Mean no. of female showing pheromonereleasing behavior 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 Hours after lights-off lights-on

No. pairs mated 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 lights-on -3-2.5-2 -1.5-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Hours before and after lights-on

No. males attracted 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 sun rising -3-2.5-2 -1.5-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Hours before and after sun rising

BHT Z11-14:Ac Z9-14:Ac

Z11-14:Ac (ng) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Time (hr)

200 180 160 140 Z 11-14:Ac(ng) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Days after eclosion

10 8 Z9-14:Ac(%) 6 4 trace 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Days after eclosion

Z11-14:Ac FID signal Z9-14:Ac EAD signal

12 a 10 EAG response 8 6 4 2 c c c ab bc c c c c 0 air hexane Z3-6:Ac Z9-14:Ac Z11-14:Ac E11-14:Ac Z9-14:OH Z11-14:OH 10me- 12:Ac Chemicals 14:Ac

14 12 Response(mV) 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 100 5,000 50,000 10 100 5,000 50,000 Hexane Z11-14:Ac Z9-14:Ac Treatments(ng) 5 EAG response relative to 14:Ac 4 3 2 1 0 100:0 97.2:2.5 95:5 90:10 75:25 50:50 25:75 0:100 14:Ac Air Hexane Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac)

8 7 6 Response Attraction No. males 5 4 3 2 1 0 100:0 97.5:2.5 95:5 90:10 75:25 50:50 25:75 0:100 14:Ac Ratio of Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:AC

Mean No. males/trap 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100:0 90:10 80:20 70:30 60:40 50:50 40:60 30:70 20:80 10:90 0:100 control Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac) (n=2)

Mean No. males/ trap 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 a b b b b b b b b 95:5 90:10 85:15 80:20 75:25 70:30 65:35 60:40 control virgin female Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac) (n=4) b 100 80 ab a Mean No. males/trap 60 40 ab ab ab 20 0 99:1 97:3 95:5 93:7 91:9 control Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac) (n=3) b

Mean No. males/trap 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a b b b b b b b b b b b 100:0 90:10 80:20 70:30 60:40 50:50 40:60 30:70 20:80 10:90 0:100 control Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac) (n=3) 200 160 a Mean No. males/trap 120 80 ab ab b 40 b b 0 97:3 95:5 93:7 90:10 85:15 control Ratio (Z11-14:Ac : Z9-14:Ac) (n=3)

Mean No. males/trap 25 20 15 10 5 0 a ab ab b b 0 1 10 100 control 10me-12:Ac added (%) (n=3)

Mean No. males/trap 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 a ab b b b 0 1 5 10 control E11-14:Ac added (%) (n=3)

10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (10me14me-1-ene-18Hy) 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (5me9me-18Hy) 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (5me9me-17Hy) 그림 1. 은무늬굴나방의성페로몬성분 (Gries et al., 1997).

4 No. mating 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 0-day old 1-day old 2-day old 1 0.5 0 20:30 22:30 0:30 2:30 4:30 6:30 8:30 10:30 12:30 14:30 16:30 18:30 Time 그림 2. 은무늬굴나방의교미시간대

10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene GC EAD 그림 3. GC-EAD 이용한은무늬굴나방암컷추출물의분석

600 a Relative EAG response (%) 500 400 300 200 100 b b b b b 0 Air Hexane SS RS RR SR 그림 4. 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene의네가지입체이성질체 (SS, RS, RR, SR 각각 50 ng) 에대한은무늬굴나방미교미수컷의촉각전도반응값 (4반복) Relative EAG response (%) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a b b b b b Air Hexane SS RS RR SR 그림 5. 5,9-dimethyloctadecane 의네가지입체이성질체 (SS, RS, RR, SR각각 50 ng) 에대한은무늬굴나방미교미수컷의촉각전도반응값 (4반복)

400 a Relative EAG response (%) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 b b b b b 0 Air Hexane SS RS RR SR 그림 6. 5,9-dimethyloctadecane 의네가지입체이성질체 (SS, RS, RR, SR 각각 50 ng) 에대한은무늬굴나방미교미수컷의촉각전도반응값 (4 반복 ) 450 Relative EAG response (%) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a a a a b Hexane A (SS) A (SS) A (SS) A (SS) - - A (RS) A (RR) A (SR) Treatments 그림 7. (10S,14S )- 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene 과다른세가지입체이성질체 ( RS, RR, SR 각각 50 ng) 의혼합물에대한은무늬굴나방미교미수컷의촉각전도반응값 (4 반복 )

900 800 a a a Relative EAG response (%) 700 600 500 400 300 200 b b a 100 0 air hexane A (SS) A + B (SS) A + C (SS) A (SS) Treatments 50 ng 25 ng 그림 8. 은무늬굴나방페로몬 (A: 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene, B: 5,9-dimethyloctadecane and C: 5,9-dimethylheptadecane) 의 SS 이성질체에대한미교미수컷의촉각전도반응값 (4 반복 )

600 500 a a a a No. males/trap 400 300 200 100 b 0 100 25 25 100 25 0 100 0 25 100 0 0 Hexane A B C Treatments ( μg ) 그림 9. 경북군위지역에서 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (A), 5,9- dimethyloctadecane (B) 과 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (C) 의이성질체혼합물을몇가지조합으로처리한트랩에유인된은무늬굴나방수컷의수 (5 반복 ) (Jun. 21 - Aug. 2, 1999).

No. males/trap 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 a 10 10 10 a 10 0 0 0 10 10 b b b b Treatments ( μg ) 그림 10. 경기수원지역에서 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (A), 5,9- dimethyloctadecane (B) 과 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (C) 의이성질체혼합물을몇가지조합으로처리한트랩에유인된은무늬굴나방수컷의수 (3반복) (Aug. 18 - Sept. 7, 1999). 0 10 0 0 0 10 Hexane A B C No. males/trap 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a 25 (SS) 25 25 25 (RS) 25 25 25 (RR) 25 25 25 (SR) 25 25 25 (M) 25 25 Hexane A B (M) C (M) Treatments ( μg ) 그림 11. 경북군위지역에서 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (A) 의이성질체혼합물또는단일이성질체를 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (B) 그리고 5,9- dimethylheptadecane (C) 와같이처리한트랩에유인된은무늬굴나방수컷의수 (5반복) (Jun. 2 - Jun. 21, 1999). b c c c c

No. males/trap 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 ab a b b b 500 0 10 (SS) 10 (M) 10 10 (SS) 10 (SS) 10 10 (SS) 10 (RS) 10 10 (SS) 10 (RR) 10 Treatments ( μg ) 10 (SS) 10 (SR) 10 Hexane A B C (M) 그림 12. 경북군위지역에서 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (B) 의이성질체혼합물또는단일이성질체를 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (A) 그리고 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (C) 와같이처리한트랩에유인된은무늬굴나방수컷의수 (5 반복 ) (Aug. 18 - Sept. 7, 1999). c

3000 2500 a a No. males/trap 2000 1500 1000 ab b b 500 c 0 10 (SS) 10 10 (M) 10 (SS) 10 10 (SS) 10 (SS) 10 10 (RS) 10 (SS) 10 10 (RR) 10 (SS) 10 10 (SR) Hexane A B (M) C Treatments ( μg ) 그림 13. 경북군위지역에서 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (C) 의이성질체혼합물또는단일이성질체를 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (A) 그리고 5,9- dimethyloctadecane (B) 와같이처리한트랩에유인된은무늬굴나방수컷의수 (5 반복 ) (Aug. 18 - Sept. 7, 1999).

40 35 a 30 No. males/trap 25 20 15 10 5 b c 0 pheromone virgin females (3) hexane treatments 그림 14. 약 40 μg처리한합성페로몬과미교미암컷의수컷유인률비교 (Sept. 2-15, 1999). 3 반복.

300 250 2 months old 1 month old No. males/trap 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 100 500 1000 Amount ( μg ) 그림 15. 성페로몬 (10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene) 양에따른은무늬굴나방유인력지속성 (Aug. 29 - Sept. 19, 2000) (3-5 반복 ).

350 300 250 20 μg 100 μg 0 μg No. male/trap 200 150 100 50 Lure exchange 0 April May Jun Date Jul Aug Sep 그림 16. 경북군위지역의성페로몬을이용한은무늬굴나방의연중발생예찰 (2000 년 ).

air Activated charcoal air flow meter Tenax-TA females Vacuum pump flow meter

14:Ac Internal standard E10-16:Al gland extract 16:Al Z10-16:Al 16:Al E10-16:Al Z10-16:Al Standard compounds

Air collected E10-16:Al Z10-16:Al E10-16:Al Standard compounds 16:Al Z10-16:Al

100 Mean portion(%) 80 60 40 20 extracts effluvia 0 E10-16:Al Source of pheromone Z10-16:Al

12 10 a EAG response(mv) 8 6 4 c c b c 2 0 hexane air E10-16:Al Z10-16:Al 16:Al Chemicals

12 10 EAG response(mv) 8 6 4 2 0 hexane air 10:0 9:1 8:2 7:3 6:4 5:5 4:6 3:7 2:8 1:9 0:10 Ratio (E10-16:Al : Z10-16:Al)

Mean No. males/trap 12 10 8 6 4 2 b/b a/b a/b a/a a/a b/b a/a a/a a/a 1mg 2mg 4mg 0 70:30 75:25 80:20 unbaitd Ratio E10-16:Al : Z 10-16:Al

90 80 70 Light Trap Pheromone trap No. Adults caught 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 E M Jun. L E M Jul. Dates L E M Aug. L E

α

10mm 6mm 11mm 19mm

발생예찰용성페로몬미끼제조공정도 원액제조 주입기 고무격막에주입 건조, 포장 Concord probe 복숭아순나방 알루미늄호일백 냉각교반플라스크 Microlab Dispenser (Hamilton Co.) 고무격막

60 Release rate(%) 50 40 30 20 Z8-12:Ac Z13-20-10-one 10 0 start(9.23) 10(10.3) 20(10.13) 30(10.23) Days after treatment

Reduced weight(g)/day 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 hexane hexane+z8-12:ac hexane+z8-12:ac+corn oil hexane+z8-12:ac+soybean oil 0.02 0 1 2 3 10 days

교미교란용성페로몬방출제제조공정도 원액제조 주입기 PE 튜브에주입 절단, 밀봉 및포장 Concord probe 밀봉 / 절단기 (Impulse sealer) 복숭아순나방 냉각교반플라스크 Microlab Dispenser (Hamilton Co.) PE 튜브 알루미늄호일백

트랩설치위치 ( ) 15 개 : A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 9 개 : A1, A3, A5 B1, B3, B5 C1, C3, C5 5 개 : A1, A5 B3 C1, C5 1 2 3 4 5 C B A

χ χ χ Δ

χ χ χ

χ χ

χ

50 No. males / trap / 10days 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Doses (mg) Relative proportion of males caught 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Days after trap installation 0.1mg 0.2mg 0.5mg 1.0mg 2.0mg 3.0mg 4.0mg

Relative proportion of males caught 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Doses (mg) Relative proportion of males caught 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Doses (mg)

Trapping efficiency (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 Observed Estimated 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Distance (m)

No. males caught 60 Non-replaced Apple orchard Replaced every 20d 40 20 No. males caught 0 80 60 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Peach orchard Days after trap installation Non-replaced Replaced every 20d 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Days after trap installation

No. males caught per trap 120 90 60 30 Apple or pear orchards Apple-peach adjacent orchards 0 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 100 80 1998 60 40 20 0 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 40 30 20 10 0 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 80 60 40 20 125 100 0 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 75 50 25 1997 1999 2000 2001 0 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 (20 May) (9 June) (19 July) (8 August) (17 Sepember) Julian date (calendar date)

1/median longevity (days -1 ) 0.30 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.06 Observed Estimated 0.00 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperatures ( o C)

Total number of eggs 120 90 60 30 a Observed Estimated 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperatures ( o C) Cumulative proportion Proportional survival 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 c b Observed Estimated Physiological age Physiological age Observed Estimated 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8

Oviposition rate 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Temper 20 25 o C) 30 35 2 4 6 8 Days 10 12 14 16 18

Variance 8 6 4 2 a Observed Estimated 0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 Proportion of fruits infested with eggs 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 b Observed Estimated 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 Mean (eggs/fruit) Mean (eggs/fruit)

Fruits infected with eggs (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Observed Estimated 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 No. males caught per trap

χ χ

χ

5 No. males / trap / 10days 4 3 2 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Doses (mg) 0.6 Rative proportion of males caught 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Days after trap installation 0.1mg 0.2mg 0.5mg 1.0mg 2.0mg 3.0mg 4.0mg

Relative proportion of males caught 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Doses(mg)

No. males caught 60 Apple orchard Non-replaced Replaced every 20d 40 20 No. males caught 0 150 120 90 60 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Peach orchard Days after trap installation Non-replaced Replaced every 20d 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Days after trap installation

160 120 80 40 1997 Seodun-dong Imok-dong 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 60 1998 40 20 No. males caught per trap 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 90 60 40 30 20 10 0 150 120 90 60 30 100 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 75 50 25 1999 2000 2001 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 (21 March) (30 April) (9 June) (19 July) (28 August) (7 October) Julian date (calendar date)

No. males caught per trap 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 A Males Eggs Hatched eggs Damaged shoots 0 0.00 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 No. eggs / shoot (open circles) No. hatched eggs / shoot (solid circles) Damaged shoot rate (squres) Cumulative proportion 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 B 1st moth catch 1st eggs 2nd moth catch 2nd eggs 0.00 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 (9 April) (9 May) (8 June) (8 July) (7 August) Julian date (calendar date)

No. males caught per trap 100 80 60 40 20 A Males Eggs Hatched eggs Damaged shoots 0 0.0 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 No. eggs / shoot (open circles) No. hatched eggs / shoot (solid circles) Damaged shoot rate (squres) Cumulative proportion 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 B 1st moth catch 1st eggs 2nd moth catch 2nd eggs 0.00 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 (9 April) (9 May) (8 June) (8 July) (7 August) Julian date (calendar date)

2500 1997 Seodun-dong 2000 Imok-dong 1500 1000 500 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 1200 600 1998 200 No. males caught per trap 2100 1400 900 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 600 300 1200 900 600 300 1999 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 2000 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 1800 1500 2001 1200 900 600 300 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 (21 March) (30 April) (9 June) (19 July) (28 August) (7 October) Julian date (calendar date)

Cumulative proportion 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 Observed Estimated 0.00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Degree-days (base 6 o C)

No. males caught per trap 10 8 6 Seodun-dong Imok-dong 4 2 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 10 8 1998 6 4 2 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 3 2 1 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 60 40 20 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 40 30 20 10 1997 1999 2000 2001 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 (30 April) (30 May) (29 June) (29 July) (28 August) (27 Sepember) Julian date (calendar date)

Cumulative proportion 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 Observed Estimated 0.00 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Degree-days (base 8 o C)

No. males caught per trap 20 15 10 5 Seodun-dong Imok-dong 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 10 8 1998 6 4 2 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 4 3 2 1 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 15 12 9 6 3 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 15 12 9 6 3 1997 1999 2000 2001 0 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 (30 April) (30 May) (29 June) (29 July) (28 August) (27 Sepember) Julian date (calendar date)

Cumulative proportion 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 Observed Estimated 0.00 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Degree-days (base 8 o C)

80 70 수원 40 35 경북 60 30 평균포획수 50 40 30 평균포획수 25 20 15 20 10 10 5 0 단독혼합 1 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

평균포획수 120 100 80 60 40 수원 평균포획수 40 35 30 25 20 15 경북 20 10 5 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

평균포획수 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 단독혼합 1 처리 수원 평균포획수 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 경북 60 50 수원 5 4 경북 평균포획수 40 30 20 평균포획수 3 2 10 1 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

30 25 수원 6 5 경북 평균포획수 20 15 10 평균포획수 4 3 2 5 1 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 30 25 수원 5 4 경북 평균포획수 20 15 10 평균포획수 3 2 5 1 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

30 25 수원 3 경북 평균포획수 20 15 10 평균포획수 2 1 5 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

7 6 수원 5 평균포획수 4 3 2 1 0 단독혼합 1 혼합 2 처리

60 방제 3 세대 마리 / 트랩 40 20 1 세대 2 세대 4 세대 0 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 4월 5월 6월 7월 8월 9월 40 방제 1 세대 2 세대 마리수 / 트랩 20 0 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 9 월

40 방제 2 세대 3 세대 마리 / 트랩 20 1 세대 0 중하상중하상중하상중하상중하상중하상중하 4월 5월 6월 7월 8월 9월 10월 마리 / 트랩 30 20 10 1 세대 2 세대 3 세대 0 상중하상중하상중하상중하상중하상 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 9 월

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 1000 3 세대 마리 / 트랩 500 1 세대 2 세대 4 세대 5 세대 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 4월 5월 6월 7월 8월 9월 10월 마리 / 트랩 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 9 월 10 월

(22.0%) (46.0%) 매우불량 충실 보통 (24.0%) (8.0%) 불량

성페로몬에대한이해정도 15% 8% 3% 확실대충조금모름 74% 성페로몬트랩의발생예찰필요성 3% 97% 꼭필요별로다필요없다 5 종나방류구분정도 8% 41% 51% 확실대충불가능

18% 유살수조사간격 5% 5% 41% 23% 8% 5 일 1 주일 10 일부정기적중단무응답 유살수조사를지역단위로실시시어디서담당하면좋은가 11% 0% 13% 76% 기술개발센터농협원예 ( 능금 ) 조합영농조합 유살수조사를민간에위탁시연간지불할수있는금액은 15% 6% 27% 52% 10 만원 20 만원 30 만원전혀못함

유살수조사결과에대한활용정도 18% 0% 31% 15% 36% 방제여부결정방제여부와방제적기이용전혀못함 방제적기추정발생종파악 성페로몬트랩이용으로살충제절감회수 25% 3% 6% 33% 33% 1 회절감 2 회절감절감못함오히려증가무응답 앞으로농약대신성페로몬을심식나방류방제를위한교미교란제를개발한다면사용해보겠는가 5% 0% 45% 50% 꼭사용돈이적게든다면생각중사용안함

α α α α

방출량 (mg)/5 일 20 15 10 5 0 혼합 ( 복심 + 복순 ) 사과굴나방 9/1 5 10 15 21 25 30 10/6 10 15 조사일자

1 30 방출량 (mg)/ 디스펜스 10 개 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 25 20 15 10 5 0 온도 4 월 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 복숭아순나방 사굴, 복순혼합 복숭아심식나방 컴퓨져A(5종혼합 ) 온도

1 30 0.8 25 방출량 (mg)/ 디스펜스 10 개 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 20 15 10 5 0 온도 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 월 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 복숭아순나방 (1차) 사과굴나방 (1차) 컴퓨져 A 잎말이나방 (1차) 복숭아순나방 (2차) 사과굴나방 (2차)