2. Mobile IPv6 IPv6 Mobile IPv6 1
IPv6 Sufficient Address Space 128 IPv4 : 32 Fixed IP header + Extension Processing overhead checksum (flow label) Stateless Address Auto-configuration Neighbor Discovery IPSec Address Renumbering IP address renumbering (Neighbor Discovery) 2
IPv6 IPv6 Base Header 3
IP v6 IPv6 Prio : relative priority to a given packet Flow label : real-time traffic Payload length : header IPv6 Next header : extension header higher-layer protocol type Hop limit : IPv4 TTL packet forward IPv6 extension header Hop-by-Hop Option Header Destination Options Header Routing Header Fragment Header IP Authentication Header Upper-Layer Header 4
IPv6 IPv6 Packet with no Extension Headers IPv6 Packet with a single Extension Headers (Next Header = TCP) IPv6 Base Header (Next Header =Routing Header) IPv6 Base Header TCP Header plus data (Next Header =UDP) IPv6 Extension Header: (e.g., Routing Header) UDP Header plus data 5
IPv6 Larger Address FA COA in M-IPv4 : provide a COA that can be shared by many MN s co-located COA Simple auto-configuration of address New Routing Header IPv4 loose source & record route option Route optimization in a secure fashion Authentication Header mandatory 6
Mobile IPv6 Mobile IPv6 home network, home agent, COA mobile IPv4 address auto-configuration Neighbor Discovery IPv6 address auto-configuration, Neighbor Discovery MN(mobile node) COA MN foreign agent Binding update option MN CN MN CN. IPv6 destination option 7
Mobile IPv6 HA MN, Neighbor Discovery MN MAC home network CN IPv4 proxy ARP CN MN HA IPv6- in-ipv6 encapsulation MN MN CN COA 8
Mobile IPv6 Mobile IPv4 Concept Mobile node, home agent, home link, foreign link Mobile node s home address Foreign agent Collocated care-of address Care-of address obtained via Agent Discovery, DHCP, or manually Agent Discovery Authenticated registration with home agent Routing to mobile nodes via tunneling Route optimization via separate protocol specification Equivalent Mobile IPv6 Concept Globally routable home address and linklocal home address A plain IPv6 router on the foreign link (foreign agent no longer exists) Care-of address obtained via Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, DHCP, or manually Router Discovery (same) Authenticated notification of home agent and other correspondents Routing to mobile nodes via tunneling and source routing Integrated support for route optimization 9
Mobile IPv6 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Functions Router Discovery Prefix Discovery Paraameter Discovery Address Autoconfiguration Address Resolution Next-Hop Determination Neighbor Unreachability Detection Duplicate Address Detection Redirect Similar IPv4 Functionality ICMP Router Discovery [RFC 1256] DHCP [RFC 2131] or Manual Configuration Manual Configuration DHCP [RFC 2131] ARP [RFC 826] Routing Table Searches (No standard mechanism) (No standard mechanism) ICMP Redirect [RFC 792] Description How nodes locate routers on their link. How nodes determine the network-prefix(es) assigned to the current link How nodes learn such things as the link MTU and a reasonable value to put in the Hop Limit (Time to Live) field How nodes automatically obtain an IP address for use on an interface. How nodes determine the link-layer address of a neighbor whose IP address is known. How nodes choose a Next Hop for any outgoing packets. How nodes determine that a neighbor is no longer reachable. How nodes determine that their respective addresses are unique. How routers inform nodes of a better choice for a Next Hop to a destination. 10
Binding Update Option MN HA CN COA MN home network binding HA Binding Acknowledgement option MN option IP source address binding home address IPv6 Binding Update, Binding Acknowledgement, Binding Request option IPv6 MN MN binding cache destination option 11
Binding Update Option Option Type : 198 Option Length : 8 option type option length option octet A:Acknowledge D:Duplicate Address Detection H:Home Registration R:Router Prefix Length : home registration binding update 12
Binding Update Option CN MN CN MN binding cache Cache binding IPv6 Routing header cache COA MN IPv6 encapsulation Binding. HA tunneling HA MN CN Binding Update binding 13
Binding Acknowledge Option binding acknowledgement, HA MN binding update acknowledgement. option. IP binding update IPv6 14
Binding Acknowledge Option Option Type : 7 Status : Binding Update Refresh : Binding Update Sub-Option : Binding Acknowledgement 15
Binding Request Option CN MN binding update MN CN clock rates MN binding update CN binding timer expire 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Option Type Option Length Sub-Options Option type : 194 16
Binding Management MN primary COA HA Binding Update HA Binding Update Binding Acknowledgement MN HA CN binding, CN Binding Update CN binding MN routing Binding CN lifetime expire MN Binding Request. MN Binding Update 17
Movement Detection in IPv6 Movement Detection MN Router Advertisement router MN Advertisement MN router MN prefix MN router solicitation MN home default router list router default router router network prefix primary COA. HA COA 18
Movement Detection in IPv6 Neighbor unreachable detection(nud) MN default router unreachable MN forward (, TCP expire ) - unreachable neighbor solicitation default router neighbor advertisement - unreachable MN default router IPv6 reachable Default router unreachable MN solicitation router MN router router reachability NUD 19
Home Agent Discovery Ubiquitous Home Agents HA, MN COA router router HA, router anycast home network HA broadcast Special Handling by Routers router HA router HA router anycast binding update network interface HA multicast 20
Home Agent Discovery Home Agents Anycast Address HA anycast anycast HA IPv4 HA address discovery MN prefix mobile IPv6 HA anycast Home Agent Address Discovery Request ICMP HA HA HA Home Agent Address Discovery Reply ICMP MN HA HA, Router Advertisement multicast 21
Smooth Handoffs MN primary COA COA COA. Smooth Handoffs MN router H A set Binding Update. router MN COA HA COA router COA IPv6 encapsulation router MN CN Binding Update binding cache 22
Smooth Handoffs MN router MN COA proxy neighbor advertisement Smooth Handoffs MN COA COA 23
Smooth Handoffs 24
Renumbering the Home Subnet IPv6 Neighbor Discovery network prefix HA MN HA Router Advertisement multicast MN COA renumbering MN prefix Router Advertisement home network prefix MN home network HA Router Advertisement 25
Renumbering the Home Subnet Home network prefix, HA RA home MN RA IPv6 MN home network prefix RA, autoconfiguration home 26
Requirements for Supporting Mobility Requirements for Correspondent Nodes(CN) Binding Update MN COA binding update destination cache Requirements for Mobile Nodes(MN) Binding Update COA CN HA binding update Packet decapsulation Requirements for Home Agents(HA) Encapsulation Proxy neighbor advertisements 27
3. Mobile IP in Wireless Packet network 28
Mobile IP in Wireless Packet network 29
Packet Network Standardization for Mobile Internet 3GPP2 3G packet data system 3GPP IETF Mobile IP GPRS(General Packet Radio System) SGSN,GGSN GTP 30
Wireless Mobile Internet IETF s Mobile IP Wireless Mobile Internet. Global Roaming& Mobility. LAN Based Scheme. Static Mobility. Non-Seamless Hand Off. Hard to Implement. Mobile Agents Support. Insufficient IP address. Additional Cost for Wireless Access Port if it was. IP Mobility. Regional Roaming & Mobility. Cellular Based Scheme. Dynamic Mobility. Seamless Hand Off. Easy to Implement. VLR/HLR Support. Insufficient IP Address. No Additional Cost for Wireless AP from its inherent features. Host(User&Server) Mobility & IP mobility 31
3G G packet data system 3GPP2 CDMA2000 IETF Mobile IP, AAA, MIP 32
Functional Model 33
HA Function FA FA (Home AAA ) AAAF IP 34
Packet Routing Function(PRF) Link,, Simple IP IP ( PRF AAA ) Mobile IP FA, FA Session(=NAI + IP + R-P Link ID) HA 2 PCF AAAF Mobile Client parameter, AAAF packet routing handoff PPP serving,target PCF 35
AAA function,, PRF, HA HA profile QoS PRF Mobile IP/Simple IP IP 36
Packet Control Function(PCF) Hand off Mobile Client packet data service profile PRF RRC data PRF MCF Handoff PCF packet Session Packet Session IMSI R-P Link ID 37
RRC & MCF Radio Resources Control Function(RRC) MS PCF, MS packet zone ID packet zone ID system overhead Mobile Client Function(MCF) MS Packet service (e.g., active, standby, dormant) Packet buffering Packet zone ID, Dormant PCF Origination 38
Functional to Architectural Mapping Architecture Reference Model IMT-2000 IMSI IP NAI 39
Architecture Reference Model IP packet RAN, VLR/HLR,,, PDSN, Home Agent, DIAMETER Server packet, packet, packet IETF TIA 40
Protocol Architecture Protocol Reference Model for Simple IP 41
Protocol Architecture Protocol Reference Model for Mobile IP control 42
R-P P interface PDSN R-P interface DNS POP AAA HA PDSN R R Internet PDSN 43
R-P P interface Packet session Link ID, Link ID RN Dormant R-P Link Layer R-P Link Protocol Data Rate Link Protocol 44
3G G packet data system Mobile IP 3 Mobile IP 3 FA, Packet zone ID, PDSN, (NAI) MIP AAA 45
Mobile IP in Wireless Packet network 46
GPRS overview GPRS GSM 2.5 GPRS IPv4, X.25, IPv6 Voice - MSC - GSN resource GSM time-slot TCP/IP 47
GPRS characteristics Radio subsystem Network subsystem TDMA + GPRS W-CDMA + GPRS - 0.5 ~ 1 QoS IP GPRS (SGSN,GGSN) 48
GPRS service class Class-A mode GSM GPRS Class-B mode GSM GPRS, Service Holding - Resume Class-C mode GPRS 49
GPRS Network Logical Architecture 50
GPRS Network component SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node MS attach SGSN MM Context, MS SGSN PDP Context 51
GPRS Network component GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node MS PDP Context BG(Border Gateway) PLMN 52
GPRS Transmission Plane Application Layer Network Layer(IP) Relay Network Layer(IP) SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF RLC MAC GSM RF Relay BSSGP Frame Relay Physical Layer LLC BSSGP Frame Relay Physical Layer TCP/UDP IP L2 Physical Layer TCP/UDP IP L2 Physical Layer Um Gb MS BSS SGSN GGSN Gn 53
GPRS Signaling Plane MS - SGSN GSN-GSN 54
Mobility Management State? MM Context MM Context IMSI, MM State, P-TMSI, IMEI, Routing Area, Cell Identity New SGSN Address, flag 55
Mobility Management State GPRS Ready,, cell,, Stand by Idle,, RA(Routing Area) RA, RA,, 56
Mobility Management State Diagram 57
Mobility Management Attach MS MS ID attach type SGSN HLR SGSN MS MM IMSI attach MSC/VLR combined GPRS/IMSI attach - save radio channel SGSN MS P-TMSI Attach MS READY MM context 58
Mobility Management Detach MS MS MM & PDP context Detach detach Switch off or detach request detach STANDBY timer 59
Location Update Cell update MS READY RA Cell ID MS Standby IDLE MS origination data BSS BSSGP Cell ID SGSN MM context ( ) 60
Location Update Routing Area update RA MS Ready cell id RA MS Standby RA RA, P-TMSI Intra SGSN RA MS SGSN Inter SGSN RA MS, SGSN + HLR, GGSN 61
1 2 SGSN Intra SGSN RA update GGSN SGSN hand off SGSN Inter SGSN RA update 2 RA Cell Cell Cell Cell update RA RA 62
Paging GPRS MS Standby paging RA SGSN MS MM Standby paging 63
Session Management PDP PDD Context PDP Type X.25, PPP, IPv4, IPv6 PDP Address QoS 64
Session Management (static address) - (dynamic address) - GGSN PDP context activation procedure 65
GPRS Data Transfer - MO & MT 66
Mobile IP in Wireless Packet network 67
GPRS & Mobile IP GGSN SGSN GGSN SGNS MIP FA, GGSN MIP HA MIP MIP GPRS GTP GTP =MM context =PDP context GSM 68
GPRS & Mobile IP GPRS AAA Global interoperability 69
Mobile IP(3G data packet) & GPRS GPRS Outer IP GTP Inner IP Information Element Message type = 1~52 Outer IP GTP Inner IP Payload Message type = 255 3G IP UDP 434 MIP Extension Outer IP Inner IP Payload 70
MIP & GPRS GTP MIP MIP MIP MIP (lifetime=0) FA, HA Global Internet GTP SGSN, GGSN PDP PDP PDP Only in GPRS Only IP IP, X.25 GPRS GPRS Mobile IP 71
Mobile IP in GPRS GPRS GTP GPRS GTP global GPRS Mobile IP Mobile IP Mobile IP UMTS GSM, CDMA2000, LAN, PSTN 72
Mobile IP in UMTS - Staged Approach Step 1: MIP M-IP GPRS FA, HA Does not change GSM MAP, HLR, VLR FA functions at GGSN PLMN 1 Mobile Node MIP GGSN PDP Context Setup PDP Context Setup FA COA Visited Network FA MN Gp I/F Home Network GGSN/FA 73
Mobile IP in UMTS(Step 1) UTRAN RNS Iur MAP SGSN IP network BG GGSN Gp HA HA CN GGSN FA SGSN HA RNS HLR etc. PLMN backbone R filter Internet GGSN RNS SGSN FA UTRAN Iu FA BG Border Gateway R Router HA Home Agent FA Foreign Agent 74
Mobile IP in UMTS - Staged Approach Step 2: MIP-GPRS FA functions at each GGSN MN SGSN, GGSN/FA MN GGSN FA / old GGSN/FA new GGSN/FA PDP Context Switching Applicability : Maybe in Release 2000 75
Mobile IP in UMTS(Step2) RNS RNS Iur SGSN MAP HLR etc. IP network GGSN FA R Gi IP PLMN backb. BG R R Gp HA filter HA Internet UTRAN SGSN GGSN FA HA RNS SGSN GGSN FA R UTRAN Iu BG R HA FA Border Gateway Router Home Agent Foreign Agent 76
Mobile IP in UMTS - Staged Approach Step 3: Using Mobile IP for Intra System Mobility SGSN + GGSN IGSN(Inter GPRS Support Node) MN PDP Context IP MIP FA Mobile IP based Macro Mobility Management MS has to be changed to support Mobile IP IGSN/FA IETF, NAI, RADIUS, DIAMETER, AAA Server, IPsec 77
Mobile IP in UMTS(Step 3) UTRAN UTRAN HA RNS FA BG CN IGSN FA Iur IGSN R HA MAP HA RNS IP HLR etc. R R FW Internet RNS IGSN FA R Iu CN 78