) UL noise rise 임계값에서최대한동작하도록 scheduling faster retransmission & noise rise management UL hybride_arq at Node-B UL scheduling 을 RNC => Nobe B 로이전 more UL capacity (50~70%) and throughput improved peak rate (1~5Mbps using 5 codes) HT Excel :00 0:46 1:32 2:19 3:05 3:51 4:37 5:24 6:10 6:56 7:43 8:29 9:15 10:01 10:48 11:34 12:20 13:07 13:53 14:39 15:25 16:12 16:58 17:44 18:30 19:17 20:03 20:49 21:36 22:22 23:08 23:54 cdma 기지국 Noise Rise 실측예 reduced latency (30~50 msec) higher order modulation (QPSK, 8PSK) 현재시스템지원 UL throughput 은최대 384kbps 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 62

63 Measured EV-DO reverse data throughput HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 63

64 핸드오프 (1) 동기식핸드오프 (Soft Handoff) => 인접셀 Pilot Ch Ec/Io 검색 현재 Ec/Io 가 t_add 이상이면 soft add 현재 Ec/Io 가 t_drop 이하를 t_tdrop 시간지속시 soft drop 동기식핸드오프 (Dynamic Soft Handoff) => 인접셀 Pilot Ch Ec/Io 검색 기존 Soft Handoff 의비효율성개선 ( 핸드오프발생율감소 ) 현재 Ec/Io 보다어느정도 ( add_intercept ) 더좋아야 soft add 현재 Ec/Io 보다어느정도 ( drop_intercept ) 더나쁨이 t_tdrop 지속되야 soft drop serving cell target cell 현재 Ec/Io 값에대하여위의두파라미터에대한 weighting factor 파라미터 => soft_slop 비동기식핸드오프 => 인접셀 P-CPICH Ec/Io 현재 best Ec/Io 보다어느정도 ( -Reporting_range+Hysteresis_enent1A, window_add ) 더좋음이 t (time to trigger) 시간지속되어야 soft add 현재 best Ec/Io 보다어느정도 ( -Reporting_range-Hysteresis_enent1B, window_drop) 더나쁨이 t (time to trigger) 시간지속되어야 soft drop active PN 중 Ec/Io 가가장나쁜것보다어느정도 (Hysteresis_event1C) 더좋으면그것과교체 ( active PN 갯수가최대로사용되고있을때 ) HS-DSCH (HSDPA) 에서현재 Ec/Io 보다어느정도더좋음이 (Hysteresis_event1D) 일정시간지속시 HT Excel Hard handoff 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 64

65 Compressed Mode cdma2000 enhanced FA hard handoff 에서보더셀에서의 throughput 저하보완방법 inter-system, inter-mode, inter-fa 핸드오프시 throughput 저하를보상 more power 할당이어려운 cell edge 에위치할경우에는큰효과가없음 기지국 or/and 단말기에서의적용 2 ~ 4dB mobile power up required HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 65

66 방식별핸드오프비교 soft R99 hard 1x data SSDT C HSDPA EVDO HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 66

67 DTX and Continuous mode Power variation of Traffic Ch variable vocoder HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 67

68 Rev Tx wave Reverse Link Continuous Wave form & Coherent 1/2 rate full rate 1/8 rate Tx on/off 문제점해결 IS-95A,B Tx Gating Continuous Wave Tx * Tx on/off by voice rate every 1.25msec * on/off 에의한전자파장애발생 * on/off 에의한제어신호전달시간지연 * Battery 수명감소문제점 Random Rate Data Repeated & Burst Randomized Data 통화시간증대필요 특정채널 Gating * 1/8 rate FCH gating for voice * DCCH pilot gating * Access Ch preamble gating Amplitude scaling 1 frame (16 PCG),20 msec 1/8 rate 1/2 rate pilot + full rate fundamental Ch pilot + 1/8 rate fundamental Ch 1 PCG HT Excel 2G 에서의단말기송신출력 3G 에서의단말기송신출력 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 68

69 UL/DL Dedicated Channel 666usec (2560 chips) UL DPDCH DATA I path BPSK 666usec (2560 chips) UL DPCCH PILOT TFCI FBI TPC Q path BPSK DATA TPC TFCI DATA PILOT I/Q QPSK UL DCH DL DPCH msec 10msec Transmit Format Combination Indicator Feed Back Information Transmit Power Control 현재 DPDCH 의확산및변조, 채널코딩정보 closed loop tx diversity 를위한단말기수신전파상태정보 전력제어정보 Pilot 신호 변조, 확산의구조 UL 앰프효율극대화 Audioble Interference 최소화 DL PAPR 최소화 변조방식 BPSK QPSK HT 물리채널의구조 DPCCH I path BPSK DPDCH Q path BPSK 한개의왈쉬코드에서 DPCCH 와 DPDCH 시분활 Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 69

70 Power Control (1) FER >Targer_FER >Targer_Eb/No Mobile moving Eb/No up/down Outer Loop Power Control Power up/down Closed Loop Power Control HT Excel Eb/No 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 70

71 Power Control (2) Forward Power Control (PMRM or EIB) 제어국 FER 측정 기지국 Digital Gain Eb/No 비교기 Forward Power Control (PCB) 이동국 Eb/No 비교기 FER 측정 Eb/No 값지정 Outer Loop Power Control 출력가변감쇄기 RSSi측정 Eb/No 값지정 Outer Loop Power Control Closed Loop Power Control (PCB) Open Loop Power Control (RSSI) IS95A cdma2000 EVDO WCDMA Power Control Step 1dB 1/0.5/0.25dB 1dB 1dB 제어기준 / 제어속도 DL UL Inner loop Outer loop closed loop FER / l0hz 이하 없음 Eb/No / 800Hz Eb/No / 800Hz FER / 100Hz 이하 Eb/No / 800Hz 없음 없음 Eb/No / 800Hz Eb/No / 1500Hz FER / 100Hz 이하 Eb/No / 1500Hz Outer loop FER / 100Hz 이하 FER / 100Hz 이하 FER / 100Hz 이하 FER / 100Hz 이하 제어대상 DL Traffic Ch Fundamental Ch Supplemental Ch 없음 DPDCH, DPCCH UL Traffic Ch Mobile Tx power ( 모든채널공통 ) Mobile Tx power ( 모든채널공통 ) Mobile Tx power ( 모든채널공통 ) HT Excel 기타 Open loop + closed loop for UL Open loop + closed loop for UL Open loop + closed loop for UL closed loop only for UL 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 71

72 Reverse Access Ch power variation (IS95A & cdma2000) 접속되지않은호의 Access Ch Power 측정 기지국에서최소수신전력보다큰 3 번의엑세스 Probe 신호수신을실패후엑세스신호를수신한경우 HT Excel Call Setup 시의단말기출력측정 (IS95A) Call Setup 시의단말기출력측정 (cdma200) 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 72

73 Increased Reverse Link Interference by Excess power of Access Ch Access Ch Traffic Ch Rx Level at BTS Rx Path Acc Ch excess power >> Interference to reverse link Messured 1x Mobile Tx power HT Excel -112 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 73 0:00 0:49 1:38 2:27 3:16 4:05 4:54 5:43 6:32 7:21 8:10 8:59 9:48 10:38 11:27 12:16 13:05 13:54 14:43 15:32 16:21 17:10 17:59 18:48 19:37 20:26 21:15 22:04 22:53 23:42

74 Burst Packet 데이터전송효율성증대 (1) Acc 진화 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 74

75 UL PRACH & CPCH (of wcdma) 수십 msec 1msec time time Ack from Paing Ch Cdma2000 Random Access Node-B 에서의 preamble 수신이확인된 (from AICH) 후메시지 probe 를전송 메시지분리에따른접속실패 probe 의전송시간을단축 => UL interference 감소 여러프레임메시지전송시 CPCH 로전송 CPCH 는 PRACH 기능에메시지전송에대한충돌감시및충돌방지기능, 폐루프전력제어기능추가 Ack from AICH WCDMA Random Access (PRACH) closed loop power control no soft handoff, no compress mode time Ack Ack from CPCH CD/CA-ICH from CPCH AP-AICH HT Excel WCDMA UL CPCH 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 75

76 Guard Time of TDD GPS 시간 Satellite 단말기에서의최소송수신절체시간 전파의속도 3.3usec/Km RN 기지국송신프레임기준시간 (GPS 시간 ) 송수신기준시간오차 ( 충돌방지를위한최소 TTG Guard Time) 기지국수신기준시간 Satellite time delay (3usec/km) 기지국 -> 단말기전파전파 delay 단말기 delay 단말기 -> 기지국전파전파 delay 시간 TTG RTG usec 40.4 usec TDD HPI system HT Excel TTG : Tx to rx Transition Guard time RTG : Rx to tx Transition Guard time 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 76

77 Guard Time of Wibro TDD Repeater GI repeater P17 HT Excel repeater_air_delay) 121.2us (TTG) > 2 x (optic_cable_delay + repeater_delay + + repeater_delay_adjust + AT_delay 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 77

78 OFDM 구성의예 100Kbps ( 유효심볼구간 10usec) Guard Interval 유효심볼구간 FFT 구간 10Mbps 100Khz 간격 F0(100.0Mhz) Guard Interval (20% of symbol) 100Kbps ( 유효심볼구간 8usec) Serial to Parallel F1(100.1Mhz) Parallel to Serial RF 125Khz 간격 F0(100.0Mhz) F99(109.9Mhz) 10Mbps F1( Mhz) FFT 구성의예 (Guard Time 제외 ) FFT 구성의예 (Guard Time 포함 ) HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 78

79 OFDM 의기본원리와 PAPR 문제점 T (symbol duration) f1 Serial to Parallel f2 Parallel to Serial f3 모든 subchannel 들은 같은위상과크기 변조심볼에정수배의주기 T (symbol duration) f4 모든 subchannel 들은 symbol duration 의역수 (1/T) 간격으로배치 1/T 의정수배마다 zero 최대값에서인접 subcarrier 값은 zero (ICI free) PAPR 문제점발생 f0 f1 f2 f4 f1 HT Excel f2 f3 f4 f1+f2+f3+f4 Time domain 파형 frequency domain 파형 1/T 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 79

80 What is PAPR?? PAPR : Peak to Average Power Ratio PAPR 값은반드시 time domain 통계적근거를바탕으로표현 ex) 100번에 1번피크파워포기시 0.1% PAPR PAPR 목표값은 amplitude linearity, 변조특성 (EVM, rho), IMD (ACLR, ACPR) 특성과깊은연관성 higher PAPR => LPA cost 상승 => RAS cost 상승 시간축상에서의 Average Power 와 Peak Power 의예 9.6dB 8.4dB 12.56dB HT Excel 6.7dB 6.33dB 9.6dB % 에따른PAPR 값변화실측값의예 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 80

81 How to decrease PAPR?? Coding method using FEC Symbol scrabling non-linear distortion 방식 peak clipping (at LPA ) => 필연적 IMD 증가, EVM, rho 특성저하 peak cancelation (before LPA, baseband) => no IMD 증가, EVM, rho 특성저하 CFR(Crust Factor Reduction) 방식 : rho, EVM 규격내에서피크파워를강제로제거 ex) 12dB PAPR, rho 0.96 without CFR => 8dB PAPR with CFR, rho 0.92 ( if rho 규격 >0.92 ) CFR DAC CFR 의구성 HT Excel CFR 에의한피크파워제거의예 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 81

82 IMD3 increse by PAPR reduction HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 82

83 ISI 방지를위한 Guard Interval delay symbol delay speread 신호에의하여 ISI 발생 delayed symbol time delay 최대값보다크게 guard time 설정 guard interval 보다 delay spread 가크지 않으면 ISI 발생치않음 guard interval 만큼전송효율성저하 delayed subchannel ISI 발생구간 delay HT Excel guard interval FFT interval OFDM symbol duration ISI free!! 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 83

84 Cyclic Prefix 에의한 ICI & ISI 제거 subchannel #n delayed subchannel #n+1 ICI 증가 Orthogonality loss!! 인접 subcarrier delay 된신호의 guard interval 신호와내신호간에 orthogonality 손실발생 orthogonality 손실에의한 ICI 증가발생 ICI 증가를방지하기위하여 FFT interval 뒷부분 신호를복사하여앞부분 guard interval 에삽입함 으로서 ICI 증가현상방지가능 cyclic prefix Cyclic Prefix 에의한 ISI & ICI 동시제거 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 84

85 Cyclic Prefix HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 85

86 Delay spread 신호에의한성상도변화 Guard Interval 을초과하는 delay spread 신호에의한 16QAM 성상도변화 a) delay_srpead < guard_interval b) dealy_spread > guard_interval by 3% of FFT interval c) dealy_spread > guard_interval by 10% of FFT interval HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 86

87 Optic repeater 에의한 Guard Interval 의영향 GT repeater P5 Satellite TD repeater P35 전파의속도 3usec/K m 전파의속도 3usec/K m 광중계기 기지국송신기준시간 (GPS 시간 ) 기지국 -> 단말기전파전파 delay 광케이블전파속도 5use c/k m HPI (CP 12.8usec) max allowable Time_difference 시간 기지국 -> 중계기광케이블 delay 중계기 delay 평균 2 배 x ( 기지국 _ 중계기거리 ) 중계기 -> 단말기전파전파 delay 기지국신호의다중반사파에의한 delay spread 중계기에의하여확대된 delay spread time HT Excel rx_time_difference + repeater_delay_spread < Tcp 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 87

88 Ranging for UL Cyclic Prefix FFT interval ISI ranging D no ISI!! D 임의의거리에위치한모든단말기로부터 BTS 에도착하는 Symbol 들간에 ISI 가발생치않도록 모든단말기의송신 timing 을제어 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 88

89 OFDM 의구조와장단점 구조및장점 광대역주파수채널을다수의협대역채널로쪼개어사용 고속의전송심볼을다수의협대역 subcarrier 로저속병렬전송 각 subcarrier 에대하여낮은심볼레이트전송 frequency selective wideband channel => 다수의 frequency nonselective narrowband channel subcarrier 간직교성에의한주파수중복배열 => frequency efficiency 증대 저속의전송심볼 => longer duration/symbol => lower ISI => multipath fading 에강한구조 ISI & ICI 제거기술 by guard interval & cyclic prefix subcarrier 별 equalizer 구조간단 ( 대역폭축소에의한 ) VLSI 기술발달에의한 FFT 구현 => 상대적간단한송수신구조 단점 subcarrier 주파수간격, 기준클럭정밀도, phase noise 등에민감한구조 사업자간충분한가드대역이요구됨 (TDD 시스템에서의문제점 ) subcarrier 수에따라선형적으로증가하는 PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) High cost LPA, ADC, DAC 복잡도증가요인 HT Excel clipping, peak windowing, peak cancellation, 피크심볼제거후 FEC, symbol scrambling 등의방식으로 PAPR 값을낮춤 FA 핸드오프의효율성?? => 투자비비효율성유발가능성 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 89

90 OFDM 무선구간의고려요소 OFDM 무선구간의고려요소 target maximum throughput number of subcarrier FFT interval guard interval symbol duration ( FFT_interval + guard interval ) subcarrier spacing ( 1/ symbol_duration ) modulation type and channel coding per subcarrier available bandwidth ( #_of_subchannel x subchannel_spacing ) tolerable delay spread ( x 4 => guard_interval ) doppler spread PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) ( depend on #_of_subchannel ) guard time of TDD (depend on cell coverage ) HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 90

91 OFDM 주요파라미터산출 요구되는조건 (example) 전송속도 : 20 Mbps 허용지연확산 : 200 ns 대역폭 < 15 Mhz 16QAM, 1/2 coding rate 관련파라미터산출 guard interval 은 delay spread rms 값의 4배정도로설정 => 800 ns guard interval 에의한심볼의 SNR 값저하를 1dB 이내로유지하기위하여는심볼길이를 guard interval 의5배이상이되도록설정 => symbol duration = 4000 ns 한개의심볼당전송되어야할데이터비트수는 20 Mbps / (1 / 4000 ns) = 80 bit / 심볼 16QAM 은 4 bit / 변조심볼, 1 /2 coding rate 에의하여유효한전송데이터는 2 bit / 변조심볼따라서 80 bit / 심볼을전송하기위하여는 40 개의 subcarrier 이필요 subcarrier 간격은 FFT 구간의역수, FFT 구간은 symbol duration 에서 guard interval 제외한구간. 따라서 subcarrier 간격 = 1 / ( ns ) = Khz HT Excel 필요한전체대역폭은 Khz x 40 => 12.5 Mhz 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 91

92 OFDM 의다중화방식 OFDMA g,a MC-CDMA frash OFDM HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 92

93 OFDMA 기본개념 한개또는여러개의 subcarrier 를특정가입자에게할당 전체 subcarrier를여러가입자가분활하여사용 가입자별좋은특성을갖는 subcarrier 들을선정하여할당 할당방식 무작위할당방식 일부구간씩분활하거나 interleave 순서로할당방식 Adaptive 할당방식 ( 각 subcarrier 특성에대한피드백정보를바탕 ) FH-OFDMA (frash OFDM) 특정통화자의몇몇 subcarrier 이 deep fading 에빠지지않토록 subcarrier 을 hopping 하여할당 특정 subcarrier 에걸린 deep fading 과 interference 를평균화시키는효과 인접셀의 subcarrier 할당과직교성을갖도록하여인접셀로부터의 inband interference 를최소화 AMC-OFDMA 전력제어, subcarrier 할당, 변조기법등이 subcarrier 의전파상태에따라동적으로결정되는방식 ( 각 subcarrier 특성에대한피드백정보와통화자별 QoS, Priority 등을바탕으로결정 ) 각 subcarrier 전파특성에대한피드백정보증가로인한채널효율성감소 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 93

94 OFDM 방식의최대전송속도 (1) a 의예 52 subcarrier (48 traffic + 4 pilot), Khz subcarrier 간격 대역폭 = Khz x 52 subchannel = MHz modulation symbol rate = x (FFT_interval ) / (guard_interval + FFT_interval) = 250 kbps for max throughput, 64QAM modulation, 3/4 convolutional coding 최대전송속도 = modulation_symbol_rate x ( no_of_data / modulation_symbol ) x no_of_traffic_subcarrier x channel_coding_efficiency fresh OFDM 의예 = 250Kbps x 6bit x 48 x 3/4 = 54Mbps 113 subcarrier, Khz subcarrier 간격 FFT 구간 : usec (128 sample), Cyclic prefix : usec (16 sample ) sampling rate : 14.4 MHz FFT frequency resolution = Fs / ( FFT 구간 + Cyclic prefix ) = 1.44 M / 128 = Khz modulation symbol rate = subchannel 간격 x FFT_ 구간 / (FFT_ 구간 + cyclic prefix) = Khz x / (100) = 10 Kbps 대역폭 = Khz x 113 subcarrier = Mhz for max throughput, 16QAM modulation, 5/6 LDPC coding HT Excel 최대전송속도 = modulation_symbol_rate x ( no_of_data / modulation_symbol ) x no_of_traffic_subcarrier x channel_coding_efficiency = 10 Kbps x 4bit x 96 x 5/6 = 3.2 Mbps 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 94

95 Example of Euraka 147 DAB transmission mode 3 seed parameter!! HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 95

96 # of subcarrier vesus cell radius delay spred RMS 의약 4 배 guard interval 에의한 symbol bit energy 저하를 1dB 이내로유지키위하여는 Symbol duration 을 guard interval 의 4 배로설정 FFT 구간은 symbol duration 에서 guard interval 구간을뺀구간 Subcarrier 당전송속도는 symbol duration 의역수 HT Excel Subcarrier 수는전체데이터속도를 subcarrier 당데이터속도로나눈값 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 96

97 WiBro max throughput 환산 (UL:DL =2:1 기준 ) Frame 5msec (200 frame/sec) Down Link Up Link TTG (121.2us) RTG (40.4us) preamble Data (modulation symbol) CQI,Ack,Ranging DL max total throughput = 64QAM(6bit/symbol) x 5/6 CodingRate x 768 data_tone x 25 symbol/frame x 200 frame/sec = 19.2 Mbps HT Excel UL max total throughput = 16QAM(4bit/symbol) x 2/3 CodingRate x 768 data_tone x 12 symbol/frame x 200 frame/sec = Mbps 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 97

98 WiBro MAC 프레임구조의예 DL : UL = 16 : 6 HT Excel DL : UL = 13 : 9 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 98

99 방식별전송효율분석 DL 최고속도 (SNR 근사치 ) UL 최고속도 UL+DL 속도 MHz/FA DL 전송효율 bps/ha 유효 Mhz/FA (guard 포함 ) DL+UL 전송효율 bps/hz EVDO rev_a 3.2M (SNR>13dB) 1.8M 5M 1.25M/FA 2.56bps/hz 5Mhz/FA 1bps/hz hsdpa 14.4M (SNR>18dB) 2.8M 17.2M 5M/FA 2.88bps/hz 15.8M/FA 1.1bps/hz wibro 19.2M (SNR>25dB) 4.95M 24.15M 10M/FA 2.4bps/hz 10M/FA 2.4bps/hz 최고속도는 total throughput 의개념 HT Excel 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 99

100 국내 Cellular 주파수현황 ( 서울기준 ) 이동국송신기지국송신 A" A' B' A band B band 849MHz 894MHz Cellular Frequency Channel (SKT) HT Excel Ch 기능중심주파수 (MHz) Ch 기능 중심주파수 (MHz) 이동국송신기지국송신이동국송신기지국송신 x G G x G x primary G x G x x G 3rd EV-DO G 2nd G primary 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 100

101 국내 PCS, EVDO 주파수현황 ( 서울기준 ) 1750MHz 1840MHz 이동국송신기지국송신 KTF 1770MHz 1860MHz LG telecom 1780MHz 1870MHz PCS Frequency Channel (KTF,LGT) HT Excel Ch 기능중심주파수 (MHz) Ch 기능 이동국송신기지국송신 중심주파수 (MHz) 이동국송신기지국송신 0 Guard Band Guard Band EV-DO G 2nd x Primary G Primary G Primary G 4th G 2nd x Primary G 5th G 3rd x 2nd Guard Band x 2nd x 3rd 이동통신기술의진화 (by 이상근 ) 101

102 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 Jong-Hun Rhee SAMSUNG

103 목차 Introduction 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV BCMCS 3G Evolution Plan EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 2

104 Introduction

105 3GPP2 organization TTA Telecommunications Technology Association (Korea) TIA Telecommunications Industry Association (North America) ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan) TTC Telecommunications Technology Committee (Japan) CCSA China Standards Association (China) 3GPP2 Access Network Interfaces TSG-A TSG-S SC OP Service and Systems Aspects TSG-C cdma2000 WG1 Application Services WG2 Signaling and Protocol WG3 Physical Layer WG4 Performance TSG-C Intersystem Operations TSG-X WG5 Working Procedure EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 4

106 cdma2000 standards July 1996 J-STD-008 TSB74 IS-95-A TIA/EIA-95-B May 1995 March 1999 IS-2000 (cdma2000 Rev 0) IS-2000-A (cdma2000 Rev A) IS-2000-B (cdma2000 Rev B) IS-2000-C (cdma2000 Rev C) IS-2000-D (cdma2000 Rev D) August 1999 March 2000 April 2002 May 2002 February 2004 IS-856 (1xEV-DO) IS-856-A (1xEV-DO) October 2000 March 2004 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 5

107 Basic Concepts (1) Adaptive Modulation Coding High order modulation Hybrid ARQ Physical layer ARQ Fast scheduling AP 1 Server before t 1 AP 3 AP 2 C/I feedback Data rate assign Adaptive cell switching AP 4 Server after t 1 Forward Link Data from current server Forward Link Data from AP 2 following server change Pilot/MAC on FWD link Pilot/DRC/ACK/RRI/AuxPilot/Traffic on REV Link (AP s in AT s active set) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 6

108 Basic Concepts (2) Adaptive sector switching MT selection dynamically depending C/I value Sector1 10 Sector0 5 C/I(dB) Sector0 Sector1 Serving sector index Time EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 7

109 cdma2000 HRPD (1xEV-DO)

110 1xEV-DO history (1) 1xEV-DO Release 0 Designed as a Wide-Area Mobile Wireless Ethernet Optimized support for downlink intensive (asymmetric), delay-tolerant applications Web browsing, File Transfer, WAP, IM etc. Goals Capacity and Coverage Enhancement Support for QoS Capacity Enhancement Larger Packet sizes enable gains due to use of Turbo codes ~3 db coding gain Forward Link Physical Layer H-ARQ Multi-user diversity scheduler Diversity reception Reverse Link Stochastic control of AT behavior Fast closed-loop Rise-over-Thermal (RoT) control using direct measurement of RoT at sector Allows higher RoT operation (higher capacity) than IS-2000 systems with similar stability More robust (stable) operation than IS-2000 systems for any operating point (RoT target) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 9

111 1xEV-DO history (2) Coverage Enhancement Coverage equal to or better than IS-2000 systems to leverage existing deployments System optimization for asymmetric, delay-tolerant data services results in higher spectral efficiency and therefore better coverage 10 db improvement in coverage over IS-95 systems (Forward Link) 50% improvement in coverage over IS-95 systems (Reverse Link) QoS control Centralized (AN) control of AT behavior Fair (P-fair, G-fair) scheduler on Forward Link Per-flow control on Forward Link AN control of reverse traffic priority of a given AT via adjusting the rate transition probabilities or by imposing a rate limit. Per AT control on Reverse Link EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 10

112 1xEV-DO history (3) Strong demand for Applications with delay-sensitive applications with symmetric data rates VoIP, Wireless Gaming, Video Telephony, Push-To-Talk QoS support Inter-AT and Intra-AT Precise AN control of AT behavior Broadcast services EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 11

113 1xEV-DO Rev.A features(1) Physical Layer Improved support for QoS-sensitive services Rapid connection setup with improved terminal battery life Higher rate access channel (up to 38.4kbps) with shorter preamble (4-slots) Short inter-transmit interval on control channel Short packet control channel (4-slots) in Idle state Efficient resource allocation for both low latency and delay tolerant data sources AN controlled tradeoff (per flow) between capacity and latency Finer rate quantization Additional data rates on Forward Link and Reverse Link Latency target determines effective data rate Improved packing efficiency Multi-user packets on Forward Link A single physical layer packet can carry data for multiple ATs Higher Spectral efficiency Physical Layer Hybrid ARQ (on RL) Support for MAC Layer ARQ (on RL) 1xEV-DO Revision A supports Physical Layer and MAC Layer ARQ on both Forward and Reverse Links EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 12

114 1xEV-DO Rev.A features(2) Higher peak data rates 3.1Mbps on Forward Link (2.45 Mbps in 1xEV-DO Release 0) 1.8Mbps on Reverse Link (153.6 Kbps in 1xEV-DO Release 0) Moderate improvement (1.5dB) in link budget over 1xEV-DO Release 0 systems 14.4kbps (RL) supported at cell edge vs 9.6kbps for 1xEV-DO Release 0 MAC Layer Control Channel Rapid connection setup Minimize forward link resource usage for transmitting pages Access Channel MAC Rapid connection setup Transmission of short data bursts within an access probe Forward Traffic Channel MAC Improved Packing efficiency Support for larger # s of simultaneous users: competitive with 1x Improved support for delay-sensitive applications VoIP, Push-To-Talk, Wireless Gaming, and Video Telephony Seamless data transfer during Forward Link cell switching EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 13

115 1xEV-DO Rev.A features(3) Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Efficient utilization of high-capacity physical layer Efficient support for latency-sensitive and delay-tolerant applications Ability to trade-off capacity and latency QoS sensitive resource allocation among multiple flows at an AT Comprehensive AN control over AT behavior Improved Reverse Link stability at high RoT EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 14

116 1xEV-DO Rev.A features(4) Higher Layer Multi-flow Packet Application Multiple RLP Flows for Intra-user QoS support Ability to send PPP data using the Control Channel and Access Channel CDMA2000 Circuit Services Notification Application Delivery of 1x pages, SMS messages etc. over DO Maintain 1x mobility while terminal is tuned to DO Allow the access terminal to stay on DO when it is receiving broadcast or timesensitive services Multimode Capability Discovery Application Allows the access network to discover the Multimode capabilities of the access terminal Virtual Stream Protocol Provides virtual streams besides the four streams provided by the Stream Layer Protocol Enhanced Idle State Protocol Allows faster paging Allows the system to reach a trade-off between fast paging and battery life Generic Attribute Update Protocol Allows attribute negotiation without dropping the Connection EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 15

117 HRPD Layering and Data Flow Flow 1 IP Traffic Filter/ Mapper Flow 2 Flow 3 Traffic Flow Templates (TFTs) IP/Port 1 ResvID 1 IP/Port 2 ResvID 2 IP/Port 3 ResvID 3 Control Plane Flow Control Protocol Location Update Protocol Data Over Signaling Protocol Flow Transport 1 RLP Flow 1 ResvID 1 RL P PDUs Flow Transport 2 Flow Transport 3 RLP Flow 2 ResvID 2 ResvID 3 RL P PDUs Data Plane Application Layer SMP AMP Session Management Protocol Address Management Protocol Default Stream Protocol or Virtual Stream Protocol Stream Layer SCP Session Configuration Protocol SMP, AMP, SCP Idle State Protocol or Enhanced Idle State Protocol, ALMP, ISP, PCP, Route Update Protocol, OMP, CSP Session Layer Connection Layer ALMP ISP Airlink Management Protocol Initialization State Protocol Security Protocol, Key Exchange Protocol or DH Key Exchange Protocol, Authentication Protocol or SHA-1 Authentication Protocol, Default Encryption Protocol or AES Encryption Protocol Security Layer PCP Packet Consolidation Protocol Control Channel MAC Protocol or Enhanced CC MAC Protocol Access Channel MAC Protocol or Enhanced AC MAC Protocol Forward TC MAC Protocol or Enhanced Forward TC MAC Protocol Subtype 1 Reverse TC MAC Protocol or Reverse TC MAC Protocol or Subtype 2 Reverse TC MAC Protocol or Subtype 3 Reverse TC MAC Protocol (MAC Flows) MAC Layer OMP CSP Overhead Messages Protocol Connected State Protocol Subtype 0 (Legacy) PHY or Subtype 1 PHY or Subtype 2 (Release A) PHY Physical Layer EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 16

118 Release 0 vs Revision A Release 0 approach Entire traffic channel allocated to a single user at any given time Large packet sizes Suitable for delay-tolerant applications which can be buffered until there is enough data to fill an entire packet Interruptions in transmission due to cell switching are acceptable Provides a PER ~ 1%, irrespective of channel/loading conditions, application Always exploit multi-user diversity The Revision A approach Serve multiple terminals within a single MAC Layer packet Accomplish CDM (fractional power allocation and simultaneous transmission) as in IS-2000 by TDM (fractional time allocation within a single packet) Improved packing efficiency => Larger #s of users can be supported by the sector Eliminate outages due to cell switching Application adaptive physical layer PER multiple format Exploit multi-user diversity where applicable. EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 17

119 Packet Division Multiple Access Packet Division Multiple Access (PDMA) SINR In addition to TDM d transmission and opportunistic scheduling under fairness constraints AN may serve multiple ATs within the same physical layer packet Improved packing efficiency AT 1,1 MUP BS 1 2 time slots AT 3 AT 1,4 SINR SUP AT 2 time SUP AT 4 MUP AT 4 AT 2 SUP AT 3 SINR SUP AT 2 time time Opportune Service Times SUP AT 3 Improved latency performance AT 1,2 AT 1,5 AT 1,3 AT 1,5 AT 1,1 AT 1,3 AT 1,4 AT 1,2 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 18

120 Intra-User QoS 1xEV-DO Release 0 No Intra-User QoS All packets transmitted in delaytolerant mode Performance of delay-sensitive flows may be affected by presence of delay-tolerant flows 1xEV-DO Revision A Intra-User QoS support Performance of delaysensitive flows unaffected by presence of delay-tolerant flows Example: Concurrent ping and File Transfer at AT: ping delay is unaffected by presence of File Transfer Improved performance of bursty data sources MAC flow priority is a function of the average resource (T2P) used by that flow A flow is a source with transmission requirements, associated with an application e.g. Videotelephony, VoIP, Gaming, Web-browsing, and file-transfer. EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 19

121 Access channel enhancement Release 0 Access Channel Preamble size = 1 frame or longer Typical size = 2 frames 4-slot preamble adequate for reliable detection 1024-bit transmission requires 160 ms Revision A Access Channel Higher rate access channel transmissions Per AT Access Network control => Additional tool for user differentiation Significant reduction in connection setup time 1024-bit transmission requires 33.33ms (38.4kbps) 60 ms (19.2 kbps) ms (9.6 kbps) Transmit Power Preamble Preamble 2 frames Transmit Power Pr ea m ble 4 slots Pr ea m ble Transmit Power Transmit Power 9.6 kbps Data Channel Pilot Channel 9.6 kbps Data Channel Pilot Channel Access Channel capsule 4 frames Rel 0 Access Channel Access Channel Capsule (4 frames) Rev A Access Channel 19.2 kbps Data Channel Pilot Channel 4 Access Channel Capsule slots (2 frames) Pr ea m ble 4 slots 38.4 kbps Data Channel Pilot Channel Access Channel Capsule (1 frame) Rev A Access Channel Rev A Access Channel Time Time Time Time EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 20

122 Control channel enhancement Release 0 Control Channel packet Transmission Formats [1024, 8, 512] (38.4 kbps) OR [1024, 16, 1024] (76.8 kbps) Average SCC transmit delay = 128 slots Synchronous Control Channels (SCC) transmitted every 256 slots Poor packing efficiency Revision A Release 0 Control Channel packets + Short packets Sub-sync Control Channel packets allow significantly lower inter-packet transmit delay (transmitted every 64 slots) Improved packing efficiency Improved utilization of Forward Link resources Rapid system access Offset =2 S C Slots Offset =2 1xEV-DO Release 0 A C Control Channel Cycle = 256 slots ( ms) SC: First slot of a Synchronous Control Channel Capsule Packet (8 or 16-slot packet) SSC: First slot Sub-Synchronous Control Channel Capsule (4-slot packet) AC: First slot of Asynchronous Control Channel Capsule (8 or 16-slot packet (Rel 0) ) 1xEV-DO Revision A S C A C Slots Sub-Sync Control Channel Cycle = 64 slots ( ms) S S C 6 6 Arrival of page at the Base Station A C Arrival of page at the Base Station A C Control Channel Cycle = 256 slots ( ms) Rev A page TX Start S S C Rev A page TX End S S C Rel 0 page TX Start Offset = Offset = S C Connection Setup Time Reduction with Rev A S C Rel 0 page TX End S S C EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 21

123 Seamless server selection (1) Release 0 mechanism Steps AT changes DRC cover to indicate serving sector/cell change From cell and To cell have to detect change BSC performs Queue transfer Outage AT cannot be served a new packet once BSC starts Queue transfer Release A mechanism DSC (Data Source Control) Channel provides early indication of cell switching instant to minimize (or eliminate) service outage for delaysensitive flows Since serving cell change instant is precisely known From cell knows exactly when to stop transmission and To cell knows exactly when to start transmission EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 22

124 Seamless server selection (2) Rel 0 vs Rev A DRC cover change can happen at any DRC change boundary DSC cover change has to wait for DSC change boundary Cell A instantaneous FL SINR Cell B Instantaneous FL SINR Delay for AT to determine server change Server selection trigger due to credit accumulation DRC Cover Change DRCLength = 8 slots 8 slots A A A A A A A A A A A N N B B B B B B B B B B 1xEV-DO Release 0 8 slots Q- transfer Fwd Stop and Fwd Desired Service Outage DRCLength = 8 slots Service resumption A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A N N B B B B DSC A DSC A DSC B DSC B DSCLength = 64 slots DSCLength = 64 slots 1xEV-DO Revision A Q-transfer DSC Change Boundary DSC Change Fwd Stop and Fwd Desired DRC Cover Change EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 23

125 Reverse link enhancement (1) 1xEV-DO Release 0 Reverse Link packets are transmitted over a contiguous 16-slots Excess Eb/Nt Packets can be decoded in fewer slots Excess EbNo due to Imperfect Power Control Traffic channel gains chosen to ensure target PER in worst case channel conditions Hybrid ARQ (H-ARQ) AN can attempt early termination of packets Staggered transmission from AT Details Staggered transmission of 16-slot packet in 4-slots (sub-packet) increments EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) Transmission terminated if AN decodes packet OR entire packet transmitted AN soft-combines sub-packets until packet successfully decodes OR maximum number of sub-packets of a packet are transmitted ARQ bits transmitted on the FL MAC channel Design simplicity Latency requirements Decimated power control along with H-ARQ Excess Eb/No due to decimated power control is advantageously used by H-ARQ to terminate packets early. Reduced interference variance may lead to improved overhead channel performance 24

126 Reverse link enhancement (2) 1xEV-DO Release 0 Rate used as an indicator of sector resource usage Rate is the measure of RoT contribution of an AT No H-ARQ => one-one Rate-T2P mapping T2P constant for entire packet No latency-capacity trade-off 1xEV-DO Revision A T2P used as an indicator of sector resource usage T2P is a more accurate measure of RoT contribution of each flow H-ARQ and different termination goals => No one-one Rate-T2P mapping T2P is a function of latency target and payload size T2P may not be constant for entire packet For a fixed termination goal, T2P increases roughly linearly with flow transmission rate T2P allocation to AT allows tradeoff between capacity and latency EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 25

127 Reverse link HARQ RL PACKETS Rev 0: 1 Frame (16 slots) PACKET 1 PACKET 2 (RL Subfram e) 4 slots RL Sub-Packets Interlace Period 12 slots Rev A: Pkt 0 Pkt 1 Pkt 2 Pkt 3 Pkt 1' Pkt 4 Pkt 3' Pkt 1'' NAK P C NAK P C ACK P C NAK P C ACK P C NAK P C NAK P C ACK P C 4 slots 3 slots 1 slot FL ARQ Channel (Three) Packet Interlaces Power Control Slots EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 26

128 Reverse link MAC enhancement (1) 1xEV-DO Release 0 Rate Transition probabilities designed to ensure stability of a loaded system; Too conservative when the system is lightly loaded 1xEV-DO Revision A Sector Loading-dependent T2P Increase/Decrease functions Filtered RA bit (FRAB) provides a measure of sector loading T2P Increase/Decrease functions are functions of sector loading Allows rapid ramping in lightly loaded sectors Allows smooth filling in of sector capacity Slower ramping as the sector load increases reduces RoT variation Lesser impact on system stability Allows decoupling of unloaded T2P ramping dynamics from loaded steadystate T2P dynamics EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 27

129 Reverse link MAC enhancement (2) Rapid Reverse Activity Bit feedback Quick RAB (QRAB) RAB is updated once every slot Improves bandwidth of ROT Control Loop Rapid response to changes in RL loading Improves loading control and stability Allows system to operate at higher ROT and thus achieve higher sector throughput QRAB reliability achieved by applying reliable filtering technique at the Access Terminal EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 28

130 Reverse link structure New channels in IS-856-Revision A [Yellow] Auxiliary Pilot Channel Data Source Control (DSC) Channel Modified channels in IS-856- Revision A [Blue] RRI ACK Data (Preamble + Traffic) Pilot (Preamble) Reverse Access Traffic Pilot Data Primary Pilot Auxiliary Pilot Medium Access Control Ack Data Reverse Rate Indicator Data Rate Control Data Source Control EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 29

131 Forward link structure New Forward Link Channels in IS-856-Revision A [Yellow] ARQ Modified Forward Link Channels in IS-856-Revision A [Blue] DRCLock Reverse Activity Control Traffic Reverse Power Control Forward Pilot Medium Access Control Control Traffic Reverse Activity DRCLock Reverse Power Control ARQ EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 30

132 Specification Protocol List Physical Layer Default (Subtype 0) Physical Layer Protocol IS-856-Rev.0 Physical Layer Subtype 1 Physical Layer Protocol Subtype 2 Physical Layer Protocol MAC Layer Default (Subtype 0) Control Channel MAC Protocol IS-856-Rev.0 Control Channel MAC Protocol Enhanced (Subtype 1) Control Channel MAC Protocol Default Control Channel MAC Protocol + Short packet Sub-sync CC Default (Subtype 0) Access Channel MAC Protocol IS-856-Rev.0 Access Channel MAC Protocol Enhanced (Subtype 1) Access Channel MAC Protocol Default Access Channel MAC Protocol + Higher Rate Access Channel MAC Layer Subtype 0 Subtype 1 Subtype 2 Subtype 3 IS-856-Release 0 Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Protocol Default Physical Layer Default Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Subtype 0 and Subtype 1 Physical Layer Transition Probabilities can be changed during a session IS-856-Revision A Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Subtype 0 and Subtype 1 Physical Layer IS-856-Revision A Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Subtype 2 Physical Layer Protocol EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 31

133 HRPD Physical Layer Subtypes Control Channel MAC Protocol or Access Channel MAC Protocol or Forward TC MAC Protocol or Reverse TC MAC Protocol or MAC Layer Enhanced CC MAC Protocol Enhanced AC MAC Protocol Enhanced Forward TC MAC Protocol Subtype 1 Reverse TC MAC Protocol or Subtype 2 Reverse TC MAC Protocol or Subtype 3 Reverse TC MAC Protocol (MAC Flows) Subtype 0 (Legacy ) PHY or Subtype 1 PHY or Subtype 2 (Release A ) PHY Physical Layer EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 32

134 FL Transmission format Transmission Format (Ordered triple) Physical Layer Packet Size Total number of bits in the Physical Layer packet, which encapsulates the MAC Layer packet. Transmission Format (128, 16, 1024) (128, 8, 512) (128, 4, 1024) (128, 4, 256) (128, 2, 128) (128, 1, 64) Code Rate 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 Modulation Type QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Nominal Data Rate (kbps) Nominal Transmit Duration (slots) Maximum number of slots over which the packet is transmitted (256, 16, 1024) (256, 8, 512) (256, 4, 1024) (256, 4, 256) (256, 2, 128) 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Preamble Length (chips) (256, 1, 64) (512, 16, 1024) 1/5 1/5 QPSK QPSK (512, 8, 512) 1/5 QPSK 38.4 New transmission formats highlighted in blue (512, 4, 1024) (512, 4, 256) (512, 4, 128) 1/5 1/5 1/5 QPSK QPSK QPSK (512, 2, 128) 1/5 QPSK (512, 2, 64) 1/5 QPSK EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) (512, 1, 64) 1/5 QPSK

135 FL Transmission format Transmission Format Code Rate Modulation Type Nominal Data Rate (kbps) (1024, 16, 1024) 1/5 QPSK 38.4 (1024, 8, 512) 1/5 QPSK 76.8 (1024, 4, 256) 1/5 QPSK (1024, 4, 128) 1/5 QPSK (1024, 2, 128) 1/5 QPSK (1024, 2, 64) 1/5 QPSK (1024, 1, 64) 1/3 QPSK (2048, 4, 128) 1/3 QPSK (2048, 2, 64) 1/3 QPSK (2048, 1, 64) 1/3 QPSK 1,228.8 (3072, 2, 64) 1/3 8-PSK (3072, 1, 64) 1/3 8-PSK 1,843.2 (4096, 2, 64) 1/3 16-QAM 1,228.8 (4096, 1, 64) 1/3 16-QAM 2,457.6 (5120, 2, 64) 1/3 16-QAM 1,536.0 (5120, 1, 64) 1/3 16-QAM 3,072.0 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 34

136 RL Transmission format Payload Size (bits) Modulation After 4 slots Effective Data Rate (kbps) After 8 slots After 12 slots After 16 slots After 4 slots Code Rate [ Repetition ] After 8 slots After 12 slots After 16 slots [1] 128 BPSK /5 [ 3.2 ] 1/5 [ 6.4 ] 1/5 [ 9.6] 1/5 [ 12.8] [2] 256 BPSK /5 [ 1.6 ] 1/5 [ 3.2 ] 1/5 [ 4.8 ] 1/5 [ 6.4] [3] 512 BPSK /4 [ 1 ] 1/5 [1.6] 1/5 [2.4] 1/5 [3.2] [4] 768 BPSK /8 [ 1 ] 1/5 [1.07] 1/5 [ 1.6] 1/5 [ 2.13] [5] 1024 BPSK /2 [ 1] 1/4 [ 1 ] 1/5 [ 1.2] 1/5 [1.6] Note: Rev. 0 (Payload, Data Rate) configurations are highlighted in blue EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 35

137 RL Transmission format Payload (bits) Modulation After 4 slots Effective Data Rate in kbps After 8 slots After 12 slots After 16 slots After 4 slots Code Rate [ Repetition ] After 8 slots After 12 slots After 16 slots [6] 1536 QPSK W /8 [ 1 ] 1/5 [1.07] 1/5 [ 1.6] 1/5 [ 2.13] [7] 2048 QPSK W /2 [ 1 ] 1/4 [ 1 ] 1/5 [ 1.2] 1/5 [1.6] [8] 3072 QPSK W /8 [ 1 ] 1/5 [1.07] 1/5 [1.6] 1/5 [2.13] [9] 4096 QPSK W /2 [ 1 ] 1/4 [ 1 ] 1/5 [ 1.2] 1/5 [1.6] [10]6144 QPSK W4 & W /2 [ 1 ] 1/4 [ 1 ] 1/5 [ 1.2] 1/5 [1.6] [11]8192 QPSK W4 & W /3 [ 1 ] 1/3 [ 1 ] 2/9 [ 1 ] 1/5 [1.2] [12] PSK W4 & W /3 [1] 1/3 [1] 1/3 [1.5] 1/3 [2] EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 36

138 Capacity Criteria 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DO Rev 0 Rev A Forward Link Sector Capacity (Full Buffer) 16 users/sector Dual Antenna Receiver kbps kbps Reverse Link Sector Capacity (Full Buffer) 10 user/sector Dual Antenna Receiver kbps kbps VoIP Capacity # users/sector Gaming Capacity # users/sector Video Telephony Capacity # users/sector 4 10 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 37

139 cdma2000 Rev.C/D (1xEV-DV)

140 Layered architecture OSI Layers 3-7 Upper Layer Signaling Data Services Voice Services LAC Sublayer MAC Sublayer OSI Layer 2 Signaling to Physical Layer Interface SRBP RLP RLP RLP Multiplexing and QoS Delivery F-PDCH Control Function OSI Layer 1 Physical Layer EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 39

141 Overview Backward compatibility with IS95/IS2000 series Graceful evolution from IS95/IS2000 1X Reuse the IS95/IS2000 1x reverse link channels Reuse the IS95/IS2000 1x MAC and Signaling layer procedures Support for handoff between 1xEV-DV and IS95/IS2000 1x No impact on widespread legacy mobile phones Simultaneous voice and high speed packet data services Multi-tasking Voice + Multiple packet data services New voice call with ongoing packet data services Multiple concurrent data services Capability of supporting both voice and high speed data in the same RF carrier Flexible use of the frequency spectrum Efficient use of the BTS hardware resources especially in rural area EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 40

142 Forward link operation 1) BS transmits a continuous Pilot 5) BS monitors R-CQICHs of DV users in its coverage and schedules users EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 41 2) BS transmits a Walsh fragmentation information periodically (F-PDCCH0) Voice communication 4) MS sends C/I feedback to the best serving sector(r-cqich) 2) BS transmits a Walsh fragmentation information periodically (F-PDCCH0) 4) MS sends C/I feedback to the best serving sector (R-CQICH) 6) BS transmits the packet data to scheduled user 7) MS sends ACK/NAK to BS 3) MS measures the pilot strength of BS in its active set 3) MS measures the pilot strength of BS in its active set

143 F-PDCH (1) F-PDCH (Forward Packet Data Channel) Carry high speed packet data (up to Mbps) Shared by multiple users (TDM+CDM) Up to 2 PDCHs per FA Concept of fat pipe whose thickness varies according to the available resources (Walsh & Power) Effective use of air resources Base Station Max Tx Power Packet Data Channel Fundamental, Supplemental Channels Paging Channel or BCCH + F-CCCH Sync Channel Pilot Channel 1xEV-DV PDCH Power Allocation EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 42

144 F-PDCH (2) Superior performance of PDCH to 1X F-SCH Much higher throughput Faster link adaptation Short scheduling time unit : 1.25ms << N * 20ms of 1X SCH Scheduler Flexible resource allocation Various transmission format Walsh code fragmentation allowed by walsh code mask Smaller throughput degradation by co-existence with voice ~ 1 Mbps Much higher sector throughput in comparison with 1X 1X F-SCH Sector Throughput ~ 300 kbps 1X F-SCH + Voice 1xEV-DV F-PDCH Sector Throughput DV F-PDCH + Voice 0 No. of Voice Users 25 calls 0 No. of Voice Users 25 calls Expected average data throughput with voice call in same RF carrier EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 43

145 F-PDCCH Forward link data transmission Voice and low-to-medium data rate Existing cdma2000 1x High data rate Newly defined channels and procedure Coexisting voice, low-to-medium, and high data rate Share time, frequency, code, and power Careful Walsh code allocation Enabling forward link packet data transmission Two new channels F-PDCCH Control information F-PDCH Packet data traffic EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 44

146 Hybrid ARQ Hybrid ARQ Asynchronous and Adaptive Incremental Redundancy: mother code rate = 1/5 QCTC (Quasi Complementary Turbo Code) SPID selection: SPID for New Tx = 0 Using 1-bit ACK/NACK Channel EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 45

147 Transmission format Base station shoul d have required tra ffic E c /N t table for e ach traffic format p er N Walsh Choose maximum data rate within ran ge of traffic E c /N t th reshold and buffer size EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) Data Rate (kbps) Number of 1.25msec slot for different Encoder Packet Size

148 Reverse link channel structure Reverse CDMA Channel for SR1 Acess Channel Reverse Traffic Channel (RC1 or RC2) Reverse Access Channel Operation Reverse Common Control Channel Operation Reverse Trffic Channel Operation (RC3 to 6) Reverse Trffic Channel Operation (RC7) Reverse Fundamental Channel 0 to 7 Reverse Supplemental Code Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Enhancement Access Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Common Control Channel Reverse Pilot Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Dedicated Control Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Fundamental Channel Reverse Pilot Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Dedicated Control Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Fundamental Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Power Control Subchannel Release C Release D 0 or 2 Reverse Supplemental Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Power Control Subchannel 0 or 1 Reverse CQI Channel 0 or 1 Reverse ACK Channel 0 or 1 Reverse CQI Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Secondary Pilot Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Packet Data Channel 0 or 1 Reverse ACK Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Request Channel 0 or 1 Reverse Packet Data Control Channel EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 47

149 Forward link channel structure Forward CDMA Channel for SR1 Common Assign Channel Common Control Channel ACK Channel 0 to 2 Grant Channel Broadcast Control Channel Sync Channel Paging Channel Quick Paging Channel Packet Data Control Channel (SR1, RC10) Indicator Control Channel Pilot Channel Traffic Channel Common Power Control Channel Rate Control Channel Forward Pilot Channel Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel Auxiliary Pilot Channel Auxiliary Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel 0 to 2 Packet Data Channel (RC 10) 0 to 7 Supplemental Code Channel (RC1-2) 0 to 2 Supplemental Channel (RC3-9) 0 to 1 Fundamental Channel Power Control Subchannel 0 to 1 Dedicated Control Channel Release C Release D EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 48

150 Enhanced RL Operation BS Side (Access Network) MS Side (Access Point) Send C-RCB (Common Rate Control Bit) Scheduling Autonomous packet data transmission Send MSIB (Mobile Status Indicator Bit) Send Request Send Grant Send D-RCB (Dedicate Rate Control Bit) Packet data transmission MSIB Send ACK / NAK EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 49

151 Reverse link enhancement (1) New Channels in Reverse Link R-SPICH Provide additional channel estimation information Triggered by encoder packet size (High data rate) REV_SPICH_EP_SIZEs = 3096 bits R-REQCH db relative gain to the reverse pilot channel Report MS s power headroom, buffer Status and QoS information (sr_id) Provide R-PDCH Scheduling information Types of Trigger for R-REQCH Buffer Status Triggered by amount of data in R-PDCH buffer Watermark Crossing Triggered when MS s buffer usage is crossed high watermark or low watermark Power Headroom Triggered by MS s power status EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 50

152 Reverse link enhancement (2) R-PDCCH Transmit R-PDCH control information Encoder packet size Sub-packet ID Boost indicator R-PDCH Hybrid ARQ 1/5 Turbo Code based Set of fixed encoder packet size Sub-packet frame length = 10ms Synchronous transmission for different sub-packets 30ms interval between sub-packets for the same encoder packet 4 ARQ instances simultaneously Incremental Redundancy Transmit different redundancy version for different sub-packets Modulation BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 51

153 Reverse link enhancement (3) New Channels in Forward Link F-GCH Transmit allowable R-PDCH data rate F-RCCH 100 updates/sec Rate control symbol for T/P +1 : UP / -1 : DOWN / 0 : HOLD Two modes DRC (Dedicated Rate Control) : assign dedicated indicator control subchannel to each MS CRC (Common Rate Control) : assign common indicator control subchannel to multiple MS F-ACKCH Transmit ACK/NAK information for R-PDCH R-PDCH hybrid ARQ operation ACK = +1 /NAK = -1 (BPSK) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 52

154 Reverse link HARQ Rate UP Rate DOWN Rate HOLD F- ACKCH ACK NAK ACK ACK NAK ACK NAK NAK ACK NAK F- RCCH R- PDCH MS receives rate control symbol and applies R-PDCH T2P when transmits new packet. Time EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 53

155 Comparison High Data Rate Low Data Rate 1xEV-DV Rel.C/D, 1xEV-DO Rev.A High Speed File Transfer, Image Download - DO s TCH - DV s PDCH Text Mail, WAP - 1x s FCH, SCH Delay Tolerant 1xEV-DO Real-time Multimedia, Video Telephony - DO s TCH - DV s PDCH IP Telephony, PTT - 1x s FCH 1X Delay Sensitive 1X Rel.0/A/B Designed for low & medium rate services 1xEV-DV Rel.C/Rel.D New PDCH is optimized for high rate service Support low rate/delay sensitive service with FCH/DCCH of 1X 1xEV-DO Optimized for high rate services Inefficient for low rate/delay sensitive service 1xEV-DO Rev.A FL/RL enhancement for high rate & low rate delay sensitive service EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 54

156 Specification Comparison CDMA2000 1x 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV Rel.0 Rel.A/B Rev.0 Rev.A Rel.C Rel.D Max. data rate kbps (FL) kbps (RL) kbps(fl) kbps(rl) Mbps(FL) kbps (RL) Mbps (FL) Mbps (RL) Mbps (FL) kbps (RL) Mbps (FL) Mbps (RL) FL Channels Refer to Rel. 0 Spec. Same as Rel.0 Traffic/Control CH - Pilot, MAC ACK CH for RL HARQ - 1x Channels - F-PDCH - F-PDCCH - Rel.C CHs - F-GCH - F-RCCH - F-ACKCH RL Channels Refer to Rel. 0 Spec. Same as Rel.0 Traffic CH - Pilot, MAC, Data, ACK Access CH - Pilot, Data - Auxiliary pilot CH - DSC CH - Higher rate Data CH - 1x Channels - R-CQICH - R-ACKCH -Rel.C CHs - R-SPICH - R-REQCH - R-PDCCH - R-PDCH Modulation - BPSK/QPSK (FL) - BPSK (RL) - BPSK/QPSK(FL) - BPSK (RL) - QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM (FL) - BPSK (RL) - QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM (FL) - BPSK, QPSK (RL) - QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM (FL) - BPSK (RL) - QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM (FL) - BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK (RL) Channel Coding Convolution/Turb o (FL/RL) Convolution/Turbo (FL/RL) Turbo (FL/RL) Turbo (FL/RL) Convolution/Turbo (FL/RL) Convolution/Turbo (FL/RL) Typical Characterist ics kbps - Transmit Diversity - Simultaneous Voice and Data (SVD) - Early Termination - Fast Cell selection - TDMed FL Traffic Channel FL - New physical layer packets (12.8, 25.6, 1536, 3072 kbps) - Packet division multiplexing - 7 bit MAC index RL -HARQ - Power boosting -QCTC - H-ARQ (A2IR) - Fast Cell Selection - Shared FL Channel - RL Enhancement - Broadcast/Multicast service - Fast Call Setup EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 55

157 Technology Comparison Feature cdma2000 1x 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV Frequency reuse=1 Bandwidth spreading Downlink simulcast in SHO Uplink SHO Downlink power control Uplink power control Large packets Physical Layer Retransmissions Symmetric service EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 56

158 Performance (Forward Link) Sector throughput [Mbps] Single Rx Antenna Dual Rx Antenna Number of MSs per sector Sector Throughput [Mbps] Channel A Channel B Channel C Channel D Channel E Number of MSs per sector EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 57

159 Performance (Reverse Link) Sector Throughput [kbps] R-SCH R-PDCH (TS) R-PDCH (RC) Number of MSs per sector 5 Average packet call delay [s] R-SCH R-PDCH (RC) R-PDCH (TS) R-PDCH (TS/RC) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 58

160 Broadcast Multicast Service

161 Broadcast over cellular Laptop computer Cell phone Cell phone Laptop Shared CDMA Broadcast Radio Channel Base Station Network Content Serve Laptop computer Cell phone Laptops EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 60

162 Applicable services Traffic and weather with advertising Not encrypted, and the advertisers would be billed. Pay-per-view movies Encrypted and request based, the subscribers would be billed. Sports events with instant replay Free in the restricted area, but charged to users outside that area. Streaming stock prices User graded service EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 61

163 Overview Optimize use of the cdma2000 radio interface over the air BCMCS provides delivery of the IP flows that comprise BCMCS Progr ams (content) to one or more terminals in one or more regions of the 3 GPP2 network. The 3GPP2 operator has control of: Transmission Areas of BCMCS IP flows Billing of the user and/or content provider Encryption of the IP flows EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 62

164 BCMCS 서비스절차 Service Discovery/Announcement Content Subscription Content Information Acquisition Content Availability Determination BCMCS Registration BCMCS Content Delivery BCMCS Deregistration EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 63

165 BCMCS 응용예 ( 쌍방향방송 ) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) BSN: Broadcast Serving Node MR: Multicast Router PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting HAAA: Home AAA SAAA: Serving AAA PCF: Packet Control Function BSC: Base Station Controller MS: Mobile Station UIM: User Identity Module RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial In User Service 64

166 Transmission method Example logical channel to physical channel mapping Data rates : 307.2kbps (2 slots per packet) 125 multiplex interlace multiplex interlace < Logical channel to interlacemultiplex pair mapping > < burst length for each interlacemultiplex pair> < Error control block > R I M burstlen:2 burstlen:4 burstlen:2 burstlen:2 burstlen:2 burst Len:4 EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 65

167 Enhanced BCMCS Replace traffic portion of HRPD forward link with waveform optimized for broadcast OFDM-based transmission Maintains backward compatibility Co-exists with Gold BCMCS and unicast service Little impact to device 98% 1% PER, (16, 12) RS code HRPD Rev.0 BCMCS (Gold Broadcast) supports 409.6kbps HRPD Rev.A BCMCS (Platinum Broadcast) supports 1.2Mbps (Rx Diversity) EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 66

168 3GPP2 Evolution

169 Beyond 3 rd Generation Mobility G 3G+ High Speed Medium Speed Low Speed 1G ( Analog ) AMPS ETACS JTACS NMT 2G ( Digital ) CDMA/GSM/TDMA 2.4 GHz WLAN CDMA2000 EV-DO/DV W-CDMA/HSDPA b PAN 3G ( IMT2000 ) 5 GHz WLAN Bluetooth a/g WiBro e High speed WLAN Wi-Max ~ 14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps RFID WPAN ZigBee MANet <100 Mbps Data Rates EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 68

170 Requirements (1) Enhanced end user broadband wireless experience Support evolving MMD/IMS services Provide air interface aspects for advanced end to end QoS delivery Increase voice capacity over cdma2000 1x Support bandwidth allocations up to 20 MHz or more in 1.25 MHz blocks Increase peak data rates and system throughput capacity Increase spectral efficiency Improve cell coverage and increase range Long-term targets for peak data rate FL : 100 Mbps ~ 1 Gbps RL : 50 ~ 100 Mbps EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 69

171 Requirements (2) Decrease system latency Support flexible spectrum allocation with possible noncontiguous carriers Dynamic channel allocation Minimize control and signaling overhead Increase terminal battery life Lower cost per bit for CAPEX and OPEX Seamless handoff to other radio access networks Support backward compatibility for near term EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 70

172 Phase 1 Evolution Goals to achieve : Maximize Return on Investment (ROI) by: Maintaining backward compatibility Reusing existing infrastructure equipment Fast time-to-market to maintain a market leadership Multi-carrier cdma2000 N number of cdma2000 1x carriers: 1 N 15 (1.25MHz x N) Both symmetric and asymmetric FL/RL assignments Minimum N = 1 for backward compatibility EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 71

173 Phase 2 Evolution New Air Interface (AI) Bandwidth up to 20 MHz or more Peak data rates FL : 100 Mbps ~ 1 Gbps RL : 50 ~ 100 Mbps Criteria for new AI Ease of scalable bandwidth operation Excellent performance in frequency-selective channels in broadband Reduced handset complexities Easy accommodation of value-added technologies Possible Multiplexing Technologies : OFDM/MC-CDMA/Single carrier Spatial Processing : MIMO/Spatial multiplexing/sdma/beamforming EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 72

174 3GPP2 Evolution Roadmap Phase 2 Evolution Study/Standardization Phase 1 Evolution GPP2 Evolution Workshop Evaluation (OFDM vs. CDMA) E-BCMCS 1. OFDM 기반방송기술 2. CDMA 대비 2 배성능향상 Phase 1. MC EV-DO 1. Backward compatibility (N X 1.25MHz) 2. BW < 20MHz 3. Peak data rate:45mbps Phase 2. New Air Interface 1. OFDM, MIMO, etc. 2. BW > 20MHz (1.25~) 3. Peak data rate > 100Mbps EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 73

175 참고문헌 C.S0002 C.S0003 C.S0005 C.S0024 C.S0054 Session 05_3GPP2_AIE-TEM_Phasing Approaches from 3GPP2 Evolution Workshop EVDO/EVDV 기술의진화 (by 이종훈 ) 74

176 TD-SCDMA/GSM 의기술개요 삼성전자 이준성책임연구원

177 목차 1 이동통신 Market 상황 2 Self Introduction GSM/EDGE/GPRS/EGPRS 의진화및개요 3 TD-CDMA/ TD-SCDMA 의개요 4 Q & A 이동통신시스템의중요요소기술 2

178 3GPP2 의상황 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 표준 형상 주파수 Mode 적용여부 비고 800MHz NA Cellular FDD 기적용 CDMA2000 1X 1800MHz Korean PCS FDD 기적용 1900MHz NA PCS FDD 기적용 800MHz NA Cellular FDD 적용예정 04 년 2Q 3GPP2 1xEV-DO 1800MHz Korean PCS FDD 기적용 1900MHz NA PCS FDD 기적용 800MHz NA Cellular FDD 미적용 1xEV-DV 1800MHz Korean PCS FDD 미적용 1900MHz NA PCS FDD 미적용 3

179 3GPP 의상황 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 표준 형상 주파수 Mode 적용시점 비고 GSM /EDGE 900MHz 1800MHz 1900MHz P-GSM DCS PCS FDD FDD FDD 기구현 기구현 기구현 1800MHz P-GSM FDD 기구현 Freq. Hopping GPRS 1900MHz DCS FDD 기구현 Freq. Hopping 2100MHz PCS FDD 기구현 Freq. Hopping 3GPP 1800MHz UTRA band III FDD TDD LCR TDD HCR WCDMA /HSDPA TD-SCDMA TD-CDMA WCDMA 기구현 미구현 미구현 UMTS (R.4/R5) 1900MHz UTRA band II FDD TDD LCR WCDMA /HSDPA TD-SCDMA Trial 미구현 1.28Mbps/1.6MHz TDD HCR TD-CDMA 미구현 3.84Mbps/5MHz 2100MHz UTRA band I FDD TDD LCR WCDMA /HSDPA TD-SCDMA WCDMA 기구현 미구현 1.28Mbps/1.6MHz TDD HCR TD-CDMA 미구현 3.84Mbps/5MHz 4

180 802.16/20 계열의상황 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 표준 형상 주파수 Mode 적용시점 비고 16a 2~11GHz FDD TDD WirelessMAN 미구현미구현 16c 10~66GHz FDD TDD WirelessMAN-SC 미구현미구현 IEEE 802.XX 16d 2~11GHz 2.3GHz FDD TDD TDD WiMAX WiBro 미구현미구현 Portable Internet 16e 2~11GHz FDD TDD WirelessMAN-OFDMA 미구현미구현 20 Below 3.5GHz FDD TDD 일부상용화 5

181 세계이동통신망분포현황 1 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 지역 Std freq. 폴란드 IS-95A 1X 800M/850M 450M/800M 러시아 GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS 900M/1800M 800M 450M 900M/1800M 지역 Std freq. 중국 인도 인도네시아 일본 한국 IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO IS-95A 1X DO 800M 800M 900M/1900M 800M 800M 900M/1800M 800M 450M/800M/1900M 1900M 900M/1800M 800M 800M 800M 800M/1700M 800M/1700M 800M/1700M 지역 Std freq. 이집트 나이지리아 기타 호주 IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS 800M/1900M 800M 900M 800M/1900M 1900M 900M/1800M 400M 지역 Std freq. 800M 800M 900M/1800M 지역 Std freq. 아르헨티나 브라질 멕시코 지역 미국 캐나다 푸에르토리코 Std IS-95A 1X DO GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO DO GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO GSM/GPRS IS-95A 1X DO freq. 800M/850M/1900M 800M/1900M 800M/1900M 850M/900M/1800M/1900M 800M/1900M 800M/1900M 850M/1900M 800M/1900M 1900M 800M/1900M 850M/900M/1900M 800M/1900M 450M/800M/1900M 800M/1900M 800M/1900M 1800M 800M/1900M 1900M 800M/1900M 1900M 1900M 1900M 1900M 6

182 세계이동통신망분포현황 2 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 지역 Frequency Band 지원 std 중국 800M,900M, 1900M,2100M IS-95A,1X,GSM(GPRS) 아시아 한국 800M,1700M,2300M IS-95A, 1X, DO, WiBro 일본 800M IS-95A, 1X, DO 유럽 러시아폴란드 450M, 800M, 900M,1800M 450M, 800M, 850M, 900M, 1800M IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) 나이지리아 800M,900M, 1800M,1900M IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) 아프리카 이집트 800M,900M, 1900M IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) 기타 400M GSM(GPRS) 북미 미국캐나다 800M,850M, 900M,1800M, 1900M 800M,850M, 1900M IS-95A,1X,DO,GSM(GPRS) IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) 아르헨티나 800M,850M, 900M,1900M IS-95A,1X,DO,GSM(GPRS) 남미 브라질 450M,800M, 1800M,1900M IS-95A,1X,DO,GSM(GPRS) 멕시코 800M, 1900M IS-95A,1X, DO,GSM(GPRS) 호주 호주 800M,900M,1800M IS-95A, 1X, GSM(GPRS) 7

183 1. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 이동통신 Market 상황 이동통신망의기술및서비스동향 구분 ~ 01 ~ 02 ~ 03 ~ 04 ~ 05 ~ 06 07~ ~ 12 Wireless Access 서킷 / 패킷망 1x/DO PS 통합 동기 / 비동기 Backbone 공유 WCDMA R4-Ready EV-DV Ready DO QoS WCDMA RS(QoS) ALL IP Wireless Standard (Data rate) 1X (153k) EV-DO (2.4M) WCDMA (384K) F-OFDM (3M) i-burst (20M) EV-DV (3M/307K) WCDMA R.4 (1.8M) WiBro DO Rel.A (3M/1.2M) WCDMA R.5 (14M) 3X WCDMA R.6 (MIMO/30M) 4G/ BcN Hmm (100Mbps) WLAN (11M) WLAN (54M) WPAN (20M) BWB 요소기술 EVRC 16QAM Mobile IP Always-on AMR Soft switch S I P SMV MV I 64QAM Smart Antenna WAMR IPv6 1X/WCDMA HO MIMO 지원서비스 중속접속서비스, 인트라넷 멀티미디어 / 게임 / 컨텐츠 /Portal 저품질 AOD/VOD 동영상다운로드 AM 품질통화 음성편지 / 이미지메시지 멀티미디어 / & UMS 위치기반 / 지도 & 복합정보서비스 Visual 광고, 전자결재, 이미지, 그래프제공을통한상거래 / 경매 고속접속서비스 멀티미디어방송 / 게임 고품질 AoD/VoD (Stream) 다운로드 FM 품질통화 화상회의 / 화상전화 Navigation/Health-care MMS Multimedia 광고, 동영상상품정보 & 그래프실시간제공통한상거래 / 경매 8

184 GSM/EDGE/GPRS/EGPRS 의개요 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS In US we use CDMA primarily, but worldwide GSM is the most widely deployed wireless network. GSM is only 2G; EDGE is for 3G. EDGE uses much of the same network as GSM. To utilize the enhanced features of EDGE, better components (ie. power amplifiers) need to be developed. Circuit Switched Network Dedicated connection until call is finished GSM Global System for Mobile communication GSM900, GSM1800 and GSM1900 (2G) EDGE Enhanced Datarate for GSM Evolution (3G) Packet Switched Network No dedicated connection; broken up and regrouped Allows simultaneous calls on single path GPRS - General Packet Radio Service (2.5G) EGPRS - Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (3G) 9

185 GSM/EDGE/GPRS/EGPRS 의비교 (1) 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS GSM/ GPRS EDGE Modulation Bits/symbol Symbol rate Modulation Bit Rate Ratio Data Rate per time slot Data Rate per time slot (User Rate) 1 Theoretically 20 kbps 2 Theoretically 59.2 kbps GMSK ksym/s kbps 22.8 kbps 14.4 kbps 1 (8 slots = 115 kbps) 3π /8 8PSK ksym/s kbps 69.2 kbps 48 kbps 2 (8 slots = 384 kbps) Sources Agilent GSM/EDGE Self-Guided Demonstration for the E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator and PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers Ericsson Research, 10

186 GSM/EDGE/GPRS/EGPRS 의비교 (2) 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS CS Coding Schemes Contains error coding corrections used in different transmission environments. MCS Modulation Coding Schemes Enables higher data rates. 11

187 GSM 계열의진화 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS 1G (Analog) 2G (Narrowband digital) 2.5G 3G (Wideband digital) TACS NMT RTMI/RTMS C-Netz GSM TDMA (IS-54) GPRS/EDGE WCDMA (UMTS) AMPS CDMA (IS-95A) CDMA (IS-95B) cdma

188 GPRS Evolution (1) 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS GSM = Group Special Mobile 9.6kbps HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data 115kbps GPRS = General Packet Radio Service 171kbps EGPRS = Enhanced General Packet Radio Service 384kbps EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution GERAN = GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network UTRAN = UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 2Mbps 13

189 GPRS Evolution (2) 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS GSM = Group Special Mobile 9.6kbps HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data 115kbps GPRS = General Packet Radio Service 171kbps EGPRS = Enhanced General Packet Radio Service 384kbps EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution GERAN = GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network UTRAN = UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 2Mbps 14

190 GPRS Evolution (3) 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS 3GPP Standard: 3GPP phase 1, phase 2, phase 2+ (Release 96), Release 97, Release 99, Release 4, Release 5 15

191 GPRS Architecture 2. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - GSM/EDGEGPRS/EGPRS 16

192 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 IMT2000 Standard Family - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Standard Freq. band IMT-2000 Core network compatibility TD-SCDMA unpaired IMT-TD One mode of IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (NB-TDD, 1.28 Mcps) GSM MAP UTRA-FDD UTRA-TDD CDMA2000 UWCC136 DECT paired IMT-DS IMT-TD IMT-MC IMT-SC IMT-FT IMT-2000 CDMA DS (direct spread) unpaired Other mode of IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (WB-TDD, 3.84 Mcps) paired IMT-2000 CDMA MC (multicarrier) paired IMT-2000 TDMA SC (single carrier) unpaired IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA ANSI-41 GSM MAP GSM MAP ANSI-41 ISDN Primary standardisation bodies CWTS 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP2 TIA (US) ETSI 17

193 3GPP TDD Standard 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 TDD UMTS standards R Mcps, GPRS core network R Mcps, IP core network R5.0 HSDPA R Mcps, MIMO Time Division Duplex Optimal for asymmetry data: 3G UMTS high bandwidth service Adjustable TDD asymmetry Maximum spectral flexibility (IMT2000 Extension Band 2.5GHz) Synchronous uplink TD-CDMA UEs (User Equipments) transmit time adjusted for time aligned reception at the NodeB 18

194 TD-CDMA Physical Channel Structure 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Super Frame (4096 Radio Frames) Radio Frame (10ms) frame #0 frame #1 frame #N Time Slot (666.67μs) timeslot #0 timeslot #1 timeslot #2 timeslot #13 timeslot #14 Data 1 Midamble Data 2 GP 2560 Burst Type Data 1 Data 2 Midamble Guard Period 1 (2)976 (2)976 (2)512 (2)96 2 (2)1104 (2)1104 (2)256 (2)96 3 (2)976 (2)880 (2)512 (2)192 19

195 Spreading and Scrambling 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 m (1) - c 1 (1) m (1) - c 2 (1) m (5) - c 2 (2) m (1) - c 4 (1) m (3) - c 4 (2) m (5) - c 4 (3) m (7) - c 4 (4) m (1) - c 8 (1) m (2) - c 8 (2) m (3) - c 8 (3) m (6) - c 8 (4) m (5) - c 8 (5) m (4) - c 8 (6) m (7) - c 8 (7) m (8) - c 8 (8) m (1) - c 16 (1) m (9) - c 16 (2) m (2) - c 16 (3) m (10) - c 16 (4) m (3) - c 16 (5) m (11) - c 16 (6) m (6) - c 16 (7) m (14) - c 16 (8) m (5) - c 16 (9) m (13) - c 16 (10) m (4) - c 16 (11) m (12) - c 16 (12) m (7) - c 16 (13) m (15) - c 16 (14) m (8) - c 16 (15) m (16) - c 16 (16) Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) Code Tree Some Rules: 1) 1 Node 1 User 2) UE can only increase SF (UL only) Data Bits I/Q Mapping Downlink 16 codes at SF =16 Uplink Real OVSF Codes 2 codes at Spreading Factor 2, 4, 8,16 SF1 optional on both UL and DL Scrambling codes length 16 Complex Scrambling To Modulator 20

196 Training Sequences for Channel Estimation 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 P No Beacon Time Slots Basic Code Periodic Basic Code L m +(K-1)W Midamble User 1 Common Midamble Allocation P c(1) Code c(1)... Midamble m(x)... c(16 ) Code c(16 ) Midamble User 3 L m Midamble User 2 W Default Midamble Allocation P c(1)... c(m) c(m+1)... c(2m)... c(16-m+1)... Midamble m(1) Midamble m(2 )... Midamble m(k CELL ) Code c(1)... Code c(m) c(m+1)... c(2m)... Code c(16-m+1)... Long Midamble: P =456, L m =512, W=57 Midamble Schemes: c(16) Code c(16) M: Number of codes per Midamble (M=16/K CELL K CELL : Number of usable Midamble Shifts in this Cell Short Midamble : P =456, L m =256, W=64 1) Common (DL only) 2) Default 3) UE specific Midamble Allocation by Higher Layers P Codes of CCTrCH 1 Codes of CCTrCH 2... Midamble m(1) Midamble m(2)... Codes of CCTrCH 1 Codes of CCTrCH 2... Codes of CCTrCH U Midamble m(k CELL ) Codes of CCTrCH U K CELL : Number of usable Midamble Shifts in this Cell 21

197 Some UTRA TTD Mode Procedures 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Power Control Downlink Closed Inner-loop TPC commands Closed Outer-loop UE side: Signalled Quality Target (BLER) in Layer 3 message RB S et-up TFCS Selection Uplink Open Inner-loop: Signalled SIR Target in Layer 3 message PSCHAM Closed Outer-loop RNC: Not required for PRACH TFCS Selection Timing Advance Closed loop Initial estimate taken from PRACH PUSCH and UL DPCH provide differential updates Cell Reselection UE side Cell_FACH state Handover UE assisted Cell_DCH state TX Diversity Open-loop Closed-loop 22

198 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 Joint Detection - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Downlink Single-User Detector Multi-User Detector Supports space code transmit diversity and closed-loop transmit diversity Uplink Multi User Detector 2 branch receive diversity Advantages of Advanced Detection Methods Removes Intra-cell Interference Removes Inter-symbol Interference Accommodation of short codes (variable SF) implies reduced peak-to-average powe r ratio at UE transmitter. More efficient use of code space 100% usage of code space possible under multipath Small output power & relaxed power control specification 34dBm(5 Watt)/antenna 23

199 Performance 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Product IPWireless 1xEV-DO Rel-A DL Peak Data Rate (User) DL Peak Data Rate (Sector) 3.4 Mbps 3.4 Mbps (0.68 bps/hz) 3.1 Mbps 3.1 Mbps (1.24 bps/hz) DL Peak Data Rate (Cell) DL Average Data Rate (Sector) DL Average Data Rate (Cell) UL Peak Data Rate (User) UL Average Data Rate (Sector) Maximum Coverage Mobility Handoff Break Time 10.2 Mbps (2.04 bps/hz) 1.59 Mbps (0.31 bps/hz) 4.77 Mbps (0.93 bps/hz) 900 kbps 381 kbps (0.076 bps/hz) 29 km High (<250km/h) 120ms 9.3 Mbps (3.72 bps/hz) 850 kbps (0.34 bps/hz) 2.55 Mbps (1.02 bps/hz) 1.2 kbps 600 kbps (0.24 bps/hz) 120 km High (<250km/h) 5ms (sector), < 200ms (cell) 24

200 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 IMT2000 Standard Family - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Standard Freq. band IMT-2000 Core network compatibility TD-SCDMA unpaired IMT-TD One mode of IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (NB-TDD, 1.28 Mcps) GSM MAP UTRA-FDD UTRA-TDD CDMA2000 UWCC136 DECT paired IMT-DS IMT-TD IMT-MC IMT-SC IMT-FT IMT-2000 CDMA DS (direct spread) unpaired Other mode of IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (WB-TDD, 3.84 Mcps) paired IMT-2000 CDMA MC (multicarrier) paired IMT-2000 TDMA SC (single carrier) unpaired IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA ANSI-41 GSM MAP GSM MAP ANSI-41 ISDN Primary standardisation bodies CWTS 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP2 TIA (US) ETSI 25

201 Benefit of TD-SCDMA compared with FDD 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 No need of the paired frequency b and with the certain duplexing dist ance Optimizing the frequency efficienc y Easy to allocate the resource ada ptively (time slot, code etc..) Fast Channel Estimation because of the same Freq. Carrier in UL an d DL No need of unwieldy RF duplexer TD-SCDMA the same band in uplink and downlink D U D D D D D D FDD: the different band in the uplink and downlink D D D D D D D Resource : U U uplink D downlink not use 26

202 TSM, LCR and HCR 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 27

203 TSM vs. LCR-TDD in PHY Layer 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 28

204 TSM vs. LCR-TDD in Network Architecture 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 29

205 Three-Layer Structure 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 10 ms SFN = n SFN = n+1 SFN = n+2 Frame 5 ms SFN = 2n SFN = 2n+1 Sub-Frame Switching Point TS#0 GP TS#1 TS#2 TS#3 TS#4 TS#5 TS#6 Timeslot DwPTS UpPTS GP SYNC_DL GP SYNC_UL GP

206 Burst Structure (Normal Burst Format) 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 10 ms SFN = n SFN = n+1 SFN = n+2 Frame 5 ms SFN = 2n SFN = 2n+1 Sub-Frame TS#0 GP TS#1 TS#2 TS#3 TS#4 TS#5 TS#6 Time Slot Data Symbols Midamble Data Symbols GP

207 Transmit Power Control Characteristics 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Variable Uplink Variable Downlink Power Control Rate CLPC: 0 ~ 200 cycles/sec OLPC: about 200 μs~ 3575 μs delay CLPC: 0 ~ 200 cycles/sec Step Size ±1, 2, 3 db (CLPC) ±1, 2, 3 db (CLPC) Remarks All figures are without processing and measurement times 200 μs = 256 chips 3575 μs = 4576 chips Within one timeslot the power of all active codes may be balanced to within a range of 20 db 32

208 Key Features of TD-SCDMA 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 33

209 Joint Detection 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 34

210 Performance 3. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA 의개요 Product Siemens TSM 1xEV-DO Rel-A DL Peak Data Rate (User) DL Peak Data Rate (Sector) 2.0 Mbps 2.0 Mbps (0.68 bps/hz) 3.1 Mbps 3.1 Mbps (1.24 bps/hz) DL Peak Data Rate (Cell) DL Average Data Rate (Sector) DL Average Data Rate (Cell) UL Peak Data Rate (User) UL Average Data Rate (Sector) Maximum Coverage Mobility Handoff Break Time 6.0 Mbps (2.04 bps/hz)? Mbps (0.31 bps/hz)? Mbps (0.93 bps/hz)? Kbps? kbps (0.076 bps/hz) km High (<120km/h)? ms 9.3 Mbps (3.72 bps/hz) 850 kbps (0.34 bps/hz) 2.55 Mbps (1.02 bps/hz) 1.2 kbps 600 kbps (0.24 bps/hz) 120 km High (<250km/h) 5ms (sector), < 200ms (cell) 35

211 이동통신을위한용량증대기술 (1) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 기술 / 방안 특징 비고 FA 증설 6,..,12 Sectorization - 용량은 FA 수에비례 - H/O overhead 증가없음 - 3-sector에비하여이론상 2,..,4 배 -H/O overhead 증가 - PN pollution 발생 - Voice & data - Spectrum은제한 - Traffic 분포가균일할때효과가큼 Static Smart Dynamic/Static Sectorization - Sector간 Traffic 불균일보상 % 증대 - 섹터단위의빔특성조절 Antenna Adaptive Antenna Beam Selection - RF power의운용효율및용량증대 -약2배용량증대 - 가입자단위의빔할당 - 12 beam 안테나사용 Adaptive Smart Antenna Beam-steering Adaptive Beamforing - 신호의도래각을추정하여빔지향 - 약 2~3배용량증대 - 다중경로를이용하여단말에신호를집중, 간섭신호배제 - 용량증대효과최대 - Array 안테나사용 - Auxiliary Pilot 필요 -전용Modem - TDD 방식에적용가능 -SDMA 가능 -전용Modem 36

212 이동통신을위한용량증대기술 (2) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 기술 / 방안 특징 비고 4-br Rx Diversity - 단말기변경이필요없음 - Fading 의영향을완화 Space Diversity Space Time Spreading (STS) 외 Tx diversity 기술 - 단말기변경이필요함 ( 표준에반영 ) -Tx diversity - Antenna 소자간격이 4~10 파장이상되거나 X polarization 된소자를사용 MIMO - Rich Scattering Environment - 기지국, 단말모두다중안테나사용 - 단말기변경, 표준화필요함 - 용량은안테나수에비례 - BLAST: Bell-lab s LAyered Space Time 37

213 Static smart antenna 기술 (1) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Sector sculpting Conventional Static/Dynamic Sectorization 실제로기지국에서측정된자료. 섹터간의 call 수로부터 load 가크게불균일함을알수있다. Source: Metawave SpotLight 소개자료 38

214 Static smart antenna 기술 (2) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Sector sculpting (cont ) Lucent Flexent (850 MHz) Modular Cell base station을사용하는 400개 cell site에 Metawave의 SpotLight 2230 system을장착하여 3-sector 시스템에서는 50% 의용량증대를, 그리고 6-sector 시스템에서는 94% 용량증대 (Metawave press release June 5, 2002) 39

215 수신 Antenna diversity 기술 (1) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Purpose: Mitigate the effect of signal fading caused by multipath propagation Method: Combining a group of antenna outputs or selecting one of them Antenna Height Effective Height Frequency Antenna Spacing Antenna Orientation Aperture Gain Antenna Gain Correlation Coefficient Diversity Type Diversity Gain 40

216 수신 Antenna diversity 기술 (2) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Fading and Multipath Propagation Antennas for the Base Station Y ( n) = wm X m( n) m Signal Strength Combined Signal Strength Ant. #1 t Ant. #2 t Ant. #3 t Ant. #4 t t 41

217 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 수신 Antenna diversity 기술 (3) - 중요요소기술 Selection Diversity Select outputs of antenna with the highest SNR Simple but lowest diversity gain Equal Gain Combining (EGC) Combine outputs of antennas with the same weight Higher diversity gain than that of selection diversity Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) Combine outputs of antennas with weights which maximize signal to nose ratio Same technique as CDMA RAKE receiver Minimum Mean Squared Error Combining (MMSE) Combine outputs of antennas with weights which minimizes the mean squared error (difference between transmitted signal and combined signal waveform) Diversity gain is generally equal to or higher than MRC (depending on existence of interference) 42

218 수신 Antenna diversity 기술 (4) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Spatially separated 2 pairs of ±45 (Xpol) polarized antennas or four vertically (Vpol) polarized antennas. 4 ~ 10 λ 4 ~ 10 λ Rx1/Tx1 Duplex Rx1/Tx1 Duplex Rx1/Tx1 Duplex Rx1/Tx1 Duplex Rx1/Tx1 Duplex Rx1/Tx1 Duplex PA Up Conv. LNA LNA Down Conversion PA Up Conv. LNA LNA LNA Down Conversion LNA Symbolization of Cross Polarized Antenna Baseband Processing Baseband Processing Conventional 2-br Rx diversity 4-Br Rx diversity 43

219 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 수신 Antenna diversity 기술 (4) - 중요요소기술 4-br Rx Diversity 의효용성 단말기전력감소 Fading 완화에의한 data rate 증대 용량 /coverage 증대 Comparison (ref. Lucent, 1 Aug., 2001) E b /N o with 4-br diversity v.s. E b /N o with 2-br diversity for same frame error rate (FER) Condition Voice Only (RC3) Voice with High-Rate Data User Diversity Gain (Eb/No) > 2dB at FER 1% > 6dB Diversity Gain Qualcomm (Roberto Padovani, Further Capacity Improvement in CDMA Cellular Systems ) Median E c /N t 2 V-Pol db 4 X-Pol -24 db 44

220 송신 Antenna diversity 기술의개요 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Goal To overcome the problem of fading in mobile communications Method Transmission by use of multiple antennas Schemes Transmit diversity without feedback from receiver (Open loop) OTD, STTD, STS, TSTD Transmit diversity with feedback from receiver (Closed loop) TxAA 45

221 Orthogonal Transmit Diversity (OTD) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 OTD Encoder w n (n) S (n) S1 S1 Filt/Mod. S 1 S 2 S 2 S 2 Filt/Mod. w n (n) S (n) Coded symbols are split into two different streams Different walsh spreading codes are used to maintain orthogonality Any number of transmit antenna can be applied Recommended for cdma2000 Standard (by Motorola) 46

222 Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 STTD Encoder w n (n) S (n) S 1 S 2 Filt/Mod. S 1 S 2 * S 2 * S 1 Filt/Mod. w n (n) S (n) Orthogonally coded symbols are transmitted thru. two antennas * * ( S S2) ( S2 S1 ) = S1S2 S1S2 1 = Recommended for W-CDMA Standards ( by TI ) Restrict to use two antennas 0 47

223 Space Time Spreading (STS) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 STS Encoder (n) w n S(n) S 1 S 2 ˆ * S1 S 2 1 = S 2 ˆ * S1 + S 2 1 = S 2 Ŝ1 Ŝ2 Filt/Mod. * Ŝ 2 * Ŝ 1 Filt/Mod. (n) w n S(n) Simplified version of BLAST STTD encoding, after changing symbol constellation Generally, the same performance as STTD Recommended for cdma2000 Standards ( by Lucent tech. ) Expendable to more antennas 48

224 Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 w n (n) S(n) Filt/Mod. S 1 S 2 Filt/Mod. Each frame is transmitted alternatively using two or more antennas Least complexity (requires only RF/IF block in MS) Same, or more performance than OTD Recommended as WCDMA Standards 49

225 Transmit Adaptive Array (TxAA) 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 w n (n) S(n) h = 1 1 α jθ 1e Filt/Mod. S 1 S 2 ŵ 1 Filt/Mod. h = 2 α jθ 2e 21 Estimte h,w using Pliot sig. w n (n) S(n) ŵ 2 Compute Weight From feedback Feed back from MS Calculate /Quantize wts Calculate weight(w) to maximize following receive power at MS, then feed back to BS P = w H H H Hw wˆ i h = * i / α + α

226 Smart Antenna 기술 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Key Benefit Improve systme capacity Reduce power control requirement Same range coverage with lower power Larger carrier to interference ratio Channel efficiency by reducing MAI Capacity Improvement Beamforming Method Forward Beamforming Reverse Beamforming 51

227 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 Smart Antenna 기술 - 중요요소기술 Beam-steering Controls looking-direction (or MRA) to get maximum signal strength In order to avoid pilot and traffic channel mismatch, beamwidth should be adjusted in CDMA2000. Narrower traffic beam Difference in beam response Wider traffic beam Pilot beam 52

228 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 Smart Antenna 기술 - 중요요소기술 Adaptive Beamforming Optimize beampattern for a given performance criteria Maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) Minimum mean squared error (MMSE) Maximum signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) Linearly constrained adaptive beamforming Maximum likelihood (ML) 53

229 MIMO 기술 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Exploiting rich scattering wireless channel with multiple Tx and Rx antennas Capacity can be increased N-fold, where N is the minimum number of Rx and Tx antennas. 54

230 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 MIMO 기술 - 중요요소기술 d Encoder Tx Rx Decoder dˆ SISO Tx Rx d Vector Encoder Tx Tx Tx Tx Rx Rx Rx Rx Vector Decoder dˆ MIMO Rich Scattering Channel Tx Rx 55

231 MIMO 기술 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 - 중요요소기술 Lucent 사의 Inteligent Antenna roadmap 일반적인 antenna array 형상 Lucent 형상 56

232 4. 이동통신의진화와요소기술 Summary - 중요요소기술 Benefit of Smart antennas Coverage extension Capacity increase Tradeoffs in Advanced RF Number of antennas Number cables Visual profiles Power amplifiers Baseband processing power 자료출처및참고자료 2002 년도 CDG 10 월발표자료 Vijay K. Garg, IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000, Prentice Hall PTR, NJ, Joseph C. Liberti JR. 외, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications,Prentice Hall PTR, NJ,

233 WCDMA Core Networks 송진한 삼성전자

234 목차 개요 망구성요소 CS Domain PS Domain IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) Future of WCDMA Networks IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 2

235 개요

236 General IMT-2000 standards 3GPP Asynchronous WCDMA, release 99, 5,6,7 ETSI, ARIB 3GPP2 cdma2000, 1X-EV DO, 1X-EV DV TIA 동기시스템 (CDMA2000) 모든기지국이동일한시간에맞추어동작함. GPS 위성에모든기지국이동기되어동작함. 기지국에 GPS 수신기장착 비동기시스템 (UMTS) 기지국마다각기다른시간으로동작함. 기지국 GPS 수신기가불필요 구현이동기보다어려움 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 4

237 W-CDMA, UMTS, UTRAN W-CDMA 기술적인관점에서다룰때 UMTS UMTS 시스템, 서비스적인측면에서다룰때 UTRAN 협의 : Radio Access Network 광의 : UMTS 전체망 Node B RNC UE Node B IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 5

238 3GPP Membership Organizational Partners ETSI ( 유럽 ) / T1 ( 미국 ) TTA ( 한국 ) / TTC / ARIB ( 일본 ) / CWTS ( 중국 ) Market Representatives 3G.IP GSA (Global mobile Suppliers Association) GSM Association IPV6 Forum MWIF (Mobile Wireless Internet Forum) UMTS Forum UWCC (Universal Wireless Communications Consortium) WMF (Wireless Multimedia Forum) Observers ACIF ( 호주 ) / TIA ( 미국 ) / TSACC (Canada) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 6

239 3GPP TSG Overview TSG (Technical Specification Group) Goals The Technical Specification Group (TSG) shall prepare, approve and maintain the 3GPP Technical Specifications and Technical Reports. Technical Co-ordination The Services and System Aspects group (TSG SA) shall have a particular responsibility for the technical co-ordination of work being undertaken with 3GPP, and for overall system architecture and system integrity. Technical Specification Groups TSG CN : Core Network TSG GERAN : GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network TSG RAN : Radio Access Network TSG SA : Services and System Aspects TSG T : Terminals IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 7

240 3GPP TSG WGs TSG TSG-SA TSG-CN TSG-GERAN TSG-RAN TSG-T SA 1 Services SA 2 Architecture SA 3 Security SA 4 CODEC SA 5 Telecom Management CN 1 MM/CC/SM (Iu) CN 2 CAMEL CN 3 Interworking with external networks CN 4 MAP/GTP/ BCH/SS CN 5 OSA GERAN 1 Radio GERAN 2 Protocol GERAN 3 BS test O&M GERAN 4 Terminal Rad. GERAN Terminal Prot. RAN 1 Radio layer 1 RAN 2 Radio layer 2/3 RAN 3 Iur/Iub/Iu/O&M RAN 4 Performance & protocol RF / BS CT T 1 Terminal CT T 2 Service & capabilities T 3 USIM IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 8

241 WCDMA Core Networks VMS SMS VOD단말기 전화교환망 Note PC Node B MSC GMSC IWF Node B RNC HLR Node B SGSN GGSN 인터넷교환망 PDA Node B RNC UTRAN Core Network VOD 단말기 데이터단말기 비디오서버 게임서버 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 9

242 3GPP 의진화방향 Release 99 본격적인 3G 서비스이전에 2G 핵심망을이용한과도적인망구조 Release 4 패킷백본 (CS) 을사용한본격적인 3G 핵심망구성 Release 5 IMS Phase 1, IP Transport Option Release 6 IMS Phase 2, IP 기반신규서비스및 WLAN 연동기능등의이슈추가 3GPP에서정의하는진화를위한기본전제조건 Future is evolution not revolution. 핵심기술부분과신기술도입이용이한응용서비스부분을분리 Application 기능을 Access( 전송 ) 기능에서분리 중 / 단기진화방안및장기진화방안을분리하여제시 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 10

243 망구성요소

244 회선교환과패킷교환 CS (Circuit Switching) Voice data와 Circuit data 처리 MSC/VLR : 회선교환접속의관리, 이동성관리, 데이터의보안 (Security) GMSC : 회선교환영역이외부망과연결되는통로역할 PS (Packet Switching) Packet data 를처리 SGSN : 패킷교환서비스의관리와지원을담당 GGSN : 다른패킷교환망으로의연결시키는통로 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 12

245 WCDMA Network Architecture Uu Iub Iu Cu USIM ME Node B : Node B Node B Iur RNS RNC MSC/VLR HLR GMSC PLMN, PSTN, ISDN, etc.. : Node B RNC SGSN : GGSN : Internet RNS UTRAN CN External Networks ME : Mobile Equipment RNS : Radio Network Sub-System MSC : Mobile Services Switching Center GMSC: Gateway MSC GPRS: General Packet Radio Service GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node RNC : Radio Network Controller UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network VLR : Visitor Location Register HLR : Home Location Register SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node CN : Core Network : Interface : Route for Circuit Switched Service : Route for Packet Switched Service IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 13

246 구성요소 Mobile Station (MS) The mobile station consists of the physical equipment used by a PLMN subscriber; it comprises the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), called UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) for Release 99 and following Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) An application residing on the UICC used for accessing UMTS services with appropriate security. Core network(cn) An architectural term relating to the part of UMTS which is independent of the connection technology of the terminal (eg radio, wired). IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 14

247 구성요소 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) The location register function in the SGSN stores two types of subscriber data needed to handle originating and terminating packet data transfer Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) The location register function in the GGSN stores subscriber data received from the HLR and the SGSN. Radio Network Controller (RNC) A Radio Network Controller (RNC) is a network component in the PLMN with the functions for control of one or more Node B. Node B A Node B is a network component, which serves one cell. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 15

248 구성요소 Home Location Register (HLR) This functional entity is a database in charge of the management of mobile subscribers. Visitor Location Register (VLR) A mobile station roaming in an MSC area is controlled by the Visitor Location Register in charge of this area. Authentication Centre (AuC) The Authentication Centre (AuC) is an entity which stores data for each mobile subscriber to allow the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) to be authenticated and to allow communication over the radio path between the mobile station and the network to be ciphered IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 16

249 구성요소 Mobile-services Switching Centre (MSC) The Mobile-services Switching Centre (MSC) constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks Gateway MSC (GMSC) If a network delivering a call to the PLMN cannot interrogate the HLR, the call is routed to an MSC. This MSC will interrogate the appropriate HLR and then route the call to the MSC where the mobile station is located IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 17

250 3GPP R 99 based core network 주요특징 PSTN Gi Gp 기존전화서비스를위한 CS Domain 이외에인터넷접속을위한 PS Domain 이공존 CS Domain : MSC, GMSC PS Domain : SGSN, GGSN 자체규격의 Packet Solution PSTN GMSC PSTN C D AuC H HLR EIR Gc Gr GGSN Gn GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 기반 Transcoder 위치가기지국제어기에서 MSC 로이동 MSC VLR B G E VLR B MSC F Gs Gf SGSN 기지국과핵심망사이의인터페이스를 ATM 으로정의 A IuCS Gb IuPS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 18

251 3GPP R4 based core network 신규추가기능 Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) Bearer Independent Call Control (BICC) 핵심망노드의변경 Call Control 기능을전송기능으로부터분리 VLR G B MSC server PSTN PSTN GMSC server MSC server SGSN Mc Mc 기존 (G)MSC 노드가 Media Gateway Function CS-MGW CS-MGW Nb (MGW) 와 (G)MSC Server A 로분리됨 IuCS Gb IuPS PSTN E Nc CS- MGW Nb Mc VLR B PSTN Nc D C F HLR EIR Gs H Gc Gf AuC Gr Gi GGSN Gn Gp IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 19

252 3GPP R5 based core network R4 구조와거의동일 PSTN PSTN PSTN Go Gi Gp HSS 노드의추가 Overlaid IM CN Subsystem Legend When the MSC and the SGSN are integrated in a single physical entity, this entity is called UMTS MSC (UMSC). A (G)MSC server and associated CS-MGW can be implemented as a single node: the (G)MSC. VLR MSC server Mc B CS-MGW PSTN E Nb G Nc CS- MGW Nb CS-MGW Mc VLR B GMSC server D MSC server Mc Nc C HSS (HLR,AuC) F EIR Gs Gc Gr Gf GGSN Gn SGSN A IuCS Gb IuPS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 20

253 CS Domain

254 CS Domain 의 Core Network Node MSC (Mobile Switching Center) 주요기능 RAN과 CS 공중망 (PSTN) 과의정합 음성전화서비스 연결된 RAN이관리하는영역내의단말의위치정보관리 단말의이동에따른 Handover 관리 VLR (Visitor Location Register) HLR로부터수신한가입자위치등록된가입자정보관리 MSC와논리적으로는분리된노드이나물리적으로는결합 MSC Server 3GPP Release 4부터분리된노드 MSC 내부의호처리기능및위치등록기능을수행 CS-MGW (Circuit Switched Media Gateway) MSC 내부의교환기능을수행 (Transcoder 포함 ) Packet 기반의교환장비로핵심망내부의전송효율을높임 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 22

255 Common Core Network Node HLR (Home Location Register) 이동통신망에가입된사용자 Profile DB AuC (Authentication Center) HLR에포함된형태로구현가능 이동가입자의보안등을목적으로단말기에서요청한인증키인증수행 EIR (Equipment Identity Register) 불법사용자검출을위한가입자 black list 관리 부가장치 CAMEL 기반의지능망서비스장비 SCP, IP LCS(Location Service) 를위한장비 GMLC, SMLC 기타 SMSC (Short Message Service Center) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 23

256 R 99 based UMTS network Iub data /AAL2/ATM Iur data/aal2/atm Iu-UP/AAL2/ATM BTS RNC PSTN BTS RNC MSC GMSC PSTN BTS BTS RNC BTS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 24

257 ATM based R4 network CS Domain RANAP/SCCP/MTP3b/ SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5/ATM BTS ALCAP/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM HLR BICC/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM ALCAP/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM BTS BTS RNC RNC MSC Server MGW GMSC Server MGW PSTN BTS RNC BTS Nb-UP/AAL2/ATM Iu-UP/AAL2/ATM IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 25

258 IP based R4 network CS Domain RANAP/SCCP/MTP3b/ SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5/ATM BTS ALCAP/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM HLR BICC/M3UA/SCTP/IP IPBCP (Q.1970)/ BICC Tunnel (Q.1990) BTS BTS RNC RNC MSC Server MGW GMSC Server MGW PSTN BTS RNC BTS Nb-UP/RTP/UDP/IP/L2/L1 Iu-UP/AAL2/ATM IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 26

259 ATM based R5 network CS Domain RANAP/SCCP/MTP3b/ SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5/ATM BTS ALCAP/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM HLR BICC/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM ALCAP/MTP3b/SSCF/ SSCOP/AAL5/ATM BTS BTS RNC RNC MSC Server MGW GMSC Server MGW PSTN BTS RNC BTS Nb-UP/AAL2/ATM Iu-UP/AAL2/ATM IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 27

260 IP based R5 network CS Domain RANAP/SCCP/ M3UA/SCTP/IPv6 BICC/M3UA/SCTP/IP HLR IPBCP (Q.1970)/ BICC Tunnel (Q.1990) BTS BTS BTS RNC RNC MSC Server MGW GMSC Server MGW PSTN BTS RNC BTS Nb-UP/RTP/UDP/IP/L2/L1 Iu-UP/ RTP/UDP/IPv6/L2/L1 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 28

261 PS Domain

262 PS Domain 의 Core Network Node SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) SGSN에연결되어있는 RNC 영역내의패킷단말위치정보관리 SGSN 하부의 RNC 단위로단말위치관리 패킷가입자정보관리 (PS Domain의 VLR 기능 ) 이동망가입자의패킷전달을위한 GPRS Tunneling 기능수행 GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) 인터넷망의패킷을단말위치에따라해당되는 SGSN으로 Forwarding GGSN 하부의 SGSN 단위로단말위치관리 인터넷공중망과의정합을위한다양한패킷프로토콜지원 PDP type IP Mobil IP PDP type PPP 다양한인터넷정합서비스제공 외부 ISP 및 Intranet 과의정합 (VPN) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 30

263 Packet Service Categories : 3GPP Case 1 : Normal IP TE PPP MT RNS GTP Tunnel SGSN GTP Tunnel Case 2 : PPP Endpoint GGSN ISP/ Intranet Node TE MT RNS GTP Tunnel PPP SGSN GTP Tunnel GGSN IP Network Node CN Case 3 : Mobile IP TE MT RNS GTP Tunne l SGSN GTP Tunnel GGSN FA MIP Tunnel HA Home Network Case 4 : Layer 2 Tunneling TE MT RNS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 GTP Tunnel SGSN GTP Tunnel PPP GGSN LAC (NAS) Public Network LNS (HGW) Layer2 Tunnel Enterprise Network Node 31

264 PS Domain 의 Protocol Stack RNC SGSN GGSN Control Plane RANAP RANAP GTP-C GTP-C SCCP MTP3b SCCP MTP3b UDP UDP SSCF SSCF SSCOP SSCOP IP 1 IP 1 AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2 ATM ATM L1 L1 User Plane Iu-ps Gn App. App. IP 0 PDCP RLC PDCP RLC GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U IP 0 UDP UDP UDP UDP MAC MAC IP 2 IP 2 IP 1 IP 1 L2 AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2 L1 L1 ATM ATM L1 L1 L1 Uu Iu-ps Gn Gi IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 32

265 GPRS 기반의 Roaming Gi Inter-PLMN N/W 협약된사업자간의망을통해모든 SGSN 과 GGSN 이상호연결 UE SGSN PDP Context SGSN Home Network BG Gp Gp BG Visited Network GGSN GGSN Internet/ Intranet Visited Network IM Subsystem SGSN GGSN PDP Context SGSN PS 가입자의이동성관리 (VLR 기능내장 ) GGSN Public IP 주소에따른 Anchor Point (IP address portability 제공 ) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 33

266 Release 5 망에서의 IM CN Subsystem Service Subsystem 기존장비에 Overlay 형태로 IP Multimedia CN Subsystem 추가 ( 기존 R4 핵심망장비변경없이기능확장가능 ) IM CN Subsystem Framework OSA AppSe R-SGW MGCF MRFC SCP CSCF IM-MGW MRFP HSS GGSN GMSC Srv MGW MSC Srv MGW CS CN Domain RAN SGSN PS CN Domain IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 34

267 IM CN Subsystem for 3GPP R5 N/W IMS (IP Multimedia Service) 확장된개념의 VoIP 서비스 SIP = session/call control protocol IPv6-based = IPv6 mandatory in the IP Multimedia CN Subsystem End-to-end QoS 보장방안필요 Mb Mb IP Multimedia Networks PSTN Mb MRFP Mb IMS- MGW Mb PSTN PSTN Mp Mb Mn Mj MGCF MRFC BGCF Mk BGCF Mg Mr PDF Go Mk CSCF Mi CSCF Mw P-CSCF Mw Gm Mm Cx Dx Legacy mobile signalling Networks UE HSS SLF C, D, Gc, Gr IM Subsystem IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 35

268 IP Multimedia Service (IMS) IP Multimedia CN Subsystem 추가적인 Domain 이아닌기존 PS Domain 에 overlay 구조 Signaling 독점적으로 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) 사용 Mobility Management CN 접속을위하여 GPRS PS bearer 사용 SIP Signaling 용 + IMS Bearer 용 PDP deactivation이이루어지기전에다음의과정이반드시요구됨 IMS de-registration Session Release UE의 IP 주소변경시 IMS 재등록 착신을위해 IMS 등록중에는 SIP 시그날용 PDP Context 유지 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 36

269 R5 이후의망진화방향 3GPP 표준진행상황 2002 년 3 월 Release 5 기능 1 차확정 (Frozen) Release 5 의기능보완은 Release 6 와함께 2003 년 6 월까지종료예정 MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service) 및 Network sharing, Priority Services, WLAN / UMTS interworking 기능추가 3GPP 에서정의하는진화를위한기본전제조건 Future is evolution not revolution. : 기존의인프라및적용기술은최대한유지하면서일부기능만보완 핵심기술부분과신기술도입이용이한응용서비스부분을분리 핵심기술은점진적인진화 / 응용서비스는즉각신기술도입 Application 기능을 Access ( 전송 ) 기능에서분리 : 전송망및단말 중 / 단기진화방안및장기진화방안을분리하여제시 (Reference: 3GPP Future Evolution meeting #2, New Orleans, USA, 9 th December 2002) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 37

270 3GPP Release 6 Technical Trends Basic Architecture model Almost same as Release 5 Newly added features Presence : TS , TR , TS MBMS : TS , TR , TS Generic User Profile (GUP) : TS , TS Wireless LAN (WLANs) : TR , TS , TR , TS Push Service : TS Digital Right Management (DRM) : TS Speech Recognition Framework for Automated Voice Service : TS IMS Group management : TS IMS Messaging : TR Network Sharing : TR Speech Enabled Service : TR IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 38

271 IMS

272 Why Service? SKT 종합미디어그룹표방 IHQ 지분인수통한연예기획 / 게임개발 / 영화제작 / 드라마제작연계 음반업체인 YBM 서울음반인수및음악서비스인 ` 멜론 ' 연계 게임업체인엔씨소프트와모바일게임합작사설립설 TU 미디어통한위성 DMB 개시 KT/KTF KT 그룹 콘텐츠사업협의회 출범 MP3 음원포탈 도시락 강화 (KTF) 게임포탈지팡강화 (KTF) 삼성전자제휴통한홈네트워크및컨텐츠사업부문강화 (KT) BcN, VoIP, WLAN, WiBro 통한유무선통합사업자추진 (KT) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 40

273 What is IMS? IMS is the IP Multimedia Subsystem as defined by 3GPP 3GPP IMS standards define a network domain dedicated to the control an d integration of multimedia services IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards (2002) IMS definition by IETF Open-systems architecture that supports a range of IP-based services over both PS and CS networks, employing both wireless and fixed access technologies IMS builds on IETF protocols Based upon SIP, SDP, COPS and Diameter protocols 3GPP have enhanced these IETF protocols IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 41

274 Motivation of IMS development Legacy 2G PS services normally uses dynamic IP addresses, only al located to the UE when the UE establishes PS connection; Results in pull-based approach (dial-up approach); Very limited support for push-based services; Need a standardised way for establishing sessions with other users How to establish a video session, audio session with somebody on the In ternet? E.g. user wants to start chess game with peer user? What signalling to use? Network convergence (removal of CS CN?) Need an architecture that combines an open service creation environ ment with the ability to charge for use of network resources Classical IN architecture is not flexible enough because it is constrained by service logic and triggers in call servers (also applies for Softswitch) IMS is an architecture, not a product IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 42

275 IMS Concepts IP Multimedia domain for call control based on SIP 3GPP specifies features to fullfil operator requirements, e. g.: QoS control Charging Security Subscription profiles Interworking with other networks (CS/PSTN) IMS provides building blocks allowing faster integration an d deployment of IP multimedia services IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 43

276 Layered Architecture Old Fashion IMS Style IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 44

277 Standard Services Presence-based services Instant messaging Voice Telephony (VoIP) Video Telephony Push-to media services (push-to-talk/view/video) Content sharing / data transfer Group chat Multimedia Streaming Web Browsing Multiparty gaming PIM services, such as calendars and alerts Multimedia (Audio/Web/video) conferencing.. And the list goes on IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 45

278 Standard Group Related IMS 3GPP 3GPP2 ETSI ITU-T IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) Core Network Architecture for Mobile Packet Network based VoIP & Multimedia Service Reusing 3GPP s IMS Architecture Unified TIPHON (VoIP) and SPAN (Fixed) to TISPAN FG-NGN (Next Generation Network) Using IMS as the reference model for IP based network MSF Cable Labs Trying to get Interoperability between IMS and Non-IMS Network Enlarging Focus Area : FMC, Guaranteed NGN Service & Architecture PacketCable2.0 to support advanced multimedia services Integrating the current PacketCable1.x and PCMM specification Network Architecture based on IMS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 46

279 IMS Features Mobility Management Support Mobility / Nomadicity Service mobility independent of User and Terminal Location QoS control Network based VoIP Provide QoS along with Services Real-time and non real-time, communication services Between peers, or in a client-server configuration IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 47

280 IMS Features Charging Provide variable charging mechanism (Online/Offline charging, Flow Based Charging, etc.) Security Authentication/Authorization for providing services Protection of unauthorized peer-to-peer traffic or rogue RTP Inter-working with other networks (Legacy) Interworking between same operator network and different operator network for providing services Independent Configuration with variable Access Network CDMA, WCDMA, Wibro, WLAN, etc. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 48

281 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) IMS uses SIP as the protocol for session management SIP is standardised by IETF (RFC-3261) Main SIP functionality: Setup, Modify and Tear down of multi-media Sessions Request and deliver presence information Instant messaging Works with URI s Uniform Resource Indicators, which might be location independent User related URI, also called AOR Address of Record This you store in your address book Device URI Associated to a user for a shorter period of time IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 49

282 SIP: Simple signalling example (no proxy) Irma Erik INVITE 180 Ringing 200 OK ACK Media Session BYE INVITE SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP server1.kpn.nl:5060; branch=d987fsdjhff Max-Forwards: 70 To: Erik <sip: From: Irma <sip: tag=98774 Call-ID: server1.kpn.nl Cseq: 1 INVITE Subject: When do we meet? Contact: irma@knp.nl Content-Type: application/sdp Content-Length: 158 SDP content 200 OK Peer-to-Peer Text based Most often using UDP, but can also use other transport protocols. Without Proxy, IP address of peer user needs to be known. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 50

283 SIP: Signalling example (with proxy) Irma SIP Proxy Erik - User related URI Irma (from) - User related URI Erik (to) - Device URI Irma (contact) INVITE 180 Ringing 200 OK INVITE 180 Ringing 200 OK - User related URI Irma (from) - User related URI Erik (to) - Device URI Erik (contact) ACK Media Session BYE 200 OK Irma does not know where Erik is: DNS lookup on Erik s URI domain name (idols.nl) DNS lookup returns IP address of the proxy server INVITE is sent to this address Proxy server: looks up the SIP URI in the request URI sip: erik@idols.nl in its DB, and determines the current IP ad dress where Erik can be reached; Forwards INVITE to that address If Erik is temporarily reachable via another node, he could sent a REGISTER message to a REGISTRAR server, to inform it about the new node. This information can then be used by a SIP Proxy. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 51

284 IMS architecture C h a n n e l 4 e d j a a q s k w l d f r r f f s a a q s k w l d e d j r r f f a a q s k w l d e d j r r SIP signalling P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF User Traffic GPRS/UMTS Access IP Multimedia CN Subsystem P-CSCF (Proxy-Call Session Control Function) is the first contact point within the IMS for the subscriber. I-CSCF (Interrogating-CSCF) is the contact point within an operator's network for all connections destined to a subscrib er of that network operator, or a roaming subscriber currently located within that netw ork operator's service area. S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF) performs the session control services for the subscriber. It also acts as a SIP Registrar. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 Source: RFC

285 IMS Call Flow Example (Case: IMS to IMS) Home B Home A HSS HSS CX-Query Resp 3. CX-Query S-CSCF 9 14 I-CSCF 6 15 S-CSCF 5. Invite 16. OK I-CSCF Invite P-SCSF Visited B Visited A P-CSCF GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network 18 GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network 1. Invite B IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 A Traffic Path Signaling Path 53

286 3GPP Reference Architecture IMS Model Different IP Network PSTN Legacy mobile signaling Networks Mb Mb PSTN PSTN BGCF Mk Mk CSCF Mm IMS- MGW Mb Mn Mj MGCF BGCF Mg Mr Mw Mi CSCF Mw Cx Dx HSS SLF C, D, Gc, Gr Mb MRFP Mb Mp Mb MRFC P-CSCF Gq Gm UE IMS IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 54

287 IMS Architecture Control Plane Traffic Plane IMS I-CSCF Mw P-CSCF Cx S-CSCF HSS Cx The HSS holds the I-CSCF IMS service profile of the subscribers. Mm Other IP/ IMS network UE UTRAN Go Gi PS Domain SGSN GGSN CSCFs are the IMS entities responsible of the Gi call control: there are 3 types of CSCFs depending on their role: S-CSCF interconnects to P-CSCF (Proxy CSCF) external IP networks and S-CSCF (Serving CSCF) other IMS networks. I-CSCF (Interrogating CSCF) If THIG is used by the operator to hide its internal The PS domain provides configuration, the connection the IP bearer to access to external to networks goes the IMS, i.e. a PDP context. through an I-CSCF. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 55

288 IMS Architecture Control Plane Traffic Plane In Release 6, the PDF can be separated from the P-CSCF. Those two entities are then connected through the Gq interface. IMS UTRAN PDF Gq Go I-CSCF Mw The MRF is used for P-CSCF multiparty call control Go Gi Gi Gi MRF Cx S-CSCF Mr IMS- MGW Mn HSS Cx Mi Mg MGCF I-CSCF Mm Mk BGCF Mj SGW Other IP/ IMS network Those entities are responsible for interworking between IMS and CS domain/pstn UE SGSN GGSN PS Domain Legacy/ PSTN IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 56

289 IMS 주요 Functional Entity 의역할 FE Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF) Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF) Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF) Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Subscription Locator Function (SLF) IMS Network 내에서 UE 에대한최초 Contact Point 역할 SIP Registration 시 UE 와 I-CSCF 간 Proxy 역할 SIP 호 Setup 시 UE 와 S-CSCF 간 Proxy 역할 P-CSCF 와각각의 UE 사이의 Security Association 관리 (UNI 구간의 IPSec) SIP 메시지에대한 Compression/Decompression 을수행 (SigComp) SIP Registrar 기능 Registered User 에대한 Session 제어및 Session 상태관리 다양한서비스를제공하기위해서 Service Platform 과상호연동 PSTN 으로전송되는메시지를라우팅하기위해 BGCF 와연동 하나의사업자망에대한 Contact Point 역할 착신 User 에대한 S-CSCF 를찾거나, 현재사업자망의서비스영역안으로 Roaming 한 User 의발신 S-CSCF 를찾기위해서사용 외부로부터사업자망의 Configuration, Capacity, Topology 를숨기기위한 Topology Hiding Inter-network Gateway (THIG) 기능 Home 망에서가입자의정보를제공하는 Master DB User Identification, Numbering, Addressing 정보 User Security 정보, User Location 정보 User Profile 정의및역할 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 57

290 IMS 주요 Functional Entity 의역할 FE Media Gateway Control Function (IMS-MGC) Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) IMS-Media Gateway Function (IMS-MGW) Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC) Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) Policy Decision Function (PDF) Legacy 망 (PSTN, PLMN) 연동기능 IMS-MGW 의 Resource 제어 IMS Network 에서 PSTN 으로 Breakout 이발생한경우, 해당 PSTN 과상호연동기능을수행하는 IMS-MGW 를제어할수있는 MGCF 를찾아메시지를전송하는기능 Legacy 망 (PSTN, PLMN) 연동기능 Multimedia Resource 에대한제어기능 다양한 media streams 을제공 (multimedia announcements/ tones) MRFC 의제어를받아 Bearer connection 제어 Media streams mixing 기능 (e.g. for multiple parties) Media streams 에대한다양한가공처리기능 (e.g. audio transcoding, media analysis) Authorization of resources Reservation of resources 정의및역할 IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 58

291 Registration Call Flow UE P-CSCF I-CSCF HSS S-CSCF REGISTER REGISTER Query REGISTER Receive AV REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 59

292 IMS initial Call Session Flow UE #1 P-CSCF #1 S-CSCF #1 I-CSCF #1 S-CSCF #2 P-CSCF #2 UE #2 INVITE INVITE 100 Trying INVITE 100 Trying INVITE 100 Trying 100 Trying PRACK PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK UPDATE UPDATE UPDATE 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK PRACK PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK ACK ACK ACK IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 Media Session INVITE INVITE 100 Trying 100 Trying PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK UPDATE UPDATE 200 OK 200 OK PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK ACK ACK 60

293 CS to IMS Call Flow UE #1 MGW MGCF S-CSCF #1 I-CSCF #1 S-CSCF #2 P-CSCF #2 UE #2 IAM INVITE INVITE 100 Trying INVITE 100 Trying INVITE 100 Trying INVITE 100 Trying 100 Trying PRACK PRACK PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK COT UPDATE UPDATE UPDATE UPDATE 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK OK PRACK PRACK PRACK PRACK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK ACM 200 OK 200 OK ACM ACK ACK ACK ACK Media Session IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 61

294 IMS Phase 2 Release 6 Main Work Items for IMS Phase 2: IMS Conferencing IMS Messaging IMS Group Management Additional SIP capabilities (e.g. forking) Interworking with IP networks: IETF SIP and IPV4 networks Interworking between IMS and CS networks Local Services Other Work Items: Interworking and migration scenario for IPv4 based IMS QoS improvements (Gq) 3GPP enablers for services like PoC IMS Commonality and Interoperability Flow-Based Charging IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 62

295 IMS Related Work Item in 3GPP Release 7 Combining CS with IMS Combined CS call and IMS Session, Combination of CS and IMS Services Combining CS Bearers with IMS Circuit Switched IMS Combinational Service (CSICS) SWG Meeting SA1 Group (The XIX Club) Combination of CS and IMS Services (CSI) SA2 Group Voice Call Continuity (VCC) between CS and IMS Real-time voice call continuity when moving between the GSM/UMTS CS D omain and WLAN interworking with home IMS functionality Define new functional entity call CCCF(Call Continuity Control Function) enabling call continuity between CS and IMS domain Fixed Broadband Access to IMS (FBI) Protocol impact from providing IMS services via fixed broadband Emergency calls in PS and IMS Multimedia Telephony Capabilities for IMS (new WI) IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 63

296 Future of WCDMA Networks

297 Mobile Standard Roadmap Mobility G 3G+ High Speed Medium Speed Low Speed 1G ( Analog ) AMPS ETACS JTACS NMT 2G ( Digital ) CDMA/GSM/TDMA 2.4 GHz WLAN CDMA2000 EV-DO/DV W-CDMA/HSDPA b PAN 3G ( IMT2000 ) 5 GHz WLAN Bluetooth a/g WiBro e High speed WLAN Wi-Max ~ 14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps WPAN RFID ZigBee MANet <100 Mbps Data Rates IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 65

298 3GPP Standardization Progresses UTRAN Evolution 4G Air tech & IP-based Network Standards Approve UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) Study Item : TSG- RAN Approve System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Study Item : TSG- SA Standard IMS WLAN I/W PoC MBMS UTRAN Evolution Workshop ( ) - OFDM Based Air Interface - UTRAN Architecture Evolution - Signaling optimization HSDPA EDCH Release 99/4 Release 5 Release 6 Release Release 99/4 system Commercial IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 Release 5/6 system Evolution system 66

299 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Evolution target (WCDMA Evolution) Max. Data Rate :100 Mbps (downlink), 50 Mbps 20 MHz Reduced User plane : Less than 5ms E-UTRA Reduced Control plane: Less than 100ms transition Study Item scope Evolution of radio interface layer 1 e.g. employing OFDM Evolution of radio interface layer 2 and 3 Evolution of UTRAN network architecture Study Item Work Item Requirement Decision RAN Architecture, Multiple access scheme Decision Study Item TR approval Stage 2 completion RAN-CN functional split Decision Channel Structure, Mobility details Decision 6 Feasibility Study Core Specification IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 67

300 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) UTRAN Evolution -RAN- All IP Network -Service Aspect- Heterogeneous Network Integration -Architecture- Optimization of IP based services IP based network evolution Support of heterogeneous access network Mobility support between different Access systems System Architecture Evolution ~ 2007/06 A new WI about 3GPP System Architecture Evolution was approved in the SA#26 meeting (SP ). Comprise of three objectives Overall architecture impacts stemming from requirements coming out from TSG- RAN s Study Item on Radio Evolution (see SP ). Overall architecture impacts stemming from the work in SA1 on an All-IP Network (AIPN) (see TR ) Overall architecture aspects of supporting mobility between heterogeneous access networks, including service continuity. IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 68

301 Architectural Changes from Requirements Key Requirement Low Latency Low Cost Key Change Reduced number of intermediate Nodes Reduced number of interfaces E-PDN E-PDN IMS IMS GGSN AlPN CN Gn Node UTRAN SGSN RNC Iu RNC Iub 4 Nodes 3~4 Interfaces 2 Nodes 1 Interface Evolved RAN (E-RAN) IP? Node B Node B Node B Node Node Node UE Uu User plane aspect UE Uu IP PDCP RLC MAC Physical User Plane IMT-2000 이동통신표준기술 69