슬라이드 제목 없음

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미희 예
5 years ago
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1 4. 1. (sound source) : (sound wave) :.,,,,

2 ( ) 1 : Hz, KHz, MHz 1 Hz = 1 1 KHz = 1,000 Hz, 1 MHz = 1,000 KHz 20 Hz ~ 20 KHz (, )

3 ( ), (db) : (, intensity)) = = =

4 (decibel : db) (, intensity)) db = 20 log 10 (A/B) A : B : B=2.83*10-4 dyne/cm 2 1dyne 1g 1cm/sec db 120 db (threshold of pain) 4

5 ADC DAC ADC : Analog-to-Digital Converter DAC : Digital-to-Analog Converter : 5

6 Sampling rate / Hz, KHz (Sampling Rate) sampling rate (WHY?) 2 sampling. f 0 [Hz] 2 f 0 [Hz] sampling Sampling Rate Sampling Rate Sampling Rate(KHz) NeXT Workstation, MPC-I CD-ROM/XA( ) Macintosh, MPC-I Digital radio, HDTV CD-ROM/XA( ) CD, MPC-II DAT 6

7 Resolution( ) (Resolution) Sampling ( ), Resolution: bit 8 bit : bit : 65,656 Sampling Rate Resolution 7

8 PCM(Pulse Code Modulation) sampling ADC. DAC. :. : sampling frequency resolution DPCM(Differential PCM) 4 (0) (1) 3 ADPCM(Adaptive Differential PCM) CD-I(CD Interactive) PCM DPCM MSB LSB MSB LSB

9 FM(Frequency Modulation) 9

10 Waveform(wave) (.wav ) MS Windows PCM Sound Card ADC, DAC Sampling Frequency 44.1 KHz, 22 KHz, 11 KHz Wave CD-Audio /,, mixing 44.1 KHz frequency sampling sampling 16 10

11 :. :, J.Q. Stewart resonance circuit 1939 H. Dudley VODEC 10 DSP(Digital Signal Processing) 11

12 (PCM, ADPCM, ADM ) Analysis-Synthesis(Formant, LPC) Formant : ( ). Formant : formant : Votrax(, ) LPC(Linear Prediction Coding) : : bit : : REPL(Residual Excited Linear Prediction) vocoder, APC(Adaptivr Predictive Coder) : SC(Sub-band Coder), ATC(Adaptive Transform Coder) 12

13 13

14 ,, : $30 $ Syntax tree syntax tree (, ), 14

15 Pattern matching 15

16 Windows MIDI FM MIDI MIDI 16

17 (resolution) (KHz) Mac(all type) Mac(Newer) Apple IIgs 8 32 / > 70 8( ) PC/Sound Blaster V1 8 13/22 1 PC/Sound Blaster V2 8 15/ Atari ST Atari Falcon ( ) Amiga ( ) Sun Sparc U-LAW 8 1 Sun Sparc St.10 U-LAW, 8, ( ) NeXT U-LAW, 8, ( ) SGI Indigo 8, ( ) VAXstation 4000 U-LAW 8 1 DEC 3000/ U-LAW

18 Self-describing encoding Raw Self-describing.au,.snd.aif(f), AIFF.aif(f), AIFF.iff, IFF/8SVX.voc.wav, WAVE None, HCOM.mod,.nst NeXT, SUN Apple, SGI Apple, SGI Amiga Sound Blaster Microsoft Macintosh Amiga,, encoding,, resolution,,, resolution,, (AIFF ),,,, resolution, (Huffman ) ( ) 18

19 AIFF(Audio IFF) AIFC Apple SGI AIFC AIFF Snd NeXT Sun SNDSoundStruct, Interface Builder 19

20 VOC Creative Lab. voice (,, ) ( ) 00H~12H 13H 14H~15H (20 ) 16H~17H 18H~19H ( Create Voice File ) EOF( ) offset number number 2 (byte) 00 Terminator 0 1AH~ 01 Sound data 2 (, ) 02 Sound 03 Silence 3 (silence, ) Silence 04 Maker 2 05 ASCII 06 Repeat 2 07 End repeat 0 08 Extended 20 4 (, )

21 WAV IBM Microsoft 4 RIFF 4 length 4 WAVE 4 fmt 4 length 2 Format tag WAVE category 0001H=Microsoft PCM 0101H=IBM U-LAW 0102H=IBM A-LAW 0103H=IBM AVC ADPCM 2 channel Wave 1=mono, 2=stereo 4 samples per second 4 bytes per second Wave ( ) 2 bytes per sample 2 bits per channel 4 data 4 length wave n sample wave 21

22 Real Audio Encoder Netscape real audio real audio real audio real audio player 14.4 : mono AM 14.4 Kbps 28.8 : mono FM 28.8Kbps.wav,.au,.pcm, raw Sound Card CD Sampling resolution.wav 8, 11, 22, 44KHz 8 or 16 bit, mono.au 8, 22, 44KHz Mono.pcm 8, 11, 22, 44KHz 8 or 16 bit, mono 22

23 MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) MIDI MIDI, MIDI MIDI MIDI Roland IBM PC MIDI MPU-401 MIDI Roland MPU-401, MPU-IPC-T, LAPS-T CMS CMS-401, CMS-404 Music Quest MQX16, MQX32 MQX 23

24 MIDI MIDI DIN( ) connector MIDI MIDI connector 5 pin MIDI -1 MIDI-IN ( MIDI IN) MIDI-OUT( OUT) MIDI-THRU(MIDI-IN MIDI -2 MIDI, 3~4 ) MIDI -3 MIDI-OUT MIDI-IN MIDI-THRU MIDI-IN 24

25 MIDI chain MIDI -1 MIDI-OUT (master) MIDI-IN MIDI -THRU Box (master) THRU THRU MIDI -2 (slave) MIDI-IN MIDI -3 (slave) MIDI-IN MIDI -4 (slave) MIDI-IN 25

26 MIDI channel 16 channel MIDI protocol master slave master slave MIDI start stop Kbaud MIDI broadcast MIDI broadcast MIDI MIDI Status Byte( ) Data Byte( ) 26

27 MIDI Status Byte(HEX) Data Byte 1 Data Byte 2 8n 0k 0v Note off 9n 0k 0v Note on An 0k 0v Polyponic key pressure ( ) Bn 0c 0v Control change Cn 0p Program change Dn 0v Channel pressure En 0v 0v Pitch changes (, ),. Slave n : - k : (note) - v : (velocity) - c : (controller) - pedal p : voice 27

28 MIDI MIDI sequencer MIDI MIDI ( ),,,,,, Sequencer Passport Design Master Tracks Pro(MS-Window ) Dynaware USA Ballade Twelve Tone System Cakewalk Professional 28

인켈(국문)pdf.pdf

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