Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 목둘레혈전, 큰목각도 (10), 또는다양한복합적인 HNA 형태 (11, 12) 를가진복부대동맥류에서도 EVAR 를성공적으로시술하였다는보고도있다. 본연구에

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1 Original Article pissn J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(5): Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Patients with Hostile Neck Anatomy 1 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 1 Hye Doo Jung, MD 1, Yun Young Lee, MD 1, Seung Jin Lee, MD 1, Jae Hoon Lim, MD 4, Nam Yeol Yim, MD 1, Nam Kyu Chang, MD 3, Jae Kyu Kim, MD 1, Soo Jin Na Choi, MD 2, Sang Young Jung, MD 2 Departments of 1 Radiology, 2 Vascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea 3 Department of Radiology, St. Carollo Hospital, Suncheon, Korea 4 Department of Radiology, Donggunsan Hospital, Gunsan, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes and find the prognostic factors of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with hostile neck anatomy of the abdominal aorta. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 100 patients with abdominal aneurysm who were treated with EVAR between March 2006 and December We divided the patients into two groups: good neck anatomy (GNA), and hostile neck anatomy (HNA) and then compared the primary success rate and the incidence rate of complications with EVAR between the two groups. Our aim was to determine the factors related to the complications of EVAR among HNA types. Results: There were no significant differences of primary success rate and incidence rate of complications between the two groups. Among the types of HNA, the short neck angle [odd ratio (OR), 4.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), ; p = 0.023] and large neck angle (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, ; p = 0.031) showed a low primary success rate. The short neck angle (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, ; p = 0.002) and large neck angle (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, ; p = 0.032) showed a high incidence rate of early type 1 complication. In the case of the large neck angle (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, ; p = 0.047), the large neck thrombus (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, ; p = 0.035) and large neck calcification (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, ; p = 0.043) showed a high incidence rate of complications within a year. Conclusion: The results suggest that patients with hostile neck anatomy can be treated with EVAR successfully, although there was a higher incidence of complications in patients with a short neck length, severe neck angulation, circumferential thrombosis, and calcified proximal neck. Index terms Hostile Neck Good Neck Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Endovascular Aneurysm Repair EVAR Aortic Stent Received November 8, 2011; Accepted August 29, 2012 Corresponding author: Jae Kyu Kim, MD Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju , Korea. Tel Fax kjkrad@chonnam.ac.kr Copyrights 2012 The Korean Society of Radiology 서론 복부대동맥류의치료에있어혈관내동맥류치료술 (endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; 이하 EVAR) 의도입은복부대동맥류의치료와예후에있어서중요한영향을주고있다 (1). EVAR 의성공여부는대동맥류의모양에달려있고 (2), 가장중요한해부학적결정요인은대동맥류의근위부 목의모양및구조이다 (3). EVAR 를시행함에있어서이상적이지않은대동맥류의근위부목의모양및구조를 hostile neck anatomy (HNA) 라고하며, 이는 EVAR 시행가능성과성공여부에대한제한요소로남아있다 (4). 몇몇연구자들은 HNA 가시술과관련된합병증의발생증가와연관이있다고보고하였다 (5-9). 반면짧은목길이, 심한 submit.radiology.or.kr 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5):

2 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 목둘레혈전, 큰목각도 (10), 또는다양한복합적인 HNA 형태 (11, 12) 를가진복부대동맥류에서도 EVAR 를성공적으로시술하였다는보고도있다. 본연구에서는복부대동맥류로 EVAR 를시행받은환자를대상으로 good neck anatomy (GNA) 군과 HNA 군에서일차시술성공률과부가적인시술후일차시술성공률을조사하였고, 시술종료후남아있는 endoleak 와추적관찰기간동안새롭게발생한 endoleak 에대해발생시기와소실여부그리고이차시술시행여부를조사하였다. 또한추적관찰기간동안복부대동맥류의크기변화와 HNA 형태중시술후 1년이내의합병증발생에영향을주는인자를조사하였다. 대상과방법 환자군선택과시술 2006 년 3월부터 2010 년 12월까지복부대동맥류로 EVAR 를시행받은 103 명중, 시술후복부전산화단층촬영을시행하지않은 3명을제외한 100 명을대상으로하였다. 대상환자는남자 91명, 여자 9명이었으며, 나이는 48~84 세 ( 평균 ± 7.48) 였다. 시술전영상검사는복부전산화단층촬영을이용한혈관조영술 (Sensation Cardiac 64 or Somatom definition flash, Siemens Healthcare, Munich, Germany) 을시행하였다. 시술후추적관찰을위해 1주, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월, 12개월후복부전산화단층촬영을이용한혈관조영술을시행하였다. 시술은 Allura Xper FD20 (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) 와 Multistar T.O.P (Siemens Healthcare, Munich, Germany) 를이용하였다. 초음파유도하에천자를시행하였고천자부위는국소마취를시행하였다. 시술후천자부위는 Perclose Proglide (Abbott, IL, USA) 를이용하여결찰하였다. Landing zone 의길이가 1.5 cm 이하인경우에 Suprarenal fixation 을하였고사용한스텐트-그라프트는 Zenith (Cook medical, IN, USA), Talent (Medtronic, MN, USA) 와 Endurant (Medtronic, MN, USA), Seal (S&G BioTech, Seongnam, Korea) 이었다. Landing zone 의길이가 1.5 cm 이상인경우에 Infrarenal fixation 을했고사용한스텐트-그라프트는 Excluder (W.L. Gore and Associates, DE, USA) 였다. 근위대동맥목의분류 HNA 는 1) 목직경 : > 28 mm, 2) 목각도 : > 60, 3) 목길이 : < 10 mm, 4) 목둘레혈전범위 : 50%, 5) 목둘레석회화 : 50%, 6) 넓어지는목 : ( 신장동맥하방 10 mm 이내에 서근위대동맥목의직경이 3 mm 이상커지는경우 ) 의여섯가지의조건중한가지이상을포함하는경우로정의하였고, GNA 는여섯가지기준중에서어떤것도포함하지않는경우로정의를하였다 (12-16). 연구조사자료환자의성별과나이, 일차시술성공, 보조시술후일차시술성공, 시술도중보조시술시행여부, 시술종료후 endoleak 발생여부와발생된 endoleak 의형태, 추적관찰도중이차시술시행여부에대해의무기록지를대상으로후향적으로분석하였다. 또한시술전과시술후복부대동맥류의크기, 근위부목의길이, 직경, 각도, 목둘레의혈전, 목둘레의석회화, 넓어지는목여부를시술전과시술후추적관찰복부전산화단층촬영영상분석을통해조사하였다. 일차시술성공은시술종료후 1형 endoleak 또는 3형 endolaek 가없이시술이성공적으로종료된경우로정의하였고, 부가적인시술후일차시술성공은시술도중에발생한 1형 endoleak 또는 3형 endoleak 로인해추가적인이식편을설치후 endoleak 가소실된경우로정의하였다. 시술도중 endoleak 가있어풍선확장술또는추가적인스텐트-그라프트를설치하였으나시술종료후에도 endoleak 가남아있었던경우와시술후 30일이내에 endoleak 가새로발생한경우를조기 endoleak 로정의하였고, 시술 30일이후에발생한 endoleak 를후기 endoleak 로정의하였다. 통계통계는 SPSS (PASW statistics 19, Chicago, IL, USA) 를이용하였고 Man-Whitney U-test, Fisher s exact test, 그리고로지스틱회귀분석을사용하였다. 결과 대상환자 100 명중 53명은 HNA 군으로분류되었고 47명은 GNA 군으로분류되었다. HNA 로분류된 53예중 1개의 HNA 형태를보인경우는 38예, 2개의 HNA 형태를보인경우는 12 예, 3개의 HNA 형태를보인경우는 2예, 4개의 HNA 형태를보인경우는 1예였다 (Table 1). HNA 군에서시술전근위부목의길이는 6~87 mm( 평균 40.1 ± 18.2 mm), 목직경은 14~35 mm( 평균 23.4 ± 5.38 mm), 목각도는 18~123 ( 평균 67.8 ± 27.4 ) 를보였고, 목둘레에 50% 이상의혈전을동반한경우는 10예, 목둘레에 50% 이상의석회화는 7예, 넓어지는목은 13예였다. 324 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5): submit.radiology.or.kr

3 정혜두외 GNA 군과 HNA 군사이의기본적인특징을비교하였다 (Table 2). 환자의나이와성별은두군사이에큰차이가없었으나시술전복부대동맥류의크기는 HNA 군에서의의있게컸다. 복부대동맥류의치료를위해사용한스텐트-그라프트는두군사이에차이가없었다 (p = 0.635). GNA 군과 HNA 군에서시술전과시술후최종추적관찰복부전산화단층촬영사이의복부대동맥류의크기를비교하였다 (Table 3). GNA 군에서시술전대동맥류의크기는 36~97 mm( 평균 50.3 ± 1.68 mm), HNA 군에서시술전대동맥류의크기는 38~100 mm( 평균 56.6 ± 2.35 mm) 였다. 시술후 GNA 군에서대동맥류의직경은평균 0.7 ± 0.73 mm 감소하였고 HNA 군에서대동맥류의직경은평균 2.5 ± 1.07 mm 감소하여 HNA 군에서의의있게감소하였다 (p = 0.036). 대동맥류의직경은 GNA 군에서 4예에서시술후 5 mm 이상증가하였고 43예에서감소또는변화가없었으며, HNA 군에서시술후 5예에서 5 mm 이상증가하였고 48예에서감소또 는변화가없었다. 두군사이에통계학적으로의의있는차이 는없었다 (p = 0.416). GNA 군에서직경이 5 mm 이상증가한 4 예중 3 예에서근위부 1 형 endoleak 가있었고, 1 예에서저명 Table 1. Hostile Neck Features Variable No. Hostile neck features/patient Hostile neck features Neck angle > Neck length < 10 mm 2 Neck diameter > 28 mm 8 Thrombus circumference 50% 10 Calcified proximal neck 50% 7 Conical neck 13 Table 2. Demographics by Neck Anatomy Variable GNA (n = 47) HNA (n = 53) p-value* Age (years) 70.7 ± ± Pre operative aneurysm size (mm) 50.3 ± ± Device Infrarenal fixation Excluder Suprarenal fixation Zenith Talent 4 3 Endurant 5 5 Seal 1 4 Note.-*p-value < 0.05: significant difference. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. GNA = good neck anatomy, HNA = hostile neck anatomy Table 3. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Characteristics by Neck Anatomy Variable GNA (n = 47) Mean (range) HNA (n = 53) Mean (range) p-value AAA size, mm Mean pre-op 50.3 ± ± Mean post-op 49.6 ± ± Post-op pre-op -0.7 ± ± Neck diameter, mm 19.4 ± ± No. (%) No. (%) AAA sac Expansion* 4 (8.5) 5 (9.5) Stable/regressed 43 (92.5) 48 (90.5) Note.-*Increased sac diameter > 5 mm. Decreased sac diameter > 5 mm. AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm, GNA = good neck anatomy, HNA = hostile neck anatomy submit.radiology.or.kr 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5):

4 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 한 endoleak 가발견되지않았다. HNA 군에서직경이 5 mm 이상증가한 5예중 3예에서근위부 1형 endoleak 가있었고, 1예에서 2형 endoleak 가있었으며, 1례에서저명한 endoleak 가발견되지않았다. GNA 군과 HNA 군사이의일차시술성공, 부가적인시술후일차시술성공, 시술종료후남아있는 endoleak, 시술후새롭게발생한 endoleak, 사지혈전증, 그리고이차시술시행여부를조사하였다 (Table 4). GNA 군과 HNA 군은각각 42예 (89.3%, n = 47)(Fig. 1), 39 예 (73.6%, n = 53)(Fig. 2) 에서시술종료후 1형 endoleak 또는 3형 endoleak 없이성공적으로스텐트-그라프트를설치하였다 (Table 4). 일차시술성공은 GNA 군과 HNA 군사이에차이가없었다 (p = 0.132). 보조일차시술성공 ( 시술도중발생한 endoleak 로인해계획되지않았던추가스텐트-그라프트를설치한후일차시술성공 ) 은 GNA 군과 HNA 군각각 3예 (6.4%, n = 47), 7예 (13.2%, n = 53) 였다. 두군사이의보조일차시술성공률에의의있는차이가없었다 (p = 0.328). 시술도중근위부 1형 endoleak 가발생하여계획되지않았던스텐트-그라프트를추가로설치 (GNA: aortic cuff 2예, HNA: aortic cuff 3예, palmaz stent 1예 ) 한후에 endoleak가소실된경우는 GNA 군에서 2예 (4.3%, n = 47), HNA 군에서 4예 (7.5%, n = 53)(Fig. 3) 이며두군사이에의의있는차이는없었다 (p = 0.681). 시술도중원위부 1형 endoleak 가발생하여계획되지않았던 limb extender 를추가로설치한후에 en-doleak 가소실된경우는 GNA 군에서 1예 (2.1%, n = 47), HNA 군에서 3예 (5.7%, n = 53) 였다. 조기 1형 endoleak 는 GNA 군에서 6예 (12.8%, n = 47), HNA 군에서 12예 (22.6%, n = 53) 에서발생하였으며두군사이에의의있는차이는없었다 (p = 0.297). 조기 2형 endoleak 와조기 3형 endoleak 발생또한두군사이에차이가없었다. 후기 1형 endoleak 는발생하지않았다. 후기 2형 endoleak 는 GNA 군에서 2예 (4.3%, n = 47), HNA 군에서 5예 (9.4%, n = 53) 에서발생하였다. 후기 3형 endoleak 는 GNA 군에서발생하지않았으나, HNA 군에서는 2예 (3.8%, n = 53) 에서발생하였다. 후기 2형 endoleak (p=0.442) 와후기 3형 endoleak (p = 0.497) 는두군사이에차이가없었다. 시술종료후 GNA 군에서 6예 ( 근위부 1형 endoleak; 1예, 원위부 1형 endoleak; 2예, 2형 endoleak; 3예 ), HNA 군에서 8예 ( 근위부 1형 endoleak; 3예, 원위부 1형 endoleak; 2예, 2 형 endoleak; 1예, 사지혈전증 ; 2예 ) 에서이차시술을시행받았다. 이차시술은시행받은 GNA 군 6예중, 근위부 1형 endoleak 가있는 1예에서 aortic extender 를설치하였고원위부 1 형 endoleak 가있는 2예에서 limb extender 를설치하였다. 2형 endoleak 가있는 3예에서풍선확장술을시행하였다. 또한 HNA 군 8예중, 근위부 1형 endoleak 가있는 2예에서 aortic Table 4. Endoleak and Intervention by Neck Anatomy Endoleak/Intervention GNA (n = 47) No (%) HNA (n = 53) No (%) p-value Primary technical success* 42 (89.3) 39 (73.6) Assisted primary technical success 3 (6.4) 7 (13.2) Early type I 6 (12.8) 12 (22.6) Early type Ia Residual 1 5 New-onset 2 2 Early type Ib Residual 1 2 New-onset 2 3 Early type II 8 (17) 7 (13.2) Early type III 0 3 (5.7) Late type I 0 0 Late type II Late type III Limb thrombosis 0 2 Secondary intervention 6 (12.8) 8 (15.1) Early intervention Late intervention Note.-*Successful introduction and deployment of stents in the absence of surgical conversion or mortality, type I or III endoleak. Primary technical success after unplanned stent deployment for treatment of endoleak. Late endoleak: New onset of endoleak after 30 days. GNA = good neck anatomy, HNA = hostile neck anatomy 326 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5): submit.radiology.or.kr

5 정혜두외 A B C Fig. 1. No hostile neck features, a 59-year-old man. A. Volume rendering image shows infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (sac diameter: 42 mm) with aneurysmal dilatation of left common iliac artery (arrow). There is no adverse feature in the proximal aortic neck. B. Completion angiogram shows successful deployment of Zenith mm. C. Three months after EVAR, there was no complication on follow up CT image. Note.-EVAR = endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair A B C Fig. 2. One hostile neck feature, an 84-year-old man. A. Volume rendering image shows infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (sac diameter: 46 mm) with aneurysmal dilatation of both common iliac arteries. Neck angulation is 84. B. Completion angiogram shows no immediate complication after deployment of Zenith mm. C. Six months after EVAR, there was no complication on follow up abdomen CTA. Note.-CTA = CT angiography, EVAR = endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair extender 를설치하였고 1예에서 coil embolization 을시행하였다. 원위부 1형 endoleak 가있는 3예에서 limb extender 를설치하였고, 2형 endoleak 가있는 1예에서풍선확장술을시행하였으며, 사지혈전증이있는 2예에서풍선확장술을시행한후스텐트를설치하였다. HNA 형태중일차시술성공, 조기 1형 endoleak 발생, 이차시술시행, 복부대동맥류의크기증가, 그리고시술후 1년동안합병증발생에영향을주는인자를분석하였다 (Table 5). 목길이 [odd ratio (OR), 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21~18.70; p = 0.023] 와목각도 (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 0.56~11.85; p = 0.031) 는일차시술성공의예측인자였다. 조기 1형 endoleak 의예측인자는목길이 (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18~12.29; p = 0.002) 와목각도 (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 0.14~19.07; p = 0.032), 그리고넓어지는목 (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 0.75~19.82; p = 0.026) 이었다. 특히근위부조기 1형 endoleak 의예측인자는목길이 (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 0.56~ 11.44; p < 0.001) 와목둘레석회화 (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.94~15.64; p = 0.023), 그리고넓어지는목 (OR, 3.12; submit.radiology.or.kr 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5):

6 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 A B C D Fig. 3. Two hostile neck features, an 85-year-old man. A. Volume rendering image shows infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (sac diameter: 48 mm) with calcified proximal neck and conical neck. B. Follow up angiogram shows Type Ia endoleak (arrow) after deployment of Zenith mm. C. After deployment of aortic ring (14-90 mm), type Ia endoleak was improved. D. After 1 month, there was no complication on follow up abdomen CTA. Note.-CTA = CT angiography Table 5. Logistic Regression Analysis by Hostile Neck Features Regression Analysis Primary Technical Success Early Type I Endoleak Early Type Ia Endoleak OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value Neck length < Neck diameter Neck angle Circumferential thrombus Calcified neck Conical neck ndary Intervention Sac Expansion At Least 1 Peri-Op Complication OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value Neck length Neck diameter Neck angle Circumferential thrombus Calcified neck Conical neck Note.-CI = confidence interval, OR = odd ratio 95% CI, 1.12~19.43; p = 0.037) 이었다. 이차시술시행과시술후복부대동맥류의크기증가와연관된인자는없었다. 시술후 1년동안합병증의발생을예측할수있는인자는목각도 (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 0.96~20.80; p = 0.047) 와목둘레혈전 (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.24~7.12; p = 0.035), 그리고목둘레석회화 (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 0.08~18.37; p = 0.043) 였다. 고찰 기존의수술적치료는개복후대동맥을일시적으로차단한후복부대동맥류를인공혈관으로치환하는수술로정신적, 육체적스트레스를유발하여수술후상당기간동안삶의질이떨어지게된다 년 Parodi 등이복부대동맥류환자의치료를위해 Dacron 그라프트와 Palmaz 스텐트를연결하여만든원시 328 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5): submit.radiology.or.kr

7 정혜두외 형스텐트-그라프트를이용하여복부대동맥류환자를치료한이후에혈관내동맥류치료술은급속도로발전하고있으며, 현재는복부대동맥류치료의절반이상에혈관내동맥류치료술이이용되고있다 (17-24). 혈관내동맥류치료술은개복하지않고전신혹은부분마취후에대퇴동맥을통하여스텐트-그라프트를삽입하는방법으로수술위험도가높은환자들에게가능하며혈액손실이적고, 시술시간과시술후의입원기간이짧고, 시술후의사망률도낮다 (20). 여러연구들 (5, 7, 11, 15, 25) 은혈관내동맥류치료술후좋은결과를얻기위해목각도가 60도미만, 목길이가 15 mm 이상, 목직경이 17~25 mm 이내, 목둘레의석회화와혈전이거의없을것과같은복부대동맥류의근위부목형태에대한기준을제시했다. 하지만임상경험의증가와기구들이발전함에따라 HNA 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에게도혈관내동맥류치료술이적용될수있다. Dillavou 등 (11) 은 115명의 GNA 를가진환자와 91명의 HNA 를가진환자를대상으로시술후와후기합병증의발생에대해연구하였다. 그들은목길이가짧거나목각도가큰경우에도충분한주의를한다면 HNA 를가진환자에서도혈관내동맥류치료술은적절한치료법이될수있다고하였다. 본연구에서도 GNA 군과 HNA 군사이에일차시술성공, endoleak, 이차시술시행여부, 시술후 1년이내합병증발생에차이가없었다. 그러나, 다른연구자들은 HNA 를가진환자는예후가좋지않다고보고하고있다. Hovsepian 등 (5) 은 AneuRx 스텐트- 그라프트로혈관내동맥류치료를시행한 144 명의환자를분석한결과근위목길이가짧은경우시술후합병증이증가하고전반적인생존율이감소하였다고도하였다. Mohan 등 (6) 은짧은목길이 (short neck length) 와넓은목직경이근위부 1형 endoleak 발생과상당한연관이있다고보고하였고, 그중에서중간또는근위부목직경보다원위목직경이상관관계가높았다. 더불어이들은근위부 1형 endoleak 를감소시키기위해스텐트-그라프트의목직경을 10~20% 정도크게측정할것을제안하였다. 또한복부대동맥류의형태와목각도는근위부 1형 endoleak 와관련이없다고도하였다. 238 명을대상으로 EVAR 를시행한 Australasian Zenith Endovascular Graft Research (7) 는근위목길이가 20 mm 이하로감소할때, 매밀리미터마다근위부 1형 endoleak 가증가한다고하였다. 또한 3 mm 이상의윤곽변화를보이는짧은목의경우근위부 endoleak 의발생률이증가한다고하였다. 3 mm 이상의윤곽변화와 28 mm 이상의목직경, 윤곽변화와짧은목길이 (< 20 mm), 큰목직경과짧은목길이등의복합적인 HNA 형태또한 endoleak 의위험을증가시킨다. 저자들의연구에서는목길이는일차시술성공 (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.21~18.70; p = 0.023), 조기 1형 endoleak (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18~12.29; p = 0.002), 근위부조기 1형 endoleak (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 0.56~11.44; p = 0.002) 발생의예측인자였고, 넓어지는목은조기 1형 endoleak (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 0.75~19.82; p = 0.026), 근위부조기 1형 endoleak (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.12~19.43; p = 0.037) 발생의예측인자였다. EUROSTAR (European Collaborators on Stent-Graft Techniques for AAA and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Repair) 연구 (20, 21, 24, 26) 에서혈관내동맥류치료를시행한후 4년추척관찰하였다. 목직경이 28 mm 이상인복부대동맥류의경우대동맥류파열, 수술로의전환, 치사율이상대적으로높았다. 본연구에서목직경은일차시술성공과조기 1형 endoleak, 그리고시술후 1년이내합병증발생과연관이없었으나, 본연구가 EUROSTAR 연구보다추적관찰기간이짧으므로추가적인추적관찰연구가필요하다. Choke 등 (14) 은혈관내동맥류치료술을시행한 147 명 (GNA, 60명 ; HNA, 87명 ) 을분석하였다. HNA 는하나이상의 HNA 형태 ( 목길이 < 10 mm, 목직경 > 28 mm, 목각도 > 60, 목둘레혈전 50%) 를가진경우로정의하였다. 이들은목각도가 60 이상인경우 aortic cuff 와같은부가적인시술이증가한다고하였고그외의 HNA 형태는 GNA 군과 HNA 군에서큰차이가없다고하였다. Sternbergh 등 (8) 은 AneuRx (infrarenal fixation) 를시행받은 81명의환자를분석한결과, 중간 (40~59 ) 또는심각한 (> 60 ) 목각도가있는환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술을시행받은경우합병증의발생이높았다고하였다. 이러한합병증은경도의목각도를가진환자에서는 16.6%, 중간목각도를가진환자에서는 54.5%, 그리고심각한목각도를가진환자에서는 70% 로증가하였고, 목길이가 2 cm 이상인환자에서도목각도가큰경우합병증의발생률이높았다. 저자들의본연구에서목각도 (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 0.96~20.80; p = 0.047) 와목둘레혈전 (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.24~7.12; p = 0.035) 그리고목둘레석회화 (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 0.08~18.37; p = 0.043) 는시술후 1년동안합병증의발생을예측할수있는인자이다. Robbins 등 (16) 은 HNA 의형태가 endoleak, 스텐트-그라프트이동, 그리고대동맥류의확장과아무런연관이없다고하였다. 저자들의본연구에서도대동맥류의직경은 GNA 군에서 4예에서 5 mm 이상증가하였고 43예에서감소또는변화가없었으며, HNA 군에서 5예에서 5 mm 이상증가하였고 47예 submit.radiology.or.kr 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5):

8 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 에서감소또는변화가없어 HNA 와연관이없었다. 그러나시술후 GNA 군에서대동맥류의직경은평균 0.7 ± 0.73 mm 감소하였고 HNA 군에서대동맥류의직경은평균 2.5 ± 1.07 mm 감소하여 HNA 군에서의의있게감소하였다. 이러한차이는시술전 HNA 의대동맥류의크기 (Mean pre-op, 56.6 ± 2.35 mm) 가 GNA 의대동맥류의크기 (Mean pre-op, 50.3 ± mm) 보다큰것에따른차이로생각된다. 결론적으로 HNA 를갖는복부대동맥류환자와 GNA 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에게 EVAR 를시행했을때 HNA 군에서일차시술성공률이 GNA 군에비해낮고조기 1형 endoleak 의발생률이높은경향을보이나통계학적인차이가없다. HNA 의여러형태중목길이는일차시술성공, 조기 1형 endoleak, 그리고근위부조기 1형 endoleak 발생의예측인자이다. 목각도는일차시술성공, 조기 1형 endoleak, 그리고시술후 1년이내의합병증의발생을예측할수있는인자이다. 또한넓어지는목은조기 1형 endoleak 의예측인자이며목둘레혈전과목둘레석회화는시술후 1년동안합병증의발생을예측할수있는인자이다. 참고문헌 1. Rimon U, Garniek A, Golan G, Bensaid P, Galili Y, Schneiderman J, et al. Resolved abdominal aortic aneurysms following stent graft treatment: a report of five cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2004;27: Ouriel K, Tanquilut E, Greenberg RK, Walker E. Aortoiliac morphologic correlations in aneurysms undergoing endovascular repair. J Vasc Surg 2003;38: Arko FR, Filis KA, Seidel SA, Gonzalez J, Lengle SJ, Webb R, et al. How many patients with infrarenal aneurysms are candidates for endovascular repair? The Northern California experience. J Endovasc Ther 2004;11: Harris PL, Vallabhaneni SR, Desgranges P, Becquemin JP, van Marrewijk C, Laheij RJ. Incidence and risk factors of late rupture, conversion, and death after endovascular repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms: the EUROSTAR experience. European Collaborators on Stent/graft techniques for aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2000;32: Hovsepian DM, Hein AN, Pilgram TK, Cohen DT, Kim HS, Sanchez LA, et al. Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 144 patients: correlation of aneurysm size, proximal aortic neck length, and procedure-related com- plications. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001;12: Mohan IV, Laheij RJ, Harris PL; EUROSTAR COLLABORA- TORS. Risk factors for endoleak and the evidence for stent-graft oversizing in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001;21: Stanley BM, Semmens JB, Mai Q, Goodman MA, Hartley DE, Wilkinson C, et al. Evaluation of patient selection guidelines for endoluminal AAA repair with the Zenith Stent-Graft: the Australasian experience. J Endovasc Ther 2001;8: Sternbergh WC 3rd, Carter G, York JW, Yoselevitz M, Money SR. Aortic neck angulation predicts adverse outcome with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2002;35: Zarins CK, Bloch DA, Crabtree T, Matsumoto AH, White RA, Fogarty TJ. Stent graft migration after endovascular aneurysm repair: importance of proximal fixation. J Vasc Surg 2003;38: ; discussion Dias NV, Resch T, Malina M, Lindblad B, Ivancev K. Intraoperative proximal endoleaks during AAA stent-graft repair: evaluation of risk factors and treatment with Palmaz stents. J Endovasc Ther 2001;8: Dillavou ED, Muluk SC, Rhee RY, Tzeng E, Woody JD, Gupta N, et al. Does hostile neck anatomy preclude successful endovascular aortic aneurysm repair? J Vasc Surg 2003;38: Aburahma AF, Campbell JE, Mousa AY, Hass SM, Stone PA, Jain A, et al. Clinical outcomes for hostile versus favorable aortic neck anatomy in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using modular devices. J Vasc Surg 2011;54: Gitlitz DB, Ramaswami G, Kaplan D, Hollier LH, Marin ML. Endovascular stent grafting in the presence of aortic neck filling defects: early clinical experience. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: Choke E, Munneke G, Morgan R, Belli AM, Loftus I, McFarland R, et al. Outcomes of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with hostile neck anatomy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2006;29: Greenberg R, Fairman R, Srivastava S, Criado F, Green R. Endovascular grafting in patients with short proximal necks: an analysis of short-term results. Cardiovasc Surg 2000;8: 330 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5): submit.radiology.or.kr

9 정혜두외 Robbins M, Kritpracha B, Beebe HG, Criado FJ, Daoud Y, Comerota AJ. Suprarenal endograft fixation avoids adverse outcomes associated with aortic neck angulation. Ann Vasc Surg 2005;19: Cao P, Verzini F, Parlani G, Rango PD, Parente B, Giordano G, et al. Predictive factors and clinical consequences of proximal aortic neck dilatation in 230 patients undergoing abdominal aorta aneurysm repair with self-expandable stent-grafts. J Vasc Surg 2003;37: Fairman RM, Velazquez OC, Carpenter JP, Woo E, Baum RA, Golden MA, et al. Midterm pivotal trial results of the Talent Low Profile System for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: analysis of complicated versus uncomplicated aortic necks. J Vasc Surg 2004;40: Albertini JN, Perdikides T, Soong CV, Hinchliffe RJ, Trojanowska M, Yusuf SW. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with severe angulation of the proximal neck using a flexible stent-graft: European Multicenter Experience. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2006;47: Buth J, van Marrewijk CJ, Harris PL, Hop WC, Riambau V, Laheij RJ; EUROSTAR Collaborators. Outcome of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with conditions considered unfit for an open procedure: a report on the EUROSTAR experience. J Vasc Surg 2002;35: Hobo R, Sybrandy JE, Harris PL, Buth J; EUROSTAR Collab- orators. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with concomitant common iliac artery aneurysm: outcome analysis of the EUROSTAR Experience. J Endovasc Ther 2008;15: May J, White GH, Ly CN, Jones MA, Harris JP. Endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm prevents enlargement of the proximal neck: a 9-year life-table and 5-year longitudinal study. J Vasc Surg 2003;37: Leurs LJ, Buth J, Harris PL, Blankensteijn JD. Impact of study design on outcome after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. A comparison between the randomized controlled DREAM-trial and the observational EUROSTARregistry. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;33: Waasdorp EJ, de Vries JP, Hobo R, Leurs LJ, Buth J, Moll FL; EUROSTAR Collaborators. Aneurysm diameter and proximal aortic neck diameter influence clinical outcome of endovascular abdominal aortic repair: a 4-year EUROSTAR experience. Ann Vasc Surg 2005;19: AbuRahma AF, Campbell J, Stone PA, Nanjundappa A, Jain A, Dean LS, et al. The correlation of aortic neck length to early and late outcomes in endovascular aneurysm repair patients. J Vasc Surg 2009;50: Hobo R, Kievit J, Leurs LJ, Buth J; EUROSTAR Collaborators. Influence of severe infrarenal aortic neck angulation on complications at the proximal neck following endovascular AAA repair: a EUROSTAR study. J Endovasc Ther 2007; 14:1-11 submit.radiology.or.kr 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5):

10 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 Hostile Neck Anatomy 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술결과와예후에영향을미치는관련인자에관한연구 1 정혜두 1 이윤영 1 이승진 1 임재훈 4 임남열 1 장남규 3 김재규 1 최수진나 2 정상영 2 목적 : Hostile neck anatomy (HNA) 를갖는복부대동맥류환자에서혈관내동맥류치료술 (endovascular abdomi-nal aortic aneurysm repair; 이하 EVAR) 의시술결과를평가하고예후에영향을주는관련인자를알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 2006 년 3월부터 2010 년 12월까지 EVAR 를시행받은 100 명의복부대동맥류환자를대상으로하였다. 100 명의환자를 good neck anatomy (GNA) 군과 HNA 군으로나누었고, 두군사이의일차시술성공률과시술후합병증발생률을비교하였다. HNA 의형태중합병증의발생과연관성이있는인자를조사하였다. 결과 : HNA 군과 GNA 군은일차시술성공률 (p = 0.132) 과합병증의발생률에큰차이가없었다. HNA 의형태중, 목길이가짧은경우 [odd ratio (OR), 4.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21~18.70; p = 0.023] 와목각도가큰경우 (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 0.15~11.85; p = 0.031) 에일차시술성공률이낮았다. 목길이가짧은경우 (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18~12.29; p = 0.002) 와목각도가큰경우 (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 0.14~19.07; p = 0.032) 에조기 1형합병증의발생률이높았다. 목각도가큰경우 (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 0.96~20.80; p = 0.047) 와목둘레혈전 (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.24~7.12; p = 0.035) 이넓은경우, 그리고목둘레석회화 (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 0.08~18.37; p = 0.043) 가넓은경우에시술후 1년이내에합병증발생률이높았다. 결론 : HNA 군과 GNA 군은일차시술성공률과합병증발생률에큰차이가없었다. 조기 1형 endoleak 의발생률에영향을주는인자는목길이가짧은경우와목각도가큰경우이며, 시술후 1년이내합병증의발생에영향을주는인자는목각도가큰경우와목둘레혈전범위가넓은경우, 목둘레석회화가넓은경우였다. 전남대학교병원 1 영상의학과, 2 이식혈관외과, 3 성가롤로병원영상의학과, 4 동군산병원영상의학과 332 대한영상의학회지 2012;67(5): submit.radiology.or.kr

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