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Study Population Independent Variables Socio-demographic factors Dependent Variable Single -person Households l Predisposing factors : Sex, Age, Marital status, Education l Enabling factors : Geographic region, Residence, Income, Occupation, Public health insurance type, Private health insurance type l Survey years Unmet Health behavioral factors l Health practice factors : Drinking, Smoking, Physical activity l Physical function & health status factors : Chronic disease, Perceived health status l Psychological factors : Stress, Depress, Suicidal ideation Appling sampling survey weight Rao-scott Chi-square test Logistic regression analysis Healthcare needs - 8 -
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1 generation household 2 generations household 3 generations household Description 10: Single-person 11: Material couple(respondent+partner) 12: Material couple+unmarried(brother, sister) 13: Respondent+Unmarried(brother, sister) 14: Material couple+etc relative 15: Respondent+etc relative 19: Etc.-the above exclude all 1 generation households 21: Material couple+children 22: Single father+children 23: Single mother+children 24: Material couple+parents 25: Material couple+single parent 26: Material couple+son daughter+brother sister of couple 27: Grandparents+grandchildren 28: Single grandparent+grandchildren 29: Etc.-the above exclude all 2 generation households 31: Material couple+children+parents 32: Material couple+children+single parent 39: Etc.-the above exclude all 3 generation households - 10 -
Health Interview Survey of KNHANES Ⅳ Ⅴ(2007-2012) Respondents N=50,405 Age<19 years (N=12,400 excluded) Age 19 years N=38,005 Multi-person households (N=35,526 excluded) Single-person households N=2,479 Missing data (N=89 excluded, 3.6%) Single-person households N=2,390-11 -
Description Unmet healthcare need over the last 1 year Measuring 1; Unmet healthcare needs 1-1; Economic reasons 1-2; Difficult to book in hospital 1-3; Go inconvenient transportation to the hospital 1-4; The hospital doesn't open at the time that I go 1-5, Didn't want to wait long in the hospital 1-6; Symptom lighter 0; Otherwise - 12 -
Single-person households N=2,390 Unmet healthcare need N=723 (25.3%) Otherwise N=1,667 (74.7%) - 13 -
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Variables Socio-demographic factors Group Sex 1. Male (Ref.) 2. Female Age Marital status Education Geographic region Residence Household monthly income * (10,000 KRW) Occupation Public health insurance type Private health insurance type Survey year 1. 19-29 (Ref.) 2. 30-39 3. 40-49 1. Never married (Ref.) 2. Bereaved 1. Elementary school (Ref.) 2. Middle school 1. Seoul (Ref.) 2. Gyungki/Incheon 3. Gangwon 4. Chungcheong 5. Gyungsang 6. Jeolla/Jeju 1. Metro urban (Ref.) 2. Non-metro urban 1. 30 (Ref.) 2. 31-49 1. No job (Ref.) 2. Blue collar job 1. NHI (Ref.) 2. Medicaid, others 1. No (Ref.) 2. Yes 1. 2007 (Ref.) 2. 2008 3. 2009 4. 50-59 5. 60-69 6. 70 3. Divorced 4. Separated 3. High school 4. College 3. Rural 3. 50-100 4. 101 3. White collar job 3. No answer 3. No answer 4. 2010 5. 2011 6. 2012-21 -
Variables Group Health behavior factors Drinking Smoking 1. Never (Ref.) 2. Low risk 1. Non-smoker (Ref.) 2. Ex-smoker 3. Medium risk 4. High risk 3. Smoker Physical activity 1. No (Ref.) 2. Yes Chronic disease 1. No (Ref.) 2. Yes Perceived health status 1. Good (Ref.) 3. Poor 2. Normal Stress 1. Few (Ref.) 3. Often 2. A few 4. Very often Depression 1. No (Ref.) 2. Yes Suicidal ideation 1. No (Ref.) 2. Yes - 22 -
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Variables N (%) Sex Age Marital status Education Geographic region Residence Male Female 19-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 Never married Bereaved Divorced Separated Elementary school Middle school High school College Seoul Gyungki/Incheon Gangwon Chungcheong Gyungsang Jeolla/Jeju Metro urban Non-metro urban Rural 624(41.3) 1,766(58.7) 228(20.3) 167(13.6) 126(8.5) 243(11.6) 542(14.2) 1,084(31.8) 475(38.1) 1,502(42.7) 311(14.9) 102(4.3) 1,494(44.0) 202(7.7) 409(28.3) 285(20.0) 373(20.0) 498(23.8) 132(6.5) 276(9.2) 725(28.3) 386(12.2) 937(43.8) 709(33.5) 744(22.7) - 27 -
Variables N (%) Household monthly income * (10,000 KRW) 30 31-49 50-100 101 793(25.9) 432(14.6) 639(25.3) 526(34.2) Occupation No job Blue collar job White collar job 1,407(50.7) 585(23.5) 398(25.8) NHI 1,994(85.9) Public health insurance Medicaid, others 350(12.0) type No answer 46(2.1) No 1,475(51.9) Private health insurance Yes 874(45.7) type No answer 41(2.4) 2007 2008 187(12.6) 494(17.2) Survey year 2009 526(16.7) 2010 353(15.9) 2011 2012 390(16.6) 440(21.0) - 28 -
Variables N (%) Never 1,123(35.3) Drinking low risk 621(24.1) Medium risk 236(12.1) High risk 410(28.5) Smoking Non-smoker Ex-smoker Smoker 1,602(56.6) 307(13.4) 481(30.0) Physical activity No 2,150(90.7) Yes 240(9.3) Chronic disease No 880(50.3) Yes 1,510(49.7) Perceived health status Good Normal Poor 672(31.9) 763(35.4) 955(32.7) Few 108(4.7) Stress A few 511(22.5) Often 1,089(48.7) Very often 682(24.1) Depression No 1,834(79.0) Yes 556(21.0) Suicidal ideation No 1,706(74.7) Yes 684(25.3) - 29 -
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Variables Unmet healthcare need(n=723) Otherwise (n=1,667) Sex Age Marital status Education Geographic region Residence Male Female 19-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 Never married Bereaved Divorced Separated Elementary school Middle school High school College Seoul Gyungki/Incheon Gangwon Chungcheong Gyungsang Jeolla, Jeju Metro urban Non-metro urban Rural 135(22.3) 588(32.5) 50(20.4) 46(27.5) 34(24.2) 68(29.8) 170(31.2) 355(32.9) 120(24.2) 478(31.5) 103(31.5) 22(21.4) 512(34.0) 51(26.5) 98(24.9) 62(21.1) 93(24.9) 113(24.0) 31(16.9) 105(33.6) 233(31.7) 148(36.1) 259(27.5) 204(26.4) 260(32.6) 489(77.7) 1,178(67.5) 178(79.6) 121(72.5) 92(75.7) 175(70.2) 372(68.8) 729(67.1) 355(75.8) 897(68.5) 189(68.5) 75(78.6) 982(66.0) 151(73.5) 311(75.1) 223(78.9) 280(75.1) 385(76.0) 101(83.1) 171(66.4) 492(68.3) 238(63.9) 678(72.5) 505(73.6) 484(67.4) <0.001 0.014 0.019 <0.001 <0.001 0.154-32 -
Variables Unmet healthcare need(n=723) Otherwise (n=1,667) p Household monthly income (10,000 KRW) 30 31-49 50-100 101 292(34.5) 148(33.9) 151(22.1) 132(25.7) 501(65.5) 284(66.1) 488(77.9) 394(74.3) <0.001 Occupation Public health insurance type Private health insurance type No job Blue collar job White collar job NHI Medicaid, others No answer No Yes No answer 437(30.1) 178(26.7) 108(26.2) 579(27.3) 131(35.9) 13(23.9) 473(30.0) 243(26.9) 7(18.5) 970(69.9) 407(73.3) 290(73.8) 1,415(72.6) 219(64.1) 33(76.1) 1,002(70.0) 631(73.1) 34(81.5) 0.323 0.041 0.238 Survey year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 55(28.6) 162(29.1) 171(29.8) 109(29.8) 110(24.8) 116(27.8) 132(71.4) 332(70.9) 355(70.2) 244(70.2) 280(75.2) 324(72.2) 0.881-33 -
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Variables Unmet healthcare need(n=723) Otherwise (n=1667) p Drinking Smoking Physical activity Chronic disease Never low risk Medium risk High risk Non-smoker Ex-smoker Smoker No Yes No Yes 369(33.2) 181(27.4) 64(23.0) 109(25.1) 517(31.6) 80(26.1) 126(23.1) 634(27.7) 89(34.2) 233(23.1) 500(33.5) 754(66.8) 440(72.6) 172(77.0) 301(74.9) 1,085(68.4) 227(73.9) 355(76.9) 1,516(72.3) 151(65.8) 657(76.9) 1,010(66.5) 0.014 0.010 0.156 <0.001 Perceived health status Stress Depression Good Normal Poor Few A few Often Very often No Yes 140(19.2) 182(24.1) 401(41.7) 157(21.1) 306(25.7) 207(38.0) 53(45.7) 470(23.9) 253(44.6) 532(80.8) 581(75.9) 554(58.3) 525(78.9) 783(74.3) 304(62.0) 55(54.3) 1,364(76.1) 303(55.4) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Suicidal ideation No Yes 409(22.6) 314(45.1) 1,297(77.4) 370(54.9) <0.001-35 -
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Variables Socio-demographic factors Male Sex Female 19-29 30-39 40-49 Age 50-59 60-69 70 Never married Bereaved Marital status Divorced Separated Elementary school Middle school Education High school College Seoul Gyungki/Incheon Geographic Gangwon region Chungcheong Kyungsang Joella/Jeju Metro urban Residence Non-metro urban Rural 30 Household 31-49 monthly income 50-100 (10,000 KRW) 101 NHI Public health Medicaid, others insurance type No answer Model 1 Model 2 OR 95% CI OR 95% CI 1.00 1.00 1.65 (1.23-2.22) ** 1.20 (0.85-1.70) 1.00 1.00 1.58 (0.89-2.80) 1.36 (0.75-2.46) 1.22 (0.63-2.36) 1.12 (0.55-2.29) 1.47 (0.73-2.95) 1.39 (0.66-2.96) 1.63 (0.78-3.39) 1.45 (0.64-3.28) 1.57 (0.77-3.19) 1.32 (0.59-2.95) 1.00 1.00 0.49 (0.29-0.83) ** 0.49 (0.28-0.88) * 0.87 (0.54-1.41) 0.90 (0.53-1.51) 0.50 (0.24-1.06) 0.47 (0.20-1.10) 1.00 1.00 0.72 (0.47-1.11) 0.68 (0.42-1.09) 0.71 (0.41-1.22) 0.85 (0.49-1.45) 0.47 (0.25-0.90) * 0.57 (0.30-1.10) 1.00 1.00 0.84 (0.53-1.33) 0.90 (0.58-1.47) 0.62 (0.31-1.23) 0.67 (0.33-1.37) 1.37 (0.90-2.10) 1.40 (0.91-2.17) 1.20 (0.82-1.77) 1.29 (0.86-1.93) 1.47 (0.91-2.37) 1.59 (0.95-2.65) 1.00 1.00 1.14 (0.80-1.62) 1.14 (0.79-1.65) 1.00 (0.71-1.42) 1.01 (0.71-1.46) 1.00 1.00 0.95 (0.69-1.32) 0.98 (0.69-1.38) 0.61 (0.44-0.84) ** 0.64 (0.46-0.90) ** 1.00 (0.67-1.50) 1.18 (0.78-1.78) 1.00 1.00 1.08 (0.79-1.49) 0.88 (0.62-1.26) 0.70 (0.30-1.63) 0.73 (0.31-1.70) - 39 -
Variables Health behavior factors Never low risk Drinking Medium risk High risk Non-smoker Smoking Ex-smoker Smoker No Chronic disease Yes Good Perceived health Normal status Poor Model 1 Model 2 OR 95% CI OR 95% CI - - 1.00 - - 0.92 (0.67-1.25) - - 0.70 (0.44-1.12) - - 0.94 (0.60-1.48) - - 1.00 - - 0.75 (0.49-1.16) - - 0.67 (0.44-1.01) - - 1.00 - - 1.16 (0.83-1.61) - - 1.00 - - 1.21 (0.87-1.69) - - 1.90 (1.37-2.63) *** Stress Few A few Often Very often - - - - - - - - 1.00 1.36 1.78 2.00 (0.99-1.87) (1.25-2.54) ** (1.06-3.76) ** Depression No Yes - - - - 1.00 1.46 (1.07-1.98) * Suicidal ideation No Yes - - - - 1.00 1.77 (1.32-2.36) *** log likelihood 2,515,642.8 2,364,139.0 c-statistic 0.629 0.697-40 -
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Variables Socio-demographic factors Male Sex Female 40-49 50-59 Age 60-69 70 Elementary school Middle school Education High school College Seoul Gyungki/Incheon Geographic Gangwon region Chungcheong Kyungsang Joella/Jeju Metro urban Residence Non-metro urban Rural 30 Household monthly 31-49 income 50-100 (10,000 KRW) 101 NHI Public health insurance Medicaid, others type No answer N=1,502(%) 148(9.89) 1,354(80.11) 10(1.35) 69(4.58) 408(24.19) 1,015(69.88) 1,289(85.23) 98(6.40) 84(6.25) 31(2.12) 163(12.94) 289(20.92) 74(4.44) 179(10.13) 495(32.42) 302(19.15) 493(34.71) 382(26.00) 627(39.29) 663(44.84) 308(21.00) 410(25.95) 121(8.21) 1,256(82.52) 216(15.51) 30(1.97) Model 2 (Bereaved) OR 95% CI 1.00 3.29 (1.66-6.54) *** 1.00 1.09 (0.18-6.60) 2.07 (0.37-11.60) 1.98 (0.36-10.94) 1.00 0.49 (0.25-0.94) * 1.44 (0.62-3.36) 0.63 (0.14-2.91) 1.00 0.77 (0.45-1.34) 0.59 (0.28-1.24) 1.42 (0.75-2.71) 0.99 (0.60-1.63) 1.46 (0.80-2.65) 1.00 1.36 (0.90-2.04) 1.35 (0.91-2.02) 1.00 0.96 (0.68-1.37) 0.64 (0.43-0.93) * 0.74 (0.37-1.50) 1.00 0.87 (0.59-1.30) 1.25 (0.41-3.84) - 67 -
Variables Health behavior factors Never low risk Drinking Medium risk High risk Non-smoker Smoking Ex-smoker Smoker No Chronic disease Yes Good Perceived health status Normal Poor N=1,502(%) 941(63.53) 415(25.94) 91(6.36) 55(3.92) 1,209(79.03) 158(11.63) 135(9.34) 321(20.72) 1,181(79.28) 373(25.15) 419(28.09) 710(46.75) Model 2 (Bereaved) OR 95% CI 1.00 0.91 0.92 1.59 1.00 0.84 1.48 1.00 (0.65-1.26) (0.51-1.64) (0.79-3.21) (0.52-1.35) (0.88-2.48) 0.97 (0.70-1.35) 1.00 1.14 1.54 (0.75-1.73) (1.04-2.29) * Stress Depression Suicidal ideation Few A few Often Very often 532(36.09) 624(40.33) 286(19.92) 60(3.66) 1.00 1.27 1.61 1.87 (0.91-1.77) (1.05-2.46) * (0.92-3.79) No 1,130(74.31) 1.00 Yes 372(25.69) 1.70 (1.20-2.40) ** No 1.022(66.67) 1.00 Yes 480(33.33) 2.09 (1.53-2.86) *** log likelihood 1,026,645.9 c-statistic 0.708-68 -
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