메타데이터의이해 2014 년 1 학기
메타데이터설계 메타데이터원칙 단순성 Simplicity 모듈화 Modularity 재사용성 Reusability 확장성 Extensibility 상호운용성Interoperability 관리용메타데이터 Administrative metadata 설명메타데이터 기술메타데이터 Technical metadata 이용메타데이터 Use metadata Descriptive metadata 보존메타데이터 Preservation metadata
010 9124851 020 0872878112 (cloth) 020 0872879674 (paper) 040 DLC$cDLC$dDLC 050 00 Z693$b.W94 1991 082 00 025.3$220 100 1 Wynar, Bohdan S. 245 10 Introduction to cataloging and classification /$cbohdan S. Wynar. 250 8th ed. /$barlene G. Taylor. 260 Englewood, Colo. :$blibraries Unlimited,$c1992. 300 xvii, 633 p. :$bill. ;$c24 cm. 440 0 Library science text series 504 Includes bibliographical references (p. 591-599) and index. 650 0 Cataloging. 650 0 Subject cataloging. 650 0 Classification$xBooks. 630 00 Anglo-American cataloguing rules. 700 10 Taylor, Arlene G.,$d1941- 메타데이터설계 1. 단순성 TITLE: Introduction to cataloging and classification CREATOR: Wynar, Bohdan S. CREATOR: Taylor, Arlene G. DATE: 1992 FORMAT: book LANGUAGE: en PUBLISHER: Libraries Unlimited SUBJECT: Cataloging. SUBJECT: subject cataloging. SUBJECT: Classification -- Books DESCRIPTION: 8 th edition TYPE: text.monograph IDENTIFIER: (ISBN) 0872879674 RIGHT: Libraries Unlimited RELATION: Library science text series
메타데이터설계 2. 확장성 allows for extensions to metadata schema so as to accommodate the particular needs of any given application Dublin Core DC-ED elements -- audience Leaning Object Metadata (LOM) ETD-MS -- thesis.degree (*.name,level,discipline,grantor) LOM Category 5 NSDL Elements
메타데이터설계 3. 상호운용성 the ability to exchange and use information without special effort on the part of exchanging partners (1) A number of metadata crosswalks, which relate elements in one standard to their equivalents in another, have been created to support the semantic interoperability across metadata standards. (2) The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) formally issued a recommendation, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification, in 1999. (3) The Open Archives Initiative in the new Century.
메타데이터설계 메타데이터표준과기술수준결정을위한고려사항 : 컬렉션의목적과목표 대상이용자의정보요구와정보추구행동 자료접근의수준 : 장서수준 / 개별아이템수준 이용가능한인적, 기술적자원 객체의복합적인버전, 구현형에대한식별 관련된주제학문분야, 지식영역내에서수용한접근방안
좋은메타데이터기준 커뮤니티존중 : 자료와현재및미래의이용자의이용에적합한방식으로해당커뮤니티의기준따름 상호운용성지원 메타데이터설계 표준화 : 정보기술의일관성및기관간상호협력을위해전거통제및내용표준을사용 사용조건에대한명시 : 디지털정보원의사용상황및사용조건에대한분명히명시 보존 : 컬렉션에포함된정보들의지속적이용과장기보존을지원 품질 : 메타데이터자체가지닌정보로서의가치로인해, 권위, 진본성, 아카이브화가능성, 영속성등자료로서의품질구비필요.
메타데이터설계 메타데이터설계원칙 1 우수한메타데이터는컬렉션내의자료들, 컬렉션의이용자들, 컬렉션의현재와미래의이용에적합한방식으로공동체표준을따른다 컬렉션에가장적합한메타데이터표준을분석하고식별하는것이중요 동일한메타데이터스키마이용 : 컬렉션간의상호운용성증진 두가지이상의메타데이터스키마를활용 : MARC( 컬렉션계층 ), MODS( 개별아이템계층 ) 선정된스키마를위한자체응용프로파일을개발, 이행
메타데이터설계 응용프로파일 (application profiles) - 하나이상의기존메타데이터스키마네임스페이스 (namespace) 에서추출한메타데이터요소들로새롭게구성한메타데이터스키마를뜻함 - 다양한기존메타데이터스키마에서나온메타데이터요소를조합시켜주는역할수행 - 공동체메타데이터표준을선정하면, 그스키마가지역적으로어떻게이행되어야하는지명시하는자세한프로파일을개발하고기록해야함
Application Profiles Schema A Schema B Application Profile Records Schema C Records Illustration of an application profile consisting of metadata terms (elements and element refinements) drawn from one or more namespaces (element sets).
메타데이터설계 응용프로파일예 Australia Government Locator Service Manual http://www.egov.vic.gov.au/pdfs/aglsmanual.pdf Title Identifier Creator Date Publisher Contributor Language Subject Description Type Format Coverage Source Relation Rights Availability Function Audience Mandate
http://avel.library.uq.edu.au/technical.html
메타데이터설계원칙 2 메타데이터설계 우수한메타데이터는상호운용성을지원한다 폭넓은네트워크환경에서도일관성이있고유효할수있도록, 메타데이터가객체에관련된모든정보를포함해야함 - 표준메타데이터스킴이용 - 하나의스킴에서다른스킴으로요소를매핑 - 메타데이터레지스트리
메타데이터레지스트리 메타데이터설계 - 메타데이터스킴의데이터요소의정의, 식별, 이용을위한표준화된정보를제공 - 조직내일관성있게메타데이터스킴을일관성있게적용하고, 다른공통체가재이용하며, 이용자뿐아니라컴퓨터 application 이해석할수있도록보증 - 일관성있는정의, 해석, 데이터요소의이용을제공
메타데이터레지스트리예 Cross-domain and cross-schema registries, e.g., UKOLN s SCHEMAS Registry CORES Registry JISC IE Metadata Schema Registry (IEMSR) Domain-specific, cross-schema registries, e.g., UKOLN s MEG (Metadata for Education Group) Registry Australian Institute of Health and Welfare - Metadata Online Registry (METeOR) Project-specific registries, e.g. The European Library (TEL) metadata registry, whose purpose is recording all metadata activities associated with TEL Standard-specific registries e.g., DCMI Metadata Registry 메타데이터설계
http://www.cores-eu.net/registry/
DCMI Open Metadata Registry http://dcmi.kc.tsukuba.ac.jp/dcregistry/navigateservlet
Properties from different namespaces http://dcmi.kc.tsukuba.ac.jp/dcregistry/navigateservlet
메타데이터설계 메타데이터설계원칙 3 우수한메타데이터는객체를기술하고관련된객체를연결하기위해전거제어와내용표준을사용한다 선택된메타데이터스킴, 기술되는컬렉션의특성, 기관의기술 / 인적자원, 이용자등을고려하여선정 - 이용자대상이누구인가? - 어휘사용을지원하기위한도구 ( 시소러스등 ) 이있는가? 검색시스템과통합이가능한가? - 누가어휘를유지하고어떤방법으로갱신할것인가?
메타데이터설계 메타데이터설계원칙 4 우수한메타데이터는디지털객체의이용조건과기간에대한명확한설명을포함한다 권한메타데이터 (right metadata) 권한기술 (right description): 저작권현황, 자원을이용할때권한보유자의요구조건, 자원의이용을허락받기위한이용자속성, 자원이용을위한양자의동의를포함 권한허가 (right licensing): 라이선스정보의개발과교환에중점 권한워크플로 (right workflow): 권한보유자와이용자사이의권한거래를지원
메타데이터설계원칙 5 메타데이터설계 우수한메타데이터는컬렉션내객체의장기적인제공과보존을지원한다 관리메타데이터 : 객체의생산시기, 방법, 접근제한혹은콘텐츠보존에대한책임자, 객체와관련된처리활동의이력, 접근및이용에대한제한적용에대한정보를포함 - 기술 (technology) 메타데이터 : 객체의지속적인이용을보장하고객체가손상되었을때복구지원 - 보존메타데이터 : 디지털객체의장기간유지를지원
메타데이터설계원칙 6 메타데이터설계 우수한메타데이터레코드는그자체가객체이므로우수한객체의질적특성인권위성, 진본성, 보존성, 영속성, 유일식별성등을포함해야만한다 이용자가메타데이터의정확성을평가할수있도록메타데이터가어떻게생성되었고어떤표준, 어휘를사용되었는지를포함하는충분한정보를제공 Spoofing, spamming 과같은문제를예방할수있도록
메타데이터설계 표준과설계방향 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) formally issued a recommendation, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification, in 1999. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard)
메타데이터설계 RDF (Resource Description Framework) 웹자원을기술하기위한데이터표준모델 메타데이터간의효율적인교환및상호운용을목적으로 XML 기반으로하여각기다른스키마간에도데이터합병이가능 어의, 구문, 구조에대한공통적인규칙을지원하는기법을통해웹상의데이터를기계가이해하여정보교환을할수있도록 W3C 에서제안
RDF 메타데이터설계 인터넷상에서메타데이터를분배, 교환하기위한프레임워크 각각의자원들은 URI 를통해고유식별자를가짐 자원을기술하는속성명또한고유한 URI 를통해 XML Namespace 에정의되어진속성을사용함으로써상호간의미충돌방지 RDF 의 Triple 구조 자원 ( 주어부 )- 속성 ( 서술부 )- 속성값 ( 목적부 ) 을하나의기본단위로취급 주어 (Resource) URI Blank Node 술어 (Property, Relation) URI 목적어 (Resource, Literal) URI Literal
RDF 의 Triple 구조 1 Statement 메타데이터설계 Ora Lassila is the creator of the resource http://www.w3.org/home/ Lassila 주어 Subject (Resource) 술어 Predicate (Property) 목적어 Object (Literal) http://www.w3org/home/lassila Creator Ora Lassila http://www.w3.org/home/lassila Creator Ora Lassila
메타데이터설계 RDF 의 Triple 구조 2 The individual referred to by employee id 85740 is named Ora Lassila and has the email address lassila@w3.org. The resource http://www.w3org/home/lassila was created by this individual http://www.w3.org/home/lassila Creator http://www.w3.org/staffid/85740 Name Email Ora Lassila lassila@w3.org
RDF Syntax 메타데이터설계 The individual referred to by employee id 85740 is named Ora Lassila and has the email address lassila@w3.org. The resource http://www.w3org/home/lassila was created by this individual <rdf:rdf> <rdf:description about=http://www.w3.org/home/lassila> <s:creator> <rdf:description about=http://www.w3.org/staffid/85740 > <v:name>ora Lassilar</v:Name> <v:email>lassila@w3.org</v:email> </rdf:description> </s:creator> </rdf:description> </rdf:rdf>
RDF RDF 의 Triple 구조 XML 형식
RDF Schema RDF RDF 를기반으로하여, 기술대상이되는자원이어떠한클래스에속하며그자원을기술하는데필요한속성에대한정의를가능케하는스키마언어 사람이이해하는동시에, 기계처리가가능한형태로메타데이터의속성과클래스간의관계의표현이가능하게됨 각자원이 URI 로고유의식별자를가짐 자원을기술하는속성명이고유한 URI 로표현되어일정네임스페이스에서정의된속성을사용하므로의미충돌없이구분됨 속성의값으로다른 URI 가지칭될수있고속성의값으로지정된자원은기술대상이되며따라서그자원에대한속성과속성의값을새로이지정할수있음
메타데이터설계 An example Title: Converging Patterns of Overlapping Metadata Standards and Metadata Interoperability Creator: Marcia Lei Zeng Email: mzeng@kent.edu Affiliation: Kent State University Subject: Metadata interoperability Date: May 29, 2001 Format: text/html Language: English Note: SLA proposal
(cont.) An example <?xml version= 1.0?> <rdf: RDF Record in XML/RDF xmlns:rdf= http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# xmlns:dc= http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.0 xmlns:card = http://person.org/businesscard/ > <rdf:description rdf:href = http://www.sla.org/research/proposals/2001/zeng.html > <dc:creator rdf:href= zeng /> <dc:title> Converging Patterns of Overlapping Metadata Standards and Metadata Interoperability </dc:title> <dc:subject> metadata interoperability </dc:subject> <dc:date>2001-05-29</dc:date> <dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dc:language>en</dc:language> <dc:description> SLA Proposal</dc:description> </rdf:description> <rdf:description ID= zeng > <card:name>marcia Lei Zeng </card:name> <card:email>mzeng@kent.edu </card:email> <card:affiliation>kent State University </card:affiliation> </rdf:description> </rdf:rdf>
메타데이터설계 Open Archives Initiative (OAI) -- provides an application-independent interoperability framework based on metadata harvesting. Two classes of participants: Data Providers administer systems that support the OAI- PMH as a means of exposing metadata; and Service Providers use metadata harvested via the OAI- PMH as a basis for building value-added services. The protocol mandate a common metadata format: unqualified Dublin Core. http://www.openarchives.org/oai/2.0/openarchivesprotocol.ht m
Before harvesting: each has a different metadata structure e-print FTXT OPAC A&I image
Open Archives Initiative (OAI) metadata e-print FTXT OPAC A&I image
Open Archives Initiative (OAI) (cont.) metadata e-print FTXT Author Title Abstract Identifer OPAC A&I image
메타데이터설계 An example: NSDL Metadata Repository NSDL: National Science Digital Library The comprehensive source for science, technology, engineering and mathematics education. Funded by the National Science Foundation. 119 funded projects (2000-2002) http://www.nsdl.org
All NSDL Collections and Services 119 projects have been funded, including:.collections.services.targeted research.core integration Source: NSDL: Core Integration, Technical Overview, 2001
Users Portals user profiles Search & Discovery Access Management OAI Protocol Metadata Repository FTP xfer automatic gathering Advanced Discovery Collection Collection Collection Collections Source: NSDL: Core Integration, Technical Overview, 2001
참고자료 노영희.(2013). 메타데이터개론. 서울조은글터. 최석두, 한상길. (2011). 지식자원의메타데이터. 파주 : 한울. Caplan, P. (2003). 메타데이터의이해. 오동근역. 대구 : 태일사. Gartner, R. 2008. Metadata for digital libraries: State of the art and future directions. JISC. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw_0801pdf.pdf Lancaster, E.W. (2003). Indexing and Abstracting in Theory and Practice. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois. Zeng, M. & Quin, J. (2008), Metadata. New York: Neal-Schuman. VRA Core http://www.vraweb.org/vracore3.html http://www.vraweb.org/resources/datastandards/vracore3/index.html http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/index.html CDWA http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/standards/cdwa/index.html http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/desire/overview/rev_03.htm\