THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Apr.; 29(4),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Apr.; 29(4), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) Noninvasive Method to Distinguish between Glucose and Sodium Chloride Solution Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonator 장초롬 박진관 윤기호 육종관 Chorom Jang Jin-Kwan Park Gi-Ho Yun* Jong-Gwan Yook 요약 complementary split ring resonator(csrr). CSRR,. PDMS mold,. 400 mg/dl 100 mg/dl, 50 μl. (S 21 ), 100 mg/dl db, 0.14 db, S 21. Abstract In this work, glucose solution and sodium chloride solution were distinguished noninvasively using a microwave complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR). Based on the electrical properties of the two solutions measured using a open-ended coaxial probe, a CSRR was designed and fabricated for operation at a specific frequency that facilitates differentiating the two solutions. Furthermore, a polydimethylsiloxane mold was fabricated to concentrate the solution at a region where the electric field of the resonator was strongest, and a laminating film was used to prevent contact between the solution and resonator. Experiments were performed by dropping 50 μl of the solution in steps of 100 mg/dl up to a maximum human blood glucose level of 400 mg/dl. Our experiments confirmed that the transmission coefficients (S 21 ) of glucose solution and sodium chloride solution exhibit variations of 0.06 db and 0.14 db, respectively, per 100 mg/dl concentration change at the resonance frequency. Thus, the opposite trends in the variation of S 21 with change in the concentration of the two solutions can be used to distinguish between them. Key words: Complimentary Split Ring Resonator, Glucose, Sodium Chloride, Non-Invasive, Discrimination, Microwave Sensor. 서론, ( ) (NRF-2017R1A2B ) (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University) * (Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyul University) Manuscript received February 20, 2018 ; Revised March 28, 2018 ; Accepted April 11, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Jong-Gwan Yook ( jgyook@yonsei.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 247

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 4, Apr , [1].,,, [2]., [3]., 2 [4]., [5]. [6] [8].,....,. [9], [10], [11] [13], [14],[15], [16] [18], [19] [21], [22],[23]. 45 % 55 %,,,,. 90 mg/dl 140 mg/dl, 310 mg/dl 370 mg/dl, 400 mg/dl [24]. 0 mg/dl 400 mg/dl 5 (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/dl).. 혈당센서설계 2-1 수용액의전기적특성측정, 1 (85070D) (E8364A). 500 MHz 15 GHz, 400 mg/dl 100 mg/dl.. 2.., (1) ( (2)) 3. (1) 그림 1. Fig. 1. The measurement setup of solution. 248

3 Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) (a) (a) Glucose solution (a) (a) Glucose solution (b) (b) Sodium chloride solution 그림 2. Fig. 2. Measured dielectric constant. (b) (b) Sodium chloride solution 그림 3. Fig. 3. Measured loss tangent. tan (2) MHz 3 GHz GHz. 2-2 공진기및환경설계 4. complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) PDMS mold, 그림 4. Fig. 4. The proposed glucose sensor system. 249

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 4, Apr (nearfield),, (reflection coefficient, S 11 ), (transmission coefficient, S 21 ).. CSRR split ring, (band stop filter). CSRR [25],[26]. 5 CSRR., split ring,,, split ring,,., CSRR (3) split ring, split ring [27]. nh pf. (a) (a) Top view (b) (b) Bottom view (c) split ring (c) Enlarged split ring (3) 2.17, , 0.8 mm CSRR FDTD 6, (d) (d) Electric field distribution 그림 5. CSRR Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit of CSRR. (e) (S 21 ) (e) Transmission coefficient(s 21 ) 그림 6. CSRR Fig. 6. Structure of designed CSRR. 250

5 Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) 표 1. CSRR Table 1. Dimensions of the designed CSRR. Parameter a b c d e f g Value [mm] (f), (c, d, e, g). CSRR 6 split ring, 2.8 GHz -26 db S 21. PDMS polydimethylsiloxane, 2.6, [28]. PDMS mold. 3D. 10:1, PDMS mold 50 μl 2.5 mm 3.2 mm 0.1 mm S (4) PDMS 400 mg/dl S 21 (0 mg/dl) S mm S 21. 그림 7. PDMS mold (S 21 ) Fig. 7. Variation of transmission coefficient(s 21 ) versus the change of the radius of PDMS mold.. 8. (5) S 21 0 mg/dl S 21. (5) 8 S (4). 시뮬레이션및측정결과 S 21. 그림 8. (S 21 ) Fig. 8. Simulation result of variation of transmission coefficient(s 21 ) versus the change of concentration of solution. 251

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 4, Apr 그림 9. (Z in ) Fig. 9. Variation of input impedance(z in ) of resonator versus the change of concentration of solution. (Z in ). 9 Z in 50 Ω S 11 S 21. Z in 50 Ω. 50 μl PDMS mold (E5071B) S S mg/dl NaCl S db, 0.42 db., db, 0.46 db S 21., PDMS mold.. 결론. CSRR PDMS mold, FDTD. (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/dl) 50 μl PDMS mold., S 21. References 그림 10. (S 21 ) Fig. 10. Simulation and experimental result of variation of transmission coefficient(s 21 ) versus the change of concentration of solution. [1] International Diabetes Federation, "IDF figures." Available: Accessed on: Feb. 6, [2] International Diabetes Federation, "New IDF figures show continued increase in diabetes across the globe, reiterating the need for urgent action." Available: idf.org/news/94:new-idf-figures-show-continued-increase-indiabetes-across-the-globe,-reiterating-the-need-for-urgentaction.html, Accessed on: Feb. 6,

7 Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) [3] E. C. Green, "Design of a microwave sensor for non-invasive determination of blood-glucose concentration," Ph. D. dissertation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, [4] H. Choi, S. Luzio, J. Beutler, and A. Porch, "Microwave noninvasive blood glucose monitoring sensor: Human clinical trial results," in 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium(IMS), Honololu, HI, 2017, pp [5] S. K. Vashist, "Non-invasive glucose monitoring technology in diabetes management: A review," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 750, pp , [6] K. K. Adhikari, N. Y. Kim, "Ultrahigh-sensitivity mediator-free biosensor based on a microfabricated microwave resonator for the detection of micromolar glucose concentrations," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 64, no. 1, pp , [7] H. Park, H. S. Yoon, U. Patil, R. Anoop, J. Lee, and J. Lim, et al., "Radio frequency based label-free detection of glucose," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 54, pp , [8] N. Y. Kim, R. Dhakal, K. K. Adhikari, E. S. Kim, and C. Wang, "A reusable robust radio frequency biosensor using microwave resonator by integrated passive device technology for quantitative detection of glucose level," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 67, pp , [9], ",", 28(4), pp , [10] J. K. Park, T. G. Kang, B. H. Kim, H. J. Lee, H. H. Choi, and J. G Yook, "Real-time humidity sensor based on microwave resonator coupled with PEDOT: PSS conducting polymer film," Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 439, [11] H. J. Lee, J. H. Lee, S. Choi, I. S. Jang, J. S. Choi, and H. I. Jung, "Asymmetric split-ring resonator-based biosensor for detection of label-free stress biomarkers," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 103, p , Jul [12] S. G. Kim, H. J. Lee, J. H. Lee, H. I. Jung, and J. G. Yook, "A highly sensitive and label free biosensing platform for wireless sensor node system," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 50, pp , Dec [13] Y. Hong, H. J. Lee, S. G. Kim, B. H. Kim, G. H. Yun, and J. G. Yook, "A label-free biosensing platform using a PLL circuit and biotin-streptavidin binding system," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, pp , [14] G. Bailly, A. Harrabi, J. Rossignol, D. Stuerga, and P. Pribetich, "Microwave gas sensing with a microstrip interdigital capacitor: Detection of NH 3 with TiO 2 nanoparticles," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 236, pp , Nov [15] B. H. Kim, Y. J. Lee, H. J. Lee, Y. Hong, J. G. Yook, and M. H. Chung, et al., "A gas sensor using double split-ring resonator coated with conducting polymer at microwave frequncies," in IEEE Sensors 2014 Proceedings, Valencia, 2014, pp [16] Y. J. An, G. H. Yun, S. W. Kim, and J. G. Yook, "Wrist pulse detection system based on changes in the near-field reflection coefficient of a resonator," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 24, no. 10, pp , [17] Y. J. An, B. H. Kim, G. H. Yun, S. W. Kim, S. B. Hong, and J. G. Yook, "Flexible non-constrained RF wrist pulse detection sensor based on array resonators," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp , [18] B. H. Kim, Y. Hong, Y. J. An, S. G. Kim, H. J. Lee, and S. W. Kim, et al., "A proximity coupling RF sensor for wrist pulse detection based on injection-locked PLL," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 64, no. 5, pp , [19] S. G. Kim, G. H. Yun, and J. G. Yook, "Compact vital signal sensor using oscillation frequency deviation," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 2, pp , [20] Y. Hong, S. G. Kim, B. H. Kim, S. J. Ha, H. J. Lee, 253

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 4, Apr and G. H. Yun, et al., "Noncontact proximity vital sign sensor based on PLL for sensitivity enhancement," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp , [21] Y. An, G. Yun, and J. Yook, "Sensitivity enhanced vital sign detection based on antenna reflection coefficient variation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp , [22] S. M. Aguilar, M. A. Al-Joumayly, M. J. Burfeindt, N. Behdad, and S. C. Hagness, "Multiband miniaturized patch antennas for a compact, shielded microwave breast imaging array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 3, pp , [23] W. Huang, A. A. Kishk, "Compact dielectric resonator antenna for microwave breast cancer detection," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 3, no. 4, pp , [24] E. Topsakal, T. Karacolak, and E. C. Moreland, "Glucose-dependent dielectric properties of blood plasma," in 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, Istanbul, 2011, pp [25] C. S. Lee, C. L. Yang, "Complementary split-ring resonators for measuring dielectric constants and loss tangents," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 24, no. 8, pp , [26] M. S. Boybay, O. M. Ramahi, "Material characterization using complementary split-ring resonators," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 61, no. 11, pp , [27] A. Ebrahimi, W. Withayachumnankul, S. F. Al-Sarawi, and D. Abbott, "Dual-mode behavior of the complementary electric-lc resonators loaded on transmission line: Analysis and applications," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 116, no. 8, [28] H. J. Lee, J. G. Yook, "Droplet sensing using small and compact high-q planar resonator based on impedance matching technique," Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 87, p , Sep : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RF Component, : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ],, RF System, RF Component, 254

9 Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : : : [ 주관심분야 ] RF /,, : : : IEEE Distinguished Lecturer (EMC Society) [ 주관심분야 ],,, RF MEMS,, EMI/EMC, HEMP, 255