m깅이상훈오 1: 전자선단층활염의관상동맥석회수치와폐쇄성관상동맥질환의상관관계 Beam Tomography, EBT ) 를이용한관상동맥석회수치 ( Coronary Artery Calcium score, CAC) 를검사한 1 88명의성인을대상으로탈륭 -20 1섬근스캔, 운동
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1 대한방사선의학호 IAI1998;39: 전자선단층촬영의관상동맥석회수치와폐쇄성관상동맥질환의상관관계에관한연구 1 이상훈 홍용국 박성일 이향미 최규옥 목적 : 전자선단층촬영기를이용한관상동맥석회수치를측정하여무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환과의연관성을얄아보고무증상관상동맥질환자와확진된폐쇄성관상동맥질환자와의석회수치의차이를알아보고자한다. 대상및방법 : 관상동맥석회수치를검사한 1 88명의성인을대상으로탈륨 -20 1섬근스캔, 운동부하섬전도검사그리고관상동맥조영술을실시한 56명의폐쇄성관상동맥질환여부를알아보았고유증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자, 무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자그리고무증상비폐쇄성인등 3군으로나누어석회수치를알아보았다. 허혈성심장질환을앓았던병력이있거나전형적인흉통이있어서위의 3가지검사를실시하여양성으로판명된환자는유증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자로분류하였고무증상성인중세가지검사중하나이상에서양성으로측정된경우무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자로분류하였고음성으로측정된경우무증상비폐쇄성인으로분류하였다. 결과 : 무증상성인중폐쇄성관상동맥질환이발견된환자는전부 16명이었고이들의석회수치평균이 600 :t 726(7-2832) 이었다. 무증상성인중 21 명이위의검사에서음성을보였고이들의석회수치평균이 293 :t 401 (0-1442) 으로측정되어통계적으로의미있는차이는없었으나일정정도석회수치의차이가있었고 (p = 0.079) 확진된폐쇄성관상동맥질환자의관상동맥석회수치평균은 571 :t 75 1( ) 로서무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자와비슷한분포를보였다 (p)o.l). 그리고총56명의석회수치유무로나누어보았을때폐쇄성관상동맥질환의민감도는 89%, 특이도는 14%, 석회수치를 200으로나누어보았을때민감도는 60%, 특이도는 67% 로측정되었다. 결론 높은관상동맥석회수치가측정될경우폐쇄성관상동맥질환의위험이높다. 따라서이런환자의경우추가검사를실시하여폐쇄성관상동맥질환을조기발견할수있다. 동맥경화증은생활환경의개선과서구화경향그리고노인층의증가로현재우리나라에서증가추세에있으며허혈성심질환에의한사망및이환율도급격히증가추세에있다. 따라서관상동맥질환의여l 방과조기발견으로급성관상동맥증후 (cor onary event) 를줄이는것이중요하다. 그러나기존의위험인자와운동부하검사로는관상동맥질환의위험에처해있는대부분의환자를발견하지못한다. 관상동맥질환은증상이나타나거나스트레스검사에서양성이나올때까지는발견하지못하고운동부하심전도검사나다른검사에서음성으로나온환지들중관상동맥질환을보이는환자들도종종있다 (1). 따라서증상이없는, 발현전의관상동맥질환의발견과예측이중요하다. 이용한관상동맥석회수치 (Coronary Artery Calcium score, CAC) 검사는최근들어관상동맥경화증을발견하는데유용하게쓰이고있으며높은수치가나올경우하나의독립적인위험인자로서평가되기도한다. 특히증상이없는폐쇄성관상동맥질환을발견하는선별검사로서 EBT CAC 검사의유용성이평가되고있는데 (1, 2, 3, 4) 특히고위험군의무증상성인이나새로생긴흉통을가진환자에서선별검사로서의미가있다고한다. 본연구는본병원에서 EBT CAC 검사를실시한사람중에서폐쇄성관상동맥질환여부를알아보고폐쇄성관상동맥질환에있어서무증상질환자와이미확진된환자의석회수치의차이를알아보고자한다. 전자션단층촬영기 (Electron Beam Tomography, EBT) 를 l 연세대학교의과대학진단방사선과학교실이논문은 년도보건의료기솔연구개발사업연구비의일부보조에 의해이루어졌음 - 이논문은 년 l 웰 1 9 일접수하여 년 4 월 2 1 일에채택되었음. % 대상및방법 96 년 1 2 월부터 97 년 5 월까지전자선단층촬영기 (Electron
2 m깅이상훈오 1: 전자선단층활염의관상동맥석회수치와폐쇄성관상동맥질환의상관관계 Beam Tomography, EBT ) 를이용한관상동맥석회수치 ( Coronary Artery Calcium score, CAC) 를검사한 1 88명의성인을대상으로탈륭 -20 1섬근스캔, 운동부하심전도검사그리고관상동맥조영술을실시한 56명의폐쇄성관상동맥질환여부를후향적으로알아보았고유증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자, 무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자그리고무증상비폐쇄성인으로 3군으로나누어석회수치를알아보았다. 허혈성심장질환을앓았던병력이있거나전형적인흉통이있어서위의세가지컴사중하나이상을시행하여양성으로나온환자는유증상성인으로분류하였고이들은 EBT를이용한관상동맥조영술등을시행할때추가로석회수치검사를실시하였거나석회수치를보조검사로이용한환자였으며이 56명중에서관상동맥조영술을실시한사람은 24명, 탈륨 20 1섬근스캔은 22명, 운동부하심전도검사는 29명이었고이들중위의세가지검사중하나이상에서양성으로측정된경우폐쇄성관상동맥질환자로분류하였고음성으로측정된경우무증상비폐쇄성인으로분류하였다. 세군의나이, 성별, CAC, 위험인자, 그리고시챙한검사를조사하였고위험인자는당뇨, 고혈압, 흡연, 비만, 고콜레스테롤혈증, 저 HDL혈증을가지고있는지를조사하였다. 또좌주관상동맥 (l eft main coronary artery), 좌전하행관상동맥, 좌회선관상동맥, 우관상동맥등 4혈관의 CAC를측정하는데각군별석회화동맥의숫자를알아보았다. 관상동맥조영술은 50% 이상의관강협착을기준으로하여폐쇄성관상동맥질환의유무를판별하였고 T I -20 1심근스캔은운동흑은약물부하검사를하여재분포에상관없이결손부위가있는경우폐쇄성질환으로분류하였고운동부하심전도검사는 Bruce and Hornsten pr otoco l을사용하여 ST분절이 1mm (O.l mv) 이상의침하를보이는경우를양성으로판정하였다. 16 명의무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자의석회수치와검사에 서음성을보인 21 명의무증상성인의석회수치비교, 그리고 19 명의유증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자의석회수치비교는 Wilc oxon Rank Sum Test(SAS software system ) 로통계처리하 였다. EBT 석회검사는 512 x 512 matrix size, 26cm Field of Vi ew, 100msec exposure time, 연속적인 3mm 두께절편으로심 1000 log (CAC+1) group [ 렐딩 Fig. 1. Total CAC in each group CAC : Coronary Artery Calcium score Group 1: symptomatic coronary artery obstructive disease (CAOD) Group 2: asymptomatic CAOD Group 3: asymptomatic no CAOD 3 Table 1. Comparison of Data between 3 Groups Number CAC Group ::t 751 (0-2662) No. of calcified vessel 2.3 Age 63(51-81) male : female 12 : 7 Risk factor(mean No.) 1.9 D.M. 7 Hypertension 11 Smoking 6 Obesity 4 Hypercholesterolemia 5 Low HDL 5 Cαonfo 야rmative study(positive/total number) Angiography 15 /15 TI-201 4/5 Treadmill test 5/6 7/7 5/8 8/9 Group ::t 726 (7-2832) (56-75) 11 : l 5 5 Group 1 : symptomatic coronary artery obstructive disease (CAOD) Group 2: asymptomatic CAOD Group 3: asymptomatic no CAOD 꼈W Group ::t 401 (0-1442) (37-78) 13: /2 0/9 0/1 4 TotaJ ::t 638 (0-2832) 2. 4 (37-81) 36 : η@깅
3 대한방사선의학회지 1998; 39: A B Fig. 2. Asymptomatic coronary artery obstructive disease. 66 year-old male patient shows 3 calcified arteries(a), left main(thin white arrow), left anterior descending(lad, hick white arrow}, and left circumflex artery(arrow head) and total calcium score was 605. Coronary artery angiography(b) was demonstrated 60 % narrowing of mid-lad(black arrow). 결 과 Fig. 3. Asymptomatic, no coronary artery obstructive disease case. 70 year-old woman shows 3 calcified arteries, left anterior descending(white arrow}, left circumflex (arrow head), and right coronary artery and total calcium score was 722. Thallium 201 scan shows negative find mg. 전도 triggering 을하여 80% R-R interval 로모든영상이이 완기에얻어지도록하여심장의운동에의한인공음영이나건 너띈콧이없도록하였고환자가호홉을멈춘상태에서영상을 얻고, 모든관상동맥이다포함되도록주폐동맥의하연에서부 터시작하여심장의하연까지영상을얻는다. 석회화병변을구 하는방법은 Agaston 등 (5) 에의해서 CT 밀도상최소 4pixel ( 능 1mm 2 ) 이상의 130 Hounsfield Units(HU) 한계치이상을 조직내의석회화로정의하며, 각각의관상동맥주행경로를따 라석회화병변이있는지를관찰하여해당부위에직접 Region of Interest(ROI) 를그려준후각각의 ROI 에서최대의 HU 가 인경우 1, 인경우 2, 인경우 3, 400 이상인경우 4 를석회화면적에곱하여계산하여각각의관 상동맥석회수치를구한후합하여전체석회수치를얻는다. 세군의 CAC, 석회화동맥의숫자, 나이, 성멸, 위험인자그리고시행한검사는 Table 1, Fig. 1. 과같고무증상성인중폐쇄성관상동맥질환이발견된환자는전부 16명이었고이들의석회수치평균이 600 :t 726(7-2832) 이었다 (Fig.2). 또무증상성인중 21명이위의검사에서음성을보였고 (Fig. 3) 이들의석회수치평균이 293 :t 40 1( ) 으로측정되어통계적으로의미있는차이는없었으나일정정도석회수치의차이가있었고 (p=0.079) 이미확진된 19명의폐쇄성관상동맥질환자 (Fig. 4) 의관상동맥석회수치평균은 571 :t 751(0-2662) 로서무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환자와비슷한분포를보였다 (p) 0.1 ). 그리고총 56명의석회수치유무로나누어보았을때폐쇄성관상동맥질환의민감도는 89%, 특이도는 14 %, 양성예측율은 63%, 음성예측율은 43 % 로측정되었고 CAC를 100으로나누어보았을때민강도는 71%, 특이도는 48%, CAC를 200 으로나누어보았을때민감도는 60%, 특이도는 67% 로측정되었다 (Table 2). 그리고나이에따른 CAC의분포는나이가증가함에따라서 CAC score가증가하였다 (Fig.5). 고찰 EBT는전자총에서전자선을발사시키고이를전자기적으로굴절시켜테이블밑에있는 4개의반원형양극판에차례로조준하여서거의동시에 210 방향에서 X선을발생시킴으로써짧은시간 ( 최소 50msec) 에영상을얻는시간해상력 (temporal resolution, 17 frames / sec) 을갖추고있어심장박동이나호흡그리고맥박에의한영상흔들림을최소화할수있는장점을가지고있고또관상동맥석회수치검사를할때측정자간신뢰성 (Inter-rater r elia bility) 이아주높은장점이있다 (6). EBT의경우 Agaston의방법 (5) 에의하여석회화의역치를 130HU으로하여석회수치를계산하고있는데이는혈액의최 %
4 찌이상흔오 1 : 전자선단층휠영의관상동맥석회수치외폐쇄성관상동맥질환의상관관계 A B C Fig. 4. Symptomatic coronary artery obstructive disease. 61 male patient shows 3 calcified arteries(a, B. ), left anterior descending(lad, white arrow), left circumflex(lcx, arrow head), and right coronary artery(rca, dou ble arrowhead). Coronary ang- iography was demonstrated 50 % narrowing of distal LAD( C, black arrow), 50 % narrowing of distal LCx, 70 % narrowing of RCA Us age Fig. S. Correlation of Coronary Artery Calcium score and Age Table 2. Sensitivity, Specificity According to Coronary Artery Calcium Score(CAC) CAC threshold Sensitivity 89% 71 % 60% Specificity 14% 48% 67% Accuracy 61 % 61 % 63% Positive predictive value 63% 69% 75% Negative predictive value 43% 48% 50% 소 2 표준편차이상의음영과 (7) 정상싱근의 2 배이상의음영 (8) 을기준으로선택되었으나 HU 를다르게하여비교한연구는 없고최근나선식 CT 를이용하여관상동맥석회수치를측정한 연구에의하면 90 HU 으로측정하였을때가 130HU 으로측정하 였을때보다폐쇄성관상동맥질환의민감도와특이도가더높 다고하였는데이는냐선식 CT 에서 mi li ampere -sec ond 가더 높아서영상잡음이더적어역치를낮게잡을수있다고한다 W (9). 동맥경화반의석회화시점과진행에관해서는아직도자세히밝혀지지않고있지만동맥경화혈관의병적인석회화는세포의증식, 기질침착그리고석핵화등의정상골의특정을공유하고있고골조직과생화학적, 그리고미세구조적으로유사하다. 그리고이것은충격흡수의감소와전단력집중에의한영향으로혈관내피의손상과경화반파열을유발시킬수있다 (1 0). 동맥경화반의무기질챔착은골의주요무기질성분인 hydroxya p atite로구성되어있다. 그리고동맥경화반의평활근세포와대식세포에는골생성과무가질화와연관이있는 osteopont i n의 m -RNA가존재한다. 또한 osteopontin의면역조직화학염색상동맥경화반의외측경계에서는강하게염색이되고중심부분은덜강하게미만성염색이되며정상동맥에서는염색이되지않는다. 이상으로보이. Fitzpatrick 등 (11) 은 osteopontin이동맥의선내막형성 (neointimal formation) 에관여한다고하였다. 동맥경화반의구성은섬유질, 콜레스테롤그리고석회등과같은기질들로되어있어서석회침착은동맥경화가있을경우에만얼어나지만동맥경화는석회침착없이일어날수도있어동맥경화의유병율은석회첨착의유병율보다높다. 그리고 Rumberger 등 (1 2) 에의하면관상동맥경화반의면적이석회화면척보다 5배가더크다고하여모든동맥경화반이석회를포함하는것은아니나석회수치와밀접한연관을보인다고하였다. Patterson 등 (1 3) 에의하면 EBT CAC검사는탈륨 201 심근스캔검사나양전자방출단층촬영술과같이사용할때비용효율성이좋아서 Tl-201 심근스캔단독혹은양전자방출단층촬영술단독으로진단할때보다전체적인진단비용의많은감소를가져올수있다고한다또한저등도 중등도확률의 CAOD군에서운동부하심전도검사나탈륨 -201검사보다석회수치가진단적접근검사로서비용효율성이좋다고한다 (1 4). 그러나나이가많은경우석회화의유병율이높아서특이성이낮아선별 검사의가치가낮지만 (1 5) 다른비침습적인검사가보여주지
5 대한방사선의학회지 1998 ; 39 : 못하는비폐쇄성관상동맥질환의존재에대한정보를제공하는장점이있다. 이번연구는증상이없는성인중 EBT CAC검사를실시하여폐쇄성관상동맥질환이있는지를 3가지검사를이용하여알아보았는데폐쇄성질환이있는 16명의모든환자에서 1개이상의관상동맥위험인지를가지고있었고전부에서 7이상의석회수치가검출되었다. 그리고폐쇄성관상동맥질환이있였거나전형적인흉통이있던 19명의환자를대상으로한석회수치와차이가없었는데이는증상이없다고해서관상동맥질환이없다는것은아닌것을의미한다. Mautner 등 (2) 에의하면무증상폐쇄성관상동맥질환과증상을동반한폐쇄성관상동맥질환의석회수치와동맥의협착정도를비교하였을때차이가없어증상의유무는허혈성심장질환의믿을수있는정후가아니어서 EBT CAC검사가무증상성인의선별검사로서유용할수있다고하였다. 그리고 Bruce 등 (1 6) 에의하면무증상성인이비전형적흉통을가진성인보다절반정도의관상동맥질환의발병율을가지지만일단관상동맥질환이발병하면사망율은더높다고보고하여무증상성인의검사도중요함을알수있다. 그리고무증상고위험군의성인에서심장영화투시촬영술상석회화첨착이있는군이 cohort연구에서다른위험인자와독립적으로심혈관증후의위험도가높다는보고가있었는데 (17) 영화투시촬영술보다 EBT CAC검사가석회화를보다더정확하고위양성이없으며정량적으로측정할수있어서훨씬더유용하게쓰일수있다 (1 5). 관상동맥질환의선별검사로서운동부하심전도검사가많이쓰이고있는데 Sox Jr. 등 (1 8) 에의하면운동부하심전도검사는무증상성인의선별검사로서수명에거의도움이되지않고선별검사로서비용이높다고하였고또운동부하검사가무증상성인의관상동맥질환의선별검사로서좋지않은이유로첫째, 대부분의무증상성인은관상동맥질환을갖고있지않고둘째, 운동부하심전도검사에서양성으로나온무증상성언을관상동맥조영술을실시하였을때 20% 만이병을가지고있는것으로나오며셋째우회로이식조성숨을해야될관상동맥질환은무증상성인에서는드물다고하였다. 그리고운동부하심전도검사나 TI-201심근스캔은충분한운동의적응증이되지않는합병증이나이가들면서많아지므로나이가증가할수록위음성이많아진다고하며또한탈륨 -201심근스캔은관상동맥의경련과영상판독의편재로인해위양성율이높아특이도와양성예측율이낮다고한다 (1 9). 또한석회수치를 100을기준으로하였을때 40-60세사이의대상자중에서 EBT는민감도 83%, 특이도 85% 로서탈륨 -201 검사의 90%, 51%, 운동부하심전도검사의 71%, 72% 와비교하여볼때더뛰어난성척을보였다고한다. 또한 EBT는비침습적이고조영제를사용하지않으며운동부하가필요없고검사시간이짧으며재현성도가높으며검사자가약 40초정도만호홉을멈추면되어고통을주지않고신속하고편안하게검사할수있는검사로서 EBT가관상동맥질환의다른검사방법보다더나은선별검사로서유용하게사용될수있을것이다. 그러나무증상성인전체를대상으로한선별검사로서의 EBT CAC검사는운동부하검사와마찬가지로비용효검사에서음성으로나올확률이많을것으로생각되며이는앞갱 / 율성에문제가있고특히관상동맥질환의유병률이낮은우리나라에서는위험인자가많은고위험군에서의선별검사로활용하는것이바람직하다고생각되나앞으로추가연구가펼요할것으로생각된다. 그리고위에서도언급하였듯이나이와성별에따라관상동맥석회수치의의미가디론데여성에서는석회화가남성에서보다 10년정도뒤진다고하여젊은여성에서는민감도가낮다. 그리고 40-60세에서는남성에서관상동맥질환의예측률이더높고 60세이상에서는여자에서예측률이더높다고하며전체적으로볼때 40-60세에서관상동맥질환의예측율이가장높다고한다 (19, 20). 그리고남자에서는 40세를전후로관상동맥석회화의유병율이 15 % 에서 45% 로급격히증가하고여자에서는 60세전후로 27% 에서 71% 로증가한다는보고가있고 (1) 전체적으로관상동맥석회화의유병율은 30대, 40대, 50대, 60대에서각각 25%, 39%, 73%, 74% 로측정되었다 (5). 그래서 Kouji 등 (19) 에의하면 EBT CAC검사의타당성은중년성인에서가장유효하고노인환자에서도그유효성이감소하지않아 70세이상의환자들에서는석회수치가다른검사들보다관상동맥질환이의심되는환자에게선별검사로추천하고 40세미만의젊은환자에서는논의의여지가있으므로운동부하심전도검사가가장유용할것으로보인다고하였다. 이번연구에서무증상성인 37영과확진된폐쇄성관상동맥질환자 19명을합한 56명의민감도와특이도, 양성예측률그리고음성예측률을이전의논문과비교하여볼때석회수치유무를기준으로할경우민감도와특이도가각각 95%, 31% 그리고 100을기준으로할때 70%, 71% 인데 (11) 이번연구에서는 89 %, 14 % 그리고 71%, 48% 로낮게결과가나왔는데이는관상동맥석회수치가 0이거나낮게나온경우대부분이다른추가검사를하지않아서연구에포함되지않았고또확진된폐쇄성관상동맥질환자중 4명이석회수치가 0으로측정되어서민감도와음성예측률이이전의다른보고와달리낮았다. 그러나석회수치가 0인경우대부분이폐쇄성관상동맥질환이없는것을감안하고또연구대상인원이확대된다면이전의보고와별다른차이가없을것으로생각하고또폐쇄성관상동맥질환이있는데석회화병변이발견되지않은경우는본연구에서 11 % (4명 /35 명 ) 이었는데외국의연구에서보아도 0%(21), 0.6%(22), 4 % (5), 5%(23), 9%(13), 그리고 12 % (24) 이어서조금높은경향을보이고있는데 4영이모두유증상또는확진된관상동맥질환자이어서석회수치가 0인무증상성언이본연구에거의포함되지않았다는것을고려할때이는외국보다우리나라에서석회화침착이없는연반 (80ft plaque) 의관상동맥질환이더많을수있을것으로생각되며 CAC가 0이나온 4명중에서 3 명이관상동맥조영술상 1혈관질환이었고 1명은운동부허섞전도검사상하벽의허혈로의심되어서이는동맥경화가전반적으로오기보다는국소적으로만침범된것을의미하여이런경우석회의침착이아직되지않은연반일가능성이높다. 또한관상동맥의석회는근위부관상동맥에서주로관찰되는것과무관하지않아서원위부단일관상동맥질환의경우 EBT CAC
6 이상훈오 1: 전자선단층칠영의관상동맥석호 수치와폐쇄성관상동맥질환의상관관계 으로추가연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 이번연구에서석회수치유무를기준으로할때특이도와양성예측률이 14 % 와 63% 로낮은데이는폐쇄성관상동맥질환을대상으로하였기때문에관상동맥석회화가있는경우폐쇄성질환이없더라도모두동맥경화가있는것을고려하면아직폐쇄성질환이생기지않았다는것을뜻하는것이지동맥경화가없다는것은아니다. 더욱이갑자기생기는폐쇄성혈전은단지경한, 혈류를제한하지않는경화반에서주로생기며 Epstein 등 (25) 에의하면관상동맥질환으로인한급사의많은부분을운동부하검사에서정상소견을보이는저위험군이차지하고스트레스검사에서음성을보이는집단에서의급성폐쇄성관상동맥질환의발병률이낮지만전체숫자에서는검사에서양성을보인집단에서의관상동맥증후보다많아서증상이없는허혈성섬질환흑은허혈성섬질환의발생없이갑자기사망하는경우를발견할수있는보다나은검사가필요하다고하였다. 또 한 Arad 등 (3) 에의하면 EBT CAC 검사를시행한 명의 무증상성언을대상으로평균 1 97~ 월간추적관찰해보았더니 18 명에서심혈관질환이발생하였고이들의석회수치를 1 60으로민감도와특이도를구하여보았을때 89% 와 82 % 로측정되었다고한다. 따라서관상동맥석회수치가높은경우폐쇄성관상동맥질환여부를추가로검사하여음성이더라도급성관동맥증후의위험이높다는것을알수있다. 이상으로보아석회수치가양성으로나온경우폐쇄성관상동맥질환이아니더라도식이요법, 운동요법등위험인자를줄이거나혈중지질저하약물치료등으로적극적인치료를하여급성관동맥증후의빈도를낮추는것이중요하다. 이연구의제한점으로는 60세이상의노인이다수포함되어특이도가낮아진것과대상으로한군이무작위적으로추출된것이아니라당뇨와고혈압이있는사람이주로검사를하여연구대상이제한이있었다. 또한폐쇄성관상동맥질환의확진검사로서운동부하심전도검사와탈륨 -201심근스캔을이용하였는데이는운동부하시유효맥박수에이르는경우가나이가증가할수록적어져위음성이많아진다고하여신뢰도가떨어지는약점이있고관상동맥질환에대한민감도와특이도가낮아서위양성과위음성이있을수있는데이는이연구의정확도를떨어뜨릴위험이있다. 결론적으로무증상성인의관상동맥석회수치를검사하여높은수치가나올경우추가검사를실시하여폐쇄성관상동맥질환을조기발견할수있을뿐만아니라급성관동맥증후를일으키는고위험군의발견으로적극적인치료를통한이의예방에 1994 ; 192: Arad y, Spadaro LA, Goodman K, et al. Predictive value of electron beam computed tomography of the coronary arteries : 19-month follow-up of asymptomatic subjects. Circu/ation 1996;93: Detrano R, Hsiai FT, Wang S, et al. Prognostic value of coron ary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Am Col/ Cardio/ 1996; 27: Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte Jr. M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardio/ 1990; 15: Shields JP, Mielke Jr H, Watson P. 1nter-rater reliability of electron beam computed tomography to detect coronary artery calcification. Am J Card Imaging 1996; 10 : Bielak LF, Kaufmann RB, MolI PP, McCollough CH, Schwartz RS, Sheedy PF II. Small lesions in the heart identified at electron beam CT calcification or noise? Radi%gy 1994; 192: Kaufmann RB, Sheedy PF II, Breen JF, et al. Detection of heart calcification with electron beam CT: interobserver and intraobserver reliability for scoring quantification. Radi%gy 1994; Broderick LS, Shemech J, Wìlensky RL, et al. Measurement of coronary artery calcium w ith dual-slice heli cal CT compared with coronary angiography : evaluation of CT scoring methods, interobserver variations, and reproducibility. AJR 1996; 167: Bostrom K, Watsom KE, Horn S, Worham C, Herman 1M, Demer LL. Bone morphogenetic protein expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. J C/in Invesl 1993 ; 91 : Fitzpatrick LA, Severson A, Edwards WD, 1ngram RT. Diffuse calcification in human coronary arteries. J C/in Invest 1994; Rumberger JA, Simons DB, Fitzpatrick LA, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. Circu/ation 1995;92: Patterson RE, Eisner RL, Horowitz SF. Comparison of cost effectiveness and utility of exercise ECG, SPECT, PET, and coronary angiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Circu/ation 1995; 91 : Behrenbeck J, Gerber TC, Rumberger J A, Electron beam tom ography in cost effective diagnosis of coronary heart disease Radi%ge 1996; 36(4): Stanford W, Rumberger JA. U/trafast computed tomography in cardiac imaging. New York : Futura Publishing Company, 1992; Bruce RA, Hossack KF, DeR 도석회수치가기여할수있다. 참고문헌 1. Wong ND, Kouwabunpat D, Vo AN, et al. Coronary calcium and atheroclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women: Relation to age and risk factors Am Heart J 1994; 127 : Mautner SL, Mautner Gc, Froehlich J, et al. Coronary artery disease: prediction with in vitro electron beam CT. Radi%gy
7 대한밤사선의학회지 1998; 39 : ary artery calcification using electron beam computed tomography: comparison with electrocardiographic and thallium exercise stress test results. J Am Col/ Cardiol 1995; 26: Fusman B, Wolfkiel CJ, Ultrafast computed tomography for de tection of coronary artery calcification. Am J Cardiac Imaging 1995; 9: Breen JF, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS, et al. Coronary artery calcification detected with ultrafast CT as an indication of coronary artery disease. Work in progress. Radiology 1992; 185: Stanford W, Breen J, Thompson B, et al. Can the absence of coronary calcification on ultrafast CT be used to rule out non-significant coronary artery stenosis? J Am Co l/ Cardiol 1992; 19 Suppl A: 189A 23. Budoff MJ, Georgiou D, Kennedy J, et al. Ultrafast cumputed tomography as a diagnostic modality in the detection of coronary artery : A multicen ter stud y. Circulation 1996; 93 : Tanenbaum SR, Kondos GT, Veselik KE, prendergast MR, Brundage BH, Chomka EV, Detection of calcific deposits in coronary arteries by ultrafast computed tomography and corre lation with angiography. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63 : Epstein SE, Quyyumi AA, Bonow RO, Sudden cardiac death without warning: possible mechanisms and implications for screening asymptomatic populations. N Engl J Med 1989; 321 : J Korean Radi 이 Soc 1998;39: Correlation Between Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Electron Beam Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium Scan 1 Sang Hoon Lee, M.D., Yong Kook Hong, M.D., Sung n Park, M.D. Hyang Mee Lee, M.D., Kyu Ok Choe, M.D. 1 Deparlmenl of Diagnostic Radiology Yonsei University, College of Medicine Purpose: To determine the correlation between obstructive coronary artery disease and electron beam tomography coronary artery calcium(ebt CAC) scan and to measure the difference in calcium score according to symptoms. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six patients underwent EBT CAC scanning and either coronary angiography or stress thallium 201 scanning or the treadmill test. When the results were positive, coronary artery obstructive disease(caod) was assumed to be present. The patients were divided into three groups: symptomatic CAOD, asymptomatic CAOD, and asymptomatic non- CAOD; those with a previous history of myocardial ischemia or who showed positive results in any of the three tests relating to typical symptoms of angina were assigned to the symptomatic group. Results: The number of cases assigned to group 1, 2 and 3 was 19, 16 and 21, respectively; total CAC scores were 571 ::!:: 751, 600::!:: ::!:: 401, respectively. The difference in CAC score between asymptomatic CAOD and asymptomatic non- CAOD was not statistically significant(p=0.079) but in asymptomatic CAOD, the score tended to be higher. The CAC score was not different between symptomatic and asymptomatic CAOD (p > 0.1). When the CAC threshold was 1, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 14%; when the threshold was 200, sensitivity was 60% and specificity was 67%. Conclusion: When the EBT CAC score is high, further evaluation provides early evidence of coronary artery obstructive disease. Index words : Coronary vessels, calcification Coronary vessels, diseases Computed tomography (CT), electron beam Address reprint requests to: Kyu Ok Choe M.D., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, # 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu SeouL , Korea Tel , Fax
8 제 20 자진단방사선과전문의연수교육안내 띠일시 1 쨌년 10 월 15 일 ( 목 -) - 17 일 ( 토 장소 : 호텔롯데월드 Emerald Room 떠층 ) 며명 점 :6 평점 셉샤전등록 : 추계학술대회와동시에사전등록제를시행하며평점카드는연수교육장에서발급해드립니다 l 등록비 구 분 사전등록마감 (1998 년 9 월 15 일까지 ) 현장등록 (1998 년 9 월 15 일이후 ) 정회원 20, 에 원 30, 때 0 원 l 시전등록i.Þ성추계학술대회와혼동을피하기위하여추계학술대회의사전둥록구좌와다른아래의구좌로입금된경우만인정하며, 송금한후학회 Home Page를이용하여신청하시거나, 별지의사전등록신청서를작성하신후신청서를우편또는 Fax 로송부하시면됩니다 거래은행. 평화은행구좌번호 : 025-û1αD1댐2 예금주 : 대한방사선의학회 따주 제 Lyrnphoma 다연수교육내용 시 간 연 제 연 자 1α15 08:0o-D8:30 08: 3o-D9: 00 09: 00-D9:30 10/1608: 아 -08 :30 08:3o-D9:00 09: 아 -D9:30 1α17 08:0o-D8:30 08:3o-D9:oo Pathology of the Lyrnphorna Lyrnphoma of CNS and Head & Neck 간접촬영펼름판독 Lyrnphorna of 깐 lorax Lyrnphorna of Musculoskeletal System 흉부 X 선정도관리 Lyrnphoma of GI 암 act and the Abdominal S 이 íd Organ Lyrnphðma of GU System 김철우 ( 서울의대 ) 한문희 ( 서울의대 ) 진수일 ( 원자력병원 ) 이경수 ( 성균관의대 ) 서진석 ( 연세의대 ) 엄정기 ( 서울의대 ) 하현권 ( 울산의대 ) 변재영 ( 가톨릭의대 )
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