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1 J. of Aquaculture Vol. 19(4) : , 2006 µ Journal of Aquaculture Korean Aquaculture Society s ½, «1, x 2 * w ûw, 1 w š w, 2 w w Distribution of Bivalve Larvae in Deukryang Bay Chul Won Kim, Seung Bai Kwon 1 and Sung Bum Hur 2 * South Sea Fisheries Research Institute., NFRDI, Yosu , Korea 1 Goheung Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Yosu regional Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office, Goheung , Korea 2 Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National university, Pusan , Korea Larval distribution of bivalve from 29 stations in Deukryang Bay was examined from May to November in The abundance of total larvae increased from May (,76 inds/m ) and reached maximum in August (174,616 inds/m ). But it decreased continuously until November (2,171 inds/m ). D-shape, early umbone and advanced umbone stage larvae composed of 76%, 18% and 6%, respectively, of total bivalve larvae. Nine larval species of bivalve were identified in this study. The mean abundance of Scapharca subcrenata larvae was 14,00 inds/m, which was.5% of total identified larvae. S. broughtonii (16.2%), Crassostrea gigas (12.5%), Mytilus edulis (10.2%) were also major species in order of their abundance. Considering the monthly larval occurrence in Deukryang Bay, main spawning month of bivalves except M. edulis and M. senhausia was estimated as July. Even though the spatial distribution of bivalve larvae in Deukryang Bay was different by the species, the larvae were generally abundant in the inner and west area of the bay, where was shallower and higher water temperature than the entrance and east area of the bay. Keywords: Bivalve larvae, Deukryang Bay, Larval distribution ûw ewš 70 km 2 š, ƒ ewš. ¾ ¼ 50 km, s 4.6~11 km xk s. w 5 m w ¾ š 20 m (Kong and Lee, 1994). w j, v, š w w wš. ù y w k y s š. w w w w y d s(kim et al., 1995), œ s p (Yang et al., 1995), w p (Lee et al., 1995), n p (Kong and Lee, 1994), n l sƒ(kim and Park, 1998). *Corresponding author: hurs@pknu.ac.kr 288 w d v jm œ s p (Yoon and Kim, 200), v jm s(han et al., 1995), s(ma et al., 1995), œ s(shin and Kim, 2002), v (Choe, 1974), s(kim and Hur, 1998) w. ù w s w e s w w. p, ù w š, s w q, w. x s w œ s p q wš w l 11 w ¾ z( w ) w. 29 w 20 µm v jm (ø0 cm)
2 Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling stations for the bivalve larvae in Deukryang Bay. w d l w (Fig. 1). d l (m) (0.15 π) w 2 w z 1 m x w. 1% s š g e w z w x w (D, ƒ», ) 1 m w.» j» xk w. j» ƒ 70~120 µm D, 120~200 µm ƒ», 200 µm w. xk ƒ D ƒ» w ƒ ƒ» w. ƒ 100 µl w Sedwick-Rafter chamber w z 1 m y w. s 289 ƒ» w x w xk w w. š v w w» ù š w v w (Yoshida, 1964; Yoo, 2000). (Hur et al., 2005), (Won, 1994; Hur et al., 2005), ƒ (Choi and Song, 197; Hur et al., 2005), e(yoo et al., 1970; Hur et al., 2005),, j (Yoshida, 1964)» x š j» š ƒ» w. ƒ td d w, š d w s³ w (Kim and Hur, 1998). td s 5 ~11 ¾ td 1.5~28.9 o C. 5 s³ 17. o C w C še o ùkþ. z w w o C.» o C s o C, 5, 10, o C w s. 5 l 8 ¾ l w š, ü 7~8 5~6 w f. 9~10 ³ w s ù, 11 ü ¾ s³ 2.8~.7 j y š 6.7 ƒ š ƒ û. s 5 ~11 xw 1m s³,76 (5 )~174,616 (8 ) j (Table 1). 5 l Table 1. Monthly mean number (inds./m ) of the D-shape, umbone and advanced umbone larvae of bivalve in Deukryang Bay in 1995 Month D-shape Umbone Advanced umbone Total May 2,500 1, ,76 Jun. 12,546 1, ,75 Jul. 7,519 5, ,999 Aug. 142,202 22,260 10, ,616 Sep. 9,504 8, ,009 Oct. 4,294 2, ,688 Nov. 2,171 1, ,492 Total 180,76 44,210 1,47 28,29
3 290 ½, «, x Fig. 2. Monthly distribution of density (inds./m³) of D-shape larvae in Deukyang Bay ( : <1,000, : <5,000, : <10,000, : <50,000, : <100,000, : <500,000, : 500,000<). ƒw 8 še z 11 ¾ w. 6 14,75 /m 7 š 9 l w 11 4,492 /m. D 5 2,500 /m ù 6 12,546 /m j ƒw. 7 (7,519 /m ) 6 w j w ù 8 142,202 /m ƒ xw š z w 11 2,171 /m ƒ. ƒ» s w D w. ù ƒ» 6 7. x D ƒ š ƒ. ƒ s Fig. 2,, 4. D s(fig. 2) 5 w B1 B2 ƒƒ 1,477 /m 8,704 /m ùk û ù 5,000 /m w x. 6 D ƒw
4 s 291 Fig.. Monthly distribution of density (inds./m³) of umbone larvae in Deukryang Bay ( : <500, : <1,000, : <2,500, : <5,000, : <10,000, : <50,000, : 50,000<). w S1 (188,45 /m ), C2 (50,897 /m ) N1 (0,020 /m ) xw. ù B-line x B4 (1,925 /m ) ƒ xw. 7 6 w w ù N1 (54,781 /m ) ƒ xw, ƒ G1 (45,977 /m ), G2 (7,854 /m ) G (2,079 /m ) xw. ù xw.» ƒ D xw 8 C-line l ¾ x ƒ G1 (648,65 / m ) G2 (544,927 /m ) ƒ x. 9 8 w D x w ƒ G1 (10,919 /m ), G2 (14,870 /m ) G (12,97 /m ) wš
5 292 ½, «, x Fig. 4. Monthly distribution of density (inds./m³) of advanced umbone larvae in Deukryang Bay ( : <100, : <500, : <1,000, : <10,000, : <50,000, : 50,000<). x. 10 û š swš G1 (7,141 /m ) x. 11» D x ƒ ùkù. ƒ» s Fig.. 5 û ³ w swš E1 (562 /m ) ƒ û x. 6 5 w x ƒw S1 (84,84 /m ) ƒ x š C2 (25,959 /m ) ƒ G (20,796 /m ) x. ù B4 (695 /m ) ƒ xw. 7 6 w w ù G2 (69,479 /m ), G1 (8,68 /m ) N1 (4,286 /m ) xw. ù w
6 C5 (81 /m ) A4 (66 /m ) xw. ƒ ƒ» xw 8 w C1 S1 1m ƒƒ 108,471, 100,266 w û w x ùkû. 9 û sw š C5 (2,54 /m ) xw x ùkû G1 (5,700 /m ) x. ƒ» ƒ xw 11 G1 (4,115 /m ) w ùkû. s Fig û xw. 6 ³ w sw w S1 (12,547 /m ) ƒ xw. 7 w w x ƒ w G1 (10,948 /m ), G2 (26,658 /m ) G (1,16 /m ) xw. ƒ xw 8 7 w w w x, C1 (50,691 /m ) ƒ w w 9 S1 (19,15 /m ), 10 G1 (6,525 /m ) ùkû ù û x. 11 û xw ù w ùkû. xw s(fig. 5) 5 û sw ùkû. 6 swš, w x. ù ƒ x S1 (12,547 /m ). 7 ƒ p G2 (1,92 /m ) ƒ xw. w û s w ¾ w w x ùkû. 8 ƒ xw» C-line» sw ƒ G1 (745,240 /m ) G2 (677,85 /m ) ƒ xw. ù A-line B-line x. 9 x 8 w w xw S1 (24,19 /m ) ƒ xw w w ù 9 w x š, G1 (19,66 //m ) s 29 ƒ xw. 11 û xw G1 (7,698 /m ) ƒ xw. x w ƒ w v (Scapharca broughtonii), š (Scapharca subcrenata), (Fulvia mutica), (Ruditapes philippinarum), ƒ (Cyclina sinensis), (Crassostrea gigas), (Ostrea denselamellosa), e(mytilius edulis) (Musculus senhausia) m³ x 41,948 /m ƒ» s³ x (57,557 /m ) 72.8% w (Table 2). 1m x r 5 e ƒ ƒ 40 /m, 184 /m. 6 š ƒ ƒ 682 /m, 512 /m ƒ. x ƒw» w 7 š (2,00 /m ) 4% w 1,007 /m x. ƒ xw 8 š (9,157 /m ) 47% w. 9 e w 8 w x x w w. 9 x š (1,648 /m ) v (1,649 /m ) ù 8 w û š v w s f. ù e ƒƒ 1,507 /m 1,592 /m» ƒ x w w ù e x ƒ ƒ 50.6% 65.8% w.» x š (.5%), v (16.2%), (12.5%) ƒ 62% w. œ s Fig. 6. x ƒ š w E-line û x. p ƒ G2 (48,176 / m ) w ew N1 (42,998 /m ) ùkû. ù û x. v s w š w. ù ƒ x w G1 (29,98 /m ) F (24,28 /m ) ¾ w x ùkû. š ù v N1 (12,288 /m ) x
7 294 ½, «, x Fig. 5. Monthly distribution of density (inds./m³) of total larvae in Deukryang Bay ( : <1,000, : <5,000, : <10,000, : <100,000, : <500,000, : 500,000<). Table 2. Monthly mean number (inds./m ) of the dominant bivalve larvae in Deukryang Bay from May to November in 1995 Month Species Ss Sb Fm Cg Od Rp Cs Me Ms May Jun ,2 Jul. 2, , ,981 Aug. 9,157,425 1,29 2, ,55 Sep. 1,648 1, ,507 1,592 7,291 Oct ,410 Nov ,00 2,405 Total 14,00 6,792 2,57 5,224 1,651 2, ,289 4,618 41,948 Ss: Scapharca subcrenata, Sb: Scapharca broughtonii, Fm: Fulvia mutica, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, Od: Ostrea denselamellosa, Rp: Rudutapes philippinarum, Cs: Cyclina sienesis, Me: Mytilus edulis, Ms: Musculus senhausia. Total
8 s 295 Fig. 6. Mean distribution of larval density (inds./m³) of nine bivalve species in Deukryang Bay from May to November 1995 ( : <500, : <1,000, : <5,000, : <10,000, : <20,000, : <50,000, : 50,000<). G1 (9,147 /m ) G2 (7,79 /m ) x. ù w x. ƒ w G2 (29,61 /m ) G1 (2,466 /m ) xw B4 B 1,000 /m w û x. x w û x. w w C5 (9,554 /m ) S1 (6,420 /m ) x. w w w x. ƒ w ƒ x w C5 (7,066 /m ) ƒ x ù û x. ûš ü x
9 296 ½, «, x š G2 (9,889 /m ) ƒ xw. e ƒ w G2 (15,002 /m ) C1 (12,7 /m ) xw ù ³ w sw. C1 (14,421 /m ) G1 (12,96 /m ) x. š p,, ù (Boolootian et al., 1962), ù w ƒ e wš ¾ ù (Yoo et al., 1970). x» 6~9, p 8 ƒ xw,» 7 w 8 w ¾ q.»ƒ 7 8 w šw Kim and Park (1996) ew. x ƒ 8 s³ 25 o C š š j w». D ƒ» x 9 ~11 w w e w š» w. x. 5 6 x w. 9~10 e x ƒ» w eƒ 9~10 w Park and Lim (1995) ew. ù e»ƒ p w x. 6 8 ¾ x ƒ 9 z. ûw»ƒ 6~7 9 2z (Chang and Lee, 1982) š. w v s 8~9 š 7~8 w w, v»ƒ š w. p w w ù, v 10 m ¾ w» w š w» ƒ. ƒ 7 l x ƒw» w 8 š x 10 ¾ x w x» ¼. ƒ» ¼» ƒ (Choi and Song, 197; Won, 1994). w» t» ƒw. Tsutsumi and Sekiguchi (1996)ƒ xw» 5, 9 12 š šw 5 7 ¾ xw š 8 l 11 ¾ x. x»ƒ j q.» ¾ w 2 ~6 w (Yoo, 2000) ƒ x» 1». e w 7». ù»» w yw» q w w. x 9 š v ƒ. (Kim and Hur, 1998) šw, š, v,, ew.,, ƒ w» w w. š ƒ xw š» q, v wš x v š ù w» ƒ. j, x w s p q w. Kim and Park (1996) j w ƒ š w w» w. š ƒ xw š j š šw x ew. ƒ w (Miyawaki and Sekiguchi, 1999; Ishii et al., 2001). w w s w ƒ w w. s p w w š, ¾ w û ùkû
10 , s³ 2.8~.7 Kim et al. (1995) Kim and Hur (1998) w. s x j. y» sƒ» w w. wr œ s ù w (Quayle, 1964; Sekiguchi, 1997; Kasuya et al., 2004). ¾ w ƒ ¾ w û w mw ûw ƒ ùƒ x (Lee et al., 1995). s w w p w q. 6 ³ w s t»k» w ƒ x ƒ. p S1 x û x p ƒ. Kong and Lee (1994) e š šw ewš. 7 x 6 w w ùkû ù x w w. 8 D x ƒ š w w» ƒ.» 8 ƒ x w œ û q» q. œ s. š v C-line xwš, e, š w š. ù, ƒ, sw ùkû. A-line B-line x š w w G-line x š. sƒ,,, y w w (Quayle and Bourne, 1972; Williams, 1978; Ishii et al., 2001). x ƒ 50 cm/sec š(lee et al., 1995), w w ¾š, w w (Kim et al., 1995), (Yang et al, 1995) j v w (RCOID, 1995) û y w š š. ù 5 m w w w» 25 o C, s ww y wš. p ƒ 10 cm/sec w š q. w w ƒ w (Jung et al., 1994) x q. Yang et al. (1995) k š š w ù» t x š. p w k w ƒ d. yw y sƒ ³ q w y w w q. s w» w l 11 ¾ 29 w. x ( /m ) 5 (,76 /m ) l ƒw 8 (174,616 /m ) š z 11 (2,171 /m )¾ w. 5 l 11 ¾ xw 1 m s³ ƒ D 76%, ƒ» 18%, ƒ» 6% w. 5 l 11 ¾ 9 š 14,00 /m.5% w, v (16.2%), (12.5%), (11.0%), e (10.2%). s w e w» 7 q. œ s ù, x š, š w x. w w œw k w w w. š x Boolootian, R. A., A. Farmanharmaian and A. C. Giess, On the reproductive cycle and breeding habits of two western species of Haliotis. Biol. Bull., 122, Choe, K. J., The resources of the ark-shell, Anadara broughtonii in Deukryang Bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 7, Chang, Y. J. and T. Y. Lee, Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the cockle, Fulvia mutica (Reeve). J. Kor. Fish. Soc.,
11 298 ½, «, x 15, Choi, S. S. and Y. K. Song, 197. Studies on the artificial fertilization and development of Cyclina sinensis. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 6, Han, D. H., S. Y. Hong and C. W. Ma, Distribution of zooplankton in Deukrynag Bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28, Hur, Y. B., J. H. Bae and S. B. Hur, Comparison on development and larval growth of four venerid clams. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 6, Ishii, R., H. Sekiguchi, Y. Nakahara and Y., Jinnai, Larval recruitment of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ariake southern Japan. Fish. Sci., 67, Jung, E. J., C. H. Hong, B. G. Lee and K. D. Cho, A numerical study on the circulation in Deukrynag Bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 27, Kasuya, T., M. Hamaguchi and K. Furukawa, Detailed observation of spatial abundance of clam larva Ruditapes philippinarum in Tokyo Bay, central Japan. J. Oceanogr., 60, Kim, C. W. and S. B. Hur, Distribution of the bivalve resources in Deukryang Bay. J. Aquaculture, 11, Kim, D. H. and C. K. Park, Estimation of nutrients released from sediments of Deukryang BayU J. Kor. Environm. Sci. Soc., 7, Kim, D. S. and K. Y. Park, Occurrence and distribution of the bivalve larvae in Deukryang Bay, southern part of Korea. Bull. Inst. Littoral Environm. Mokpo National University, 1, Kim, S. W., K. D. Cho, H. K. Rho, J. C. Lee, S. H. Kim and S. I. Shin, Temperature and salinity distribution in Deukryang Bay in summer of 1992~9. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28, Kong, Y. S. and B. G. Lee, Surface sediment and suspended material in Deukryang Bay. J. Oceanol. Soc. Kor., 29, Lee, J. C., H. K. Rho, K. D. Cho, S. I. Shin, S. W. Kim and S. J. Kim, Tidal current in the western part of Deukryang Bay in summer J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28, 1 6. Ma, C. W., S. Y. Hong and H. S. Lim, Macrobenthic fauna of Deukryang Bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28, Miyawaki, D. and H. Sekiguchi, Interannual variation of bivalve populations on temperate tidal flats. Fish. Sci., 65, Park, K. Y. and H. S. Lim, On the growth of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (Bivalve: Mytilidae) on the hard substrate in the Youngsan River estuarty in Mokpo, Korea. Bull. of Inst. Littoral Environm. Mokpo National University, 12, Quayle, D. B., Distribution of introduced marine mollusca in British Columbia water. J. Fish. Res. Canada, 21, Quayle, D. B. and N. Bourne, The clam fisheries in British Columbia. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, No. 179, 70 pp. RCOID, Oceanographic data Deukryang Bay, 1991~199. Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development. Pukyong National University, Pusan, 278 pp. Sekiguchi, H., A new look of plankton and benthos communities viewed through the supply-side ecology. Bull. Fac. Bioresour. Mie Univer., 17, Shin, H. C. and Y. H. Kim, Spatial distribution of benthic polychaetous communities in Deukryang Bay, southern coast of Korea. J. of Kor. Soc. Oceanogr., 7, Tsutsumi, Y. and H. Sekiguchi, Spatial distribution larval, newly-settled, and benthic stages of bivalves in subtidal area adjacent to tidal flats. Benthos Res., 50, Williams, J. G., The influnce of adults on the settlement of spat of the clam, Tapes japonica. J. Mar. Res., 8, Won, M. S., Seed production and environmental influence on productivity of the shortnecked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. Ph.D. thesis of Pusan National Fisheries University, 220 pp. Yang, H. S., S. S. Kim and G. B. Kim, Spatio-temporal distribution of nutrients in the surface water of Deukryang Bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 28, Yoo, K. S., K. J. Kim and C. K. Lee, Biological studies on the propagation of important bivalves. 4. Growth of the mussel, Mytilus edulis Linne. Bull. Kor. Fish. Soc.,, Yoon, Y. H. and D. G. Kim, 200. On the spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay, South Korea. Kor. J. Environm. Biol., 21, Yoshida, H., Seedling of shellfish. Hokuryu-Kan Co., Ltd. Tokyo, 221 pp. Yoo, S. K., Mariculture, Guduck Publishing, Busan, 69 pp. š : :
1. (Gastropoda), (Prosobranchia), (Mesogastropoda), (Pleuroceridae),,,. 3 7,.,,.,,.,.. (Habe and Itagaki, 1978), (Nakano and Nishiwaki, 1989), (Koike et al., 1992), (Nakano and Izawa, 1996). (S. forticosta)
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