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1 Atmosphere. Korean Meteorological Society Vol. 2, No. (20) pp kt m w w kt» ), *Á 2) ) w w w w/w y 2)» œw» ( : , : 20, y : 20 2 ) A Definition and Criterion on Typhoons Approaching to the Korean Peninsula for the Objective Statistical Analysis Il-Ju Moon ), * and Eu-soo Choi 2) ) Jeju National University, College of Ocean Science/Ocean and Environment Research Institute 2) Jeju Airport Weather Station, Korea Meteorological Administration (Received : 2 October 200, Revised : January 20, Accepted : February 20) Abstract A definition on the tropical cyclone (TC) that influenced the Korean Peninsula (KP), the KP-influence TC, is widely used in the TC communities, but its criterion is not clear mainly due to the ambiguity and subjectiveness of the term such as 'influence', which led to the inconsistent TC statistical analysis. This study suggests a definition and criterion on the TC approaching to the KP (KP-approach TC) additionally, which is more obvious and objective than the KP-influence TC. In this study, the criterion on the KP-approach TC is determined when the TC's center from the RSMC best track data encounters the box areas of 28 N~40 N and 20 E~38 E. The range is chosen by finding a minimum area that includes all official KPinfluence TCs except three TCs that affected the KP as a tropical depression (TD). Statistical analysis reveals that, among total,537 TCs that occur in the western North Pacific during , the KP-approach TC was 472, the KP-influence TC was 87, and the KP-landfall TC was 87. August was the month that the largest TCs approach and influence to the KP. Finally, this paper suggests to determine the KP-influence TC by the strong wind and heavy rain advisories in the KP based on the observation after the storm's passage. Keywords: Tropical cyclone, Korean peninsula, Statistical analysis, Approach, Influence, Landfall. ù w w ƒ kt(typhoon or Tropical Cyclone, TC) vw 60% w x» x. p, 2000 kt (025), Corresponding Author: Il-Ju Moon, Jeju National University, College of Ocean Science/Ocean and Environment Research Institute Phone : , Fax : ijmoon@jejunu.ac.kr (034), ù (07) w kt w v wƒ f š ( Á, 2008). ³ ƒ f š kt w vw» w ƒ v w, w š yw kt m ƒ v w (, 2002; ¼, 2006;, 2007;», 2007; Choi and Kim, 2007). w w kt ù w ƒ w kt m ƒ z m œ» kt» d 45

2 46 kt m w w kt» š. p,»z y w (Korean Peninsula, KP) kty ( sw) y w ktm w f š (Moon and Kwon, 200). kt w ù œ» kt (», 996), w w kt» kt 32 N 40 N, 20 E 38 E ü š w w wš» ù kt m wš.,» w w w» q w ³ kt w w š» w («x Á, 2008). ¾ ktm w w kt w kt»» ù» w ( ³, 992; ¼, 2006; Choi, et al., 2007; «x Á, 2008). ³ (992) 25 ùš 0 40 m w kt 7~9 w w ù, w, w, ûw ù kt w w kt w. ¼ (2006) ks w w 25 N ù 0 E~ 40 E m w kt w w ù, e w kt kt eƒ 25 N ƒ 20 E~35 E w w kt w. Choi et al.(2007)»»z d kt 32 N~40 N 20 E~38 E ù kt w w kt w. «x Á (2008) kt e,»» w, kt, š 34 kt ¼ 4ƒ w y w w kt» w. ktm» wš w w ƒ tx wš š» w š w». w w kt w vw wœ» w, w Á w¾ sw. w y w kt w w vwƒ w w ƒ w w w w sw, w» w» wz» 2«y (20) sw. š ktm w w w kt(kp-influence TC) w kt(kp-approach TC) wš» wš w. w kt» wš w kt p w ü wš» w w kt sww ƒ w. 2» w» w w w. 3 2 w kt w ƒ w š Á mw w. p, (Tropical Depression, TD) w w e kt w w kt sw ƒ w ks w» w m w. 5 wš wz w w m w. 2. w kt» w» w ¾ ù w kt sw k ƒ w w. kt w kt j» j kt l w. kt p ü w w kt wš w.» p w w sww kt w w kt sww w. kt w» w 3. w kt» sw w w k t kt» ù d t w w w (» p» w ƒ?) wš w. 57 (95 ~2008 ) p» l(regional Specialized Meteorological Center-Tokyo, RSMC Tokyo) kt (Best track). ks w kt e( Á ) (» Á t ) 6 œw. 6 kt 5 ü w. ƒ

3 kt w ü m w m ƒ» w (, 200). y m w w w kt w w kt ƒ w.» w w kt /6 o w kt w w w.» Choi et al.(2007) w kt ƒ w w ù w Kim et al.(2006) w w (36 N, 28 E) l 5 ü ù». w kt» w w. 3. w kt» x» kt wwš ƒkt l kt w kt (25 N, 35 E ) kt (28 N, 32 E ) wš. w»» z d kt» d w w kt kt eƒ 32 N~40 N, 20 E~38 E ü w wš. w kt» w» w w 57 ks w» w w k t w. w kt» w w kt w kt sw kt» d t w kt w w w. 3.. : kt ƒkt l kt û w Á 47 Fig.. Tracks of the KP-approach TCs belonged to the Criterion (28 ~40, 20 ~32, black box) during (28 N~40 N, 20 E~32 E) w. Fig. 57 m w kt ù kü. m w kt 320» w w kt 87 kt 33 ƒ (Table ). kt w w kt sw sw kt 9 (606, 724, 7220, 746, 7420, 763, 820, 9709, 0) ùkû. 9 k t 3 (724, 7420, 763) w w kt š, ù 6 kt(606, 7220, 746, 820, 9709, 0) 32 E ù» sw (Fig. 2). p, kt» 7420 w kt(ts) ¾ w w (TD). RSMC w» š kt 7420» wš Table. Total number of the KP-approach TC (KP-A TC) during , the differences between the KP-A TC and the KP-influence TC (KP-I TC), and the number (and list) of the KP-I TC excluded from the KP-A TC. Numbering of the typhoon in the list is based on the RSMC's rule except 7420 which follows the rule of the Typhoon Baekseo. Criteria Total Number of KP-A TC Differences between KP-A TC and KP-I TC (87) KP-I TC excluded from KP-A TC Total Number List , 724 *, 7220, 746, 7420 *, 763 *, 820, 9709, *, 763 *, *, 7420 *, 763 *, (Final) *, 7420 *, 763 * *Tropical cyclones approached to the KP as a tropical depression (TD). Atmosphere, Vol. 2, No.. (20)

48 kt m w w kt» Fig. 2. Tracks of the official KP-influence TCs which are not belonged to the KP-approach TCs based on the Criteria -4 (black boxes) during 95-2009.. 9 kt Ÿ w ù š kt w w k t ¾?

4 48 kt m w w kt» Fig. 2. Tracks of the official KP-influence TCs which are not belonged to the KP-approach TCs based on the Criteria -4 (black boxes) during kt Ÿ w ù š kt w w k t ¾? w w» w ƒ kt» d» r (Table 2).» kt w w w» q w»» kt w» t» p» w.» p» t ( t 4 m/s t 20 m/s ) y (2 80 mm ) w. 9 kt 960 6y kt Della 8 28 sw t 26.7 m/s t 28.0 m/ s» w (Table 2). w 8 30 t 8.3 m/s t 24.4 m/s» w. w» t z» kt Della t w w w w y kt Helen 9 7» p w t 5.3 m/s t 22.7 m/s» w y kt Bess 8 2 t 4.0 m/s t 25.0 m/s» w š, 997 9y kt Rosie 7 27 t 2.0 m/s» w. 200 y kt Kaemi 8 22 š t 4.4 m/s» w. w t z» w. w kt w w kt 724, 7420, 763 w w w kt. 3 kt w» p zw w j w e ùkû (Table 2) y kt Betty 8 9 z w w mm» w š, mm» w y kt w» w 8 29 t 6.7 m/s, t 30.0 m/s» w.» 30 Ÿ mm (28 30 ) 36.2 mmƒ» y kt Billie 8 2 z w w 3 t 4.7 m/s t 20.0 m/s» w.» 22.4 mm mm» sw kt» 9 w w kt w» p ü w kt.» w w kt sww w kt» w w : kt 2 ƒkt l kt û w (25 N~40 N, 20 E~35 E) w m w kt 499» kt w w kt 32 ƒ (Table, Fig. 3). wr, 2 sw w w kt 3 (7420, 763, 820) ùkû. kt m w kt. w w w w kt š, E w kt (Fig. 2). kt» p ü k t (Table 2). 2 w w w w kt(820) sww w kt» w» v w :»z d» 3»»z d wš w w kt» 32 N~40 N, 20 E~ 38 E m w k t 329» kt w w» wz» 2«y (20)

5 Á 49 Table 2. The meteorological data observed during the period of the official KP-influence TCs which are excluded from the KPapproach TCs based on the Criteria -4. Typhoon's numbers are based on the RSMC's rule except Typhoon's Number (Period) 606 (8.28~8.30) 724 (8.8~8.20) 7220 (9.6~9.7) 746 (9.~9.3) 7420 (8.28~ 8.3) 763 (8.2~ 8.4) 7709 (9.0~9.2) 820 (8.~8.3) 9709 (7.26~7.27) 0 (8.20~8.22) Excluded Criteria (TC Status), 3 (TD), 2, 3, 4 (TD), 2, 3, 4 (TD) 3, 2 Station Name Gangreung Ulleung-do Pohang Busan Chuncheon Seoul Incheon Suwon Henam Uljin Busan Sokcho Gangreung Seosan Gunsan Gwangju Mokpo Jeju Sokcho Daegwall -yeong Incheon Asan Gunsan Jeju Seogwipo Ulleung-do Ulleung-do Gosan Wind Direction and Speed [m/s] Precipitation [mm] The Lowest Mean (Date Time) Instantaneous (Date Time) hour (Date Time) day (Date Time) Period Sum Pressure [hpa] (Date Time) NNW : : N 8.3 N : : : N 26.7 N : : : :07 NE 4.7 NE : : :30 W 6.0 WNW :30 8 5:20 8 5: :40 ENE 7.7 ENE : : 9 09: :2 ESE 4.3 NNE :30 8 4:53 8 3: :55 N 6.0 ESE :00 9 0:29 9 0: : SE :30-7 5: NW 5.3 NW :40 7 6:39 7 6: :2 W 9.3 W :50 2 2:40 2 0: :2 WNW 8.0 SW : : : :3 NNE 3.0 NNE : : : : ENE 3.3 E :50 29 : : :27 SE 2.0 SE :8 29 : : :36 SSE 8.2 SSE : : : :20 ESE 6.7 SE : : : :6 SSW 7.0 SSW :50 2 2:56 3 : :5 ENE 5.5 NE :0 3 3:37 3 4: :55 W 4.7 W :00 3 0: : :06 W : : NE 6.7 NE :06 0 3: : :30 E 7.0 E :20 0 2:20 0 9: :30 NE 7.7 NE : :45 0 8: :29 N 4.0 N : : : : : : Atmosphere, Vol. 2, No.. (20)

6 50 객관적인 태풍 통계자료 구축을 위한 한반도 근접 태풍 의 정의 및 기준 설정 향 태풍 보다 42개가 더 많았다(Table, Fig. 4). 한 편, 제 3안에 포함되지 않은 한반도 영향 태풍 은 4 개(724, 7420, 763, 7709)로 나타났다. 이들 태풍 중 에 3개(724, 7420, 763)는 모두 제 안 구역도 통과 하지 않았으며, 열대저압부로 한반도에 영향을 준 태 풍이었다. 7709는 32 N 이남으로 지나갔기 때문에 제 3안에 포함되지 않았다(Fig. 2). 이 태풍은 977년 9 월 0일에 서귀포에서 최대풍속 7.7 m/s와 최대순간 풍속 29.5 m/s를 기록하여 기상특보 기준을 넘어 그 당시에 한반도에 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있다. 따라 서 제시된 제 3안 역시 열대저압부를 제외하더라도 한 개의 한반도 영향 태풍(7709)을 포함할 수 없어 한 반도 근접 태풍의 기준으로 사용하기에는 수정이 필 요하다. 제 안 최종안 한반도 근접 태풍 기준 설정을 위해 태풍백서의 한 반도 영향 태풍 중에 위에 제시된 세 개의 구역을 지 나가지 않은 태풍에 대해 기상관측자료를 이용하여 한반도 영향 여부를 조사였다. 그 결과 한반도 근접 태풍 에 속하지 못했던 한반도 영향 태풍 의 개수가 제 안은 9개, 제 2안은 3개, 제 3안은 4개로 나타났으 며, 그 시기는 모두 기상특보 발효기준에 해당되는 강 수 또는 풍속이 기록되어 한반도에 어느 정도 태풍에 의한 영향이 있었음을 알 수 있었다(Table, Table 2). 이들 태풍 중에 열대저압부로 한반도에 영향을 미친 태풍은 RSMC의 태풍경로 자료에서 열대저압부로 바 뀐 후부터는 태풍정보가 기록되지 않아 실제로 한반 도에 근접하였더라도 그 기록이 남지 않는다. 따라서 RSMC의 자료만으로는 열대저압부를 한반도 근접 태 풍 으로 분류하기에는 한계가 있다. 이러한 이유 때문 에 본 연구에서는 열대저압부로 한반도 영향을 미친 태풍을 제외한 모든 태풍이 한반도 근접 태풍 으로 분류될 수 있도록 새로운 기준(제 4안)을 제시하였다. 제 4안은 열대저압부를 제외한 한반도 영향 태풍 이 모두 포함되도록 앞의 세 가지 안을 절충하여 위 도는 기상청의 태풍비상구역을 사용하고, 경도는 기 후예측과의 기준을 사용한 새로운 구역(28 N~40 N, 20 E~38 E)으로 정하였다(Fig. 5). 이 기준에 따르 Same as in Fig., but for the Criterion 3 (32 ~40, 20 ~38, black box). Same as in Fig., but for the Criterion 4 (28 ~40, 20 ~38, black box) Same as in Fig., but for the Criterion 2 (25 ~40, 20 ~35, black box). Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 한국기상학회 대기 제2권 호 (20) Fig :

7 57 m w kt 472 w w kt 285 ƒ ù, w w w k t 3 (724, 7420, 763) w w w kt 4 sw ùkû. 4 w kt wš w» m w. 4. w kt w m 4 w w kt w y m w w kt (KP-landfall TC) ƒ w. w kt /6 w kt o w w w. Table 3 57 w Á 5,, š w e kt w ùkü. 57 w w kt 472, w w k t 87, w w e kt 87 ( kt TD 3 sw) ùkû. Fig l 2008 ¾ ks w» ( ) w,, š w e kt wš. ks» w w w kt wì ƒ w d. ù m, ks» s³ 3 ù w 967 (39 ) s³ 0 ù w 998 (6 ) w kt ƒ ƒƒ 8 7 s³ ƒ¾». ƒ 5 s³ Table 3. The list of the KP-approach TCs based on the Criterion 4, the KP-landfall TCs, and the KP-influence TCs during Year KP-approach TCs KP-influence TCs KP-landfall TCs , 507, 508, 5, 54, 55 5, *54, 55 5, , 5202, 5204, 5205, 5208, 5209, 52, 5220, 522, 5222 *520, 5204, 5209, , , 5304, 5306, 5307, 5309, 533, 535 *5302, 5304, , , 5405, 5407, 542, 543, 544, , 542, , 5507, 5508, 5509, 552, 553, 554, 556, 5522, 5523, 5525, , 5508, , 5606, 5607, 5609, 56, 562, 563, , *56, 562, *563 56, , 5707, 5709, 570, 574, 579, , , 5806, 58, 583, 587, 589, 582, 5822 * , 5905, 5906, 5907, 5909, 59, 593, 594, 595, 596, 598, 599, 5920, , 6004, 6006, 6008, 600, 60, 602, 605, 606, 609, 6020 *5904, 5905, 5906, *5909, *59 *593, 594, *6006, 605, , 5905, 5909, , 604, 606, 607, 60, 6, 62, 65, 67, 68, 623, , *607, 60, 68, , 607, 60, , 6205, 6207, 6209, 620, 623, 624, 625, 627, , 6209, 620, , 6209, 620, , 6303, 6304, 6305, 6306, 6309, 63, 635, , *6305, , , 6407, 6409, 640, 64, 644, 646, 6420, , *6407, 6409, , , 6507, 6508, 6509, 650, 653, 655, 657, 658, 6523, 6524, 6526, 6532 *653, 655, , , 6603, 6604, 662, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 662, 6624, 6626, , 667, * , 667, , 670, 675, 678, 6722, 673, 6734, , 6804, 6807, 680, 686, , 6807, , 6909, 69, 692, 696, 697 * , 7004, 7006, 7009, 700, , *7004, 7009, , 7004, , 73, 79, 720, 723, 725, 728, 729, 733, , 720, * , 728 Atmosphere, Vol. 2, No.. (20)

8 52 kt m w w kt» Table 3. Continued. Year KP-approach TCs KP-influence TCs KP-landfall TCs , 7207, 7209, 7220, , 7209, *724, , 7305, 7306, , 7305, , , 7408, 7409, 74, 744, 746, 748, , *74, 746, *7420(TD) , 7504, 7505, 7506, 753, 754 *7502, , 7605, 7607, 7609, 76, 762, 765, 767, 7622, , 76, 762, *763, *765, , 7707, 7708, , , 7806, 7808, 78, 783, 785, 786, 788, , 7808, *78, , 79, 792, 796, 798, , , , 8004, 8005, 8007, 802, 803, 806, 809, 802 *8007, *802, , 805, 809, 80, 85, 88, 820, 822, 824, 826 *804, 805, 80, 88, *820 88, , 820, 82, 823, 828, , 82, 823, , 8306, 830, , 8405, 8407, 8409, 840, 842 *8403, 840, * , , 8505, 8506, 8507, 8508, 8509, 850, 852, 853, 8520, 8524 *8505, 8508, 8509, 853, , 8508, , 8606, 8608, 860, 863, , 863, * , , 8705, 8706, 8707, 8708, 872, , *8708, , , 8808, 8809, 88, 883, 886, 8822, 8824, , 8909, 89, 892, 897, 892, , 89 89, , 9005, 9007, 90, 904, 905, 909, 9020, 902, , 9007, *905, , , 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 92, , 92, 93, 97, , 9209, 920, 92, 926, 929, 9228, , , , 9305, 9306, 9307, 933, 934, 939, 9320, , 9306, 9307, , 9407, 94, 943, 944, 946, 9426, 9429, 9434 *9407, 94, 943, 944, , 946, , 9503, 9507, 952, , *9507, , , 962, 967, , , 9707, 9708, 9709, 97, 973, 979, , 9709, 97, 973, , 9806, 9807, 9808, 9809, 980, , , 9907, 9908, 9909, 990, 994, 996, 997, 998, , 9907, *9908, *997, , 9907, 990, , 0004, 0006, 0008, 0009, 000, 002, 004, , 0006, *000, 002, , 002, , 008, 0, 05, , 0205, 0206, 0207, 0208, 0209, 02, 023, 025, , 0208, 0209, , , 0304, 0305, 0306, 030, 034, 035, , 0306, 030, , 0404, 0406, 0407, 040, 04, 043, 045, 046, 048, 049, 0420, 042, 0422, 0423, , 040, 045, 046, , 0507, 0509, 05, 054, 055, 057, , 0603, 0607, 060, , 060, , 0705, 0706, 07, 072, 075, , 0705, , , 0807, 08, 083, 085 * Total number * Tropical cyclones approached to the KP as a tropical depression (TD). w» wz» 2«y (20)

Á 53 Fig. 6. Tracks of the KP-landfall TCs during 95-2009. The black box represents the limits of the KP. Fig. 7.

The dashed lines represent the 5-year moving average for the Total TCs (top), KP-approach TCs (middle) and KP-Influence TCs (bottom), respectively. w kt kt 0.62, ks w» w w kt w ( 0.23) (Table 4).

9 Á 53 Fig. 6. Tracks of the KP-landfall TCs during The black box represents the limits of the KP. Fig. 7. The annual number of the KP-approach TC, the KPinfluence TC, and the KP-landfall TC among the total TCs (black line) that occur in the western North Pacific during The dashed lines represent the 5-year moving average for the Total TCs (top), KP-approach TCs (middle) and KP-Influence TCs (bottom), respectively. w kt kt 0.62, ks w» w w kt w ( 0.23) (Table 4). ks w» w kt 0. û. ù w kt w kt 0.53 ùkû. 57 kt s (Fig. 8), 8 ƒ (327 )» ks wš, 37 ƒ w wš 66 w w. w w kt 8 38 ƒ » w, 95 ƒ w wš, 47 ƒ w, w kt » w ù, w w 0 9 š, 54 ƒ w w, 26 ƒ w. 6 00» w, 52 ƒ w, 3 ƒ w š, 0 ƒ w., 2, 3 2 ƒƒ 25, 3, 22, 7» w ù w w. w w kt 6, 7, 8, w kt 385 (82%)ƒ» w. w w e kt 87 kt 6, 7, 8, 9 w ƒ 80 (96%) w. Table 4. Correlation coefficients among the western North Pacific TC, the KP-approach TC, the KP-Influence TC, and the KPlandfall TC using the 5-year-moving-average data for Numbers in the brackets represent corelation coefficients estimated using raw data. Correlation Coefficient (r) Western North Pacific TC KP-approach TC KP-influence TC KP-landfall TC Western North Pacific TC () KP-approach TC KP-influence TC KP-landfall TC 0.29 (0.39) () 0.23 (0.) 0.22 (0.53) () 0.24 (0.) 0.62 (0.37) 0.37 (0.52) () Atmosphere, Vol. 2, No.. (20)

10 54 kt m w w kt» Fig. 8. Same as in Fig. 7 but for the monthly accumulated distribution. 5. yw kt m ƒ z m œ» kt» d»z y š. kt w ù œ» kt (», 996), w w kt» kt 32 N 40 N, 20 E 38 E ü š w w wš» ù kt m wš. ù» w w w» w y w». ù ƒ ks w» w kt ƒ» l 300 km ü kt ze, y, g i, ³ w» w ktm y w. w ¾ ù ktm w w kt w ƒ œ» kt w» ù» w w. ù «x Á (2008)» w, w w kt w vw wœ» w, w Á w š y w kt w ƒ v w j w ƒ w w w¾ sww w» w w ƒ. w w kt w» w kt y ƒ w w ƒ œ» kt m y w w w» wz» 2«y (20), w» w w w kt ktm» w v w. š w kt m w w kt» wš, w 57 ( ) w kt w. w kt» w» w» kt y š kt š»z d w w kt» w 4 ƒ w.» 57 RSMC kt w kt ü w w kt w. w kt» 4 ƒ kt w w k t sww w. w kt» w w kt ƒ» w kt s w kt w» d t w kt w w w., kt (28 N~40 N, 20 E ~32 E) m w kt 320, kt 2 (25 N~40 N, 20 E~35 E) m w kt 499,»z d» 3 (32 N~40 N, 20 E~ 38 E) m w kt 329, š 4 (28 N~40 N, 20 E~38 E) m w k t 472 ùkû.» kt w w kt(87 ) ƒƒ 33, 32, 42, š 285. wr kt w w kt sw ƒƒ 9, 3, 4, 3 ùkû. k t t d l»» p z» w w w e. p, 724, 7420, 763» k w w ùkû. 4» w w e kt w w w kt sww. 4 w kt» w ks w kt w,, š w kt w. w kt /6 o w kt w w w., 57 ks w 537 kt w kt 472 (3%), w kt 87 (2%, kt TD 3 sw), š

11 kt 87 (6%) ùkû. e 8.3, 3.3,.5 kt w, w, š wš w., 8 ƒ (327 )» ks wš, 37 (42%)ƒ w wš 66 (20%) w w 38 (2%) w w » w, 95 ƒ w wš, 47 ƒ w, w kt » w ù, w w 0 9 š, 54 ƒ w w, 26 ƒ w. w kt w» š w w kt š» wš w. š yw» kt m w ƒ» w wz wš kt m ù» wš w. w w w kt w, w» w w w» š wš wz kt m w, ù œ» kt w w. ¾ kt kt y» p z w w w wz z k yw w w w š. kt ktp ƒ z z t» p» w kt w w kt m k. w» kt wwš ƒkt l w w kt» kt (28 N, 32 E ) wš ktp z x k tp» w š ( ƒkt l, ). w ƒk t l ktp ƒ z ù kt» x w w» w v œ kt m sw w tx m w y wš. w w y wš kt y q w w z k w w w kt» yw. w w kt Á 55 w w w w e kt w d w f š w wz ƒ š w w w.»»» (CATER ), w (KRF C00255), š mw, w w w» y (PM55520) 20 p w. w ƒkt l Ì. š x «x,, 2008: w w kt w.», 8, », 996: kt. 262pp.,,, w,»,, 200: ww w» y w kt : Part I. kt d xy,», 20, ¼, ½,, ½,, 2006: w w kt m p y.», 6, -7., ½ y, x z, 2002: w m w kt w.», 2, ³,, k«, 992: w w kt, : m. w» wz, 28, ,, y,,,,, «x,, 2007: 2006 kt p kt w.», 7, », ½,, 2007: w kt y d w z» x.», 7, ,, 2008: w t y,», 8, Choi, K-S., and B.-J. Kim, 2007: Climatological characteristics of tropical cyclone making landfall over the Korean Peninsula. J. Korean Meteor. Soc. 43, Kim, J.-H., C.-H. Ho, M.-H. Lee, J.-H. Jeong, and D. Chen, 2006: Large increase of heavy rainfall associated with tropical cyclone landfalls in Korea after the late 970s. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L8706, doi:0.029/2006gl Moon, I.-J. and S. J. Kwon, 200: Impact of upper-ocean thermal structure on the intensity of the Korean peninsular landfall typhoons, Progress in Oceanogr., in press. Atmosphere, Vol. 2, No.. (20)

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10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½