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1 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol. 46, No. 4 p Original Article Resource Development and Investigation of Novel Species from Unidentified Pathogens in NCCP using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rrna Gene Analysis Won Seon Yu, Kyeong Min Lee and Kyu Jam Hwang * Pathogen Resource TF, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea Species identification is an important item to characterize unidentified bacterial pathogens in developing and managing bacterial resources. In this study, unidentified pathogens based on the results of an automated identification system were identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALD-TOF MS) and 16S rrna gene analysis for development of national resources in the National Culture Collection for Pathogens (NCCP) in Korea. A total of 437 unidentified strains from branch banks of the NCCP were collected, and 16S rrna and dnaj gene sequencing, as well as MALDI-TOF MS analysis were performed to identify bacterial species. The mass spectra extracted were analyzed. Twelve strains exhibiting less than 98.65% similarity in 16S rrna gene were selected as the primary candidates for novel species, and 21 strains exhibiting 98.65~99.0% similarity in 16S rrna gene were selected as possible candidates for novel species. Among them, strain 32, belonging to Dermabacter sp., was finally selected as a possible strain representing a novel species and 14 unidentified bacterial strains using automated phenotypic identification system were newly registered at NCCP. The present study showed that unidentified pathogens using the automated phenotypic identification system were efficiently identified using the combination of MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rrna gene analysis, and developed to the national resources in NCCP. Key Words: Identification, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rrna, Pathogen, Resource INTRODUCTION 세균, 바이러스, 진균등과같은병원체자원은인간에게질병을일으키는위험성을동반하면서한편으로는예방백신개발등을위한잠재적가치성을보유하고있다. 질병관리본부국립보건연구원병원체자원관리 TF (Pathogen Resource Task Force) 에서는국가병원체자원은행 (National Culture Collection for Pathogens; NCCP, 의운영을통하여인체에감염을일으키는병원성미생물을국가차원에서수집하고자원화하여이를질병의예방, 진단, 백신및신약개발등의보건의료연구자들에게제공하고있다 (1). NCCP에서는현재 566종 2,356주의병원체분양자원을보유하고있으며공공기관을비롯하여산 학연관련기관의보건의료분야연구에매년 1,000건이상을분양하고있다. NCCP에서수집하고있는자원은국 Received: October 12, 2016/ Revised: November 21, 2016/ Accepted: November 25, 2016 * Corresponding author: Kyu Jam Hwang, Ph.D. Pathogen Resource TF, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, 28159, Korea. Phone: , Fax: , kyuhwang@nih.go.kr ** Bacterial strains used in this study were obtained from designated banks for culture collection. This research was supported and funded by Korea National Institute of Health (2013-NG ). CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( 201

2 202 WS Yu, et al. 내환자에서분리된감염성병원체로질환의임상증상과역학정보를포함하고있어질병의진단, 치료및예방을위한연구에중요한자원으로활용할수있다. 병원체자원을보존관리함에있어미생물동정은병원체의특성을구분하는데매우중요하다. 현미경을이용한형태학적특성과생화학적특성을이용한전통적인미생물동정법은시간이많이소요되고, 실험자의숙련도에따라결과의판정에오류가다소발생할수있는단점이있다. 이러한문제를해결하고자지방산의비율을분석하는 microbial identification system (MIDI, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina, USA), 생화학적특성을이용한 VITEK2 (BioMeriux, Inc., Marcy_l'Eltoile, France), 그리고 matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) 질량분석기 (Bruker Daltonics Inc., Bremen, Germany) 등미생물자동화동정기기가개발되어연구및산업적인곳에널리활용되고있다. 특히이러한자동화동정시스템들은분석에상대적으로시간이걸리는 16S rrna의계통진화분석과비교하여다수의균주를신속하고간편하게분석할수있다는장점이있으며, 미생물의생화학적분석결과를기존에연구된결과와비교하여결과를판정하는데시간이짧다는장점이있지만분석이가능한병원체가일부병원체에한정되어있다는한계가있다 (2). MALDI-TOF 질량분석기는생체에서의단백발현에대한대표프로파일을만들수있기때문에바이오마커개발연구에널리사용되고있다. SARAMIS (BioMeriux, Inc., Marcy_l'Eltoile, France) 나 Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics Inc., Bremen, Germany) 같은분석소프트웨어는속 (genus) 수준의세균동정에서매우뛰어난기능을보이지만, 혈청형또는종수준동정에는한계가있다. 이러한한계를극복하기위하여최근에는혈청형또는종수준에서의분류방법들이여러분야에서연구되고있다 (3~6). 본연구는 NCCP 보유병원체자원중산업화된자동화동정시스템으로동정되지않는병원체를대상으로 MALDI- TOF MS와 16S rrna 염기서열분석을실시하여미확인병원체를동정하고병원체자원화및신종후보주발굴가능성을검토하고자하였다. MATERIALS AND METHODS 실험대상균주 2013년지역거점은행에서수집된세균중자동화동정 시스템 VITEK2와 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석으로미동정된동결형태의병원체 437주를대상으로분석을실시하였다. 신종후보주로선별된 strain 32는수지괴사질환을가진환자의고름에서분리된균주이고, 다른후보주인 strain 161는환자의객담으로부터분리한미동정세균이다. 형태학적특성및생화학적특성확인동결보존된미동정세균은국가병원체자원은행업무지침서의병원체재생절차에따라다음과같이실시하였다. 동결튜브로부터 50 μl의균현탁액을채취하여 5% 면양혈액이포함된 trypticase soy agar (Hanil Komed, Inc., Gyunggi, Korea) 에 4분간도말한후 37 에서 24시간배양하여단일집락을획득하고, Gram Stain Kit (Beckton Dickinson, Durham, USA) 를사용하여그람염색한후형태학적특성을확인하였다. NaCl 내성, 적정생장온도범위및적정생장 ph 범위를확인하고, API 50CH와 API Coryne (BioMeriux, Inc., Marcy_l'Eltoile, France) 를사용하여생화학적특성을확인하였다. Strain 32의균종을확인하기위하여최근연종 (closed related species) 인 Dermabacter hominis (ATCC49369) 를참조균주 (reference strain) 로사용하였다. 16S rrna 유전자및 dnaj 유전자를이용한분자유전학적동정 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석은 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 의지침에따라실시하였다 (7). UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, CA, France) 를사용하여 chromosomal DNA를추출한후 universal primer 27F (5'-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCT- CAG-3') 와 1492R (5'-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') (M = A or C) 를사용하여중합효소연쇄반응 (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) 을진행하였다 (DE/Master cycler pros, Eppendorf, Inc., Hamburg, Germany). dnaj 유전자에대한증폭은 Rozhon 등 (8) 의보고를참고실시하였다 (primer sequences: 5'-CAGTATGGTCATGCAGCCTTTGAACA-3' 와 5'-TCAAAGAACTTTTTCACGCCGTC-3'). 합성유전자는 Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Inc., GmbH Hilden, Germany) 를사용하여정제한후염기서열분석업체 (XENOTECH, Inc., Daejeon, Korea) 에의뢰하여 ABI Big- Dye terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit v3.1 (Applied Biosystems, Inc., Waltham, USA) 를사용하여 cycle sequencing

3 Identification of Unidentified Pathogens 203 방법으로염기서열을해독 (ABI PRISM 3730, Applied Biosystems, Inc.) 하였다. CLSI 지침에따라 PHRED score 20 이상의염기해독결과를 EZBIOCLOUD ( 를 reference database로사용하여 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) 를이용하여검색하였다 (9). dnaj 유전자의염기서열은 Genebank로부터다운로드하였다. 16S rrna 유전자및 dnaj 유전자염기서열데이터의계통분석은 Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Version 6.0 ( 을이용하여수행하였다 (10, 11). 유전자들의거리는 Jukes-Cantor model 을사용하였고 Neighbour-Joining (NJ) 방법으로계통수를작성하였다. 작성된계통수의신뢰도를부여하기위하여 1,000회 bootstrap을반복하여수행하였다 (12, 13). MALDI-TOF MS 분석 MALDI-TOF MS 장비를이용한균주동정의전처리과정은이전의 Haigh 등 (14) 의보고를참고하여수행하였다. 직접도말법의경우 MALDI target plate (Bruker Daltonics Inc., Bremen, Germany) 에배양된세균의집락을얇게도말하고 1 μl의 70% formic acid를넣어준후실온에서건조하였다. 건조된세균에 50% acetonitrile-2.5% trifluoroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St, Louis, USA) 에완전용해한 a-cyano- 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) matrix (Bruker Daltonics Inc., Bremen, Germany) 를 1 μl 넣어준후실온에서건조하였다. Ethanol-formic acid 추출방법의경우세균집락을 300 μl 의멸균증류수에현탁하고 900 μl의 absolute ethanol을추가하여 13,000 rpm에서 2분간원심분리한후 ethanol을제거하고대기중에서 2분간건조시켰다. 건조한 pellet에 20 μl 의 formic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) 를첨가하여 1분이상 vortex하고, 다시 20 μl의 acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) 을첨가하여다시 1분이상 vortex한후 13,000 rpm에서 2분간원심분리하였다. 상층액 1 μl를 MALDI target plate에옮기고완전히건조시킨후 matrix 용액 1 μl를첨가하고완전히건조시킨후 MALDI-TOF MS 장비로분석을실시하였다. 각균주에대하여 2회반복하여분석하였다. 동정은 Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics Inc.) 를사용하여수행하였다. 분석소프트웨어는 MALDI Biotyper version 3.1 (Bruker Daltonics Inc.) 로서 5,627 strains 세균 database가포함되어있다. Bacterial test standard (BTS, Bruker Daltonics Inc.) 는제조사의지침에따라서 calibration 수행용으로사용하였다. 각균주별로 2회반복하여집락또는 균체단백질을채취하여분석하였다. 동정을위한 Score value는 Schulthess 등 (15) 의보고를참고하였다. Score value 2.0 이상일경우그종에해당하고 Score value가 1.7 이상 2.0 미만일경우속수준동정에해당하는것으로해석하였고, Score value가 1.7 미만일경우믿을수없는것으로간주하였다. Mass spectra 추출및단백체기반데이터베이스제작각균주별 mass spectrum의분석은 Microflex LT mass spectrometer를사용하여 Schulthess 등 (16) 의보고를참고하여수행하였다. Mass spectrum 추출을위하여균주의전처리과정은제조사의지침에따라서동정시사용했던방법중의하나인 ethanol-formic acid 추출방법을수행하였다. 세균검사표준물질 (BTS) 을이용하여 calibration 후장비를사용하였다. BTS는 RNaseA와 Mycoglobin을포함한 Escherichia coli 참조균주이다. Data 획득은소프트웨어 FlexControl 3.4 (Bruker Daltonics Inc.) 에내장된 AutoXecute tool을통해수행하였다. 재현성있는 mass spectrum 확보를위하여 processing 과정을수행하였다. 총 240회의 laser shot을통하여균주당총 27개의 mass spectrum 스펙트럼을확보하였고 mass spectrum은소프트웨어 FlexAnalysis 3.0 (Bruker Daltonics Inc.) 을이용하여 processing 과정을수행하였다. Processing 과정은 Yang 등 (17), Stanford 등 (18) 의보고를참고하여 1) mass adjustment, 2) smoothing, 3) baseline subtraction, 4) normalization, 그리고 5) peak detection 의 5단계로진행하였다. Smoothing, baseline subtraction을수행한후각 peak는 3,000 Da에서 10,000 Da까지 1,000 Da 마다 2회씩수행하였다. 총 27개 mass spectra 중오차허용범위에해당하는 mass spectrum을균주당 20개이상확보하였다. Database 제작을위하여확보된 20개이상의 processing 된 mass spectrum들을이용하여이를대표할수있는하나의주스펙트럼프로파일 (major spectrum profile, MSP) 을제작하였다. 이과정은 MALDI Biotyper (version 3.1) 소프트웨어를사용하여수행하였다. 새로이생성된 MSP는기존에등록되어있는 database와 MSP matching 작업을수행하여동정결과를확인하였다. 확인된 MSP들은 NCCP MSP Library로제작하였다. 단백체프로파일기반 dendrogram 제작은 MALDI Biotyper을이용하여수행하였다.

4 204 WS Yu, et al. 전자 기반 동정을 수행한 결과 최근연종을 기준으로 58개 RESULTS 16S rrna 유전자 및 dnaj 유전자를 이용한 분자유 전학적 동정 속(genus), 171 종(species)으로 구분되었다. 이를 NCCP의 자원수집 네트워크인 지역거점은행에서 수행한 16S rrna 유전자 염기서열 분석과 VITEK2 결과와 비교한 결과 16S rrna 유전자 염기서열 분석결과와 일치하지 않는 것이 CLSI를 근거로 437개 미동정 균주에 대한 16S rrna 유 153건(34%)으로 확인되었다. 16S rrna 유전자 염기서열 Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rrna gene sequences of strain 32.

5 Identification of Unidentified Pathogens 205 분석결과가 상호 일치하지만 VITEK2로는 동정되지 않은 미만으로 Kim 등 (19)의 보고를 참고하여 신종 가능성이 경우와 VITEK2 동정결과와 16S rrna 유전자 염기서열 매우 높은 균주로 선별하였다. 또한 Tindall 등 (23)의 보 분석의 동정결과가 일치하지 않는 것이 총 284건(66%)이 고를 참고하여 16S rrna 유전자 유사도가 98.65% 이상 었다. 이들 중에서 종 수준 동정의 cut-off 값인 99% 미만 이라도 DNA-DNA hybridization 기준에서 세균의 종간 인 균주는 총 33주(7.5%)로 확인되었으며, 이들 33개 균 DNA 유사도가 70% 미만을 나타내는 경우가 많으므로 주 중 12개의 균주는 16S rrna 유전자 유사도가 98.65% 16S rrna 유전자 유사도가 98.65~99.0% 사이인 21개 균 Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rrna gene sequences of strain 161.

6 206 WS Yu, et al. 주들은신종후보가능성이있는차순위그룹으로분류하였다. 신종가능성이높은 12주와차순위그룹균주 21주등총 33개균주를대상으로 16S rrna 유전자에대한계통분석을수행하였으며, 그결과신종가능성이높은신종후보군이면서보고된종수가가장적은 strain 32 (Dermabacter sp.) 와 strain 161 (Ewingella sp.) 를유력한신종후보균주로선별하여추가실험을진행하였다. Strain 32는 Dermabacter hominis 와 16S rrna 유전자유사도가 98.34% 로 Dermabacter hominis와가장가까운균종으로확인되었다 (Fig. 1). Strain 161은 Ewingella americana와 16S rrna 유전자유사도가 98.26% 로 Ewingella americana 와최근연종으로확인되었으나, 차순위근연종인 Rahnella aquqtilis 와도 98.32% 의유연관계를보이는것으로확인되어균속을지정할수없었다 (Fig. 2). 그래서추가적으로 Rozhon 등 (8) 의보고를참고하여 dnaj 유전자를이용한계통분석을실시한결과 Rahnella genomospecies 2와의진화적인거리가더욱가까운것을확인되어, strain 161은 Rahnella 속에속할가능성이매우높음을알수있었다 (Fig. 3). 이후 Brady 등 (20) 의보고를참고하여 Rahnella 속에새롭게추가된 5종을추가하여 16S rrna 기반계통수를다시작성하였다. 진화적인거리가가장가까운종인 Rahnella victoriana 와 16S rrna 유전자유사도 Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree based on the dnaj gene sequence of strain 161. Table 1. Clinical information of newly-registered bacterial resources NCCP No. Bacterial species Sex/Age Specimen Area Year Acidovorax temperans M/7 CSF Jeonbuk Acinetobacter radioresistens M/65 Pus Daegu, Kyungnam Acinetobacter nosocomialis F/65 sputum Kyungnam Staphylococcus pettenkoferi M/72 Blood Jeonbuk Roseomonas mucosa M/2 Blood Jeonbuk Raoultella orinithinolytica M/0 Voided urine Kyungnam Paenibacillus urinalis F/63 Blood Jeonbuk Corynebacterium striatum M/74 Sputum Daegu, Kyungnam Corynebacterium falsenii M/75 Blood Jeonbuk Brevundimonas diminuta M/62 Voided urine Daegu, Kyungnam Brevibacillus borstelensis F/11 CSF Jeonbuk Bacillus marisflavi M/51 Blood Gyeonggi Bacillus infantis M/17 Blood Daegu, Kyungnam Providencia stuartii M/81 Voided urine Kyungnam 2011 *Abbreviations. NCCP, National Culture Collection for Pathogens; M, male; F, female; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

7 Identification of Unidentified Pathogens 207 가 99.70%로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 strain 161은 개 균주(92.4%)를 대상으로 MALDI-TOF MS를 이용하여 최종적으로 신종 후보주에서 제외하였다(Fig. 4). 동정을 실시하였다. 동정결과 14개의 균주가 score value MALDI-TOF MS 분석 2.0 이상이면서 국가병원체자원은행 미확보 병원체로 확 인되어 신규자원화 하였다. 신규자원으로 등록한 14종 14 자동화 동정시스템 VITEK2를 이용하여 미확인된 병원 주의 NCCP code number와 임상정보는 Table 1과 같다. 체 437주 중 16S rrna 유전자 유사도가 99% 이상인 404 신종 후보주 strain 32는 score value가 1.886으로 종 수준 Figure 4. The modified phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rrna gene of strain 161.

8 208 WS Yu, et al. Table 2. Identification results of strain 32 and Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rrna gen Strain No. Identified name using 16S rrna gene ID % Identified name (MALDI-TOF MS) Score value 32 Dermabacter hominis Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 Dermabacter hominis 100 Dermabacter hominis Figure 5. Schematic representation of single major spectrometric profile from strain 32 (a) and Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 (b).

9 Identification of Unidentified Pathogens 209 Figure 6. Dendrogram based on major spectrum profile of Dermabacteraceae. Table 3. Biochemical characteristics of strain 32 Characteristics Strain 32 Dermabacter hominis ATCC Gram stain Positive Positive Optimal growth temperature ( ) Optimal ph for growth 30~40 30~40 7~12 7~12 NaCl tolerance (%) 6 7 Acid production from d-galactose + d-mannose + d-ribose + N-Acetyglucosamine + w Amygdalin + w d-melezitose w Gentiobiose + +, positive;, negative; w, weakly-positive. 동정 cut-off 인 1.7 이상 2.0 미만으로나타났다. 이결과는 Schulthess 등 (15) 의보고를참고하여속수준동정만가능하였다 (Table 2). MALDI-TOF MS database 에등재된다른 Dermabacter 속인접균주간의단백체기반유연관계를살펴보기위하여단백체프로파일의비교분석을수행하였다. Strain 32와 Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 는 MALDI Biotyper 3.1을이용하여최소 20개이상의 mass spectra 를확보하였다. Processing 된 mass spectra 를이용하여각균주를대표할수있는하나의주스펙트럼프로파일 (major spectrum profile, MSP) 을제작하였다 (Fig. 5). 제작된 MSP를기반으로 dendrogram 을작성한결과 strain 32는기존 database 에등록되어있는다른계통군에속하고 Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 와는같은계통군에속하는것을확인하였다 (Fig. 6). Strain 32에대한형태학적및생화학적특성분석 Strain 32에대한형태학적및생화학적특성에대한분석결과그람양성균으로최적생장온도는 30~40, 최적생장 ph는 7~12, 그리고 NaCl 내성도는 6% 로참조균주 인 Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 와유사한특성을보이는것으로확인되었다. 그러나생화학적특성분석결과 Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369 와상이한생화학적특성을보유함을확인할수있었다 (Table 3). DISCUSSION 국가병원체자원은행의수집네트워크인지역거점은행의총 437개미확인균주에대한 16S rrna 유전자기반동정을수행한결과 153건 (34%) 은 type strain 기반 database 및계통학적분석없이 16S rrna 유전자염기서열유사도의차이만을비교하여생긴오류로확인되었다. CLSI 지침 (7), type strain 기반 database (9) 의사용, 계통유전학적방법을이용한분석등으로 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석의오류는해결할수있을것으로기대된다. 한편 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석결과가본연구결과와일치한경우에서 VITEK2 로는동정되지않은경우와 VITEK2 동정결과와 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석의동정결과가일치하지않는 284건 (66%) 은자동화동정시스템 VITEK2 데이터베이스에등록되지않은균종과같이등록된데이터베이스수의차이로볼수있었다. 생화학적특성을이

10 210 WS Yu, et al. 용한자동화동정시스템 VITEK2는상대적으로 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석보다신속하고간편하게분석할수있다는장점을가지고있으나기존에동정된미생물의결과를기초로구축된데이터베이스를이용하기때문에분석가능한미생물의범위에한계가있다. 이장비에서분석가능한병원체는 300여종에불과하며일부균종은 2종이상을포함하는병원체그룹으로동정이되기도한다. 자동화동정시스템과 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석의결과가불일치한경우를해결하기위하여보완시스템의도입이필요하였고최근에많이사용되는동정시스템인 MALDI-TOF MS 분석을수행하였다. MALDI-TOF MS 분석의가장큰장점은 16~20시간소요되는 VITEK2 를포함한생화학적동정방법에비하여 10분이내최소시간으로신속한동정이이루어진다는점이다. Dupont 등 (24), Jamal 등 (25) 의보고를참고하면 MALDI-TOF MS의동정결과가 VITEK2보다오동정도낮고속및종수준의동정률도좋은것으로평가되었다. Schulthess 등 (16) 의보고를참고하여 score value 2.0 이상이면서국가병원체자원은행미확보병원체 14종 14주의균주들은연구자들에게분양가능한형태의국가자원으로개발하여홈페이지통하여분양중이다 ( DNA-DNA hybridization은두종간의전체유사성을간접적으로측정할수있는실험법의하나로지난 50년간세균종을구분하는 gold standard로알려져있다. DNA- DNA 유사도기준에서세균의종간 DNA 유사도가 70% 미만이면다른종으로정의하며신종으로분류한다 (21~ 23). DNA-DNA 유사도 70% 에상응하는 16S rrna 유전자유사도 cut-off (98.65%) 를나타낸 Kim 등 (19) 의보고에따라 16S rrna 유전자유사도가 98.65% 미만인 12개의균주는 16S rrna 유전자유사도를기준으로가능성이매우높은균주로추정하였다. 신종후보주로추정된 strain 161은 Ewingella americana, Rahnella aquatilis 등종간유사성확인에관한 Rozhon 등 (8), Brady 등 (20) 의보고를참고로하여 16S rrna 및 dnaj 유전자기반계통분석결과 Rahnella victoriana와 99.70% 유전자유사도를갖는최근연종으로밝혀졌으며신종후보에서제외하였다. MALDI-TOF MS 동정결과신종후보주 strain 32는 score value가 1.886으로 Schulthess 등 (16) 의보고를참고하여속수준동정에해당하는것으로나타났다. 반면참조균주인 Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369의 score value는 2.0 이상으로종수준동정에해당하는것으로나타났다. 이결 과로내장된 Dermabacter hominis의 database에단백체프로파일과는차이가있는균종일가능성이있어단백체프로파일을직접추출하여비교하고 MALDI-TOF MS database에등재된다른 Dermabacter 속인접균주간의단백체기반유연관계를살펴보고자하였다. Bruker database에내장된 Dermabacteriaceae MSP와새로제작한 strain 32, Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369의 MSP를추가하여작성한계통분석결과 strain 32는기존 database에등록되어있는 Dermabacter hominis 와는다른계통군에속하고있으나, Dermabacter hominis ATCC49369는같은계통군에속하는것으로나타나서 strain 32의 MALDI-TOF 동정 score value가 1.7 이상 2.0 미만인종수준 cut-off 값을벗어난이유가설명될수있었다. 그러나 type strain을이용하여새로제작한 MSP와 strain 32의 MSP가같은계통군에속하는것은설명할수없었다. Schaumann 등 (26), Hart 등 (27) 의보고에의하면 Escherichia coli의경우 extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) 생산대장균과 ESBL 비생산대장균의 MALDI-TOF MS를이용한단백체기반분석에서뚜렷한차이가없다는점과균체단백질을 trypsin 처리후정제하는방법제시하고있는보고를참고하면 MALDI-TOF MSP에근거한 dendrogram의감별능력이 DNA 분석과비교할때뛰어난수준은아닌것으로나타났다. Strain 32는 16S rrna 기반계통분석결과에따른진화적인거리차이가크다는점과속수준동정에해당하는 MALDI TOF MS 동정 score 값, 생화학적특성차이를통해서여전히신종가능성을배제할수없었다. 결론적으로자동화동정시스템으로미확인된병원체를효과적으로동정하기위해서는 type strain 기반 database의사용, 16S rrna 유전자및균종별표적유전자기반의계통학적분석을수행해야하며, 자동화동정시스템과 16S rrna 유전자염기서열분석의불일치할경우이를보완할수있는 MALDI-TOF MS 분석의도입은종수준동정에서효과적이었다. 그러나 mass spectra에근거한 dendrogram을비교하는것은종간의차이를구별할수는있으나, DNA-DNA hybridization과같이종을정의할수있는수준에는한계가있었다. 자동화동정장비로미확인된병원체중에서아직알려지지않은신종병원체의발굴을통하여국가자산화를하는것이국가병원체자원은행의중요한임무라고생각된다.

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