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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 14, No. 9 pp , 김진수 1* 1 광양보건대학교임상병리과 Study of Autoantibody Concentration Distribution by Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Jean-Soo KIM 1* 1 Dept of Clinical Pathology, Gwangyang Health College 요약이연구는갑상선조직검사에따른갑상선암진단시선행되는혈청학적검사와연관성을보고자실시하였다. 대상은 2012년 6월부터 2012년 12월까지모대학병원병리과에의뢰받은조직검체중갑상선암판정받은실험군 50명과정상으로판정받은대조군 50명으로하였으며변수는갑상선기능검사와자가항체검사항목을이용하였다. 결과는 Thyroglobulin는물론이고 Thyroglobulin Ab도어느정도유의성이있는것으로나타났으며이는실험군의자가항체존재를의심할수있었으며 Calcitonin검사항목도유의성은낮지만유의성이있는것으로나타났다. 연구를토대로관련있는검사항목을중점적으로검사한다면갑상선암초기진단에도움이되는검사결과를얻을수있을것이다. Abstract This study was investigated the correlation between thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy and serological test's concentrations. I examined fifty patients who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer from June 2012 to December 2012 in Pathology of a certain university hospital. Healthy fifty people were selected as a control group. Thyroid function tests were used as variables. In conclusion, The thyroglobulin and autoantibody was showed positive correlations in cancer groups. also Thyroglobulin Ab was showed a little correlation. If we examine this study items, we will get help in early diagnosis. Key Words : Thyroid, Fine needle aspiration, Thyroglobulin 1. 서론 갑상선글로불린 (thyroglobulin) 은 660 kda 크기의갑상선특이당단백으로써갑상선조직의수용성단백중 75-80% 를차지한다 [1]. 갑상선은우리몸의목부위에존재하며그구조는나비모양을하고있고여러호르몬들과함께각종신진대사에관여하고있는장기중에하나이다. 대표적인질환중에갑상선암, 갑상선기능항진증, 갑상선기능저하증, 그레이브스병, 하시모토갑상선염등을들수있다. 또한통상적으로갑상선기능에문제를확인하기위한검사로는 Triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(t4), thyroid stimulating hormone(tsh), Free T4, Thyroglobulin(Tg), Thyroglobulin Ab, Microsomal Ab, TSH receptor Ab (TSI), Calcitonin등이일반적으로검사하고있는항목들이다. 특히최근에는의료기술의발전과더불어초음파기보급이늘어서예방차원의건강검진수요가늘면서각종갑상선질환이증가되는것으로알려져있다. 갑상선암은크게비교적치료하기쉬운분화암으로유두암, 여포암등이있으며어린나이에많이나타나는수질암, 40대여성이많은갑상선상피조직악성결절등이있다. 갑상선암의 90% 는분화된 papillary 및 follicular carcinoma인데진행속도가늦으나 20년내재발률이약 30% 로알려져있어수술후에도장기간의경과관찰을요하는질환이다 [2]. 유두상갑상선암은갑상선에서발생하는가장흔 * Corresponding Author : Jean-Soo Kim(Gwangyang. Univ.) Tel: @nate.com Received June 11, 2013 Revised (1st July 3, 2013, 2nd July 11, 2013) Accepted September 6,

2 한양성종양으로비교적예후는좋은것으로알려져있다 [3]. 유두상갑상선환자의수술전, 수술후검사에서경부림프절로의전이유무의진단은매우중요하다 [3]. 경부절전이는비교적흔하여수술후경부림프절로의전이는 5-13% 로보고되고있다 [4]. 그레이브스병은갑상선기능항진증의증상과갑상선비대를수반하고일부의환자에서는눈이나피부의병변등을함께하는증후군으로서갑상선기능항진증의주된원인질환이다 [5]. 즉그레이브스병의진단은신경과민, 체중감소, 다한, 피로감, 권태증, 심계항진, 갑상선종, 안구돌출등의임상소견 [6] 이존재하는것이다. 갑상선조직에대한각종자가항체로는 Thyroglobulin Ab, Microglobulin Ab, TSH Receptor Ab등이대표적으로진료에이용하는검사항목들이다. 자가항체들이많이나타나는그레이브스병과하시모도갑상선염에서는갑상선기능검사로써의갑상선호르몬등의정량적측정치들은자가항체의존재유무에따라달라질수가있어단순한것이아니므로단일한측정치에만의존할것이아니라다각도의측정치를견주어볼필요가있다 [6]. 하시모토갑상선염에관한논문이 [7] 발표된후자가면역성갑상선질환논문이 [8] 발표되고실험을하였는데쥐에실험적으로갑상선염을일으켜쥐의혈청에서항체를증명하였고 [9] 하시모토갑상선염환자에서항갑상선항체의존재를증명하였다 [10]. 자가면역에의한갑상선염질환시초기에는대부분증상이없지만서서히병이진행시자가면역에의한갑상선기능부전을일으키며갑상선종대에원인이된다 [19]. 갑상선단백질혈청 Throglobulin치는갑상선의자극된정도를반영하는소견이된다고하였다 [11]. Thyroglobulin은분자량이 (19S) 으로 [12] 대부분건강인의혈청내에존재하며갑상선암을포함하여각종갑상선질환에서증가하는것으로알려져있다 [2]. 특히 Tg는분화된갑상선암의수술후재발의진단에매우유용한것으로알려져있다 [13.14]. 재발이나전이를나타내는혈청갑상선글로불린의수치는아직명확하게확립되어있지는않지만일반적으로갑상선자극호르몬으로자극후 10 ng/ml 이상인경우재발이나전이로생각하고방사성요오드전신스캔및고용량치료를고려한다 [15]. 혈청갑상선글로불린의측정은 1973년 Van Herle 등이처음으로인간혈청에서측정할수있는방법을개발하여임상에이용하였는데토끼의다클론항체를이용한경합적방사선면역측정법 (radioimmunoassay) 방식으로측정하였다 [16]. 면역계측검사법은시험관또는비드등고형물에일차항원으로부착시키고다음으로이차항체를부착시킨다 [17,18]. 최근갑상선질환이여러진단장비의발달로발생건수가증가하고있으며특히여성에서각종암및질환발생이 증가하고있다. 또한갑상선암에있어서결절이나이물감등증상이있는경우도많지만없는경우가있으므로예방차원에서갑상선자가항체나호르몬측정을통한예방활동에주력하고있다. 따라서이연구는갑상선질환중진단을위한지표로검사되어지는혈청학적검사방법중 Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin Ab, Microglobulin Ab, TSH Receptor Ab, Calcitonin 검사결과를변수로하여갑상선암진단시어떤상관성이있는지농도분포를고찰하고영향을줄수있는항목은어떤검사인지알아보고자실시하였다. 2. 연구대상및방법 2.1 연구대상 2012년 6월부터 2012년 12월까지모대학병원병리과에의뢰받은조직검체중갑상선암판정받은실험군 50 명과정상으로판정받은대조군을대상 50명으로하여 Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin Ab, Microglobulin Ab, TSH Receptor Ab, Calcitonin을실험하였으며총검체수는 100개, 남자 51명, 여자 49명이었다. 2.2 연구방법갑상선세포검사는파파니콜로우염색법으로핵염색에는 Harris hematoxylin, 세포질에는 Orange G와 eosin-azure액을이용하여염색및판정하였고. Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin Ab, Microglobulin Ab, TSH Receptor Ab, Calcitonin은방사면역측정법 (Radioimunoassay) 으로일정량의환자검체를취한후방사성동위원소를첨가하여결합율을판별하는면역방사계수측정법으로검사하였다. 2.3 자료분석본연구는갑상선암여부에따른 Thyroglobulin, Thyroglobulin Ab, Microglobulin Ab, TSH Receptor Ab, Calcitonin 농도차이를알아보고각요인별상관성을분석하였으며통계는 SPSS version 19.0 프로그램을사용하여각연구대상군간의결과를빈도분석, T-test, ANOVA, Correlation검정, Regression analysis을이용하여분석하였고유의수준은 p<0.05로하였다. 3. 결과 3.1 일반적특성 4321

3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 14 권제 9 호, 2013 총 100개의검체중남자는 51명, 여자는 49명이었으며갑상선암으로판정받은환자 50명, 정상으로판정받은환자 50명이었다. 갑상선암그룹은유두암이 82%, 여포암이 14%, 기타 4% 이었다 [Table 1]. [Table 1] General Characteristics SEX Carcinoma Group Number % Male Female Normal Abnormal Papillary ca Follicular ca etc 성별에따른검사별결과값성별에따른 Tg값은남자가평균 53.5 ng/ml, 여자는평균 58.4 ng/ml 이었고, TgAb는남자가평균 22.5 U/m, 여자가 28.8 U/ml 이었으며, TSI는남자가평균 0.9 U/L 이고여자는평균 0.9 U/L이었으며 Calcitonin은남자가평균 5.5 ng/ml, 여자는평균 5.0 ng/ml이었다 [Table 2]. 또한성별에따른 Tg, TgAb 비율분포는평균 3.0으로차이가없는것으로나타났다 [Table 3]. 성별에따른 Tg, Calcitonin 비율분포는평균 18.3 으로성별에따라차이가없는것으로나타났다 [Table 4]. [Table 2] Value of the results of each test by gender N Min Max Mean SD * Tg(ng/ml) Male Female TgAb(U/ml) Male Female TMAb(U/ml) Male Female TSI(U/L) Male Female Calcitonin (ng/ml) Male Female * Tg: Thyroglobulin [Table 3] Ratio statistics Tg / TgAb SEX Mean 95% confidence interval Coeff. of of the mean variation Lower Upper M F All [Table 4] Ratio statistics Tg / Calcitonin SEX Mean 95% confidence Coeff. of interval of the mean variation Lower Upper Male Female All 성별에따른암분류성별에따라암분포율은남자는유두암이 17명, 여포암이 3명, 기타 2명이었으며, 여자는유두암이 24명, 여포암이 4명이었다 [Table 5]. [Table 5] Classification of cancer by gender Group papillary follicular SUM etc ca. ca. Male Female SUM Thyroglobulin 과 TgAb 의산포도 [Fig. 1] Scatter plots of concentration of Thyroglobulin and TgAb 4322

4 3.2 갑상선암판정에따른검사결과유의도갑상선암판정에따른검사결과유의도는 ANOVA분석시 Tg(p < 0.01), TgAb(p < 0.01), Calcitonin(p< 0.05) 로통계학적으로유의한상관관계 (p < 0.05) 를나타내었다 [Table 6]. [Table 6] Significant for the determination of thyroid cancer F p-value Thyroglobulin * Thyroglobulin Ab * Microsomal Ab TSI calcitonin * * p < 갑상선암판정에대한검사별상관도갑상선암판정에따른각검사별상관도를보면 Tg는 0.694로높은상관성을보였으며 TgAb는 0.425로비교적낮은상관성을나타내었고, Calcitonin은 0.223으로낮은상관성을보였다. 결과적으로통계적으로상관성을보인항목은 Tg, TgAb, Calcitonin이었다 [Table 7]. 3.4 갑상선암세포검사결과관련요인분석갑상선암판정결과와영향을주는검사요인을알아보기위하여암판정결과를종속변수로하여유의성이있는지여러변수를독립변수로하여다중회계분석으로분석하였다. 분석결과영향을미치는요인으로선정된변수는 Tg, TgAb, Calcitonin(R 2 =0.573) 이었다 [Table 8]. [Table 8] Regression analyzes of the impact factor Non-Std coefficients Std p- t B Std β value error constant Tg * TgAb * TMAb TSI Calcitonin * * p < 고찰및결론 결과를분석해보면성별에따른 Tg값은남자가평균 53.5 ng/ml, 여자는평균 58.4 ng/ml 이었고, TgAb는남자가평균 22.5 U/m, 여자가 28.8 U/ml 이었으며, TSI는남자가평균 0.9 U/L이고여자는평균 0.9 U/L이었으며 Calcitonin은남자가평균 5.5 ng/ml, 여자는평균 5.0 ng/ml이었다. 또한성별에따른 Tg, TgAb 비율분포는평균 3.0으로차이가없는것으로나타났고성별에따른 Tg, Calcitonin 비율분포도평균 18.3 으로성별에따라차이가없는것으로나타났다. 갑상선암판정에따른검사결과유의도는 ANOVA분석시 Tg(p < 0.01), TgAb(p < 0.01), Calcitonin(p< 0.05) 로 Tg, TgAb, Calcitonin은통계학적으로유의한상관관계 (p < 0.05) 를나타내었다. 검사별상관도를보면 Tg는 0.694로높은상관성을보였으며 TgAb는 0.425로비교적낮은상관성을나타내었고, Calcitonin은 0.223으로낮은상관성을보였다. 결과적으로 [Table 7] Correlations of thyroid cancer decision and variables Cancer Tg TgAb TMAb TSI Calcitonin Cancer Pearson *.425 * ** p-value Tg Pearson.694 * p-value TgAb Pearson.425 * p-value TMAb Pearson p-value TSI Pearson p-value Calcitonin Pearson.223 ** p-value * p < 0.01, ** p <

5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 14 권제 9 호, 2013 통계적으로상관성을보인항목은 Tg, TgAb, Calcitonin 이었다. 갑상선암판정결과와영향을주는검사요인을알아보기위하여암판정결과를종속변수로하여유의성이있는지여러변수를독립변수로하여다중회계분석으로분석하였다. 분석결과영향을미치는요인으로선정된변수는역시 Tg, TgAb, Calcitonin(R 2 =0.573) 임을알수있었다. 특히 Tg와의연관성은김수경 [1] 논문연구와도같은결과를알수있었다. 일반적으로 Tg는갑상선암수술후재발유무를관찰하기위하여일반적으로행해지는검사항목이다. 그러나위연구에의하면 Tg는물론이고 Tg Ab도어느정도암판정에있어서유의성이있는것으로나타났으며윤석근 [6] 연구에서도동일한결과가나왔으며이는 Tg와관련된어떤인자에의한결과인지확인할필요가있을것이다. 특히실험군에서자가항체의존재가관여했을가능성에대하여차후연구할필요성이있는것같다. Calcitonin검사항목도유의성은낮지만유의성이있는것으로나타났다. 이는장혜원 [20] 연구에서갑상선수질암의 Calcitonin관련성을제시하였는데이연구와같은결과를알수있었다. 현재일선병원에서갑상선진료를위하여내원한경우여러혈액관련검사를검사함으로서의료진료비낭비등여러문제점을발생시키고있는것이사실이다. 따라서위연구를토대로관련있는검사항목을중점적으로검사한다면의료비절감과더불어갑상선암초기진단에도움이되는검사결과를얻을수있다고사려된다. References [1] Van Herle, A. J., Vassart, G. and Dumont, J. E Control of thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion(second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 301 : DOI: [2] B.K Kim, M.S Lee, M.C. Lee "Clinical significance of serum Thyroglobulin value of thyroid cancer", Nuclear Medicine Molecular Imaging/17, 1983., 41-47, Society of Nuclear Medicine [3] K.S Jung, "Usefulness of tea globulin measurement of fine needle cleaning solution for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis over the nipple thyroid cancer patients", Kosin University College of Medicine Journals /24, 2009., , kosin university college of medcine [4] Grant CS, Hay ID, Gough IR, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, McConahey WM. Local recurrence in papillary thyoid carcinoma: is extent of surgical resection important? Surgery 104: , 1988 [5] McDougall IR: Graves' disease: Current Concept MCNA 75:79-95,1991. [6] S.K Joon, J.T. Lee, K.B Lee, "Stu요 of serum thyroglobulin value in autoimmune thyroid disease", Kyungpook University School of Medicine Journals/33, 1992., , Kyungpook National University School of Medicine [7] hashimoto H: Zur Kentnis der lymphomatosen veranderung der shilddruse(struma Lymphomatosa). Arch klin chir, 97: , 1912 [8] H.K No, K.S Lee, K.Y Sung, "Significance of Direct Assay of Anti Mic Ab and Anti Tg Ab in thyroid disease", Chungnam University School of Medicine Journals/17, 1990., , Chungnam University School of Medicine Regional Medical Research Institute [9] Rose NR, Witebsky E: Studies in organ-specificity V. changes [10] Doniach D, Roitt IM: Autoimmunity in Hashimoto's disease and its implication. J clin Endocrinol metab, 77: 1293, 1957 DOI: [11] Aizawa T, Ishihara M, Koizumi Y, Hahizume K, Takasu N, Yamada T, Kobatashi I, Watanabe T, Shimizu Z: Serum thyroglobulin concentration ans an indicator for assessing thyroid stimulation in patients with Graves' sisease during antithyroid drug therapy. [12] Chang Soon Koh, Mun Ho Lee, Seon Yang Park, In Sohn, Bo Youn Cho, Hwi Joong Yoon, "Study on serum Thyroglobulin value of thyroid various diseases", The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine/26, 1983., , The Korean Association of Internal Medicine [13] Lo Gerfo, P, Li Volsi, and Colacchio, D.: Thyrogrobulin production by thyroid cncers J. Surg. Res., 24: 1, 1978 DOI: [14] Van Herle, A. J. and UILer, R.. P.: Elevated serum throgloulin : A marker of metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. J. Clin. Invest., 56:272, 1975 DOI: [15] Lewis, E., Braverman, Robert D. and Utiger.(2005). Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid. In Carcinoma of follicular epithelium: Surgical therapy(robert, M, beazley). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1 : 956 ~ 958. [16] Van Herle, A. J., Uller, R. P., Matthews, N. I. and Brown, J Radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum. J Clin Invest. 52 : DOI: [17] Whitley, R. J. and Ain, K. B Thyroglobulin: a 4324

6 specific serum marker for the management of thyroid carcinoma. Clin Lab Med. 24 : DOI: [18] Baloch, Z., Carayon, P., Conte-Devolx, B., Demers, L. M., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Henry, J. F., LiVosli, V. A., Niccoli-Sire, P., John, R., Ruf, J., Smyth, P. P., Spencer, C. A. and Stockigt, J. R Guidelines Committee, National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid. 13 : DOI: [19] M.J Lee, "Clinicopathologic features in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis", 2013., master's degree, Inje University Graduate School [20] H.W. Jang, "the factors of Clinical characteristics and survival rate in thyroid cancer ", 2008., master's degree, Sungkyunkwan University Graduate School. 김진수 (Jean-Soo Kim) [ 정회원 ] 1997 년 7 월 ~ 2001 년 3 월 : 서울삼성의료원근무 2001 년 4 월 ~ 2012 년 3 월 : 건양대학교병원근무 2011 년 2 월 : 건양대학교보건복지대학원보건학과 ( 석사 ) 2012 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 광양보건대학교임상병리과교수 < 관심분야 > 보건학 4325

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