(Transer Function) X(w) Y(w) H(w) Y(w) X(w) H ( w) φ H(w) H(w) X(w) Y(w). Vo ( w) H v ( w) V ( w) I o( w) H i ( w) I ( w) V ( w) H z ( w) I ( w) I ( w

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1 4 Bode plot( ) Pspice The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,? A(j) db A db. A 3 db,, ΘG(), L 9 o 8. o L H H (rad/s) (rad/s) : 3 3 : 35~ The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

2 (Transer Function) X(w) Y(w) H(w) Y(w) X(w) H ( w) φ H(w) H(w) X(w) Y(w). Vo ( w) H v ( w) V ( w) I o( w) H i ( w) I ( w) V ( w) H z ( w) I ( w) I ( w) H y ( w) V ( w) i i i i 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., ( ) H(w) N(w) N( w) H ( w) D(w). w) N(w) H(w) (zeros) z, z,, D(w)l H(w) (poles) p,p,. Zeros : Poles : (zeros) (poles). 4 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

3 4. RC V s V cos(wt) V o /V s. V : H ( w) V o s / jwc R + / jwc + jwrc + jw/ w where w / RC 3dB cuto requency : : H ( w) : ψ w) tan + ( w / w ) ( ( w / w ) o 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., w/w o 3 H(w) (db).77(-3db).45(-? db).3 ψ(w) -45 o -63 o -7 o w/w o H(w)..8. ψ(w) -84 o -87 o -89 o -9 o 3dB 6 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

4 (db) (Bode Plot)..log PP.log P / P 3.log P n 4.log log P + log P log P log P nlog P ( ) (bels).. /. P log log GdB P P P out in 7 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., ( ) 4 G db log log G log db i R R V + log V V log V log P log P V V R R R R R,log R V / R V / R P I i R G db R, R, log P I R I I 8 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

5 Scale (Linear scale) (Logarithic scale) 9 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Bode Plot (db ) ( ) (seilog). ( ). H H ψ H e jψ ln H ln H + jψ agnitude + j( phase ) (Bode Magnitude) : log H : H db The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

6 Bode Plot: 4.3 (!!!) H(w)7. K. (jw) - (jw) 3. /(+jw/p) (+jw/z) 4. /[+ζ w/ w n +(jw/w n ) ] [+ ζ w/ w k +(jw/w k ) ]. (K) w w The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Bode Plot. (jw) / (jw) - ± log jw ± log w [ db] w -9 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

7 Bode Plot: / w 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Bode Plot 4. /[+ζ w/ w n +(jw/w n ) ] [+ ζ w/ w k +(jw/w k ) ] 4 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

8 Fig. 4. Bode plots o quadratic pole [ + jζ/ n - / n ] - : a) agnitude plot zζ, v n w n ξ. Slope -4dB/decade n n n n n w W n 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Fig. 4. Bode plots o quadratic pole [ + jζ/ n - / n ] - : b) phase plot zζ, v n w n 6 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

9 7 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

10 4.3 9 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., 4.6 H(w) db The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

11 4.6 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., RLC. RLC Vs Z H ( w) R + jwl j I wc Z R + j( wl ) wc : I( Z) wl wc wo L wo rad / s o Hz w C LC π LC o θ The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

12 : I I R V + ( wl / wc) V P( w) I rs R I R R ½ ( V / ) V P( w ) P( w ) R 4R ( wl / wc) ± R w w o ww 3 Bandwidth B 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., : 4 BWw -w -3dB R/L quality actor Q (selectivity) Q:. Q π LI LI L π π π I RT I R(/ ) R wl R w Q BW w w R w CR L Q The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

13 Fig. 4.3 The higher the circuit Q, the saller the bandwidth High-Q. Quality actor high-q. w w, w, BW, quality actor Q5. 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., RLC Y H ( w) I V + j( wc ) R wl + jwc + R jwl : Y θ wc wl w rad /sec LC V / w L I L 6 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

14 I V V / R + j( wc / wl) I + ( wc ) R wl ( wc ) wl R V I R I / w w ( R,L,C/R, /C,/L ) w 7 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., BWw -w -3dB /RC quality actor Q w Q wrc B I I L C IR QI w L R w L IR wcir QI / w C R I Q I L V / wl wl wl / R I Q I 8 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

15 (Passive Filter). R,L,C. (, OP-ap ).. v s (V s ) C R + v o (V o ) - 9 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Fig. 4.3 Ideal requency response o our types o ilters: a) lowpass, b) highpass, c) bandpass, d) bandstop ( ) c c 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

16 (dc) (w c ). LPF Vo H(w) V π c + RC i c jπrc πrc 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., (w c ) : 3 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

17 w <w<w. HPF LPF 33 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., HPF LPF c c πr C πr C 59kHz π (k Ω) (nf) 796kHz π (kω) ( pf) BW c c 796 khz 59 khz 637 khz 34 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

18 w <w<w. LC RC RL 35 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., 4.. V R /// jwc R.. H ( w) V jwl + R /// jwc w RLC + jwl wcl ( wc LC) + R i +.. R H ( w) H ( R w RLC) 3. (-3dB)( ) H ( R w R RLC) + w L c c 36 + w L R,L.C. ( w 4x 4 6w 7w 3 ( w ) w.559 w.74krad / s c c c c ) 6 c + c R The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

19 4.( ) R 4.. H ( w) H ( R w RLC) + w L w/w c H(w) /sqrt() H(), H( ) 37 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., :.. (3Hz <<3Hz). :,, OP-AMP.. RLC.. 38 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

20 w, w RC RC 39 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Fig Active Bandrejection ilter LPF Adder HPF 4 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

21 Scaling Ω, H, F. scaling.. : K. R,L,C : Z R, Z jwl, Z R L C jwc : ' Z R KR, Z L jwkl, ZC K jwc jwc / K 4 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Scaling :,. K. Z Z L C ' ' j( wk ) L jwl L ' ' C / j( wk ) C / jwc C K ' w ( scaled requency) K w L K plot.,,. 4 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

22 Scaling( ) : ' ' R K R, L K : B' K B C ' K K C, K w ' L, K ' : L' C' KLC / K LC ' K : K L' C' L / K C / K LC w 43 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., 4.4 : 4Butterworth w c rad/s. : Ω ->kω w c 5kHz 44 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

4.4( ) ' c π (5)x : K : R R K c ' x 3 3 πx 4 : ' K L K ' K L K L / C C K K / C C K K 4 L πx 5.765 43.5pF 9 πx.848 588. pf 9 πx 5 (.848) 58.8H 4 (.765) 4.

23 4.4( ) ' c π (5)x : K : R R K c ' x 3 3 πx 4 : ' K L K ' K L K L / C C K K / C C K K 4 L πx pF 9 πx pf 9 πx 5 (.848) 58.8H 4 (.765) 4.35H 5 πx 45 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., PSpice Analysis/Setup/AC Sweep Sweep : Linear : Octave : Decade : Start req End req Total pts M: P: db : db (log ( )) 46 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

24 4.5 trace/add trace expression VM(C:) plot Trace/add trace expression VP(C:).. 47 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., AM 48 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

Touch Tone : Dual-tone 43 49 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.

25 Touch Tone : Dual-tone The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Touch Tone : (697Hz ~94Hz) (9Hz~477Hz). 6 77Hz 477Hz. Touch Tone. 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

, Hoework Assignent: Due /4 4.3, 4.6(b), 4., 4.9, 4.3, 4.4, 4.

26 Touch Tone DTMF(Dual Tone Multi Frequency) DTMF 9 477Hz(high-req.)85Hz(low-req.) 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc., Hoework Assignent: Due /4 4.3, 4.6(b), 4., 4.9, 4.3, 4.4, 4.46, 4.6 Final Exa Announceent: Dec 4(Tue), 4 (9:-:5) 5 The McGraw-Hill Copanies, Inc.,

영상처리 이론 과 실제 제3장 영역처리

영상처리 이론 과 실제 제3장 영역처리 (0,0) (0,0) (1,1) 3x3 5x5 Sharpening, also referred to as crispening, emphasizes the details in an image. Sharpening an image will increase its contrast. 1)}, ( ) 1, ( 1), ( ) 1, ( { 4 1 ), (