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단계 기 간 주 요 내 용 1 단계 2000년 2004년 공동연구기반구축 ( 대기오염물질농도및배출량 DB 구축, 모델링시스템구7축 ) 2 단계 2005년 2007년 한 중 일합의배출량산정, 모니터링및모델링을통한국가간상호영향평가 황산화물의배출원 수용지관계분석 3 단계 2008년 2012년 황산화물, 질소산화물, 오존, PM에대한영향연구수행 - 2 -
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연도 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 총인구 32,241 38,124 42,869 47,008 49,410 51,435 52,160 51,091 48,121 인구성장률 * 2.21 1.57 0.99 0.84 0.46 0.28 0.01-0.39-0.76 출처 : e-나라지표 web page ( 원자료 : 통계청, 2010, 장래인구추계 ) * 인구성장률은전년대비인구변화율임. 즉, 1970년인구성장률은 1969년을기준으로산정됨. - 6 -
연도 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 총인구 104,331 116,807 123,537 127,034 127,758 124,489 118,252 110,651 102,511 출처 : UN DESA World Urbanization Prospects: 2007 Revision Population Database web page (http://esa.un.org/unup/) 연도 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 총인구 14,247 17,239 20,143 22,946 24,015 24,838 25,434 25,218 24,666 출처 : UN DESA World Urbanization Prospects: 2007 Revision Population Database web page (http://esa.un.org/unup/) - 7 -
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연도 1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 GDP(100 만 $) 10,273 11,156 12,309 23,789 39,365 63,618-10 -
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구분 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1차산업 6.3 4.9 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.3 소계 39.2 37.8 36.2 35.5 34.9 36.9 37.6 한 2차산제조업 27.6 29.4 27.6 26.9 26.4 28.6 28.4 국업건설업 11.6 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.3 9.2 3차산업 51.8 54.4 56.3 57.5 57.2 55.6 56.3 1차산업 20.5 16.4 15.8 15.3 14.4 15.2 n.a 소계 48.8 50.2 50.1 50.4 52.2 52.9 n.a 중 2차산제조업 42.3 43.6 43.5 43.7 45.2 45.9 n.a 국업 건설업 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.0 n.a 3차산업 30.7 33.4 34.1 34.3 33.4 31.9 n.a 1차산업 n.a n.a 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 소계 n.a n.a 27.1 26.5 26.5 26.9 26.4 일 2차산제조업 n.a n.a 20.1 19.7 20.1 20.4 20.2 본업건설업 n.a n.a 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.1 3차산업 n.a n.a 71.2 71.9 71.9 71.6 72.2 출처 : 통계로보는한중일 ( 삼성경제연구소 ) 블로그자료 (http://blog.daum.net/1sttb/9960948) - 15 -
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연도 1990 1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 석탄 (1000톤) 60,000 22,070 22,290 24,610 45,000 68,000 120,000 전력 (10억 KWh) 56.4 25.6 25.9 28.6 50 70 100-23 -
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년도 2001 년 2002 년 2003 년 2004 년 2005 년 2006 년 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 발령횟수 24 43 27 100 63 21 47 51 31-25 -
(a) (b) (c) (d) - 26 -
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Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Ethane 3.90 3.64 3.35 3.13 2,3-Dimethylpentane 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 Ethylene 2.01 1.64 1.32 1.06 3-Methylhexane 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.04 Propane 4.73 4.09 3.78 3.70 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 Propylene 0.57 0.48 0.44 0.36 n-heptane 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.06 iso-butane 1.29 1.02 1.26 1.01 Methylcyclohexane 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.10 n-butane 2.50 1.85 2.00 1.77 2,3,4-TriMethylpentane 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Acethylene 1.32 1.06 0.83 0.60 Toluene 3.58 3.94 4.12 3.23 trans-2-butene 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 2-Methylheptane 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1-Butene 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.05 3-Methylheptane 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 cis-2-butene 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 n-octane 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.04 Cyclopentane 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.04 Ethylbenzene 0.63 0.57 0.50 0.42 iso-pentane 0.95 0.91 0.83 0.64 m/p-xylene 1.04 0.82 0.69 0.62 n-pentane 0.72 0.68 0.56 0.46 Styrene 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.06 trans-2-pentene 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02 o-xylene 0.30 0.26 0.22 0.22 1-Pentene 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 n-nonane 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.06 cis-2-pentene 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 Isopropylbenzene 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,2-Dimethylbutane 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 n-propylbenzene 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 2,3-Dimethylbutane 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 m-ethyltoluene 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 2-Methylpentane 0.28 0.24 0.22 0.16 p-ethyltoluene 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 3-Methylpentane 0.23 0.21 0.18 0.12 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 Isoprene 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.07 o-ethyltoluene 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 1-Hexene 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.09 n-hexane 0.50 0.41 0.52 0.43 n-decane 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 Methylcyclopentane 0.40 0.28 0.21 0.18 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 2,4-Dimethylpentane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 m-diethylbenzene 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Benzene 0.42 0.39 0.41 0.43 p-diethylbenzene 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 Cyclohexane 0.20 0.14 0.13 0.09 n-undecane 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 2-Methylhexane 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.03 n-dodecane 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 29 -
Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Ethane 6.3 5.4 3.9 4.4 2,3-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ethylene 3.0 2.3 1.4 1.4 3-Methylhexane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Propane 4.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Propylene 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 n-heptane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 iso-butane 1.5 1.2 2.9 1.6 Methylcyclohexane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-butane 3.4 2.2 4.7 2.6 2,3,4-TriMethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Acethylene 2.5 1.8 0.7 0.7 Toluene 3.8 3.3 2.8 2.9 trans-2-butene 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2-Methylheptane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-Butene 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 3-Methylheptane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cis-2-butene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 n-octane 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Cyclopentane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ethylbenzene 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 iso-pentane 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.9 m/p-xylene 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 n-pentane 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.6 Styrene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 trans-2-pentene 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 o-xylene 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1-Pentene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-nonane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 cis-2-pentene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Isopropylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,2-Dimethylbutane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-propylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,3-Dimethylbutane 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 m-ethyltoluene 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2-Methylpentane 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 p-ethyltoluene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-Methylpentane 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Isoprene 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 o-ethyltoluene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-Hexene 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-hexane 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 n-decane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Methylcyclopentane 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,4-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 m-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Benzene 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 p-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cyclohexane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-undecane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2-Methylhexane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 n-dodecane 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 30 -
Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Ethane 8.5 6.3 7.2 5.9 2,3-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ethylene 4.5 3.0 2.9 2.0 3-Methylhexane 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 Propane 8.3 5.8 5.7 6.4 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Propylene 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 n-heptane 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 iso-butane 2.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 Methylcyclohexane 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 n-butane 6.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 2,3,4-TriMethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Acethylene 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 Toluene 7.6 5.0 6.1 4.6 trans-2-butene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2-Methylheptane 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1-Butene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 3-Methylheptane 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 cis-2-butene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 n-octane 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 Cyclopentane 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Ethylbenzene 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 iso-pentane 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.0 m/p-xylene 2.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 n-pentane 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 Styrene 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 trans-2-pentene 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 o-xylene 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 1-Pentene 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 n-nonane 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 cis-2-pentene 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Isopropylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,2-Dimethylbutane 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 n-propylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,3-Dimethylbutane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 m-ethyltoluene 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 2-Methylpentane 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 p-ethyltoluene 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 3-Methylpentane 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 Isoprene 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 o-ethyltoluene 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1-Hexene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 n-hexane 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 n-decane 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 Methylcyclopentane 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 2,4-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 m-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Benzene 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 p-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cyclohexane 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 n-undecane 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 2-Methylhexane 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-dodecane 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 31 -
Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Chemical Species 2007 년 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 Ethane 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2,3-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ethylene 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 3-Methylhexane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propane 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propylene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-heptane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 iso-butane 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 Methylcyclohexane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-butane 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 2,3,4-TriMethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Acethylene 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 Toluene 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 trans-2-butene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2-Methylheptane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-Butene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-Methylheptane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cis-2-butene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-octane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cyclopentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ethylbenzene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 iso-pentane 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 m/p-xylene 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 n-pentane 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 Styrene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 trans-2-pentene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o-xylene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-Pentene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-nonane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cis-2-pentene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Isopropylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,2-Dimethylbutane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-propylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,3-Dimethylbutane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 m-ethyltoluene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2-Methylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 p-ethyltoluene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-Methylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Isoprene 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 o-ethyltoluene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-Hexene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-hexane 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 n-decane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Methylcyclopentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,4-Dimethylpentane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 m-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Benzene 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 p-diethylbenzene 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cyclohexane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-undecane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2-Methylhexane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-dodecane 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 32 -
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구분 PCDD/DFs Co-PCBs PCDD/DFs+Co-PCBs 서울반포동 0.034 0.000 0.034 서울서소문동 0.043 0.003 0.047 춘천석사동 0.050 0.002 0.052 강릉옥천동 0.006 0.000 0.006 안산본오동 0.059 0.001 0.060 시흥정황동 0.205 0.012 0.217 성남정자동 0.047 0.002 0.048 포천신읍동 0.304 0.010 0.314 인천석남동 0.130 0.009 0.139 인천고잔동 0.127 0.007 0.134 인천주안동 0.089 0.004 0.092 부산초량동 0.013 0.000 0.013 대전구성동 0.032 0.000 0.032 대구만촌동 0.092 0.001 0.093 광주송정동 0.055 0.001 0.056 울산여천동 0.065 0.003 0.068 청주내덕동 0.041 0.001 0.042 단양매포리 0.045 0.000 0.045 서산독곶리 0.019 0.001 0.020 태안파도리 0.015 0.000 0.015 천안백석동 0.056 0.006 0.062 공주고당리 0.009 0.000 0.009 구미공단동 0.070 0.007 0.077 포항장흥동 0.033 0.001 0.034 안동남문동 0.024 0.001 0.025 울릉태화동 0.001 0.000 0.001 창원가음정동 0.020 0.000 0.020 진주상봉동동 0.010 0.000 0.010 군산신풍동 0.024 0.002 0.026 익산팔봉동 0.039 0.002 0.040 광양중동 0.001 0.000 0.001 여수중흥동 0.034 0.002 0.036 목포용당동 0.027 0.001 0.028 해남성내리 0.028 0.002 0.030 장흥용강리 0.030 0.002 0.031 순천장천동 0.001 0.000 0.001 제주고산리 0.001 0.000 0.001 최대 0.304 0.012 0.314 최소 0.001 0.000 0.001 평균 0.051 0.002 0.053 표준편차 0.060 0.003 0.062 PCDDs : 다이옥신 ; PCDFs : 퓨란 ; Co-PCBs : 코플라나피시비 출처 : 환경부, 2010, 2009 년도잔류성유기오염물질 (POPs) 측정망실태조사최종보고서 - 34 -
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구분 Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin DDTs CHLs HEPTs Mirex Tox 서울반포동 ND 0.565 ND 4.37 3.686 0.714 ND ND 서울서소문동 ND 0.654 ND 9.014 2.836 0.346 ND ND 춘천석사동 ND 0.451 ND 4.567 9.558 1.109 ND ND 강릉옥천동 ND 0.109 ND 2.578 3.969 1.467 ND ND 안산본오동 ND 0.178 ND 8.241 2.939 1.380 ND ND 시흥정황동 ND 0.125 ND 11.871 2.315 0.383 ND ND 성남정자동 ND 0.088 ND 6.637 2.757 0.394 ND ND 포천신읍동 ND 0.824 0.093 7.847 5.941 2.181 ND ND 인천석남동 ND 0.509 ND 11.421 7.254 0.976 ND ND 인천고잔동 ND 0.272 ND 10.579 4.018 1.861 ND ND 인천주안동 ND 0.122 ND 11.446 3.169 0.427 ND ND 부산초량동 ND 0.616 ND 11.854 2.693 0.253 ND ND 대전구성동 ND 0.267 ND 2.076 2.802 0.653 ND ND 대구만촌동 ND 0.612 ND 26.214 2.634 1.088 ND ND 광주송정동 ND 0.231 ND 8.809 4.704 1.267 ND ND 울산여천동 ND ND ND 3.369 3.386 0.311 ND ND 청주내덕동 ND 0.108 ND 6.149 6.888 1.951 ND ND 단양매포리 ND 0.114 0.120 3.855 2.926 0.585 ND ND 서산독곶리 ND 0.093 ND 6.288 3.623 0.418 ND ND 태안파도리 ND ND ND 6.012 8.633 0.346 ND ND 천안백석동 ND ND ND 4.066 5.208 0.910 ND ND 공주고당리 ND 0.648 ND 4.721 4.094 0.339 ND ND 구미공단동 ND ND ND 4.619 5.101 0.909 ND ND 포항장흥동 ND 0.297 ND 2.479 3.957 0.206 ND ND 안동남문동 ND ND ND 2.197 4.55 0.434 ND ND 울릉태화동 ND 0.154 ND 0.69 2.579 0.100 ND ND 창원가음정동 ND 0.463 ND 1.393 1.805 0.291 ND ND 진주상봉동동 ND 0.111 ND 4.922 1.726 0.312 ND ND 군산신풍동 ND 0.326 ND 5.051 2.026 0.721 ND ND 익산팔봉동 ND 0.087 ND 4.371 5.351 1.438 ND ND 광양중동 ND ND ND 1.4 2.032 0.266 ND ND 여수중흥동 ND 0.457 ND 8.175 4.917 0.090 ND ND 목포용당동 ND 0.231 ND 5.279 1.043 0.354 ND ND 해남성내리 ND ND ND 5.017 4.07 1.166 ND ND 장흥용강리 ND ND ND 2.707 1.295 0.686 ND ND 순천장천동 ND 0.591 ND 6.142 2.266 0.916 ND ND 제주고산리 ND 0.100 ND 6.344 9.819 0.592 ND ND 최대 ND 0.824 0.120 26.214 9.819 2.181 ND ND 최소 ND ND ND 0.69 1.043 0.090 ND ND 평균 - 0.254 0.006 6.264 4.015 0.752 - - 표준편차 - 0.239 0.025 4.567 2.162 0.539 - - DDTs : p,p-dde, p,p-ddd, p,p-ddt, o,p-ddd, o,p-ddt의합 CHLs : cis, trans, oxy chlordane 과 cis, trans, nonachlor 의합 HEPTs : heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide 의합 출처 : 환경부, 2010, 2009 년도잔류성유기오염물질 (POPs) 측정망실태조사최종보고서 - 36 -
SO 2 NO 2 오염물질 Class I Class II Class III Class I Class II Class III 1시간평균 150 50 700 120 120 240 24시간평균 50 150 250 80 80 120 연평균 20 60 100 40 40 80 PM 10 PM 2.5 오염물질 Class I Class II Class III Class I Class II Class III 24시간평균 50 150 250 50 150 250 연평균 40 100 150 40 100 150-37 -
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도시 ( 측정기간 ) Atlanta (1991) Yokohama (2000) Guangzhou (2000) Birmingham (2001) Nanjing (2001) Hong Kong (2002) Seoul (2003) Beijing (2002~2003) Beijing (2007) Shanghai (2006 2008) Shengyang (2008) Benzene Toluene 1,2,4- Phenylethanxylene m,p- o-xylene trimethylbenzene 30.6 60.4 13.3 36 13.3 1.3 5.1 0.6 2.2 0.1 33.8 62 15.6 38.1 18.2 6 21.8 10.8 3.3 9.04 10.22 3.57 2.69 5.04 1.08 4.2 16 3.3 9.9 4.3 5.6 52.6 8.5 17.5 7.1 7.5 12.5 2.2 4 1.4 1.3 9.2 17 5.5 10 3.2 1.5 6.47 20.31 6.5 6.14 2.42 5.6 5.8 1.4 7.9 3.5-42 -
- 43 -
Beijing Seoul St Diego Houston Kaohsiung Propane 1.8 9.6 137.5 16.2 6.8 Isobutane 1.8 3.2 16.1 13.3 2.6 Butane 0.6 5.4 27 9.2 1.8 Isopentane 2.9 2.2 14.2 8.7 1.6 Pentane 0.8 1.2 6.6 4.6 2.6 2,2-dimethylbutane 0.1 0.3-0.4 - Cyclopentane 0.3 1.2-0.7-2,3-dimethylbutane 0.2 0.3-0.7 0.13 2-methylpentane 0.4 0.1 4.8 2.3 1.7 3-methylpentane 2.2 0.1 2.8 1.7 1.5 Hexane 0.4 3.3 4.1 2.8 0.7 methylcyclopentane 0.2 4.4-1.3 0.8 2,4-dimethylpentane 0.1 7-0.3 0.6 Cyclohexane 0.1 1.6-0.7-2-methylhexane 0.2 0.4-1.6-2,3-dimethylpentane 0.1 0.2 - - - 3-methylpentane 0.3 0.4-1.3 - Heptane 0.3 0.6 2.8 1.3 - Methylcyclohexane 0.1 0.5-1.5-2-methylheptane 0.1 1.7-0.3 2.6 3-methylheptane 0.1 1.2-0.4 - Octane 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.5 3.2 Nonane 0.3 1.5-0.9 2.9 Propylene 1.6 2.1 8 3.4 5.5 1-Ethylene 1.3 0.2 2.4 0.6 2.1 1,3-butadiene 0.3-1.5 0.7 - Trans-2-butene 0.2 0.4-0.2 - Cis-2-butene 0.2 0.2-0.2 3 2-methyl-2-butene - - - 0.2 - Pentene 0.1 0.1-0.3 - Anti-2-pentene 0.1 0.2-0.3 - Cis-2-pentene 0.1 0.1-0.2-3-methyl-1-butene 0.1 - - 0.2 8.9 4-methyl-1-pentene 0.1 - - - - Trans-2-hexene - - - 0.1 - Cis-2-hexene 0.1 - - 0.2 1.8 Benzene 2.5 0.8 6 2 1.3 Toluene 3.6 39.8 21.8 5.6 7.3 Phenylethane 1 4.4-1.3 1.2 m-,p-xylene 1.2 5.3 5.2 4.2 1.5 Styrene 0.4 0.5-2.4 - o-xylene 0.6 2.1 3.8 1.6 - Isopropyl benzenetrimethylbenzene 0.1 0.7-0.2 3.2 Propylene benzene 0.4 0.3-0.3-1,3,5-TMB 0.3 0.9 1.4 0.7 2.5 1,2,4-TMB 0.8 1.1 3.1 1.8 2.6 Isoprene 0.2 0.3 0.5 2.7 - - 44 -
VOCs Park Business and Industry Street in Residential Territories Island Benzene 1.4 26.4 28.9 52.6 22.7 Toluene 4 24.5 15.6 30.8 30.9 Phenylethane 0.3 1.8 1.1 2.1 3.6 m-,p-xylene 0.9 4.4 2.5 6.9 9.9 o-xylene 0.5 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.5 Styrene 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.5 Chlorobenzene 0.1 1.2 0.6 2.9 2.3 o-dichlorobenzene 0 0.8 nd 0.4 0.6 Chloride 7.5 164.7 120.1 205.8 74.8 Chloroform 0.5 3.9 13.5 5.8 6.3 1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.2 0.4 0.7 0 0.7 1,2-dichloroethane 0.8 18.7 15.4 29.8 16.3 Trichlorethylene 0.4 12.6 2.8 14 11.9 Tetrachlorethylene 0.1 4 7.6 8.8 105.1 New Street of Hong Kong Benzene Toluene Phenylethane p-xylene o-xylene Average 13.2 43.6 13.5 16.4 5.5 Range 34.69 32.96 11.07 95.31 3.82 27.74 94.75 136.15 21.84 11.99-45 -
2001 년 a) 2002 년 b) 2002 년 c) 2005 년 d) 2005 년 e) 2006 년 f) 2007 년 g) 2008 년 h) (ppbv) (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) Ethane 1.61 7.28 9.61 2.5 178.8 3.90±1.17 0.81 3.47 4.77±0. 56 0.32 16.36 Propane 0.41 3.68 2.32 3.7 55.7 11.29±5.69 1.3 19.8 11.04±8.23 0.5 23.15 Butane 0.14 2.68 3.78 4.8 86.5 6.31±3.21 0.76 9.77 5.00 ±2.77 0.42 7.85 3.84 Isobutane 0.12 1.62 2.66 3.9 62.1 4.48±2.31 0.47 6.14 3.37 ±1. 91 0.19 8.38 2,2-dimethyl butane 0 0.06 2.07 2,3-dimethyl butane 0 0.11 3.81 Pentane 0.03 0.91 2.05 3.2 93.9 1.76±0.87 1.14 ±0. 61 0.25 3.71 Isopentane, 0.07 1.69 4.19 1.0 59.8 3.81±1.93 3.21 ±1. 85 0.73 24.17 1.25 3.45 Cyclopentane 0.01 0.14 2.47 0.57 ±2. 99 Methylcyclopentane 0.01 0.30 3.71 2-methyl pentane 0.01 1.84 4.52 0.2 2.74 0.36 ±0. 12 1.3 3-methylpentane 0.07 0.75 2.98 0.12 1.87 1.13 ±0. 53 0.41 21.26 1.08 2,4-dimethyl pentane 9.28 0.48 ±0. 32 2,3-dimethyl pentane 4.53 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane 0.01 0.30 4.69 0.44 ±0. 37 2,3,4-trimethyl pentane 0 0.72 3.55 Hexane 0.03 0.75 3.72 0.14 2.25 0.41 ±0. 27 0.03 45.71 0.89 5.68 Cyclohexane 0 0.25 0. 18 ±0. 2 2-methyl hexane 5.28 0.13 1.83 1.42 ±0. 92 3-methyl-hexane 2.77 0.08 2.09 0.70 ±0. 44 Methylcyclohexane 2.78 0.01 ±0. 01 Heptane 0.04 1.13 5.26 3.23 1.12±0.65 0.1 2.14 1.45 ±0. 97 0.08 12.03 2-methyl heptane 3.23 0.35 ±0. 23 3-methyl heptane 3.55 0.26 ±0. 16 Octane 0 0.11 7.31 0.03 7.11 0.48 ±0. 24 0,09 8.19 Nonane 0.01 0.74 3.61 0.02 1.07 0.13 ±0. 06 Decane 0.02 9.23 a) Tang et al., 2008 ; b) Wangboguang et al., 2008 ; c) Chenhongwei et al., 2003 ; d) Tang et al., 2007 ; e) Barletta et al., 2008 ; f) Xiexin et al., 2009 ; g) Ling et al., 2011; h) Luowei et al., 2011-46 -
2001 a) (ppb) 2002 b) 2002 c) 2005 d) 2005 e) 2006 f) 2007 g) 2008 h) (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) Acetylene 0.75 7.91 6.43 7.8 188.8 9.80±3.95 1.71 13.4 0.76 10.72 Propargyl 0 0.06 Ethylene 0.32 6.54 205.65 2.5 275.6 8.60±4.28 0.78 11.1 3.78±0.88 0.64 11.82 Propylene 0.08 2.00 1.66 2.5 50.8 2.36±1.34 0.12 2.21 2.32±1.13 0.26 3.4 Butene 0.02 0.39 2.28 1.4 46.7 0.07 1.06 0.47±0. 27 1.5 4.45 Isobutylene 0.03 0.39 1.04±0.64 0.07 1.15 1.15±0.36 1,3-butadiene 0 0.18 1.88-0.02 0.06 0.44±0.2 0.01 0.67 Trans-2-butene 0 0.12 1.51 1.0 70.8 0.01 1.11 0.77±0.34 0.53 1.83 Cis-2-butene 0 0.11-1.7 59.3 0.01 0.4 0.75±0.33 1.51 4.68 2-methyl-1-butene, 0.02 0.9 3-methyl-1-butene 0.01 0.2 2-methyl-2-butene 0.01 0.99 3-methylbutene 0.26±0.13 Pentene 0 1.35-0.02 0.5 0.62±0.32 0.37 1.3 Anti-2-pentene 0 0.14 0.01 0.8 0.39±0.21 Cis-2-pentene 0 0.09 0.01 0.4 0.20±0.11 0.27 Isoprene 0.05 1.40 0.27±0.14 0.18 4.46 0.82±0.42 0.48 1.75 4-methyl-1-pentene 4.43 Cyclopentene 1.55 Trans-2-hexene 1.97 Cis-2-hexene 1.97 α-pinene 0.32±0.29 0.01 0.62 β-pinene 0.00 0.05 a) Tang et al., 2008 ; b) Wangboguang et al., 2008 ; c) Chenhongwei et al., 2003 ; d) Tang et al., 2007 ; e) Barletta et al., 2008 ; f) Xiexin et al., 2009 ; g) Ling et al., 2011; h) Luowei et al., 2011 (ppbv) - 47 -
표 Ⅱ-21. 광저우대기중 BTEX 화합물농도의연도별추세 1998년 a) 2001년 b) 2002년 c) 2002년 d) 2004년 e) 2005년 f) 2005년 g) 2006년 h) 2007년 i) 2008년 j) μg / m3 ppbv μg / m3 μg / m3 μg / m3 ppbv ppbv ppbv μg / m3 ppbv Benzene 0.017 0.107 0.17 2.66 8.87 1.4 7.4 3.92 15.90 2.75±1.19 0.65 6.8 2.65±1.57 0.7 9.32 Toluene 0.053 0.097 0.40 13.39 40.33 2.8 55.4 4.63 52.22 10.02±4.69 0.72 19.6 7.5±4.87 0.44 116.13 1.53 2.93 Ethyl toluene 0.01 0.84 0.01 0.35 0.11±0.08 Ethyl toluene 0.01 1.40 0.04 0.70 O-ethyl toluene 0 0.54 0.03 0.34 Ethylbenzene 0.009 0.054 0.04 2.62 7.32 1.9 6.6 0.97 35.41 1.19±1.04 0.14 4.6 1.1±0.87 0.2 119.46 M-xylene - 0.05 2.02 4.64 0.16 3.15 O-xylene 0.009 0.044 0.03 1.48 0.67 14.03 1.16±0.62 0.09 1.83 0.8±0.62 0.14 115.90 Para-xylene 0.011 0.053 0.04 7.77-0.1 1.77 Paraxylene 1.07 24.16 3.03±1.69 1.8±1.48 0.25 365.54 0.46 0.49 Between O-xylene 0.7 5.2 O-xylene 6.18 Styrene 0.005 0.064 3.65 4.2 4.4 0.22±0.19 Propylene benzene 0 0.42 3.15 0.02 0.25 0.04±0.03 Isopropyl benzenetrimethylbenzene 0 0.40 3.01 0.01 0.13 0.01±0.01 1,3,5 - trimethylbenzene 0.01 2.01 4.16 0.03 0.42 0.14±0.35 0.05 5.62 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene 0.02 3.84 5.88 0.45±0.26 0.09 1.07 0.20±0.15 0.2 98.88 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 0.03 0.41 0.11±0.08 0.05 22.48 a) Wangbouang et al., 1999 ; b) JH Tang et al., 2008 ; c) Wangbouang et al., 2008; d) Chenhongwei et al., 2003 ; e) Lvhuixiong et al., 2008 ; f) JH Tang et al., 2007 ; g) Baletta et al., 2008; h) Xiexin et al., 2009; i) ZH Ling et al., 2011 ; j) Luowei et al., 2011-48 -
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( 출처 : 일본총무성통계국홈페이지 ) - 52 -
- 53 -
( 출처 : e 나라지표홈페이지 ) - 54 -
( 출처 : Wang et al., 2004) - 55 -
국가위치주요피해분야피해양상 몽골발생지 중국 발생지 / 이동경로 한국이동경로 / 근거리 북한이동경로 / 근거리 일본이동경로 / 원거리 인명, 주택 ( 건물 ), 농업, 수자원, 교통, 통신, 전기, 대기, 생태환경, 건강 인명, 주택 ( 건물 ), 농업, 수자원, 교통, 통신, 전기, 대기, 생태환경, 건강 건강, 산업, 교통, 농업, 기타사회활동 ( 교육서비스 ) 건강, 산업, 교통, 농업, 기타사회활동 ( 교육서비스 ) - 황사발생지역의재난형파괴 - 황사발생지역재난형파괴 - 이동경로지역재난형피해 - 건강피해, 산업활동및생활지장초래, 재해발생 - 건강위해, 산업활동및생활지장초래, 재해발생 건강, 산업, 교통 - 건강위해, 산업활동및생활지장초래 출처 : 관계부처합동황사피해방지종합대책 2008. 5. - 56 -
( 출처 : NRC, 2009) - 57 -
( 출처 : NRC, 2009) - 58 -
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) - 62 -
(a) (b) (c) 풍향 (degree) 서풍-all 225-315 서풍-Ⅰ 270-315 서풍-Ⅱ 225-270 - 63 -
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 서풍-all 10% 11% 14% 13% 10% 12% 11% 11% 12% 17% 23% 13% 서풍-Ⅰ 7% 8% 11% 10% 7% 8% 8% 8% 9% 12% 19% 10% 서풍-Ⅱ 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 7% 6% 6% 7% 6% 7% 6% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 서풍-all 27% 12% 24% 17% 9% 17% 16% 24% 23% 27% 27% 20% 서풍-Ⅰ 19% 8% 15% 10% 5% 8% 6% 14% 14% 17% 17% 12% 서풍- Ⅱ 8% 4% 9% 7% 4% 9% 9% 10% 9% 10% 10% 8% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 평균 서풍-all 56% 37% 41% 41% 45% 41% 44% 43% 42% 43% 43% 서풍-Ⅰ 47% 27% 29% 30% 34% 28% 34% 32% 31% 31% 32% 서풍-Ⅱ 19% 18% 21% 22% 24% 21% 19% 19% 22% 23% 21% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 평균 서풍-all 36% 33% 29% 32% 28% 33% 26% 27% 33% 34% 31% 서풍-Ⅰ 23% 19% 16% 21% 15% 16% 15% 14% 18% 27% 18% 서풍-Ⅱ 16% 16% 15% 13% 14% 19% 12% 14% 19% 19% 16% - 65 -
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 37.01 33.10 53.26 40.79 37.09 40.99 39.90 46.86 50.57 45.33 49.10 43.09 14.04 서풍- all 42.77 37.83 63.86 46.94 41.53 49.03 49.06 52.63 64.30 52.49 59.36 50.89 16.25 서풍-Ⅰ 43.52 38.30 61.49 49.53 42.68 51.92 51.46 51.15 69.12 53.44 60.87 52.14 16.62 서풍- Ⅱ 40.13 36.00 66.44 42.49 38.69 44.73 45.81 56.96 60.13 49.46 53.33 48.56 14.12 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 1.60 1.34 1.41 1.51 1.75 2.23 2.12 2.29 1.91 2.81 2.69 1.97 25.48 서풍- all 1.66 1.43 1.90 1.51 1.94 2.40 2.48 2.51 2.23 3.52 3.40 2.27 34.51 서풍-Ⅰ 1.71 1.54 2.04 1.55 2.06 2.71 2.93 2.72 2.47 3.82 3.54 2.46 34.95 서풍- Ⅱ 1.65 1.15 1.48 1.34 1.66 2.00 1.72 2.27 2.03 2.64 2.94 1.90 28.24-67 -
- 68 -
(a) (b) (c) (d) - 69 -
- 70 -
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 67.09 55.41 54.12 56.89 50.83 52.31 55.22 57.19 53.39 56.26 56.64 55.94-8.45 서풍- all 71.66 52.24 73.30 61.02 41.99 55.13 54.30 61.48 57.88 62.28 64.76 59.64-5.06 서풍-Ⅰ 71.88 53.76 73.98 63.04 44.66 59.01 56.73 63.58 58.22 65.19 68.61 61.69-2.33 서풍- Ⅱ 71.19 49.51 72.19 58.03 38.94 51.80 52.63 58.53 57.36 57.23 58.23 56.88-10 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 2.07 1.86 1.98 3.28 2.33 2.73 2.84 3.30 3.42 2.71 2.54 2.64 10.25 서풍- all 2.04 1.85 1.98 3.57 2.31 2.38 2.83 3.62 3.77 2.95 2.84 2.74 16.36 서풍-Ⅰ 1.76 1.77 2.10 3.54 2.51 2.75 3.30 4.22 3.91 3.05 2.96 2.90 25.34 서풍- Ⅱ 2.76 1.99 1.79 3.61 2.08 2.06 2.51 2.78 3.57 2.78 2.66 2.60-1.92-71 -
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 39.84 35.19 38.17 42.46 37.80 39.68 39.14 39.09 42.81 40.72 34.28 39.02-7.5 서풍- all 42.44 37.38 40.94 46.78 35.51 46.43 44.19 41.96 46.96 45.40 37.65 42.33-5.98 서풍-Ⅰ 41.40 37.15 39.61 46.52 36.36 46.34 41.21 41.32 44.49 42.98 36.27 41.24-6.6 서풍- Ⅱ 44.66 37.80 43.14 47.18 34.53 46.52 46.29 42.86 50.62 49.55 40.00 43.92-5.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 5.75 6.66 7.15 7.67 5.84 6.31 7.12 7.60 7.35 6.38 7.28 6.83 11.77 서풍- all 5.32 5.17 6.75 7.36 5.16 5.96 6.46 7.16 6.76 5.53 6.87 6.23 12.72 서풍-Ⅰ 5.25 5.22 6.47 7.25 5.55 6.76 6.96 7.92 6.74 5.53 7.22 6.44 15.79 서풍- Ⅱ 5.48 5.08 7.21 7.52 4.71 5.28 6.12 6.13 6.78 5.51 6.27 6.01 6.72-72 -
(a) (b) (c) (d) - 73 -
- 74 -
- 75 -
- 76 -
(a) (b) (c) (d) - 77 -
- 78 -
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 평균 10 년간 변화율 Total 40.00 44.58 41.14 40.34 44.87 45.21 44.26 44.73 45.26 45.58 43.60 6.51 서풍- all 35.82 40.49 42.87 45.76 44.34 44.94 44.68 45.72 42.85 44.63 43.21 10.95 서풍-Ⅰ 35.57 40.02 41.35 45.26 43.47 43.58 44.15 44.17 41.74 43.66 42.30 10.21 서풍- Ⅱ 36.70 41.46 45.06 46.43 45.87 46.48 45.68 49.24 44.26 46.35 44.75 11.61-80 -
(a) (b) (c) (d) - 81 -
봄가을측정소 2000 3.10 3.15 6.9 6.17 11.10 11.19 Gosan, Ganghwa, Taean, Geoje 2001 4.10 4.19 11.5 11.14 Gosan, Ganghwa, Taean, Geoje 2002 3.5 3.14 4.16 4.30 12.10 12.19 Gosan, Ganghwa, Taean, Geoje 2003 4.1 4.15 5.27 6.5 11.10 11.19 Gosan, Ganghwa, Taean, Geoje 2004 10.8 10.27 11.26 12.15 Gosan, Ganghwa, Taean 2005 10.15 10.24 Gosan, Deokjeok 2006 4.1 4.15 6.6 6.15 10.15 10.25 Gosan, Deokjeok 2007 4.16 4.25 10.15 10.24 Gosan, Deokjeok 2008 5.20 6.1 10.9 10.19 Gosan, Deokjeok 2009 4.12 4.24 10.14 10.24 Gosan, Deokjeok 2010 5.11 5.20 10.19 10.27 Gosan, Baekryung - 82 -
- 83 -
PM 10 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.43 0.79 0.54 0.28 0.53 0.29 0.64 0.54 0.41 0.65 0.09 0.47 NH 4 + 4.80 1.98 0.78 1.75 1.87 1.92 2.25 1.52 0.83 1.15 0.96 1.80 ss-k + 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 nss-k + 1.29 0.47 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.17 0.22 0.19 0.11 0.99 3.58 0.67 ss-ca 2+ 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 nss-ca 2+ 0.22 1.18 0.18 0.25 0.09 0.07 0.18 0.14 0.35 0.10 0.25 0.27 Mg 2+ 0.09 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.15 0.42 0.12 Cl - 0.17 0.52 0.44 0.34 0.24 0.31 0.43 0.37 0.12 0.55 3.06 0.60 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-4.75 1.97 1.82 1.91 4.29 1.02 1.91 1.18 0.31 1.18 10.42 2.79 0.11 0.20 0.14 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.10 0.16 0.02 0.12 11.48 7.57 1.88 4.31 3.38 4.31 4.82 4.76 3.55 3.74 47.49 8.84 PM 2.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.36 0.58 0.44 0.27 0.44 0.15 0.38 0.40 0.17 0.41 0.67 0.39 NH 4 + 3.79 1.56 0.56 1.19 1.37 1.47 1.86 1.37 0.76 1.34 2.53 1.62 ss-k + 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 nss-k + 0.86 0.39 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.05 0.64 0.21 0.26 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 nss-ca 2+ 0.22 0.88 0.16 0.19 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.37 0.21 Mg 2+ 0.09 0.14 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.06 Cl - 0.18 0.35 0.36 0.23 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.28 0.05 0.59 0.46 0.28 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-3.73 1.50 1.35 1.56 1.91 0.86 1.22 0.91 0.13 0.30 1.71 1.38 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.04 0.09 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.17 0.10 9.94 5.82 1.68 2.85 3.46 3.22 4.00 4.15 2.62 3.88 7.15 4.43-84 -
(a) (b) - 85 -
. PM 2.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Overall Na + 1.80 4.45 1.57 1.69 1.88 2.28 NH 4 + 5.48 6.04 2.75 5.23 1.32 4.16 ss-k + 0.06 0.16 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 nss-k + 1.65 1.81 0.48 0.51 0.63 1.02 ss-ca 2+ 0.07 0.17 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 nss-ca 2+ 0.81 7.32 0.35 0.75 0.47 1.94 Mg 2+ 0.31 1.38 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.48 Cl - 2.30 2.55 1.48 2.23 2.83 2.28 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 4.67 5.12 5.15 11.58 3.52 6.01 0.45 1.12 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.57 9.23 5.86 6.51 7.87 4.99 6.89-86 -
PM 2.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Overall Na + 0.55 1.61 1.06 0.43 0.65 0.86 NH 4 + 2.98 4.56 2.47 1.64 0.95 2.52 ss-k + 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 nss-k + 1.10 1.11 0.34 0.18 0.42 0.63 ss-ca 2+ 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 nss-ca 2+ 0.12 2.06 0.14 0.19 0.11 0.52 Mg 2+ 0.02 0.40 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.12 Cl - 0.79 0.78 0.52 0.46 0.46 0.60 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2.38 3.09 3.25 3.14 1.52 2.68 0.14 0.41 0.27 0.11 0.17 0.22 8.40 6.00 6.01 2.93 3.12 5.29 (a) (b) - 87 -
- 88 -
PM 10 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Overall Na + 0.18 1.08 0.40 0.65 0.59 0.58 NH 4 + 2.48 2.38 2.34 2.67 2.04 2.38 ss-k + 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 nss-k + 0.37 0.60 0.36 0.26 0.57 0.43 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 nss-ca 2+ 0.11 0.42 0.40 0.67 0.43 0.41 Mg 2+ 0.03 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.11 Cl - 0.14 0.41 0.26 0.17 0.88 0.37 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 1.93 2.83 2.54 2.18 2.61 2.42 0.05 0.27 0.10 0.16 0.15 0.15 5.28 3.79 6.15 7.52 5.75 5.70 PM 2.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Overall Na + 0.14 0.38 0.27 0.37 0.26 0.28 NH 4 + 2.35 2.20 2.20 1.99 1.88 2.12 ss-k + 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 nss-k + 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.16 0.25 0.27 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 nss-ca 2+ 0.07 0.30 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.19 Mg 2+ 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.06 Cl - 0.09 0.26 0.20 0.09 0.68 0.26 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 1.82 2.62 1.98 1.00 1.63 1.81 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.07 4.89 3.72 5.57 5.09 4.15 4.69-89 -
(a) (b) - 90 -
PM 10 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.43 0.56 0.63 0.57 0.50 0.65 0.95 0.37 0.58 NH 4 + 0.77 2.48 2.08 2.02 1.82 2.04 1.59 4.93 2.22 ss-k + 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.04 nss-k + 0.13 0.39 0.69 0.61 0.80 1.11 0.64 0.56 0.62 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 nss-ca 2+ 0.30 2.43 1.54 1.18 1.93 1.90 2.32 2.95 1.82 Mg 2+ 0.04 0.32 0.25 0.23 0.37 0.85 0.42 0.33 0.35 Cl - 0.69 0.85 0.98 0.84 0.74 1.05 0.81 0.85 0.85 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-0.63 2.63 3.52 2.30 4.93 4.32 7.80 10.70 4.60 0.22 0.29 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.34 0.50 0.20 0.31 1.72 9.75 4.73 5.54 6.28 5.89 10.86 9.70 6.81-91 -
PM 2.5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.20 0.31 0.35 0.50 0.35 0.41 0.54 0.21 0.36 NH 4 + 0.41 1.76 1.34 1.65 1.29 1.55 1.55 4.87 1.80 ss-k + 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 nss-k + 0.06 0.19 0.41 0.48 0.52 0.63 0.45 0.56 0.41 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 nss-ca 2+ 0.14 0.91 0.85 0.88 1.48 0.84 0.95 1.21 0.91 Mg 2+ 0.01 0.13 0.14 0.20 0.21 0.40 0.14 0.18 0.18 Cl - 0.30 0.48 0.55 0.75 0.54 0.71 0.49 0.42 0.53 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-0.33 1.55 2.06 1.97 3.32 2.92 3.01 7.07 2.78 0.10 0.16 0.19 0.27 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.11 0.19 1.12 5.52 3.08 4.41 4.76 4.85 5.57 10.61 4.99 (a) (b) - 92 -
- 93 -
PM 10 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.27 0.23 0.30 0.15 0.14 0.51 0.00 0.24 0.23 NH 4 + 0.69 1.13 4.57 0.25 2.13 1.04 0.22 5.23 1.91 ss-k + 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 nss-k + 0.19 0.11 0.39 0.12 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.54 0.29 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 nss-ca 2+ 0.10 0.26 0.39 0.24 0.35 0.56 0.72 0.73 0.42 Mg 2+ 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.18 0.15 0.11 0.09 Cl - 0.42 0.30 0.46 0.22 0.20 0.75 0.21 0.60 0.40 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-0.88 1.61 3.70 0.44 1.76 1.08 0.68 7.00 2.14 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.08 0.07 0.27 0.00 0.13 0.12 1.47 2.73 11.20 0.83 5.50 3.39 13.20 13.23 6.44 PM 2.5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Overall Na + 0.16 0.21 0.21 0.14 0.11 0.30 0.19 0.05 0.17 NH 4 + 0.51 0.95 3.50 0.22 1.78 0.77 2.08 0.87 1.33 ss-k + 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 nss-k + 0.13 0.10 0.29 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.24 0.14 0.17 ss-ca 2+ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 nss-ca 2+ 0.05 0.22 0.28 0.22 0.30 0.29 0.43 0.07 0.23 Mg 2+ 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.01 0.06 Cl - 0.24 0.27 0.34 0.21 0.15 0.45 0.15 0.16 0.24 NO 3 - ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 2-0.53 1.30 2.70 0.41 1.45 0.84 0.51 0.56 1.04 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.16 0.10 0.03 0.09 1.09 2.35 8.89 0.69 4.72 2.83 10.54 2.82 4.24-94 -
(a) (b) - 95 -
- 96 -
Oki 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 Overall Na + 1.749 2.369 0.754 1.747 0.828 1.489 NH 4 + 1.170 1.398 1.998 1.247 3.097 1.782 ss-k + 0.063 0.085 0.027 0.063 0.030 0.054 nss-k + 0.243 0.304 0.408 0.106 0.194 0.251 ss-ca 2+ 0.066 0.090 0.029 0.066 0.031 0.057 nss-ca 2+ 0.275 1.180 0.134 0.267 0.179 0.407 Mg 2+ 0.195 0.367 0.104 0.227 0.121 0.203 Cl - 2.005 2.742 0.211 1.868 0.417 1.449 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 1.539 3.299 0.735 1.648 0.756 1.595 0.441 0.597 0.190 0.440 0.209 0.375 4.234 6.192 7.494 4.161 9.454 6.307 Rishiri 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 Overall Na + 6.188 1.425 0.215 1.835 0.615 2.056 NH 4 + 0.626 0.367 0.513 0.616 0.966 0.618 ss-k + 0.223 0.051 0.008 0.066 0.022 0.074 nss-k + 0.106 0.063 0.081 0.039 0.064 0.071 ss-ca 2+ 0.235 0.054 0.008 0.070 0.023 0.078 nss-ca 2+ 0.150 0.606 0.013 0.204 0.024 0.200 Mg 2+ 0.639 0.181 0.020 0.222 0.088 0.230 Cl - 10.010 2.042 0.083 2.630 0.598 3.073 NO 3-2- ss-so 4 2- nss-so 4 1.230 0.587 0.255 0.952 0.389 0.682 1.559 0.359 0.054 0.462 0.155 0.518 2.121 1.688 1.649 1.973 3.427 2.171-97 -
(a) (b) - 98 -
분포도 (http://www.eanet.cc/) - 99 -
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SO 2 NO 2 IPCC, SRES SO 2 GAINS-Asia KU-EPS Aerosols CO 2-116 -
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(a) (b) - 129 -
SO 2 Concentration at Kangwha SO 2 Concentration at Gosan 25 10 20 8 Concentration(ppb) 15 10 6 4 5 2 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 Time(00KST) Time(00KST) SO 2 Concentration at Taean SO 2 Concentration at Geoje 30 25 25 20 Concentration(ppb) 20 15 10 Concentration(ppb) 15 10 5 5 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 Time(00KST) Time(00KST) SO2 SOBS 2 Concentration at Xiamen MODEL SO2 SO2 SO OBS 2 Concentration at Dalian MODEL SO2 12 200 10 150 Concentration(ppb) 8 6 4 Concentration(ppb) 100 50 2 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 Time(00CST) Time(00CST) SO2 SO OBS 2 Concentration at Rishiri MODEL SO2 SO2 SO OBS 2 Concentration at Oki MODEL SO2 2.0 6 5 1.5 Concentration(ppb) 1.0 Concentration(ppb) 4 3 2 0.5 1 0.0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 SO2 OBS MODEL SO2 Time(00KST) 0 03/05 03/06 03/07 03/08 03/09 03/10 03/11 03/12 03/13 03/14 03/15 03/16 SO2 OBS MODEL SO2 Time(00KST) - 130 -
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) - 132 -
(a) (b) - 133 -
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) - 135 -
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사업명 1. 호소수질개선사업 2. 환경산업라운드테이블 주요내용및추진현황 호소수질오염심화문제해결을위하여수질관리경험을활용하여중국서호수질개선을위한통합관리시스템구축 - 호소부영양화관리공동매뉴얼작성, DB구축등 환경산업및기술에관한정보교류및이해증진을위해 3국이매년교대로환경기술세이나, 국제전시회등과연계개최 3. 3 국공동환경교육 3 국의환경공동체의식을제고하고환경문제와환경정책에대 재고를위해 3 국환경공무원을대상으로매년교대로실시 한상호이해 4. TEMM 공동홈페이지 5. 환경교육네트워크 (TEEN) 6. 장거리이동대기오염조사사업 (LTP) 7. 산성강하물측정망 (EANET) 8. 동북아환경데이터센터 (NEACEDT) 3국간환경공동체의식을제고하기위한사업의일환으로 TEMM 협력사업추진현황, 공동발표문등 3국환경장관회의관련자료와 3국환경데이터 Link, 동북아환경협력현황등소개 ( 운영기관 : 국립환경과학원 (www. trmm.org) 유일한민간분야간협력사업으로서환경교육프로그램을조사하여데이터베이스구축등네트워크화를통한정보공유 동북아지역에서장거리이동되는대기오염물질배출농도측정및모델링에대한공동조사실시 동아시아 13국이산성강화물관련정보공유및국가간협력증진도모 ( 국내측정망 : 제주, 임실, 강화, 내장산 ) - 산성강화물국제부담금 ( 05부터매년 3만불 ) 납부 환경오염모니터링기술자및전문가교육훈련과각국의환경오염현황자료를수집 비교 분석추진 - 01 03년비교자료보고서발간 - 146 -
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분야별 1. 환경교육, 인식증진및대중참여 2. 기후변화 3. 생물다양성 4. 황사 5. 오염관리 6. 환경친화사회 /3R/ 건전한자원순환사회 7. 전자폐기물의국가간이동 행동계획 1. 어린이를위한환경교육책자개발 2. 3국환경학생대표회담 3. 3국환경네트워크사업 1. 상호이익적접근의정보교류 2. 온실가스감축과오염관리의상호이익을위한협력연구 3. 저탄소기술개발과역량강화도로를위한정책연구 4. 저탄소도시계획시스템연구 5. 녹색성장네트워크구축 6. 녹색경제를위한공동연구와평가를위한환경정책도모 1. 사토야마이니셔티브 2. 아-태지역생물다양성관측네트워크 (AP-BON) 3. 동남아시아생물다양성정보이니셔티브 (ESAB11) 4. 생물다양성보전과복합생태계의지속가능한이용을위한시범연구 5. 생물다양성보전과고탄소생태계관리 6. 생물다양성감시와기술적시스템평가의신속한개발 1. 아시아황사피해예방센터설립 2. 사막화지역생태계복원성공요인분석및모델개발 3. 황사예측모델정확도개ㅔ선을위한공동연구 4. 황사관련데이터공유협력증진 1. 대기오염관리 2. 동아시아국가의비고의적 POP S 감축워크샵 3. 아시아의환경적으로지속가능한교통의증진 4. 아시아물환경파트너십 5. 해양쓰레기에관련지역행동계획 1. 건전한자원순환사회 /3R/ 순환경제세미나개최 2. 한중일간 3R 정보공유시스템수립 3. 각국의 3R과폐기물관리정보수집견해교환 4. 3R을통한온실가스배출감소효과의지식과연구정보교류 5. 지역자원순화도모를위한정보교류와정책관점 1. 한중일전자폐기물관리단기공무원 / 전문가교환 2. 아시아위험폐기물불법국경이동방지네트워크 3. 아테지역의바젤협약파트너십 4. 전자폐기물국경이동통제와관리를윈한협렵및정보교류 8. 화학물질관리 1. 화학물질관리 & 화학물질환경기술협력정책대화 9. 동북아환경거버넌스 10. 환경산업및기술 1. 동북아환경거버넌스전문가위원회구성 2. 동북아환경거버넌스공동연구 3. 한중일경제와무역관계통합에따른환경영향평가 1. 환경산업라운드테이블 2. 환경신기술인 검증협력 3. 환경정보교류센터설립 - 148 -
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(Source : KEI, 2008) - 171 -
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항목 동북아시아 대기환경 보전을위한 환경협력체계 구축 동북아시아 대기환경 보전을위한 과학적지식 기반확보 세부추진항목 동북아시아대기환경보전을위한환경협력체계수립을및추진을위한집행 기구선정국가간환경협력체계수립을위한기본원칙합의동북아시아대기환경보전을위한결의문및양해각서체결기존동북아환경협력사업의통합또는구조조정방안마련및구체화동북아시아대기환경보전을위한합의문체결동북아시아월경성영향평가제도도입방안마련동북아시아장거리이동대기오염개선을위한협력체계구성방안구체화동북아시아장거리이동대기오염에관한협약및의정서체결동북아시아대기오염물질배출목록구축방안및신뢰도평가방안마련동북아시아대기오염물질배출목록작성및신뢰도평가, 배출목록의업데이 트미래대기오염물질배출시나리오작성지역특성이반영된배출량의시간할당계수및화학종분화계수개선지상모니터링및위성자료를활용한동북아시아지역의대기환경모니터링 과지역별대기오염물질유입 유출현황추정방안마련지상모니터링및위성자료를활용한동북아시아지역의대기환경모니터링 과지역별대기오염물질유입 유출현황추정지상측정자료및위성자료와의비교를통한모델링결과신뢰도평가방법 론구축모델링범위확대및배출원 - 수용지관계분석을위한지역구분세분화방안 마련다양한지역및배출원별배출원 - 수용지관계분석방안구축 PM 10, PM 2.5, O 3 에대한배출원 - 수용지관계분석동북아시아지역미래대기질개선및보전목표수립, 지역별오염물질배출 저감목표수립 1 단계 2 단계 3 단계 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15-174 -
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일본총무성통계국홈페이지 (http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/chouki/30.htm) - 183 -
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